A turning and grinding combined numerical control machine tool for processing thin-walled brittle workpieces

Abstract

The utility model belongs to lathe design technical field, specifically discloses a kind of turning-grinding combined numerical control machine tool for processing thin-walled brittle workpiece.The spindle box of machine tool is fixed in one side of horizontal bed body, chuck tooling is arranged on spindle box, saddle assembly is slidably arranged in the other side of horizontal bed body, turning assembly is arranged on saddle assembly, polishing head assembly is arranged on the saddle assembly of turning assembly side;Polishing head assembly's traversing mechanism is slidably arranged on saddle assembly and sliding direction is parallel to the extension direction of bed body, vertical moving mechanism is slidably arranged on traversing mechanism and sliding direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of bed body, polishing head is arranged on vertical moving mechanism and extends to chuck tooling direction, and polishing head is provided with main motor driving grinding head rotation.The utility model integrates polishing head assembly with traversing and vertical moving mechanism on horizontal numerical control machine tool, realizes automatic, accurate grinding to thin-walled brittle workpiece using numerical control system, with the characteristics of simple structure, high machining precision and efficiency, and workpiece is not easy to deform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool design technology, specifically to a turning-grinding composite CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces, which has a simple structure, high machining accuracy and efficiency, and is not easily deformed. Background Technology

[0002] Crystalline silicon, as an important high-performance material, is widely used in semiconductors, photovoltaics, and aerospace. Its applications require the manufacture of thin-walled, cylindrical silicon containers or components. The manufacture of such parts typically involves welding processes, but welding leaves hard weld spatter on the inner wall. Due to the high hardness and brittleness of crystalline silicon itself, and its thin-walled structure resulting in poor overall rigidity and fragility, subsequent weld spatter removal presents significant technical challenges. Currently known techniques for processing thin-walled brittle workpieces suffer from the following problems: 1. Direct turning using a general-purpose horizontal CNC lathe: Since existing general-purpose horizontal CNC lathes are mainly designed for turning metal materials, their tool holders can only be used to mount cutting tools. Therefore, using a general-purpose horizontal CNC lathe to directly turn the inner wall of thin-walled brittle workpieces such as crystalline silicon is not only inefficient, but also results in high stress during direct turning, which can easily cause the workpiece to crack due to the stress. Furthermore, the cutting tool cannot effectively perform grinding and polishing, resulting in poor precision after machining.

[0003] 2. Use a combination of rough turning on a general-purpose CNC lathe and internal grinding: Although the combined machining can improve the accuracy of the machining compared to machining on a CNC lathe alone, it has the problem of repeated clamping, which not only results in low machining efficiency, but also makes it easy for the workpiece to be scrapped due to misalignment after repeated clamping.

[0004] 3. Risk of workpiece clamping damage: Traditional lathe three-jaw chucks and grinding machine jaws usually use hard metal jaws or have teeth engraved to increase friction. When clamping thin-walled brittle workpieces such as crystalline silicon, the huge clamping force can easily cause indentations, cracks or micro-cracks on the workpiece surface, resulting in the scrapping of the workpiece.

[0005] In existing technologies, to address the inability of traditional CNC lathes to process thin-walled, brittle workpieces, the following technical solutions have emerged: For example, a multi-functional vertical lathe (publication number CN2894925Y) features a grinding wheel device mounted on the crossbeam, with the grinding head slide connected to the crossbeam. This solution enables grinding on a double-column vertical lathe, expanding machine tool functionality and improving processing quality and production efficiency. However, this solution lacks specific protective measures for brittle materials and fails to address the issue of deformation during clamping of thin-walled workpieces. Another example is a turning-grinding composite machine tool (publication number CN209239484U), comprising a worktable, crossbeam, left grinding tool holder, and right turning tool holder, enabling both turning and grinding operations in a single setup. This solution improves machine tool stability and processing accuracy while reducing production costs. However, it lacks a dedicated flexible clamping system, failing to effectively protect brittle workpieces from damage during processing.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of special CNC machine tool with combined turning and grinding functions, which can not only achieve efficient switching between turning and grinding functions, but also ensure the safety of machining brittle and thin-walled workpieces. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a turning-grinding composite CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces, which features a simple structure, high machining accuracy and efficiency, and minimal workpiece deformation.

[0008] The present invention relates to a turning and grinding composite CNC machine tool for processing thin-walled brittle workpieces, which is implemented as follows: it includes a bed, a spindle box, a chuck fixture, a saddle assembly, a turning assembly, and a grinding head assembly. The spindle box is fixedly mounted on one side of the horizontal bed, the chuck fixture is mounted on the spindle box, the saddle assembly is slidably mounted on the other side of the horizontal bed, the turning assembly is mounted on the saddle assembly, and the grinding head assembly is mounted on the saddle assembly on the side of the turning assembly. The grinding head assembly includes a transverse movement mechanism, a vertical movement mechanism, and a grinding head. The transverse movement mechanism is slidably mounted on the saddle assembly and its sliding direction is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed. The vertical movement mechanism is slidably mounted on the transverse movement mechanism and its sliding direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed. The grinding head is mounted on the vertical movement mechanism and extends towards the chuck fixture. The grinding head is equipped with a main motor that drives the grinding head to rotate.

[0009] Furthermore, the traversing mechanism includes a traversing base plate, a first traversing guide rail, a second traversing guide rail, a top block I, a guide post I, a spring I, a guide sleeve I, an adjusting screw I, and a top block II. The first and second traversing guide rails are fixedly mounted parallel to the saddle assembly. The top block I and top block II are respectively disposed at both ends between the first and second traversing guide rails. The top block II is fixedly connected to the saddle assembly, and the top block I is fixedly connected to the traversing base plate. The traversing base plate is slidably disposed on the first and second traversing guide rails. Multiple guide posts I extending towards the top block I are fixedly disposed at intervals on the top block II. The spring I is movably sleeved on the guide post I, and the guide sleeve I is movably sleeved on the spring I. Multiple adjusting screws I corresponding to the guide post I are threadedly connected to the top block I. The end face of the adjusting screw I away from the top block I abuts against the corresponding spring I.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical movement mechanism includes a vertical movement base plate, a first vertical movement guide rail, a second vertical movement guide rail, a top block III, a guide post II, a spring II, a guide sleeve II, an adjusting screw II, and a top block IV. The first and second vertical movement guide rails are fixed parallel to each other on the horizontal movement base plate and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first horizontal movement guide rail. The top block III and the top block IV are respectively disposed at both ends between the first and second vertical movement guide rails. The top block IV is fixedly connected to the horizontal movement base plate, and the top block III is fixedly connected to the vertical movement base plate. The vertical movement base plate is slidably disposed on the first and second vertical movement guide rails. Multiple guide posts II extending towards the top block III are fixedly disposed at intervals on the top block IV. The spring II is movably sleeved on the guide post II, and the guide sleeve II is movably sleeved on the spring II. Multiple adjusting screws II corresponding to the guide post II are threadedly connected to the top block III. The end face of the adjusting screw II away from the top block III abuts against the corresponding spring II.

[0011] Furthermore, the grinding head includes a grinding rod, a tool holder, and a tool base. The tool base is fixedly mounted on the vertical moving base plate. One end of the tool holder is detachably fixed to the tool base, and the other end extends toward the chuck fixture. The main motor is fixed to one side of the tool base. The grinding rod is rotatably mounted inside the tool holder, and one end away from the tool base extends out of the tool holder end face. The grinding head is fixedly mounted on the grinding rod extending out of the tool holder end face. The grinding rod is drivenly connected to the drive shaft of the main motor.

[0012] Furthermore, the saddle assembly is provided with a transverse drive unit for driving the transverse base plate, and the transverse base plate is provided with a vertical drive unit for driving the vertical base plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the grinding head also includes a bullseye wheel, an adjusting block I, and an adjusting block II. The grinding rod is disposed on the side of the tool holder near the main motor. The adjusting blocks I and II are respectively disposed at adjustable intervals on the end face of the tool holder away from the tool holder. The adjusting blocks I and II are respectively fixedly provided with bullseye wheels that can abut against the inner wall of the thin-walled brittle workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the adjusting block I and adjusting block II is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the adjusting block I and adjusting block II are respectively connected by screws passing through the corresponding waist-shaped holes and the screw holes on the end face of the tool holder.

[0015] Furthermore, the chuck fixture includes jaws, a wrapping jaw, an inner wrapping plate, and a rubber plate. Multiple jaws are evenly distributed on the chuck fixture. The wrapping jaw is fixedly disposed on the inner side wall of the jaw. A groove surface is provided on the inner side of the wrapping jaw away from the jaw. The inner wrapping plate is an arc-shaped plate and is fixedly disposed on the groove surface of the wrapping jaw. The rubber plate is fitted onto the inner arc surface of the inner wrapping plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the claw is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the claw by screws, the inner cover plate is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the claw by screws, and the rubber plate is adhered to the inner arc surface of the inner cover plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model adopts a horizontal CNC lathe structure. While retaining the original turning function, it innovatively integrates the turning assembly and the grinding head assembly into a single design. Utilizing the high-precision control of the machine tool's CNC system, the machine tool can complete the entire process of turning, grinding, and polishing in a single setup. This not only completely eliminates the time loss caused by repeated setups and significantly improves processing efficiency, but also avoids the workpiece misalignment problem caused by multiple setups, ensuring processing accuracy from the source and effectively reducing the workpiece scrap rate caused by misalignment. Moreover, the grinding head assembly is equipped with an independent main motor to drive the grinding head, working in conjunction with the turning assembly. Compared to general-purpose lathes that can only turn, this significantly improves the cleanliness and surface accuracy of cleaning weld scars on the inner wall of the workpiece. This solves the problems of low efficiency, easy scrap due to misalignment, and the inability of general-purpose horizontal CNC lathes to simultaneously perform grinding and polishing in traditional machining processes that require repeated clamping.

[0018] 2. This utility model's grinding head assembly features an innovative design with an elastic feed structure composed of a horizontal and vertical movement mechanism. This not only allows for rapid switching of processing modes without altering the machine tool's main structure but also enables precise positioning, ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the processing. Furthermore, both the horizontal and vertical movement mechanisms incorporate a combination of guide columns, springs, and guide sleeves. Elastic pre-tensioning is achieved by adjusting the screws to tighten the springs, allowing the grinding head to absorb processing impact forces during feed through spring compression and reset. This prevents excessive processing stress from rigid feed, perfectly adapting to the physical properties of thin-walled, brittle workpieces such as crystalline silicon, effectively preventing workpiece breakage. Simultaneously, the elastic feed structure triggers an alarm mechanism and immediately stops the main motor when the force applied to the springs exceeds the maximum load of the main motor during grinding head assembly movement. This overload protection prevents damage to the workpiece or equipment, improving the safety and reliability of the processing.

[0019] 3. This utility model designs a multi-layered structure consisting of "jaws, wrapping jaws, inner wrapping plate, and rubber plate." The inner arc surface of the inner wrapping plate, in contact with the rubber plate, forms a flexible clamping system with buffering function. On one hand, the flexible contact between the rubber plate and the workpiece prevents the hard clamping surface from directly acting on brittle materials such as crystalline silicon. On the other hand, the rubber plate's contact with the inner arc surface of the inner wrapping plate increases the clamping contact area, dispersing concentrated clamping force into uniform pressure, effectively buffering clamping stress, and fundamentally solving the problem of clamping damage to thin-walled brittle workpieces, reducing workpiece scrap rate. Furthermore, the detachable connection design of the wrapping jaws, inner wrapping plate, and jaws facilitates the replacement of adaptable components according to workpiece size, improving the tooling's versatility.

[0020] 4. This utility model features a bullseye wheel and an adjustable adjustment block structure at the end of the grinding head. The spacing of the adjustment block can be adjusted via a waist-shaped hole, allowing the bullseye wheel to adapt to thin-walled workpieces of different inner diameters. This provides auxiliary support by conforming to the inner wall of the workpiece during grinding, preventing processing vibrations caused by the poor rigidity of thin walls and further improving processing stability. Furthermore, the detachable connection between the grinding rod and the tool holder facilitates the replacement of different grinding head models according to processing requirements. The direct drive connection between the main motor and the grinding rod reduces power transmission loss, thereby ensuring the stability of the grinding head rotation and improving grinding efficiency.

[0021] In summary, this utility model solves the comprehensive problem of achieving safe, efficient, and precise machining of brittle, thin-walled workpieces (such as crystalline silicon pot drums) on a single device through structural innovation and process optimization. It is particularly suitable for the mass production of high-precision silicon containers in the semiconductor and photovoltaic fields. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the grinding head assembly structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the horizontal and vertical movement mechanisms of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chuck tooling structure of this utility model; In the diagram: 1-Bed, 2-Spindle box, 3-Chuck fixture, 31-Chuck jaw, 32-Claw jaw, 33-Inner cover plate, 34-Rubber plate, 35-Positioning key, 4-Saddle assembly, 5-Turn assembly, 6-Grinding head assembly, 61-Transverse movement mechanism, 611-Transverse movement base plate, 612-First transverse movement guide, 613-Second transverse movement guide, 614-Top block I, 615-Guide column I, 616-Spring I, 617-Guide sleeve I, 618-Adjusting screw I, 619-Top block II, 62-Vertical movement mechanism Structure, 621-Vertical moving base plate, 622-First vertical moving guide rail, 623-Second vertical moving guide rail, 624-Top block III, 625-Guide post II, 626-Spring II, 627-Guide sleeve II, 628-Adjusting screw II, 629-Top block IV, 63-Grinding head, 631-Bullseye wheel, 632-Adjusting block I, 633-Adjusting block II, 634-Grinding head, 635-Grinding rod, 636-Tool holder, 637-Tool holder, 638-Main motor, 7-Thin-walled cylindrical silicon container. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention relates to a turning and grinding composite CNC machine tool for processing thin-walled brittle workpieces, comprising a bed 1, a spindle box 2, a chuck fixture 3, a saddle assembly 4, a turning assembly 5, and a grinding head assembly 6. The spindle box 2 is fixedly disposed on one side of the horizontal bed 1, the chuck fixture 3 is disposed on the spindle box 2, the saddle assembly 4 is slidably disposed on the other side of the horizontal bed 1, the turning assembly 5 is disposed on the saddle assembly 4, and the grinding head assembly 6 is disposed on the saddle assembly 4 on the side of the turning assembly 5. The grinding head assembly 6 includes a transverse movement mechanism 61, a vertical movement mechanism 62, and a grinding head 63. The transverse movement mechanism 61 is slidably mounted on the saddle assembly 4 and its sliding direction is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed 1. The vertical movement mechanism 62 is slidably mounted on the transverse movement mechanism 61 and its sliding direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed 1. The grinding head 63 is mounted on the vertical movement mechanism 62 and extends toward the chuck fixture 3. The grinding head 63 is equipped with a main motor 638 that drives the grinding head 634 to rotate.

[0025] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the transverse movement mechanism 61 includes a transverse movement base plate 611, a first transverse movement guide rail 612, a second transverse movement guide rail 613, a top block I 614, a guide post I 615, a spring I 616, a guide sleeve I 617, an adjusting screw I 618, and a top block II 619. The first transverse movement guide rail 612 and the second transverse movement guide rail 613 are fixed parallel to each other on the saddle assembly 4. The top block I 614 and the top block II 619 are respectively disposed at both ends between the first transverse movement guide rail 612 and the second transverse movement guide rail 613. The top block II 619 is fixedly connected to the saddle assembly 4. The top block I 614 and the top block II 619 are fixedly connected to the saddle assembly 4. A horizontal sliding base plate 611 is fixedly connected and slidably disposed on a first horizontal sliding guide rail 612 and a second horizontal sliding guide rail 613. A plurality of guide posts I615 extending toward the top block I614 are fixedly disposed at intervals on the top block I619. A spring I616 is movably sleeved on the guide posts I615, and a guide sleeve I617 is movably sleeved on the spring I616. A plurality of adjusting screws I618 corresponding to the guide posts I615 are threadedly connected to the top block I614. The end face of the adjusting screw I618 away from the top block I614 abuts against the corresponding spring I616.

[0026] The vertical movement mechanism 62 includes a vertical movement base plate 621, a first vertical movement guide rail 622, a second vertical movement guide rail 623, a top block III 624, a guide post II 625, a spring II 626, a guide sleeve II 627, an adjusting screw II 628, and a top block IV 629. The first vertical movement guide rail 622 and the second vertical movement guide rail 623 are fixed parallel to each other on the horizontal movement base plate 611 and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first horizontal movement guide rail 612. The top block III 624 and the top block IV 629 are respectively disposed at both ends between the first vertical movement guide rail 622 and the second vertical movement guide rail 623. The top block IV 629 is fixedly connected to the horizontal movement base plate 611. II624 is fixedly connected to the vertical sliding base plate 621. The vertical sliding base plate 621 is slidably disposed on the first vertical sliding guide rail 622 and the second vertical sliding guide rail 623. Multiple guide posts II625 extending towards the top block III624 are fixedly disposed at intervals on the top block IV629. The spring II626 is movably sleeved on the guide post II625. The guide sleeve II627 is movably sleeved on the spring II626. Multiple adjusting screws II628 corresponding to the guide post II625 are threadedly connected to the top block III624. The end face of the adjusting screw II628 away from the top block III624 abuts against the corresponding spring II626.

[0027] The grinding head 63 includes a grinding rod 635, a tool holder 636, and a tool base 637. The tool base 637 is fixedly mounted on the vertical sliding base plate 621. One end of the tool holder 636 is detachably fixed to the tool base 637, and the other end extends toward the chuck fixture 3. The main motor 638 is fixed to one side of the tool base 637. The grinding rod 635 is rotatably mounted inside the tool holder 636, and one end away from the tool base 637 extends out of the end face of the tool holder 636. The grinding head 634 is fixedly mounted on the grinding rod 635 extending out of the end face of the tool holder 636. The grinding rod 635 is drivenly connected to the drive shaft of the main motor 638.

[0028] The saddle assembly 4 is provided with a transverse drive unit for driving the transverse base plate 611, and the transverse base plate 611 is provided with a vertical drive unit for driving the vertical base plate 621.

[0029] The grinding head 63 also includes a bullseye wheel 631, an adjusting block I 632, and an adjusting block II 633. The grinding rod 635 is disposed on the side of the tool bar 636 near the main motor 638. The adjusting blocks I 632 and II 633 are respectively adjustablely spaced on the end face of the tool bar 636 away from the tool holder 637. The adjusting blocks I 632 and II 633 are respectively fixedly provided with bullseye wheels 631 that can abut against the inner wall of thin-walled brittle workpieces.

[0030] The adjusting block I632 and adjusting block II633 are respectively provided with waist-shaped holes, and the adjusting block I632 and adjusting block II633 are respectively connected by screws passing through the corresponding waist-shaped holes and the screw holes on the end face of the tool bar 636.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, the chuck fixture 3 includes jaws 31, a retaining jaw 32, an inner retaining plate 33, and a rubber plate 34. Multiple jaws 31 are evenly distributed on the chuck fixture 3. The retaining jaw 32 is fixedly disposed on the inner side wall of the jaw 31. The inner side of the retaining jaw 32 away from the jaw 31 is provided with a groove surface. The inner retaining plate 33 is an arc-shaped plate and is fixedly disposed on the groove surface of the retaining jaw 32. The rubber plate 34 is fitted against the inner arc surface of the inner retaining plate 33.

[0032] A positioning key 35 is provided between the inner packaging plate 33 and the claw 31, penetrating the claw 32.

[0033] The claw 32 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the claw 31 by screws, the inner plate 33 is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the claw 32 by screws, and the rubber plate 34 is adhered to the inner arc surface of the inner plate 33.

[0034] The working principle and process of this utility model: like Figures 1 to 4As shown, after welding, the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component is placed in the chuck fixture 3. The chuck fixture 3 is tightened so that the rubber plates 34 flexibly clamp the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component. Then, the spindle box 2 of the machine tool is started to drive the motor, which drives the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component to rotate through the chuck fixture 3. At the same time, the CNC system of the machine tool controls the movement of the turning assembly 5 to perform rough turning and semi-finish turning on the weld scars on the inner wall of the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component. After turning is completed, the machine tool CNC system controls the saddle assembly 4 to move, and replaces the turning assembly 5 with the grinding head assembly 6 to enter the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component. Then, it controls the transverse drive and vertical drive to adjust the transverse base plate 611 and vertical base plate 621 to make the bullseye wheel 631 contact the innermost end of the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component. Then, the main motor 638 is started to drive the grinding head 634 to grind the weld scars of the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component. During the grinding process, the machine tool CNC system controls the transverse drive and vertical drive to gradually fine-tune the transverse base plate 611 and vertical base plate 621 according to the feed rate until the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component is ground.

[0035] During the grinding process, the transverse base plate 611 is subjected to the reaction force of the thin-walled cylindrical silicon container 7 or component, which compresses the spring I616 through the adjusting screw I618, and the vertical base plate 621 is subjected to the reaction force, which compresses the spring II626 through the adjusting screw II628. As the compression of spring I616 or spring II626 increases, the compressive force gradually increases. When the force exceeds the rated maximum load of the main motor 638, the system triggers an alarm mechanism and controls the main motor 638 to stop running immediately, realizing overload protection and preventing overload damage to the workpiece or equipment.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A turning and grinding composite CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces, comprising a bed (1), a spindle box (2), a chuck fixture (3), a saddle assembly (4), a turning assembly (5), and a grinding head assembly (6), wherein the spindle box (2) is fixedly disposed on one side of the horizontal bed (1), the chuck fixture (3) is disposed on the spindle box (2), the saddle assembly (4) is slidably disposed on the other side of the horizontal bed (1), the turning assembly (5) is disposed on the saddle assembly (4), and the grinding head assembly (6) is disposed on the saddle assembly (4) on the side of the turning assembly (5); Its features are: The grinding head assembly (6) includes a transverse movement mechanism (61), a vertical movement mechanism (62), and a grinding head (63). The transverse movement mechanism (61) is slidably mounted on the saddle assembly (4) and its sliding direction is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed (1). The vertical movement mechanism (62) is slidably mounted on the transverse movement mechanism (61) and its sliding direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail on the bed (1). The grinding head (63) is mounted on the vertical movement mechanism (62) and extends toward the chuck fixture (3). The grinding head (63) is equipped with a main motor (638) that drives the grinding head (634) to rotate.

2. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse movement mechanism (61) includes a transverse base plate (611), a first transverse guide rail (612), a second transverse guide rail (613), a top block I (614), a guide post I (615), a spring I (616), a guide sleeve I (617), an adjusting screw I (618), and a top block II (619). The first transverse guide rail (612) and the second transverse guide rail (613) are fixed parallel to each other on the saddle assembly (4). The top block I (614) and the top block II (619) are respectively located at both ends between the first transverse guide rail (612) and the second transverse guide rail (613). The top block II (619) is fixedly connected to the saddle assembly (4). The top block I (614) The transverse base plate (611) is fixedly connected to the transverse base plate (611), which is slidably disposed on the first transverse guide rail (612) and the second transverse guide rail (613). Multiple guide posts I (615) extending toward the top block I (614) are fixedly disposed on the top block II (619) at intervals. The spring I (616) is movably sleeved on the guide post I (615), and the guide sleeve I (617) is movably sleeved on the spring I (616). Multiple adjusting screws I (618) corresponding to the guide post I (615) are threadedly connected to the top block I (614). The end face of the adjusting screw I (618) away from the top block I (614) abuts against the corresponding spring I (616).

3. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical movement mechanism (62) includes a vertical movement base plate (621), a first vertical movement guide rail (622), a second vertical movement guide rail (623), a top block III (624), a guide post II (625), a spring II (626), a guide sleeve II (627), an adjusting screw II (628), and a top block IV (629). The first vertical movement guide rail (622) and the second vertical movement guide rail (623) are fixed parallel to each other on the horizontal movement base plate (611) and perpendicular to the extension direction of the first horizontal movement guide rail (612). The top block III (624) and the top block IV (629) are respectively disposed at both ends between the first vertical movement guide rail (622) and the second vertical movement guide rail (623). The top block IV (629) is fixedly connected to the horizontal movement base plate (611). Block III (624) is fixedly connected to the vertical sliding base plate (621). The vertical sliding base plate (621) is slidably disposed on the first vertical sliding guide rail (622) and the second vertical sliding guide rail (623). Multiple guide posts II (625) extending toward the top block III (624) are fixedly disposed on the top block IV (629) at intervals. The spring II (626) is movably sleeved on the guide post II (625). The guide sleeve II (627) is movably sleeved on the spring II (626). Multiple adjusting screws II (628) corresponding to the guide post II (625) are threadedly connected to the top block III (624). The end face of the adjusting screw II (628) away from the top block III (624) abuts against the corresponding spring II (626).

4. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The grinding head (63) includes a grinding rod (635), a tool holder (636), and a tool holder (637). The tool holder (637) is fixedly mounted on the vertical sliding base plate (621). One end of the tool holder (636) is detachably fixed to the tool holder (637), and the other end extends toward the chuck fixture (3). The main motor (638) is fixed to one side of the tool holder (637). The grinding rod (635) is rotatably mounted inside the tool holder (636), and one end away from the tool holder (637) extends out of the end face of the tool holder (636). The grinding head (634) is fixedly mounted on the grinding rod (635) extending out of the end face of the tool holder (636). The grinding rod (635) is driven connected to the drive shaft of the main motor (638).

5. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The saddle assembly (4) is provided with a transverse drive for driving the transverse base plate (611), and the transverse base plate (611) is provided with a vertical drive for driving the vertical base plate (621).

6. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grinding head (63) also includes a bullseye wheel (631), an adjusting block I (632), and an adjusting block II (633). The grinding rod (635) is located on the side of the tool bar (636) near the main motor (638). The adjusting blocks I (632) and II (633) are respectively adjustable at intervals on the end face of the tool bar (636) away from the tool holder (637). The adjusting blocks I (632) and II (633) are respectively fixedly provided with bullseye wheels (631) that can abut against the inner wall of thin-walled brittle workpieces.

7. The turning and grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjusting block I (632) and adjusting block II (633) are respectively provided with waist-shaped holes, and the adjusting block I (632) and adjusting block II (633) are respectively connected by screws passing through the corresponding waist-shaped holes and the screw holes on the end face of the tool bar (636).

8. The turning-grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The chuck fixture (3) includes jaws (31), a chuck jaw (32), an inner chuck plate (33), and a rubber plate (34). Multiple jaws (31) are evenly distributed on the chuck fixture (3). The chuck jaw (32) is fixedly disposed on the inner side wall of the jaw (31). The inner side of the chuck jaw (32) away from the jaw (31) is provided with a groove surface. The inner chuck plate (33) is an arc-shaped plate and is fixedly disposed on the groove surface of the chuck jaw (32). The rubber plate (34) is fitted onto the inner arc surface of the inner chuck plate (33).

9. The turning-grinding combined CNC machine tool for machining thin-walled brittle workpieces according to claim 8, characterized in that: The claw (32) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the claw (31) by screws, the inner plate (33) is fixedly connected to the groove surface of the claw (32) by screws, and the rubber plate (34) is adhered to the inner arc surface of the inner plate (33).

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