Crushing gap adjustable intermediate toothed roll crusher

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of broken gap adjustable intermediate tooth roller crushers, belong to ore crushing equipment technical field.The crusher includes rack, fixed tooth roller, adjusting tooth roller and asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system.Fixed tooth roller is fixedly installed on rack, adjusting tooth roller is slidably connected with rack by slide rail, one side is provided by spring group and adjusting hydraulic cylinder and is composed of composite adjustment mechanism, the other side is provided by limit stop jack and forms rigid limit.Oil cavity of adjusting hydraulic cylinder is equipped with hydraulic valve and pressure sensor, for realizing quick pressure relief and avoidance when pressure mutation;While being equipped with displacement sensor and realizing gap closed-loop control.Driving assembly is connected with adjusting tooth roller through universal joint, guarantee transmission coaxiality in the adjustment process.The structure realizes high-precision automatic adjustment and impact quick avoidance of broken gap;Through asymmetric arrangement composite adjustment mechanism, realize flexible and rigid combination, prevent tooth roller overshoot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ore crushing technology, specifically to a medium-sized toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap. Background Technology

[0002] Toothed roll crushers, commonly used in the ore and building materials industries, primarily rely on two counter-rotating toothed rolls to crush materials by squeezing and shearing them. Traditional toothed roll crushers typically use mechanical wedges or screw mechanisms to adjust the crushing gap to accommodate different material particle size requirements. However, with the increasing hardness and particle size inhomogeneity of ores, existing equipment has gradually revealed the following shortcomings during operation: Low adjustment accuracy; traditional mechanical adjustment mechanisms are mainly achieved by manual or motor-driven lead screws. Affected by structural gaps and mechanical wear, the gap adjustment error is generally above ±10mm, making it difficult to achieve high-precision control and resulting in poor uniformity of crushed particle size; traditional equipment lacks an effective emergency avoidance system and often relies on a single pressure relief action of hydraulic cylinders. The avoidance reaction time exceeds 1 second, which can easily lead to toothed roller breakage, bearing failure, or main shaft bending.

[0003] Existing hydraulic regulation systems mostly use open-loop control, which cannot simultaneously monitor and control pressure and displacement in real time. When the equipment is subjected to instantaneous impact, it is impossible to accurately determine the impact source and impact amount, resulting in delayed avoidance actions, and may even cause a sudden increase in system oil pressure and damage to valve blocks.

[0004] In the prior art, patent document CN119114194B discloses a structure in which the extrusion block on the surface of the crushing roller extends outward along the mounting groove to achieve fine adjustment of the crushing roller gap. This solution can automatically adjust the output particle size, but the adjustment method is limited to local fine adjustment of the roller surface and does not achieve overall relative displacement control of the toothed roller; at the same time, it lacks elastic energy absorption and hydraulic pressure relief mechanisms, and cannot cope with the impact load in the crushing chamber. The control method is a single electric cylinder open-loop drive, which has insufficient adjustment accuracy and avoidance response.

[0005] Furthermore, while patent document CN107552149A incorporates the concept of automatic control, its structure remains purely mechanical, possessing only closed-loop position control and lacking pressure surge identification and rapid pressure relief mechanisms. This solution exhibits slow response and limited avoidance capability when facing high impact loads or hard minerals, making it unsuitable for complex ore crushing conditions. Patent document CN110124168A employs a wedge-type mechanical adjustment method, resulting in significant adjustment errors. CN207533247U proposes a hydraulic pressure limiting protection device, but its avoidance speed is insufficient, and the system response is slow.

[0006] In summary, existing toothed roll crushers have significant shortcomings in terms of gap adjustment accuracy, impact avoidance speed, and intelligent control system; therefore, there is an urgent need for a crushing equipment with a reasonable structure, rapid response, high adjustment accuracy, and intelligent avoidance function. Utility Model Content

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide a medium-sized toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap. It achieves a combination of flexibility and rigidity through an asymmetrically arranged composite adjustment mechanism. One side is used for precision adjustment, while the other side forms rigid protection through a limiting jack to prevent the toothed roller from overshooting. This can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a medium-sized toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap, comprising a frame, a fixed toothed roller, an adjustable toothed roller, and an asymmetrical composite adjustment and avoidance system, characterized in that: the fixed toothed roller is fixedly installed on the frame, and the adjustable toothed roller is slidably connected to the frame via a slide rail, the two being asymmetrically arranged; one side of the adjustable toothed roller is provided with a spring assembly and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the spring assembly and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder constituting a composite adjustment mechanism, which uses the extension and retraction of a jack to achieve precise adjustment of the crushing gap; the other side of the adjustable toothed roller is provided with a limit jack, which is used to limit the position of the adjustable toothed roller, forming a rigid constraint on the gap limit position with the composite adjustment mechanism, ensuring the safety and reliability of the equipment; one end of the adjustable toothed roller is connected to a universal joint, the universal joint... The section is used to connect with the drive assembly to achieve transmission compensation; a hydraulic valve is installed at the oil inlet of the rod chamber of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder to achieve rapid pressure relief during impact avoidance; a displacement sensor is installed on one side of the stroke direction of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder to detect the lateral position of the adjusting toothed roller; a pressure sensor is installed at the oil inlet of the rod chamber of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder to detect the oil chamber pressure; the spring group, adjusting hydraulic cylinder, limit jack and hydraulic valve together constitute an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system, which realizes adjustment and emergency avoidance functions. Specifically, when a pressure change is detected, the hydraulic valve quickly relieves pressure, thereby realizing dynamic avoidance of the adjusting toothed roller; a feed box is installed on the frame for feeding iron ore, so that the material can smoothly enter between the adjusting toothed roller and the fixed toothed roller.

[0009] Furthermore, the spring assembly consists of several sets of parallel helical springs. Each set of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, which has a hardness of HRC45-50 after vacuum oil quenching and medium-temperature tempering. The wire diameter is 80mm, the mean diameter is 250mm, the free height is 630mm, and the stiffness range is 50-200N / mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder structure with a working pressure of 30MPa. The cylinder body is fixed to the frame through an ear-shaped connector, and the piston rod end is hinged to the adjusting toothed roller support frame through a connecting seat.

[0011] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is installed at the oil port of the rod chamber, shares an integrated valve block with the hydraulic valve, and is connected by a threaded end face O-ring seal. When the pressure rise rate of the regulating hydraulic cylinder oil chamber is detected to be greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure exceeds 30MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve to open and quickly relieve pressure to achieve the avoidance action.

[0012] The hydraulic valve is a proportionally electrically controlled relief valve with a response time of less than 50ms and a discharge flow rate of not less than 60L / min. It is installed near the rod chamber of the regulating hydraulic cylinder, with the oil inlet connected to the cylinder and the oil outlet connected to the oil tank via a return oil pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the displacement sensor is a linear displacement sensor, with its fixed end rigidly connected to the frame and its sensing end connected to the adjusting toothed roller bracket. The detection range is ±50mm and the resolution is 0.1mm, which is used to realize closed-loop feedback control of the crushing gap.

[0014] Furthermore, the universal joint adopts a cross shaft structure and is used in combination with the telescopic key shaft to achieve 30° deflection compensation of the transmission. It maintains the coaxiality of the transmission during the adjustment of the toothed roller and the transmission efficiency is not less than 95%. The drive assembly includes three parts: motor, reducer and coupling, which are installed on the bracket on one side of the frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the limit jack is used to form a secondary mechanical protection at the avoidance limit position. When the avoidance stroke reaches 105mm, the mechanical limit is triggered to prevent the toothed roller from overshooting.

[0016] Furthermore, a control method for an adjustable-gap intermediate-sized toothed roller crusher and its control method includes the following steps: Step 1: Initialization. After the system is powered on, read the initial signal from the displacement sensor and reset the toothed roller to the reference gap. Step 2: Set the gap. Input the target gap value in the control interface and use it as the target input for the PID controller. Step 3: Closed-loop adjustment. Based on the feedback from the displacement sensor, PID control is executed to adjust the hydraulic cylinder output to adjust the toothed roller gap. Step 4: Pressure monitoring, sampling the pressure sensor signal at a frequency of 1kHz; Step 5: Impact identification. When a pressure rise rate > 2 MPa / ms or a pressure > 30 MPa is detected, it is determined to be an impact event. Step Six: Depressurization and Avoidance. The PLC outputs a signal to drive the pressure relief valve to open, the hydraulic cylinder quickly releases pressure, the spring assembly compresses and absorbs energy, and the toothed roller slides to avoid the obstacle. Step 7: Reset calibration. After the pressure is restored, the pressure relief valve closes and the system automatically resets to the target gap. The displacement sensor detects the reset deviation and performs automatic calibration to ensure that the crushing gap is restored to the target value.

[0017] Step 8: Abnormal Handling and Protection. During operation, if an abnormal signal is detected from the pressure sensor or displacement sensor, or if the avoidance stroke exceeds the limit range, the PLC will immediately execute an emergency valve locking action and trigger an alarm signal. The system will then enter a safety protection mode to prevent equipment damage.

[0018] Furthermore, the PLC control system simultaneously performs dual closed-loop control on displacement and pressure signals, with an avoidance response time of less than 0.3s and a gap adjustment accuracy of ±5mm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model adopts a composite adjustment mechanism consisting of a spring assembly and a hydraulic cylinder, and achieves closed-loop precise control of the crushing gap through the PID algorithm of the PLC system. Compared with the traditional mechanical wedge or lead screw adjustment method, this structure can achieve continuous adjustment within the range of 10 to 100 mm, with an adjustment accuracy of ±5 mm. The spring assembly, in conjunction with a high-precision displacement sensor, achieves stable and repeatable gap control, effectively ensuring the consistency of crushed particle size and product quality.

[0020] 2. This invention forms a composite avoidance system that combines elastic buffering and hydraulic pressure relief. When the pressure sensor detects that the oil chamber pressure rise rate exceeds a set threshold, such as 2 MPa / ms or the pressure exceeds 30 MPa, the PLC immediately triggers the pressure relief valve, and the hydraulic cylinder rapidly relieves pressure within 0.3 seconds, enabling the adjusting toothed roller to achieve dynamic avoidance. The spring assembly absorbs impact energy during the avoidance process, preventing the shock wave from being transmitted to the frame or main shaft, thereby effectively preventing toothed roller breakage, bearing damage, and main shaft bending. Compared with the traditional single hydraulic cylinder structure, this solution improves the impact response speed by approximately 70% and significantly enhances structural safety.

[0021] 3. This utility model adopts a dual-sensor feedback control system for pressure and displacement, and uses PLC for real-time data sampling and PID linkage adjustment to achieve a coordinated and unified adjustment accuracy and avoidance response. When the equipment is impacted, the system can automatically judge the state and complete the entire process of "rapid avoidance - return to position - calibration" without manual intervention. The combination design of universal joint and telescopic key shaft can achieve 30° deflection compensation, so that the toothed roller still maintains the coaxiality of transmission during dynamic adjustment, ensuring that the transmission efficiency is not less than 95%.

[0022] 4. This utility model achieves a combination of flexibility and rigidity through an asymmetrically arranged composite adjustment mechanism. One side is used for precision adjustment, while the other side forms rigid protection through a limiting jack to prevent the toothed roller from overshooting. Compared with traditional toothed roller crushers, this utility model significantly reduces the frequency of downtime maintenance, extends the service life of key components, and improves the overall economic benefits by more than 30%. It is suitable for medium crushing operations of high-hardness ores such as iron ore, quartz sand, and high-calcium stone. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adjusting toothed roller mechanism of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the transmission mechanism of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a finite element stress cloud diagram of the frame of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a stress distribution diagram of the spring assembly of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic control and avoidance process for the crushing gap of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. Fixed toothed roller, 3. Slide rail, 4. Adjustable toothed roller, 5. Spring assembly, 6. Adjustable hydraulic cylinder, 7. Limit jack, 8. Universal joint, 10. Displacement sensor, 11. Pressure sensor, 12. Hydraulic valve, 13. Feed box, 14. Drive assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Example

[0026] Please see Figure 1-6 This utility model provides a technical solution: a medium-sized toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap and a control method, including a frame 1, a fixed toothed roller 2, an adjustable toothed roller 4, a slide rail 3, an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system, a universal joint 8, a drive assembly 14, a feed box 13, and a hydraulic and sensor control unit.

[0027] The fixed toothed roller 2 is fixedly installed on the frame 1, and the adjustable toothed roller 4 is slidably connected to the frame 1 through the slide rail 3. The two are arranged asymmetrically in the transverse direction. A spring group 5 is set on one side of the adjustable toothed roller 4 and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 are connected in parallel to form a compound adjustment mechanism. The jack 6 controls the crushing gap by telescopic control to achieve precise adjustment of the toothed roller spacing. A limit jack 7 is set on the other side of the adjustable toothed roller 4 to form a rigid termination position to prevent the toothed roller from overshooting. It forms a symmetrical constraint structure with a combination of flexibility and rigidity with the compound adjustment mechanism.

[0028] One end of the adjusting toothed roller 4 is connected to a universal joint 8 for connection to the drive assembly 14. The drive assembly 14 consists of a motor, a reducer and a coupling, and is installed on the side bracket of the frame 1. The drive power is transmitted to the toothed roller through the universal joint 8 and the telescopic key shaft to achieve deflection compensation and maintain transmission coaxiality. The transmission efficiency is not less than 95%. The upper part of the frame 1 is provided with a feed box 13 for continuous feeding of iron ore material, so that the material enters the crushing chamber between the fixed toothed roller 2 and the adjusting toothed roller 4 for crushing.

[0029] Spring group 5 consists of several sets of parallel helical springs. Each set of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel, which has a hardness of HRC45~50 after vacuum oil quenching and medium temperature tempering. The wire diameter is 80mm, the mean diameter is 250mm, the free height is 630mm, and the stiffness range is 50~200N / mm. The multiple sets of parallel structures make the force distribution uniform and provide elastic support and impact energy absorption capacity.

[0030] The adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 is a high-pressure hydraulic cylinder with a working pressure of 30MPa (adjustable range of 20-50MPa). The cylinder body is fixed to the frame 1 through an ear ring joint. The piston rod end is hinged to the adjusting toothed roller 4 bracket through a connecting seat to ensure that the direction of the force is consistent with the sliding direction of the slide rail 3, thus avoiding lateral load imbalance.

[0031] A pressure sensor 11 is installed at the oil port of the rod chamber of the regulating hydraulic cylinder 6, and shares an integrated valve block with the hydraulic valve 12, connected by a threaded end face O-ring seal. When the oil chamber pressure rise rate is detected to be greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure exceeds 30MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve 12 to open for rapid pressure relief, thereby achieving toothed roller avoidance. The hydraulic valve 12 is a proportional electronically controlled relief valve with a response time of less than 50ms and a discharge flow rate of not less than 60L / min. It is installed near the rod chamber of the jack 6, with the oil inlet connected to the oil cylinder and the oil outlet connected to the oil tank via a return oil pipe.

[0032] The displacement sensor 10 is located on one side of the stroke direction of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6. Its fixed end is connected to the frame 1, and its sensing end is connected to the bracket of the adjusting toothed roller 4. The detection range is ±50mm and the resolution is 0.1mm. The sensor detects the toothed roller gap position in real time and forms a closed-loop feedback signal for PID control of the PLC system.

[0033] The limit jack 7 is arranged on the other side of the adjusting toothed roller 4, forming a secondary mechanical protection at the avoidance limit position. When the avoidance stroke reaches 105mm, the rigid limit is triggered to prevent the toothed roller from over-bumping and causing damage to the mechanism. The asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system of the whole machine is composed of spring group 5, adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6, limit jack 7 and hydraulic valve 12. During normal operation, the gap is adjusted by jack 6. When an impact load is detected, the hydraulic valve 12 quickly releases pressure and cooperates with spring group 5 to absorb energy and avoid impact, and then automatically resets.

[0034] During use: During the operation of the equipment, the fixed toothed roller 2 remains stationary, and the adjusting toothed roller 4 slides laterally on the slide rail 3 to form a crushing chamber with the fixed toothed roller; the drive assembly 14 outputs torque through the motor, reducer and coupling, and transmits it to the adjusting toothed roller 4 through the universal joint 8, so that the two toothed rollers rotate in opposite directions, thereby squeezing, shearing and crushing the ore material entering the crushing chamber.

[0035] Under normal crushing conditions, the working position of the adjusting toothed roller 4 is determined by the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 and the spring assembly 5. The adjusting hydraulic cylinder 6 provides the main positioning force and controllable displacement adjustment output, and its piston rod is connected to the adjusting toothed roller bracket through the connecting seat. The spring assembly 5 is connected in parallel with the jack 6 to provide elastic support and energy buffer. When the PLC control system performs PID adjustment according to the feedback signal of the displacement sensor 10, the jack 6 extends and retracts to change the position of the adjusting toothed roller 4, thereby realizing the continuous adjustment of the crushing gap. The displacement sensor 10 detects the lateral displacement of the adjusting toothed roller 4 in real time and forms a closed-loop control signal to ensure that the gap adjustment accuracy reaches ±5mm.

[0036] During the crushing process, the pressure sensor 11 monitors the oil chamber pressure of the hydraulic cylinder in real time. When the hardness of the ore changes abruptly or foreign objects enter the crushing chamber, the crushing load increases instantaneously, and the oil chamber pressure rises rapidly accordingly. When the PLC system detects that the pressure rise rate is greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure value exceeds 30MPa, it determines that an impact event has occurred. At this time, the control system immediately outputs a high-priority command to drive the hydraulic valve 12 to open. The hydraulic valve 12 quickly opens the pressure relief channel, allowing the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber of the regulating hydraulic cylinder 6 to flow back rapidly. The oil chamber pressure drops sharply, and the regulating toothed roller 4 moves backward along the slide rail 3 under the load to achieve dynamic avoidance.

[0037] During the avoidance process, the spring assembly 5 compresses synchronously and absorbs the impact energy, forming a dual buffer mechanism of "hydraulic pressure relief + mechanical energy absorption", which effectively reduces the risk of impact force being transmitted to the frame 1 and the main shaft system; the limit jack 7 serves as the mechanical termination protection device of the system. When the adjusting toothed roller 4 moves to the maximum avoidance stroke of 105mm, it forms a rigid limit to prevent the toothed roller from overshooting and causing structural damage.

[0038] After the impact is relieved and the oil chamber pressure returns to normal, the PLC control system automatically closes the hydraulic valve 12 and re-drives the jack 6 to push back the adjusting toothed roller 4; the displacement sensor 10 continuously monitors the return position of the toothed roller. If a return deviation is detected, the system automatically performs a calibration action to ensure that the toothed roller gap is restored to the set target; the whole process is completed within 0.3 seconds without manual intervention.

[0039] During long-term operation, the PLC system performs dual closed-loop control on pressure and displacement signals: the displacement loop is used to maintain the stability of the set crushing gap, and the pressure loop is used to monitor impact changes and perform avoidance control; the coordinated operation of the two loops enables the crusher to achieve stable crushing, rapid avoidance and automatic reset under different material particle sizes and hardness.

[0040] The technical parameters are shown in the table below: Processing capacity 800~1000t / h (iron ore raw materials) Power configuration 2×250kW Adjust resolution 0.1mm noise level ≤85dB(A) Applicable material hardness ≤150Mpa Control method implementation steps: Step S1: System startup and initialization. After the system is powered on, the PLC reads the initial signal of the displacement sensor (10); determines the initial gap between the adjusting toothed roller (4) and the fixed toothed roller (2); if the gap exceeds the allowable tolerance (±5mm), the control system drives the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) to reset, so that the toothed roller returns to the reference position. Step S2: Set the target gap. The operator inputs the target breaking gap (e.g., 100mm) on the HMI interface; the PLC stores the set value into the PID control register as the closed-loop control target; the control system automatically calculates the target displacement stroke based on the set gap. Step S3: PID closed-loop regulation, PLC controls the output of hydraulic cylinder (6) through proportional servo valve; displacement sensor (10) provides real-time feedback on the position of toothed roller (4); PID controller calculates control quantity based on error e(t) = X_set − X_meas; when error ≤ 0.1mm, the system enters steady state holding. Step S4: Pressure monitoring. The pressure sensor (11) monitors the oil chamber pressure of the regulating hydraulic cylinder (6) at a sampling frequency of 1kHz; calculates the pressure rise rate (dP / dt) in real time and compares it with the set threshold; if the pressure is stable (change rate ≤ 0.1MPa / ms), maintain the normal crushing mode. Step S5: Impact detection and judgment. When the pressure rise rate (dP / dt) is detected to be >2MPa / ms or the pressure is >30MPa, the PLC determines that there is a foreign object impacting the crushing chamber (corresponding to an impact force ≥80kN); the control system enters the "emergency avoidance mode". Step S6: Rapid pressure relief and avoidance. The PLC immediately outputs a high-priority command to the electrically controlled pressure relief valve (12); the pressure relief valve response time is ≤50ms, and the pressure is quickly relieved; the spring group (5) compresses and absorbs energy, and the adjusting toothed roller (4) moves backward along the slide rail (3); the maximum avoidance stroke is 105mm, and the avoidance action is completed within 0.3s; at the same time, the servo valve output is locked to prevent the oil from flowing backward. Step S7: Return and calibration. When the pressure drops below 10MPa and stabilizes for 0.5s, the PLC controls the servo valve to resupply oil, so that the hydraulic cylinder (6) is reset; the displacement sensor (10) provides feedback on the current gap; if the deviation is ≤5mm, the return is automatically confirmed; if the deviation is >5mm, a second calibration is performed, and the PID adjustment stage is re-entered. Step S8: Maintain normal operation. When the system is in the steady-state gap and stable pressure range, maintain automatic crushing operation. If the operating parameters remain normal for more than 10 seconds, record the "normal operation status flag". Step S9: Fault alarm and protection. When any of the following conditions occur: pressure signal is distorted or lost; displacement sensor has no feedback; pressure does not decrease after pressure relief; PLC immediately locks the output of servo valve and pressure relief valve, stops the drive component (14), and issues an alarm signal; fault record is automatically stored.

[0041] This invention comprehensively utilizes principles of hydraulic control, elastic energy absorption, displacement detection, and intelligent feedback control to achieve flexible adjustment and rapid avoidance of the crushing gap. Specifically: the hydraulic system provides precise force and displacement output; the spring assembly 5 achieves efficient energy absorption and buffering; the limit jack 7 constitutes a secondary mechanical protection; the sensing and control system achieves pressure-displacement dual closed-loop feedback; and the universal joint 8 compensates for transmission deviations caused by displacement adjustment, ensuring stable and efficient transmission. Through these synergistic effects, the crusher can complete pressure relief and avoidance within milliseconds when encountering hard object impacts, and automatically reset to the target gap after pressure recovery, achieving intelligent crushing control with "self-adjustment, self-avoidance, and self-recovery."

[0042] Optional solutions Guide mechanism: The slide rail 3 can be a rectangular slide shoe or a heavy-duty roller guide. Dustproof seals and centralized lubrication interfaces can be provided at both ends of the guide rail to ensure long-term stable sliding.

[0043] Composite adjustment mechanism: Spring group 5 can be replaced with disc spring stack or gas spring structure to adapt to different ore hardness; Adjustment hydraulic cylinder 6 can be replaced with servo hydraulic cylinder or electro-hydraulic proportional cylinder to improve adjustment accuracy.

[0044] Limit protection: The limit jack 7 can be combined with a buffer damper or mechanical stop to provide both soft and hard protection; an electrical limit switch can also be added to output an avoidance signal.

[0045] Sensing system: Displacement sensor 10 can be either magnetostrictive or laser ranging type; pressure sensor 11 can be a high-frequency sensor with temperature compensation.

[0046] Valve control system: Hydraulic valve 12 can be a pilot-operated quick unloading valve or a high-response electromagnetic relief valve; in high-frequency avoidance applications, an accumulator can be added for energy slow release.

[0047] Control system: The control algorithm can be upgraded to fuzzy PID or model predictive control (MPC) to achieve adaptive avoidance and stable control.

[0048] Drive system: Drive component 14 can be replaced with a hydraulic motor or a dual-motor drive to adapt to different power levels.

[0049] Feeding structure: The feed box 13 can be equipped with a guide plate and a vibration anti-bridging device to ensure that the material enters the crushing chamber evenly.

[0050] This crusher combines elastic energy absorption, hydraulic fine adjustment, rigid limit and intelligent avoidance functions through an asymmetrical compound adjustment and avoidance structure, so as to achieve precise control of the crushing gap and high-speed response avoidance. The system has a compact structure, is easy to maintain and responds quickly. It is suitable for medium crushing of high hardness ores such as iron ore, quartz sand and high calcium stone. Its comprehensive performance is significantly improved compared with traditional toothed roll crushers.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of this utility model. Various changes and modifications may be made to this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this utility model as claimed.

Claims

1. A medium-sized toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap, comprising a frame (1), a fixed toothed roller (2), an adjustable toothed roller (4), and an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system, characterized in that: The fixed toothed roller (2) is fixedly installed on the frame (1), and the adjusting toothed roller (4) is slidably connected to the frame (1) via the slide rail (3). The two are asymmetrically arranged. One side of the adjusting toothed roller (4) is provided with a spring assembly (5) and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6). The spring assembly (5) and the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (6) constitute a compound adjusting mechanism. The other side of the adjusting toothed roller (4) is provided with a limit jack (7). The limit jack (7) is used to limit the position of the adjusting toothed roller (4). One end of the spring assembly (5) is connected to a universal joint (8), and a hydraulic valve (12) is installed at the oil inlet of the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (6). A displacement sensor (10) is installed on one side of the stroke direction of the hydraulic cylinder (6), and a pressure sensor (11) is installed at the oil inlet of the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (6). The spring assembly (5), the hydraulic cylinder (6), the limit jack (7), and the hydraulic valve (12) together constitute an asymmetric composite adjustment and avoidance system. A feed box (13) is installed on the frame (1).

2. A roll sizer according to claim 1 wherein: The spring group (5) consists of several groups of parallel spiral springs. Each group of springs is made of 60Si2MnA spring steel. After vacuum oil quenching and medium-temperature tempering, the hardness is HRC45~50, the wire diameter is 80mm, the mean diameter is 250mm, the free height is 630mm, and the stiffness range is 50~200N / mm.

3. The adjustable-gap intermediate-sized toothed roller crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating hydraulic cylinder (6) is a hydraulic cylinder structure with a working pressure of 30MPa. The cylinder body is fixed to the frame (1) through the lug joint, and the piston rod end is hinged to the regulating toothed roller (4) support frame through the connecting seat.

4. A toothed roller crusher with adjustable crushing gap according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: When the pressure rise rate of the regulating hydraulic cylinder (6) is detected to be greater than 2MPa / ms or the pressure exceeds 30MPa, the PLC control system triggers the hydraulic valve (12) to open and quickly relieve pressure to achieve the avoidance action.

5. The adjustable-gap intermediate-sized toothed roller crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (10) is a linear displacement sensor. Its fixed end is rigidly connected to the frame (1), and its sensing end is connected to the bracket of the adjusting toothed roller (4). The detection range is ±50mm.

6. The adjustable-gap intermediate-speed toothed roller crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal joint (8) adopts a cross shaft structure and is used in combination with the telescopic key shaft to achieve 30° deflection compensation for transmission. The drive assembly (14) includes three parts: motor, reducer and coupling, which are installed on the bracket on one side of the frame (1).

7. The adjustable-gap intermediate-speed toothed roller crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit jack (7) is used to form a secondary mechanical protection at the avoidance limit position. When the avoidance stroke reaches 105mm, the mechanical limit is triggered.

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