Flat sheet membrane filtration unit and membrane tower

Abstract

The utility model relates to water treatment technical field, more particularly to flat plate membrane filtration unit and membrane tower, include: shell structure, the shell structure includes mutually splicing apposition a pair of first plate body and a pair of second plate body, the first plate body is along first direction arrangement, the second plate body is along second direction arrangement, first direction and second direction vertical, wherein, the first plate body and second plate body are connected through fixed pin and constitute frame structure. The application is from the plate body splicing of module unit inside, to the installation sealing of flat plate membrane, again to the functional unit stacking of whole membrane tower, all adopt mechanical connection and physical sealing such as sealing ring, plug-in sealing mode, to avoid the problem that the glue aging leaks, pollutes water quality, make product more environmental protection, more durable, and convenient for later dismounting and maintenance, through unified plug-in locking structure and internal waterway interface, realize the free combination and arbitrary plug of filtration unit, aeration unit, spraying unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water treatment technology, and more specifically to a flat sheet membrane filtration unit and a membrane tower. Background Technology

[0002] Flat-sheet membrane separation technology, as a highly efficient water treatment method, has been widely used in municipal sewage, industrial wastewater and other fields. Current membrane housing structures are mostly integrated or employ a fixed number of layers. Each filtration unit contains multiple flat-sheet membranes, and adjacent filtration units are interconnected, allowing the purified water filtered by the flat-sheet membranes to be connected to the pumping system through interconnected purified water channels.

[0003] The structure of this membrane stack or membrane tower is fixed at the factory and cannot adapt to changes in filtration efficiency after changes in water quality. Furthermore, the adhesive used between the membrane shells gradually ages after being soaked in sewage and strong chemical cleaning agents for a long time, causing the raw water and product water to cross-contaminate and the system to fail. At the same time, the potential secondary pollution of the effluent water caused by the adhesive components dissolved from the adhesive is also a hidden danger that cannot be ignored.

[0004] Based on the above, there is an urgent need in this field for a novel flat-sheet membrane system architecture to address the issues of system rigidity and environmental hazards. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the technical problems existing in prior art flat sheet membrane filtration devices, the first aspect of this utility model proposes a technical solution: a flat sheet membrane filtration unit, comprising:

[0006] The outer shell structure includes a pair of first plates and a pair of second plates that are spliced ​​together. The first plates are arranged along a first direction, and the second plates are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular. The first plates and the second plates are connected by fixing pins to form a frame structure. The fixing pins are arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

[0007] The first plate and the second plate are provided with a sealing ring at their mating surfaces. When the first plate and the second plate are spliced ​​together, they form a sealed state. The inner side of the outer shell structure is provided with multiple flat membranes. The inner sidewall of the first plate is provided with a membrane sleeve for mating with the flat membranes. The first plate and the second plate are provided with flow channels that communicate with the membrane sleeves, so that water filtered by the flat membranes can permeate into the flow channels.

[0008] Preferably, the flow channel includes a first portion disposed in the first plate and a second portion disposed in the second plate, wherein the first portion of the flow channel includes:

[0009] Corresponding to the water inlet holes distributed in each of the membrane sleeves;

[0010] A transverse water collection channel connecting all water inlets;

[0011] The second part of the flow channel includes a vertical water collection channel that connects to the horizontal water collection channel;

[0012] Water filtered by the flat sheet membrane flows sequentially through the membrane sleeve, inlet hole, horizontal water collection channel and vertical water collection channel in the flow channel.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the first plate is provided with a lower connecting groove, and the upper part of the first plate is provided with an upper connecting pipe. The lower connecting groove is configured to match the upper connecting pipe. When the two first plates are stacked on top of each other, the upper connecting pipe can be inserted into the lower connecting groove and sealed, so that the vertical water collection channels of the two first plates are interconnected.

[0014] Preferably, the first plate has a first limiting structure at both ends, and the second plate has a second limiting structure at both ends. The fixing pin is connected to both the first limiting structure and the second limiting structure along a third direction, so that the first plate and the second plate cannot be separated from each other along the first direction or the second direction.

[0015] Preferably, the four corners of the outer shell structure are provided with plug-in locking structures, the plug-in locking structures comprising:

[0016] A slot is provided at the bottom of the outer casing structure;

[0017] A locking block is provided on the top of the outer casing structure;

[0018] Lateral locating pin;

[0019] The card block can be inserted into the card slot along a third direction and is fixed by the transverse positioning pin perpendicular to the third direction.

[0020] Preferably, the locking block includes a first locking block disposed on the first plate and a second locking block disposed on the second plate. The side walls of the first locking block and the second locking block are provided with positioning pin holes, and the side wall of the slot is provided with positioning pin limiting holes. The transverse positioning pin passes through the positioning pin limiting holes and the positioning pin holes in sequence. When the transverse positioning pin is operated to rotate around its own axis by a predetermined angle, it remains relatively fixed with the positioning pin holes, so that the locking block and the slot are locked together.

[0021] The second aspect of this utility model provides a technical solution: a membrane tower, comprising:

[0022] Multiple of the above-mentioned flat sheet membrane filtration units can be spliced ​​together longitudinally to form a multi-layer filtration assembly.

[0023] At least one spray unit is detachably connected above any of the multilayer filter components and is used to spray to clean the deposits on the surface of the flat sheet membrane in the multilayer filter component.

[0024] At least one aeration unit is disposed at the bottom of the multilayer filter assembly for generating bubbles to clean the deposits on the surface of the flat sheet membrane in the multilayer filter assembly.

[0025] The water collection unit is connected to the topmost flat sheet membrane filter unit;

[0026] In this system, any two adjacent functional units are connected by a plug-in locking structure, and each functional unit is equipped with a vertical water collection channel, so that the vertical waterway can be connected after all functional units are connected.

[0027] Preferably, the aeration unit includes an aeration pipe fixing structure and an aeration pipe. The aeration pipe fixing structure is provided with a pipe clamp for accommodating and fixing the aeration pipe, and the aeration pipe is connected to an aeration pump.

[0028] Preferably, the spray unit includes a spray pipe connected to a spray pump, and the spray pipe is provided with a plurality of jet holes arranged toward the flat membrane.

[0029] Preferably, the water collection unit includes a water outlet pipe, and a pressure-reducing structure is provided between the water outlet pipe and the vertical water collection channel.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0031] From the splicing of the plates inside the module units to the installation and sealing of the flat sheet membrane, and then to the stacking of the functional units of the entire membrane tower, this application adopts mechanical connections and physical seals such as sealing rings and plug-in seals to avoid problems such as glue aging and leakage, water pollution, making the product more environmentally friendly, more durable, and easier to disassemble and maintain later. Through a unified plug-in locking structure and internal water interface, the filter unit, aeration unit, and spray unit can be freely combined and arbitrarily plugged in and out. Users can flexibly configure the structure of the membrane tower according to specific water quality and treatment needs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in the various figures may be denoted by the same reference numeral. For clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water treatment state of the membrane tower placed in the water tank according to this utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane tower shown in this utility model;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal distribution of the functional units shown in this utility model in the membrane tower;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flat sheet membrane filtration unit and the water collection unit shown in this utility model;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flat sheet membrane filtration unit and the aeration unit shown in this utility model;

[0038] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Top view;

[0039] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To better understand the technical content of this utility model, specific embodiments are provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this utility model proposes a membrane tower 200, which includes multiple flat sheet membrane filtration units 210, at least one spray unit 220, at least one aeration unit 230, and a water collection unit 240.

[0042] The membrane tower 200 is placed in a water tank 100 containing wastewater to be treated, with the highest water level 101 of the wastewater submerging the entire membrane tower 200.

[0043] Among them, the core filtration component of the membrane tower 200 is a multi-layer filtration component consisting of multiple flat sheet membrane filtration units 210 spliced ​​together longitudinally.

[0044] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the spray unit 220 can be interleaved between any two flat sheet membrane filter units 210. Its purpose is to clean the flat sheet membrane filter units 210 regularly in order to maintain their high-efficiency filtration capacity.

[0045] Specifically, the spray unit 220 includes a spray pipe 243, which is connected to the spray pump 120. The spray pipe 243 is provided with multiple jet holes, which are arranged in the direction of the flat membrane 260.

[0046] Furthermore, the aeration unit 230 can be installed at the bottom of multiple flat sheet membrane filter units 210, and cleans the surface of the multiple flat sheet membrane filter units 210 by generating aeration bubbles. It should be understood that, except for the very bottom layer, the aeration unit 230 can also be interspersed at the bottom of any layer of flat sheet membrane filter units 210.

[0047] Specifically, the aeration unit 230 includes an aeration pipe fixing structure 231 and an aeration pipe 232. The aeration pipe fixing structure 231 is provided with a pipe clamp for accommodating and fixing the aeration pipe 232, and the aeration pipe 232 is connected to the aeration pump 110.

[0048] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the flat sheet membrane filtration unit 210 includes a housing structure 211 and a plurality of parallel flat sheet membranes 260 disposed within the housing structure 211.

[0049] Among them, the flat sheet membrane is preferably a silicon carbide flat sheet membrane. Silicon carbide material has extremely high chemical stability, mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, making it particularly suitable for harsh wastewater treatment environments with high acidity and alkalinity and high organic matter concentration. The surface of the silicon carbide flat sheet membrane is densely covered with micropores, which can achieve efficient solid-liquid separation under pressure difference. It has strong hydrophilicity, high flux and is easy to clean and restore.

[0050] In other embodiments, the flat sheet membrane may also be selected as a flat sheet filter membrane made of other ceramic or polymer materials.

[0051] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer shell structure 211 includes a pair of first plates 2111 and a pair of second plates 2112 that are spliced ​​and joined together. The first plates 2111 are arranged along a first direction, and the second plates 2112 are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular. The first plates 2111 and the second plates 2112 are connected by fixing pins to form a frame structure. The fixing pins are arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

[0052] Specifically, two first plates 2111 are arranged in parallel along a first direction, and two second plates 2112 are arranged in parallel along a second direction. The first plates 2111 and the second plates 2112 form a quadrilateral structure, and multiple flat membranes 260 are connected to the inner walls of the two first plates 2111.

[0053] The mating surfaces of the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 are provided with sealing rings, which form a sealed state when the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 are spliced ​​together.

[0054] As described above, the outer shell structure 211 is formed by splicing the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 together with fixing pins, realizing fully modular and glue-free assembly, eliminating the risk of leakage and water pollution caused by glue aging and chemical corrosion, making the product more environmentally friendly and with a longer service life. In addition, this detachable design can provide great convenience for subsequent maintenance and component replacement.

[0055] Furthermore, the inner wall of the first plate 2111 is provided with a membrane sleeve 211a for docking with the flat sheet membrane 260, and the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 are provided with flow channels communicating with the membrane sleeve 211a, so that water filtered by the flat sheet membrane 260 can permeate into the flow channels.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the arrangement direction of the flat sheet membrane 260 is the second direction, and the two first plates 2111 are perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the flat sheet membrane 260. When the two first plates 2111 approach each other and press the flat sheet membrane 260 together, the sealing between the flat sheet membrane 260 and the membrane sleeve 211a can be achieved through the sealing ring.

[0057] As described above, the flat membrane 260 is sealed to the first plate 2111 through the membrane sleeves 211a at both ends, which can realize the independent sealing and quick assembly and disassembly of a single membrane element. Each membrane sleeve 211a can be equipped with an independent O-ring seal. When the first plate 2111 is pressed under the action of the fixing pin, a reliable end face seal can be formed.

[0058] Furthermore, in combination Figure 4 , 5 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the flow channel includes a first portion disposed in the first plate 2111 and a second portion disposed in the second plate 2112. The first portion of the flow channel includes:

[0059] The water inlet holes 211b are distributed corresponding to each membrane sleeve 211a;

[0060] A transverse water collection channel 211c connecting all water inlets 211b;

[0061] The second flow channel includes a vertical water collection channel 211d that connects to the horizontal water collection channel 211c.

[0062] Thus, the water filtered by the flat sheet membrane 260 flows sequentially through the membrane sleeve 211a, the inlet hole 211b, the horizontal water collection channel 211c, and the vertical water collection channel 211d in the flow channel.

[0063] Understandably, the flow channel structure integrates the water collection function inside the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112, forming a confluence network consisting of membrane sleeve 211a, water inlet 211b, horizontal water collection channel 211c, and vertical water collection channel 211d. This eliminates the need for complex external water collection pipelines, as all produced water is collected within the unit. This results in low water flow resistance, which helps reduce filtration energy consumption. Furthermore, the automatic and seamless connection of the water production routes between the upper and lower units is achieved through the insertion of the upper connecting pipe 217 and the lower connecting groove 212. When stacked into a tower, a continuous main water collection channel is automatically formed, making installation convenient and sealing reliable.

[0064] Furthermore, the bottom of the first plate 2111 is provided with a lower connecting groove 212, and the upper part of the first plate 2111 is provided with an upper connecting pipe 217. The lower connecting groove 212 is configured to match the upper connecting pipe 217.

[0065] Thus, when the two first plates 2111 are stacked one on top of the other, the upper connecting pipe 217 can be inserted into the lower connecting groove 212 and sealed, so that the vertical water collection channels 211d of the two first plates 2111 are interconnected.

[0066] Therefore, when multiple flat sheet membrane filter units 210 are stacked longitudinally, the vertical water collection channels 211d of all flat sheet membrane filter units 210 are interconnected, that is, the water filtered by the flat sheet membranes 260 in all flat sheet membrane filter units 210 is eventually collected into one channel and pumped away.

[0067] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first plate 2111 has a first limiting structure 2113 at both ends, and the second plate 2112 has a second limiting structure 2114 at both ends. The fixing pin is connected to the first limiting structure 2113 and the second limiting structure 2114 along the third direction, so that the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 cannot be separated from each other along the first direction or the second direction.

[0068] The first limiting structure 2113 is provided with an arc-shaped groove, and the second limiting structure 2114 is provided with an insertion hole.

[0069] Thus, when the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 are spliced ​​together, the first limiting structure 2113 and the second limiting structure 2114 are stacked together in an alternating manner. After the fixing pin is inserted into the socket along the vertical (third direction) arc groove, the rigidity of the fixing pin is used to fix the first limiting structure 2113 and the second limiting structure 2114 together, especially pressing the inner first limiting structure 2113, that is, the first plate 2111 and the second plate 2112 are in close contact. The purpose is to press the multiple flat films 260 between the two first plates 2111.

[0070] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the interconnection between multiple modules, each module's outer shell structure 211 is provided with a plug-in locking structure 250 at the four corners.

[0071] Optionally, the plug-in locking structure 250 includes a slot 213 disposed at the bottom of the housing structure 211, a block 215 disposed at the top of the housing structure 211, and a lateral positioning pin.

[0072] The card block 215 can be inserted into the card slot 213 along the third direction and is fixed by a lateral positioning pin that is perpendicular to the third direction.

[0073] Furthermore, the locking block 215 includes a first locking block disposed on the first plate 2111 and a second locking block disposed on the second plate 2112. The side walls of the first locking block and the second locking block are provided with positioning pin holes 216, and the side wall of the slot 213 is provided with positioning pin limiting holes 214. The transverse positioning pin passes through the positioning pin limiting holes 214 and the positioning pin holes 216 in sequence. When the transverse positioning pin is operated to rotate around its own axis by a predetermined angle, it remains relatively fixed with the positioning pin holes 216, so that the locking block 215 and the slot 213 are locked together.

[0074] Specifically, when the upper and lower modules are connected to each other, the first and second locking blocks of the lower module are inserted into a positioning pin hole 216. At this time, the upper connecting pipe 217 can be inserted into the lower connecting groove 212 and sealed, so that the vertical water collection channels 211d of the two first plates 2111 are connected to each other. In order to maintain this sealing state, the horizontal positioning pin is inserted into the positioning pin limiting hole 214 and the positioning pin hole 216 and rotated to lock. Each module is locked by four horizontal positioning pins.

[0075] In this way, the cooperation between the card block and the card slot realizes the initial positioning of the upper and lower units and the vertical limit, ensuring alignment accuracy. The insertion and rotation locking of the horizontal positioning pin provides horizontal locking force, effectively preventing loosening that may occur between layers due to water flow or vibration during operation.

[0076] Furthermore, the upper part of the second plate 2112 is provided with an auxiliary positioning block 218, and the lower part is provided with an auxiliary slot. When the upper and lower modules are engaged with each other, the auxiliary positioning block 218 is inserted into the auxiliary slot.

[0077] Furthermore, at least one spray unit 220 is detachably connected above any one of the multilayer filter components and is used to spray to clean the deposits on the surface of the flat sheet membrane 260 in the multilayer filter component, and at least one aeration unit 230 is disposed at the bottom of the multilayer filter component to generate bubbles to clean the deposits on the surface of the flat sheet membrane 260 in the multilayer filter component.

[0078] Thus, the spray unit 220 and aeration unit 230 can be designed to meet the needs of different cleaning capabilities.

[0079] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the water collection unit 240 is connected to the uppermost flat sheet membrane filter unit 210.

[0080] Optionally, the water collection unit 240 and the spray unit 220 can be arranged as a combined module on top of all the flat sheet membrane filtration units 210, including the water inlet channel 241, the pipe support frame 242, the spray pipe 243, the water outlet pipe 244, and the pressure reducing structure 245.

[0081] The water supply channel 241 is connected to the vertical water collection channel 211d below, the pressure reducing structure 245 is connected to the water supply channel 241, the water outlet pipe 244 is connected to the pressure reducing structure 245, the spray pipe 243 is isolated from the above structures and is set independently, and the pipe support frame 242 is used to support the spray pipe 243.

[0082] As mentioned above, any two adjacent functional units are connected by a plug-in locking structure, and each functional unit is provided with a vertical water collection channel 211d, so that the vertical waterway can be connected after all functional units are connected.

[0083] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A flat sheet membrane filtration unit, characterized in that, include: The outer shell structure (211) includes a pair of first plates (2111) and a pair of second plates (2112) that are spliced ​​together. The first plates (2111) are arranged along a first direction, and the second plates (2112) are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The first plates (2111) and the second plates (2112) are connected by fixing pins to form a frame structure. The fixing pins are arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The mating surfaces of the first plate (2111) and the second plate (2112) are provided with sealing rings. When the first plate (2111) and the second plate (2112) are spliced ​​together, they form a sealed state. The inner side of the outer shell structure (211) is provided with multiple flat membranes (260). The inner wall of the first plate (2111) is provided with a membrane sleeve (211a) for docking with the flat membranes (260). The first plate (2111) and the second plate (2112) are provided with flow channels that communicate with the membrane sleeve (211a), so that water filtered by the flat membranes (260) can permeate into the flow channels.

2. The flat sheet membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow channel includes a first portion disposed in the first plate (2111) and a second portion disposed in the second plate (2112), wherein the first portion of the flow channel includes: Corresponding to the water inlet holes (211b) distributed for each of the membrane sleeves (211a); A transverse water collection channel (211c) connecting all water inlets (211b); The second part of the flow channel includes a vertical water collection channel (211d) that connects to the horizontal water collection channel (211c). Water filtered by the flat sheet membrane (260) flows sequentially through the membrane sleeve (211a), water inlet (211b), horizontal water collection channel (211c) and vertical water collection channel (211d) in the flow channel.

3. The flat sheet membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the first plate (2111) is provided with a lower connecting groove (212), and the upper part of the first plate (2111) is provided with an upper connecting pipe (217). The lower connecting groove (212) is configured to match the upper connecting pipe (217). When the two first plates (2111) are stacked on top of each other, the upper connecting pipe (217) can be inserted into the lower connecting groove (212) and sealed, so that the vertical water collection channels (211d) of the two first plates (2111) are interconnected.

4. The flat sheet membrane filtration unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first plate (2111) has a first limiting structure (2113) at both ends, and the second plate (2112) has a second limiting structure (2114) at both ends. The fixing pin is connected to the first limiting structure (2113) and the second limiting structure (2114) in a third direction, so that the first plate (2111) and the second plate (2112) cannot be separated from each other in the first direction or the second direction.

5. The flat sheet membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell structure (211) is provided with a plug-in locking structure (250) at each of its four corners. The plug-in locking structure (250) includes: The slot (213) is provided at the bottom of the outer shell structure (211); A locking block (215) is provided on the top of the outer shell structure (211); Lateral locating pin; The card block (215) can be inserted into the card slot (213) along the third direction and is fixed by the transverse positioning pin that is inserted perpendicular to the third direction.

6. The flat sheet membrane filtration unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking block (215) includes a first locking block disposed on the first plate (2111) and a second locking block disposed on the second plate (2112). The side walls of the first locking block and the second locking block are provided with positioning pin holes (216). The side wall of the slot (213) is provided with positioning pin limiting holes (214). The transverse positioning pin passes through the positioning pin limiting hole (214) and the positioning pin hole (216) in sequence. When the transverse positioning pin is operated to rotate around its own axis by a predetermined angle, it remains relatively fixed with the positioning pin hole (216), so that the locking block (215) and the slot (213) are locked.

7. A membrane tower, characterized in that, include: The flat sheet membrane filtration unit (210) according to any one of claims 1-6 can be spliced ​​together in the longitudinal direction to form a multi-layer filtration assembly; At least one spray unit (220) is detachably connected above any of the multilayer filter components and is used to spray to clean the adhering material on the surface of the flat sheet membrane (260) in the multilayer filter component. At least one aeration unit (230) is disposed at the bottom of the multilayer filter assembly for generating bubbles to clean the deposits on the surface of the flat sheet membrane (260) in the multilayer filter assembly; The water collection unit (240) is connected to the uppermost flat sheet membrane filter unit (210). In this system, any two adjacent functional units are connected by a plug-in locking structure, and each functional unit is equipped with a vertical water collection channel (211d), so that the vertical waterway can be connected after all functional units are connected.

8. The membrane tower according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aeration unit (230) includes an aeration pipe fixing structure (231) and an aeration pipe (232). The aeration pipe fixing structure (231) is provided with a pipe clamp for accommodating and fixing the aeration pipe (232). The aeration pipe (232) is connected to an aeration pump (110).

9. The membrane tower according to claim 7, characterized in that, The spray unit (220) includes a spray pipe (243) connected to a spray pump (120). The spray pipe (243) is provided with a plurality of jet holes, which are arranged toward the flat membrane (260).

10. The membrane tower according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water collection unit (240) includes a water outlet pipe, and a pressure reducing structure is provided between the water outlet pipe and the vertical water collection channel (211d).

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