High efficiency three-dimensional wetland system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of efficient three-dimensional wetland systems, it is related to water resource management technical field, to solve the problem that traditional plane artificial wetland is difficult to promote due to large floor area, restricted by land resource scarcity. The system includes vertically arranged water inlet and water outlet passage, multi-layer horizontal support steel structure, and wetland unit and filter cell unit installed on steel structure, water inlet passage input end is equipped with filter unit, and wetland unit contains parallel vertical and horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit. The system realizes the three-dimensional stacking of wetland and filter cell unit by multi-layer steel structure, greatly reduces floor area;Wetland unit operating mode can be switched according to water inflow, and the purification effect is strengthened by cooperating with aeration water distribution pipe, reflux plate and other structures. It is adapted to land shortage scene while ensuring the same processing area, and the purification efficiency is better than traditional wetland, suitable for urban sewage, rainwater and plateau lake management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wetland system technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands, with their outstanding advantages of low cost, high treatment efficiency, and good environmental benefits, have become one of the mainstream technologies for the purification and treatment of domestic sewage and rainwater, and are widely used in the field of water resource management. The purification efficiency of wetlands is significantly positively correlated with their effective treatment area, and sufficient land area is a fundamental condition for ensuring their treatment capacity. However, with the accelerated pace of urbanization, land resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and the space available for wetland construction in and around urban core areas is continuously shrinking. The contradiction between the large land area required for traditional planar layout wetland systems and the tight urban land resources is becoming increasingly prominent, severely limiting their widespread application in urban water management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that the scarcity of land resources restricts the development of artificial wetlands.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system, including a vertically arranged inlet channel and an outlet channel, a transverse support steel structure connected in series on the inlet channel and the outlet channel, the transverse support steel structure having several layers arranged in the vertical direction, wetland units and filter units installed on the transverse support steel structure, the inlet end of the wetland unit being connected to the inlet channel, the outlet end of the wetland unit being connected to the filter unit, the outlet end of the filter unit being connected to the outlet channel, and a filter unit being installed at the input end of the inlet channel.

[0005] Preferably, the wetland unit includes a vertical subsurface flow wetland unit and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit, which are connected in parallel at the inlet end of the filter unit and are switched according to the inlet flow rate.

[0006] Preferably, the vertical subsurface flow wetland unit includes a first inlet connected to the bottom of the pool and a first sand layer, a first soil layer, a lightweight material support layer and a plant layer arranged sequentially from the bottom of the pool to the top, and a first outlet pipe connected to the top of the pool.

[0007] Preferably, an aeration water pipe is fixed at the bottom of the pool body. The aeration water pipe includes a main pipe and several branch pipes connected in series on the main pipe. The main pipe of the aeration water pipe is connected to the first water inlet, and the branch pipes are arranged along the length of the pool body.

[0008] Preferably, a backwash outlet is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pool body, and the backwash outlet is located on one side of the lightweight material support layer.

[0009] Preferably, the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit includes a pool body, a second inlet connected to the bottom of the pool body, a second sand layer arranged in the middle of the pool body, and a second outlet connected to the middle of the pool body. A return flow plate is provided between the bottom of the pool body and the second sand layer. The return flow plates are staggered at the bottom of the pool body and the bottom of the second sand layer, so that the water flowing through the bottom of the pool body flows in an S-shape.

[0010] Preferably, the sidewall of the return plate is covered with an elastic material, on which microorganisms are attached, and a soil layer is provided on top of the second sand layer, with emergent plants planted in the soil layer.

[0011] Preferably, the filter unit includes a pool body, a third inlet connected to the bottom of the pool body, a third sand layer and a filter media layer arranged from bottom to top in the pool body, and a third outlet connected to the top of the pool body. The third outlet is connected to a perforated water distribution pipe, which is located at the bottom of the third sand layer.

[0012] Preferably, both the third sand layer and the filter media layer are arranged using cylindrical packing frames. The surface of the packing frame is provided with a filter screen, the pore size of which is smaller than the particle size of the sand and filter media. A cover plate is provided on the top of the packing frame, one side of which is hinged to the packing frame and the other side is provided with a locking structure.

[0013] Preferably, the inlet channel and outlet channel are located in the middle of the transverse support steel structure, the wetland unit and filter unit are evenly distributed along the center of the transverse support steel structure, the outlet end of the filter unit is connected to a drainage weir, the drainage weir is arranged at the edge of the transverse support steel structure, and several branch pipes are connected to the drainage weir and connected to the outlet channel through the branch pipes.

[0014] This invention provides a highly efficient three-dimensional wetland system with the following beneficial effects.

[0015] 1. By using vertically arranged inlet and outlet channels, coupled with multi-layered horizontally supporting steel structures, wetland units and filter units are installed in layers along the vertical direction, achieving a three-dimensional stacking of wetland functional areas. Compared to traditional planar wetlands, this method reduces the land area while ensuring the same effective treatment area, effectively adapting to scenarios with scarce land resources such as urban core areas and high-altitude plateaus, fundamentally solving the core problem of land scarcity restricting the development of artificial wetlands.

[0016] 2. The system integrates vertical and horizontal subsurface flow wetland units in parallel, allowing for flexible switching of operating modes based on influent flow rate. During high flow rates, the vertical subsurface flow wetland unit activates to increase the treatment load, while the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit operates at low flow rates to reduce energy consumption. The vertical subsurface flow unit enhances oxygen transfer through bottom aeration distribution pipes, promoting the activity of aerobic microorganisms; the horizontal subsurface flow unit utilizes staggered return plates to form an S-shaped water flow path, extending the hydraulic retention time. Combined with microorganisms attached to the elastic material of the return plates, this achieves efficient degradation of pollutants, ensuring superior purification efficiency compared to traditional planar wetlands due to its three-dimensional layout. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical subsurface flow wetland unit of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter unit of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sand layer and filter media layer in the filter unit of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a distribution diagram of wetland units in the horizontal structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the aeration water distribution pipe of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Horizontal supporting steel structure; 2. Water inlet channel; 3. Filtration unit; 4. Wetland unit; 5. Filter tank unit; 4a. Vertical subsurface flow wetland unit; 401. First water inlet; 402. Aeration distribution pipe; 403. First sand layer; 404. First soil layer; 405. Plant layer; 406. First water outlet pipe; 407. Backwash outlet; 408. Lightweight material; 4b. Horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit; 410. Second inlet; 411. Return plate; 412. Second sand layer; 413. Second outlet; 5. Filter unit; 500. Third inlet; 501. Perforated water distribution main pipe; 502. Third sand layer; 503. Filter media layer; 504. Third outlet; 6. Water outlet channel. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figures 1 to 7As shown. This utility model proposes a high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system, including a vertically arranged inlet channel 2 and outlet channel 6, a transverse support steel structure 1 connected in series on the inlet channel 2 and outlet channel 6, the transverse support steel structure 1 having several layers arranged vertically, wetland units 4 and filter units 5 installed on the transverse support steel structure 1, the inlet end of the wetland unit 4 connected to the inlet channel 2, the outlet end connected to the filter unit 5, the outlet end of the filter unit 5 connected to the outlet channel 6, and a filter unit 3 installed at the input end of the inlet channel 2.

[0026] The transverse support steel structure 1 is made of Q235 steel and is arranged in 3 layers at 1.5m intervals along the vertical direction. The bearing surface of each layer is treated with anti-corrosion to ensure the stability of the support. The wetland unit 4 and the filter unit 5 are evenly distributed radially along the center of the transverse support steel structure 1. The two can be flexibly combined according to the raw water quality, water quantity and purification target to achieve an optimal balance between purification efficiency and operating cost.

[0027] Before entering the system, external water needs to be introduced into a storage tank (not shown in the diagram) for storage. After the water has been fully mixed and settled, it enters the subsequent treatment stage. The inlet flange of the inlet channel 2 is connected to the filter unit 3. The filter unit 3 is filled with a composite filter media of gravel and biochar. Suspended solids in the inlet water are removed by the synergistic effect of biochar adsorption and gravel interception, which can significantly reduce the risk of clogging of wetland unit 4 and the probability of frequent backwashing. The outlet of the filter unit 5 is connected to the drainage weir. The drainage weir is arranged around the edge of the transverse supporting steel structure 1. Each layer of drainage pipe is integrated into the outlet channel 6. After treatment, the water is collected by the drainage weir and discharged in an orderly manner through the outlet channel 6.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown. The wetland unit 4 includes a vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b. The vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b are connected in parallel at the inlet end of the filter unit 5 and are switched according to the inlet flow rate. The vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b are connected to the inlet end of the filter unit 5 through a three-way valve. When the inlet flow rate is small and the pollutant load is not high, the combination of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b and the filter unit 5 is selected. When the inlet flow rate is large and the pollutant load is high, the combination of the vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a and the filter unit 5 is switched.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown. The vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a includes a first inlet 401 connected to the bottom of the pool, and a first sand layer 403, a first soil layer 404, a lightweight material support layer 408, and a plant layer 405 arranged sequentially from bottom to top of the pool. A first outlet pipe 406 is connected to the top of the pool. The pool is constructed of C30 concrete, with the first inlet 401 located on one side of the bottom. The backwash pipe 402 consists of a DN50 main pipe and four branch pipes, which are spaced apart along the length of the pool. External water is transported to each layer of the vertical subsurface flow wetland unit 4a through a multi-stage drainage pipe in the inlet channel 2 under the coordinated action of a booster pump and a variable frequency pump, achieving precise water distribution. The first sand layer 403, the first soil layer 404, the lightweight material support layer 408, and the plant layer 405 are laid sequentially from bottom to top in the pool, which can effectively remove pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand from the water. A first outlet pipe 406 is located on one side of the top of the pool.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, to achieve uniform water distribution, an aeration water distribution pipe 402 is fixed at the bottom of the pool. The aeration water distribution pipe 402 includes a main pipe and several branch pipes connected in series with the main pipe. The main pipe of the aeration water distribution pipe 402 is connected to the first water inlet 401, and the branch pipes are arranged along the length of the pool.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown. A backwash outlet 407 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pool body, and the backwash outlet 407 is located on one side of the lightweight material support layer 408. During backwashing, the backwash water flows out from the backwash outlet 407, flows back to the inlet of the filter unit 3 through a dedicated pipeline, mixes with the external water, and re-enters the purification process, thereby improving water resource utilization.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown. The horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b includes a pool body, a second inlet 410 connected to the bottom of the pool body, a second sand layer 412 arranged in the middle of the pool body, and a second outlet 413 connected to the middle of the pool body. A return flow plate 411 is provided between the bottom of the pool body and the bottom of the second sand layer 412. The return flow plates 411 are staggered at the bottom of the pool body and the bottom of the second sand layer 412, so that the water flowing through the bottom of the pool body flows in an S-shape. The second inlet 410 is provided at the bottom, and the second outlet 413 is provided in the middle. The return flow plates 411 are arranged between the bottom of the pool body and the second sand layer 412. The return flow plates 411 are made of PVC material and are staggered along the length of the pool body, so that the water flow forms an S-shaped path, prolonging the hydraulic residence time and enhancing the purification effect. External water is transported to each layer of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit 4b through a multi-stage drainage pipe driven by a variable frequency pump to adapt to different flow requirements.

[0033] like Figure 3As shown. The sidewalls of the return plate 411 are covered with elastic material, on which microorganisms are attached. A soil layer is placed on top of the second sand layer 412, and emergent plants are planted in the soil layer. Elastic sponge material is attached to the water inlet side of the return plate 411, and the surface of the sponge is covered with a domesticated microbial film to enhance the biological treatment effect. A third soil layer is laid on top of the second sand layer 412 and emergent plants are planted, utilizing the interception and adsorption effect of the plant roots to achieve deep water treatment.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown. The filter unit 5 includes a tank body, a third inlet 500 connected to the bottom of the tank body, a third sand layer 502 and a filter media layer 503 arranged from bottom to top in the tank body, and a third outlet 504 connected to the top of the tank body. The third outlet 500 is connected to a perforated water distribution pipe 501, which is located at the bottom of the third sand layer 502. The third sand layer 502 and the filter media layer 503 are laid from bottom to top in the tank body. The mineral type of the filter media layer 503 can be flexibly selected according to the target pollutants. When removing heavy metals such as manganese, manganese ore with a manganese dioxide content of 35%-40% is selected; when performing deep denitrification, sulfur-containing bacterial agents coupled with sulfur autotrophic bacteria are selected to achieve precise targeted treatment.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure. Both the third sand layer 502 and the filter media layer 503 use cylindrical packing frames. A filter screen is installed on the surface of the packing frame, with a pore size smaller than the particle size of the sand and filter media. A cover plate is installed on the top of the packing frame, with one side hinged to the packing frame and the other side having a locking structure. Both the third sand layer 502 and the filter media layer 503 use a pull-out packing frame. The packing frame is designed as a flat cylindrical mesh frame adapted to the filter unit 5, with mesh pores smaller than the particle size of the sand and filter media to prevent packing loss. A mesh cap is hinged to the open side of the packing frame, with the cap shape matching the upper opening. After closing, it is locked in place by a locking structure (not shown in the figure), enabling rapid filling and replacement of the packing, and facilitating adjustment of the filter media type according to water quality changes. The locking structure consists of conventional ear plates and locking pins, with the locking pins passing through the ear plates for locking. The perforated water distribution pipe 501 is located at the bottom of the third sand layer 502. Water distribution holes are opened in the pipe wall. The backwash water source is provided by the branch of the water outlet channel 6 and enters the pool through the third water outlet pipe 504. The backwash water also flows back to the filter unit 3 for recycling.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown. The inlet channel 2 and outlet channel 6 are located in the middle of the transverse support steel structure 1. The wetland unit 4 and filter unit 5 are evenly distributed along the center of the transverse support steel structure 1. The outlet end of the filter unit 5 is connected to a drainage weir, which is arranged at the edge of the transverse support steel structure 1. Several branch pipes are connected to the drainage weir and are connected to the outlet channel 6 through the branch pipes. Multiple sets of wetland units 4 and filter units 5 can be evenly distributed around the center of a transverse support steel structure 1 to improve water treatment capacity.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system, characterized in that: It includes a vertically arranged inlet channel (2) and outlet channel (6), a transverse support steel structure (1) connected in series on the inlet channel (2) and outlet channel (6), the transverse support steel structure (1) has several layers arranged in the vertical direction, a wetland unit (4) and a filter unit (5) are installed on the transverse support steel structure (1), the inlet end of the wetland unit (4) is connected to the inlet channel (2), the outlet end is connected to the filter unit (5), the outlet end of the filter unit (5) is connected to the outlet channel (6), and a filter unit (3) is installed at the input end of the inlet channel (2).

2. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wetland unit (4) includes a vertical subsurface flow wetland unit (4a) and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit (4b). The vertical subsurface flow wetland unit (4a) and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit (4b) are connected in parallel at the inlet end of the filter unit (5) and are switched according to the inlet flow rate.

3. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical subsurface flow wetland unit (4a) includes a first inlet (401) connected to the bottom of the pool and a first sand layer (403), a first soil layer (404), a lightweight material support layer (408), and a plant layer (405) arranged sequentially from the bottom of the pool to the top. The top of the pool is connected to a first outlet pipe (406).

4. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: An aeration water pipe (402) is fixed at the bottom of the pool. The aeration water pipe (402) includes a main pipe and several branch pipes connected in series on the main pipe. The main pipe of the aeration water pipe (402) is connected to the first water inlet (401), and the branch pipes are arranged along the length of the pool.

5. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The side wall of the pool is fixedly connected to a backwash outlet (407), which is located on one side of the lightweight material support layer (408).

6. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal subsurface flow wetland unit (4b) includes a pool body, a second inlet (410) connected to the bottom of the pool body, a second sand layer (412) arranged in the middle of the pool body, and a second outlet (413) connected to the middle of the pool body. A return plate (411) is provided between the bottom of the pool body and the second sand layer (412). The return plates (411) are staggered at the bottom of the pool body and the bottom of the second sand layer (412), so that the water flowing through the bottom of the pool body flows in an S-shape.

7. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The sidewall of the reflux plate (411) is covered with elastic material, on which microorganisms are attached. A soil layer is provided on top of the second sand layer (412), and emergent plants are planted in the soil layer.

8. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The filter unit (5) includes a pool body, a third inlet (500) connected to the bottom of the pool body, a third sand layer (502) and a filter media layer (503) arranged from bottom to top in the pool body, and a third outlet (504) connected to the top of the pool body. The third outlet (504) is connected to a perforated water distribution pipe (501), which is located at the bottom of the third sand layer (502).

9. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The third sand layer (502) and the filter material layer (503) are both arranged using cylindrical packing frames. The surface of the packing frame is provided with a filter screen. The pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the particle size of the sand and filter material. A cover plate is provided on the top of the packing frame. One side of the cover plate is hinged to the packing frame, and the other side is provided with a locking structure.

10. The high-efficiency three-dimensional wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet channel (2) and outlet channel (6) are located in the middle of the transverse support steel structure (1). The wetland unit (4) and filter unit (5) are evenly distributed along the center of the transverse support steel structure (1). The outlet end of the filter unit (5) is connected to a drainage weir. The drainage weir is arranged at the edge of the transverse support steel structure (1). Several branch pipes are connected to the drainage weir and are connected to the outlet channel (6) through the branch pipes.

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