A novel angular momentum conservation experiment device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel angular momentum conservation experiment device belongs to angular momentum conservation experiment technical field, including experiment carousel, the middle part of experiment carousel is equipped with central rotation axis, and central rotation axis from below to above is equipped with light barrier, tower wheel, angular momentum conservation assembly in proper order, one side of light barrier is equipped with photoelectric gate, and the other side is equipped with lifting assembly, and photoelectric gate passes through multifunctional chronograph control, and the instrument modularization, split type structure changes physical quantity, solves the analysis experiment problem, observes the relativity of physical quantity, and experiment measuring device is process visualization, embodies the size and state of physical quantity, the design of angular momentum conservation assembly adopts the principle of direct current coil and electromagnetic brake, and DC24V safety voltage, and the time response of suction and release is fast, and the time of releasing electromagnet reaches ms level, guarantees the time required for collision, reduces experimental error, and the principle and structure are easy and convenient for teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides a novel experimental apparatus for the conservation of angular momentum, belonging to the field of experimental technology for the conservation of angular momentum. Background Technology

[0002] The conservation of angular momentum is a fundamental principle in physics, which states that in an isolated system, the total angular momentum of the system remains unchanged if no external torque is applied. This principle is widely used in many fields such as astrophysics, quantum mechanics, and classical mechanics.

[0003] Currently common experimental devices for the conservation of angular momentum mainly include rotating chair type, gyroscope type, skater model type, and tabletop rotating platform type. However, existing devices still have the following shortcomings in practical use: 1. Complex structure and inconvenient operation: Some experimental devices require a relatively complex assembly process or have high requirements for the operating environment, such as ice surface or low friction platform, which limits their popular application in ordinary classrooms; 2. Unclear demonstration effect: Some miniaturized or simplified experimental devices have a limited range of rotational inertia changes, resulting in an insufficiently intuitive visual representation of angular momentum changes, affecting the teaching effect; 3. Poor safety: For example, rotating chair devices are prone to causing users to fall or collide due to improper operation, posing certain safety hazards; 4. Lack of quantitative measurement function: Most traditional experimental devices can only perform qualitative demonstrations and are difficult to provide accurate data support, which is not conducive to a deep understanding of the mathematical expression and physical essence of the conservation of angular momentum. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a novel experimental device for the conservation of angular momentum that is structurally sound, safe to operate, provides intuitive demonstrations, and is easy to promote and use, in order to meet the higher requirements of visualization, interactivity, and scientific rigor in modern physics teaching.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the proposed technical solution is as follows: a novel experimental device for conservation of angular momentum, including an experimental turntable, a central rotating shaft in the middle of the experimental turntable, and a light-shielding plate, a tower wheel, and an angular momentum conservation component arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the central rotating shaft. A photoelectric gate is provided on one side of the light-shielding plate, and a lifting component is provided on the other side. The photoelectric gate is controlled by a multi-functional timer.

[0006] As an improvement, the angular momentum conservation component includes a mounting plate disposed at the upper end of the central rotation axis, an electromagnet disposed at the lower end of the mounting plate, a metal ring disposed at the lower end of the electromagnet, and a mother disk disposed below the metal ring. As an improvement, the light-blocking sheet has four sections and is controlled by a multi-function timer; As an improvement, the photoelectric gate includes a photoelectric signal output interface set on the experimental turntable, and photoelectric switches set on one side of the photoelectric signal output interface and located above and below the light shield, respectively. As an improvement, the lifting assembly includes a lifting rod, a lifting plate mounted on the lifting rod, a pulley mounted on the outer end of the lifting plate, and a weight connected to the pulley by a rope.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: I. The instrument features a modular and modular structure, enabling the modification of physical quantities, the resolution of analytical experimental problems, and the observation of the correlation between physical quantities. The experimental measurement device visualizes the process and reflects the magnitude and state of physical quantities.

[0008] II. The design of the angular momentum conservation component adopts the principle of DC coil and electromagnetic brake. It has a safe DC24V voltage, fast pull-in and release time, and the release time of the electromagnet reaches the millisecond level, which ensures the time required for collision, reduces experimental error, and the principle and structure are easy to teach.

[0009] III. The coaxial, centering, and positioning structure design of the angular momentum conservation component ensures the experimental conditions are met by the close cooperation between the electromagnet after release and the rotating platform.

[0010] IV. This experiment integrates multiple experiments to verify the fundamental laws of rigid body mechanics, and has significant innovations in instrument design and experimental methods. Compared with existing experimental instruments, it has many advantages: 1. It proposes a method to verify the rotational law by combining experimental and theoretical values; 2. It designs an experimental method to verify the conservation of angular momentum; 3. It integrates multiple experiments into one instrument, enabling students to have a more coherent learning experience related to rigid body mechanics, and providing convenience in the storage and use of experimental instruments; 4. It expands the experimental scope of rigid body mechanics, helping students to gain a deeper understanding of rigid body mechanics knowledge through experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a novel experimental device for the conservation of angular momentum according to this utility model.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a multifunctional timer for a novel experimental device for the conservation of angular momentum according to this utility model.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the angular momentum conservation component of a novel angular momentum conservation experimental device according to this utility model.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnet for a novel experimental device for the conservation of angular momentum according to this utility model.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the conservation of angular momentum in a novel experimental apparatus for conserving angular momentum according to this utility model.

[0016] 1. Experimental turntable; 2. Central rotation shaft; 3. Light-shielding plate; 4. Tower wheel; 501. Electromagnet; 502. Metal ring; 503. Mother plate; 601. Photoelectric signal output interface; 602. Photoelectric switch; 701. Lifting rod; 702. Lifting plate; 703. Pulley; 704. Weights. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] according to Figure 1 As shown in Figure 4: This utility model provides a novel experimental apparatus for the conservation of angular momentum: it includes an experimental turntable 1, a central rotating shaft 2 in the middle of the turntable 1, and from bottom to top, a light-shielding plate 3, a tower wheel 4, and an angular momentum conservation component. A photogate is located on one side of the light-shielding plate 3, and a lifting component is located on the other side. The photogate is controlled by a multi-functional timer. The angular momentum conservation component includes a mounting plate at the upper end of the central rotating shaft 2, an electromagnet 501 at the lower end of the mounting plate, and a metal ring 502 at the lower end of the electromagnet 501. A mother disk 503 is positioned below the metal ring 502; four light-shielding plates 3 are provided and controlled by a multi-functional timer; the photoelectric gate includes a photoelectric signal output interface 601 on the experimental turntable 1, and photoelectric switches 602 located on one side of the photoelectric signal output interface 601 and respectively above and below the light-shielding plates 3; the lifting assembly includes a lifting rod 701, a lifting plate 702 on the lifting rod 701, a pulley 703 at the outer end of the lifting plate 702, and a weight 704 connected to the pulley 703 by a rope; this application has the following advantages: I. The instrument features a modular and modular structure, enabling the modification of physical quantities, the resolution of analytical experimental problems, and the observation of the correlation between physical quantities. The experimental measurement device visualizes the process and reflects the magnitude and state of physical quantities.

[0019] II. The design of the angular momentum conservation component adopts the principle of DC coil and electromagnetic brake. It has a safe DC24V voltage, fast pull-in and release time, and the release time of the electromagnet reaches the millisecond level, which ensures the time required for collision, reduces experimental error, and the principle and structure are easy to teach.

[0020] III. The coaxial, centering, and positioning structure design of the angular momentum conservation component ensures the experimental conditions are met by the close cooperation between the electromagnet after release and the rotating platform.

[0021] IV. This experiment integrates multiple experiments to verify the fundamental laws of rigid body mechanics, and has significant innovations in instrument design and experimental methods. Compared with existing experimental instruments, it has many advantages: 1. It proposes a method to verify the rotational law by combining experimental and theoretical values; 2. It designs an experimental method to verify the conservation of angular momentum; 3. It integrates multiple experiments into one instrument, enabling students to have a more coherent learning experience related to rigid body mechanics, and providing convenience in the storage and use of experimental instruments; 4. It expands the experimental scope of rigid body mechanics, helping students to gain a deeper understanding of rigid body mechanics knowledge through experiments.

[0022] The principle of this utility model: I. Experimental Principle: like Figure 5 The principle of conservation of angular momentum is shown in the attached diagram. Let the moment of inertia of the lower mother disk 503 be I1, and it rotates at a certain angular velocity... Rotating about an axis, the upper disk has a moment of inertia of I² and an initial angular velocity of... From the law of conservation of angular momentum, we can obtain: In this experiment, we need to use the electromagnet 501 and the metal ring 502 from the experimental accessories. We use the electromagnet 501 to pick up the metal ring 502 and place it above the mother disk 503, giving the mother disk 503 an initial velocity. When the mother disk 503 rotates steadily, we record its angular velocity. The power supply to electromagnet 501 is then disconnected, causing the metal ring 502 to fall instantly and rotate together with the mother disk 503. The angular velocity of their rotation is then measured. .

[0023] To verify the law of conservation of angular momentum, we only need to verify: in, and These represent the linear velocities of the mother disk 503 before and after the metal ring 502 falls, respectively.

[0024] Implementation steps: 1. Fix the mother disk 503 from the experimental accessories onto the central rotating shaft 2; 2. Turn on the instrument's power switch; 3. Use the electromagnet 501 in the experimental accessories to pick up the metal ring 502 and place it above the mother plate 503. Set the multi-function timer, select the "speed measurement" mode, and press the "start experiment" button. IV. Rotate the mother disk 503 to give it an initial velocity. After the mother disk 503 stabilizes, record its rotational speed. The power supply to electromagnet 501 is disconnected, causing the metal ring 502 to fall instantly and rotate together with the mother plate 503; V. Record the rotational speed of the metal ring 502-mother disk 503 assembly. Calculate their ratio; 6. Replace with another ring and repeat the above steps.

[0025] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel experimental apparatus for the conservation of angular momentum; characterized in that: The experimental turntable (1) is provided with a central rotating shaft (2) in the middle of the experimental turntable (1). The central rotating shaft (2) is provided with a light shield (3), a tower wheel (4), and an angular momentum conservation component (5) from bottom to top. A photoelectric gate is provided on one side of the light shield (3) and a lifting component is provided on the other side. The photoelectric gate is controlled by a multi-functional timer.

2. The novel experimental apparatus for conservation of angular momentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angular momentum conservation component (5) includes a mounting plate disposed on the upper end of the central rotation axis (2), an electromagnet (501) disposed on the lower end of the mounting plate, a metal ring (502) disposed on the lower end of the electromagnet (501), and a mother disk (503) disposed below the metal ring (502).

3. The novel experimental apparatus for conservation of angular momentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-shielding sheet (3) is provided in four parts and is controlled by a multi-functional timer.

4. The novel experimental apparatus for conservation of angular momentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric gate includes a photoelectric signal output interface (601) set on the experimental turntable (1), and photoelectric switches (602) set on one side of the photoelectric signal output interface (601) and located above and below the light shield (3).

5. The novel experimental apparatus for conservation of angular momentum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting assembly includes a lifting rod (701), a lifting plate (702) mounted on the lifting rod (701), a pulley (703) mounted on the outer end of the lifting plate (702), and a weight (704) connected to the pulley (703) by a rope.

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