An integrated structure for ecological restoration of a river embankment water-facing surface

Abstract

The application relates to a river embankment water-facing surface ecological restoration integrated structure, which comprises a platform body, the top end of the platform body is provided with a soft cloth pad, shrub holes and tree hole are arranged at intervals at the top end of the platform body, ecological protection layers are arranged at the interval positions of the shrub holes and the tree holes at the top end of the platform body, the shaping structure of the platform body is continuously arranged along the river embankment water-facing surface, the soft cloth pads are uniformly distributed on the platform body, and the shrub holes and the tree holes are divided into n groups and uniformly distributed on the platform body. The application has the beneficial effects that the compaction of the gravel layer and the filling layer enhances the anti-collapse capacity of the platform body, effectively avoids secondary water and soil loss, significantly improves the stability of the platform body, the survival rate of seedlings is greatly improved through the cooperation of the shrub holes, the tree holes and the soft cloth pad, the integrity of the structure is ensured, and the later settlement is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of river embankment ecological restoration, and in particular to a river embankment water-facing surface ecological restoration integrated structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of land restoration construction, river embankment ecological restoration, especially the river embankment section, is an important development direction. The core goal is to achieve the triple effect of "soil and sand fixation, water and soil conservation, and ecological protection" through afforestation and site arrangement, which is of great significance to maintaining the balance of river ecological system and ensuring the safety of river embankment.

[0003] In existing river embankment restoration projects, the mode of "simple earthwork leveling + conventional afforestation" is generally adopted. However, this mode still has the following shortcomings: 1. There is no standardized structure for the shaping of the water-facing surface platform. In current projects, there is no unified standard for the elevation, width and slope surface connection structure of the platform. In some projects, the platform elevation is set arbitrarily, which leads to uneven stress at the junction of the platform and the slope surface, and problems such as collapse and cracking may occur, which may even cause secondary water and soil loss; 2. There is no special positioning support structure for seedling planting, and there is no fixed standard for the hole diameter and depth of the planting hole, which leads to insufficient space for root system expansion of seedlings, affecting root system development and nutrient absorption. On the other hand, without the special support structure, seedlings are prone to be knocked down by wind and water flow, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the main purpose of the present application is to provide a river embankment water-facing surface ecological restoration integrated structure.

[0005] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: a river embankment water-facing surface ecological restoration integrated structure, comprising a platform body, a soft cloth pad is arranged at the top end of the platform body, shrub holes and tree hole are arranged at the top end of the platform body at intervals, an ecological protection layer is arranged at the interval part of the shrub holes and the tree hole at the top end of the platform body, the shaping structure of the platform body is arranged continuously along the river embankment water-facing surface, the soft cloth pads are evenly distributed in the platform body, the shrub holes and the tree holes are evenly distributed in the platform body according to the length of the river embankment water-facing surface, the shrub holes and the tree holes are arranged in groups of 2-3, and the shrub holes and the tree holes in each group are evenly distributed in the platform body.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the compactness of the platform body is ensured, the later settlement is reduced, the rainwater runoff speed is effectively reduced, the water flow impact force is dispersed, the slope surface erosion is reduced, and the integrity of the structure is ensured.

[0007] As a preferred implementation, the platform body is arranged along the bank of the river embankment, the arrangement length is consistent with the length of the corresponding river embankment repair section, the elevation of the platform body is uniformly set to 23-25m, the width is set to 20-22m, for the part of the original river embankment water area with an elevation higher than 25m, the original width of the area is maintained, the platform body comprises a gravel layer, the top of the gravel layer is provided with a filling layer, the top of the filling layer is provided with a compacted layer, the thickness of the gravel layer is set to 10-12cm, the filling layer is arranged on the top of the gravel layer and is segmented and compacted, the compactness is greater than or equal to 90%, and the filling layer and the compacted layer are further segmented and compacted.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the stability of the platform body is enhanced through the close combination of the gravel layer and the filling layer, and part of the infiltrated water can be guided through the gravel layer to reduce the water pressure in the platform body.

[0009] As a preferred implementation, the shrub hole is arranged in a regular quadrangular prism shape, the hole diameter is 38-40cm, and the depth is 28-30cm, the bottom end of the shrub hole is provided with a plain soil cushion layer, the shrub holes are uniformly distributed in the platform body at a plant row spacing of 4x5-4.5x5m, a first outer side flow guide groove is formed in the outer side of the top end of the shrub hole, a first annular flow guide groove is arranged at the bottom end of the first outer side flow guide groove, the first outer side flow guide groove and the first annular flow guide groove are in communication, and the first annular flow guide groove is divided into 2-3 channels arranged in the interior of the shrub hole.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the plant row spacing is calculated based on ecology, which can not only ensure the production space of seedlings, but also achieve the ecological effect of soil and sand fixation, the shrub hole can adapt to shrubs such as willows, and can provide stable support for shrubs while adjusting the air permeability of the soil and the survival rate of the shrubs, and promote root development.

[0011] As a preferred implementation, the shrub hole is arranged in a regular quadrangular prism shape, the hole diameter is 38-40cm, and the depth is 28-30cm, the bottom end of the shrub hole is provided with a plain soil cushion layer, the shrub holes are uniformly distributed in the platform body at a plant row spacing of 4x5-4.5x5m, a first outer side flow guide groove is formed in the outer side of the top end of the shrub hole, a first annular flow guide groove is arranged at the bottom end of the first outer side flow guide groove, the first outer side flow guide groove and the first annular flow guide groin are in communication, and the first annular flow guide groove is arranged on the hole wall of the shrub hole, and a water flow limiting hole is formed at the contact of the corners of the shrub hole.

[0012] Through adoption of the technical scheme, the ecological calculation of the row spacing can ensure the production space of the seedling and realize the ecological effect of soil and sand fixation, the arbor hole is suitable for high and large trees such as populus cathayana and cupressus funebris, the shape of the arbor hole is more beneficial to the stretching of the root system, and the stability of the hole wall is stronger, the second outer side flow guide groove and the second annular flow guide groove are arranged to guide the uniform penetration of the rooting water to the surrounding of the root system, to avoid local water accumulation or drought, the mulch covers the second outer side flow guide groove, and has good soil conservation property, the edge of the mulch is embedded into the soil of the platform body by a depth of 5cm, to prevent wind displacement, and the reserved holes are arranged on the mulch corresponding to the openings of the shrub hole and the arbor hole, the hole diameter is consistent with the hole diameter of the shrub hole and the arbor hole, to not affect the growth of the seedling, to reduce soil water evaporation, and to improve the utilization efficiency of the rooting water.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the soft cloth pad is arranged corresponding to the shrub hole and the arbor hole, the side surface of the soft cloth pad is provided with a support, the support is triangularly distributed on the outer wall of the soft cloth pad, the bottom end of the support is arranged outside the shrub hole and the arbor hole, the distance between the support and the trunk of the seedling is 8-10cm, the support is a wooden pole or a bamboo pole, the length of the support is 2m-2.5m, the diameter of the support is 4.5cm-5cm, the bottom end of the support is inserted into the platform body by a depth of 45-50cm, the soft cloth pad is wrapped around the trunk part of the seedling in contact with the support, and the soft cloth pad is fixed by a strap, and the tightness of the strap is appropriate to not damage the bark.

[0014] Through adoption of the technical scheme, the stability of the seedling can be ensured by the support, and the seedling can resist the impact of wind force below 6 levels, the tightness of the strap of the soft cloth pad is appropriate to insert a finger between the soft cloth pad and the bark, to ensure the supporting effect and not affect the growth of the seedling.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the top end of the ecological protection layer is provided with a U-shaped nail, the bottom end of the U-shaped nail is inserted into the platform body, the length of the U-shaped nail is 15-20cm, and the U-shaped nails are uniformly arranged on the ecological protection layer at an interval of 30x30-35x35cm.

[0016] Through adoption of the technical scheme, the surface of the ecological protection layer is uniformly sowed with grass seeds, to protect the slope surface of the platform body, and after the grass seeds germinate into a lawn, an ecological protection system is formed, to further enhance the water and soil conservation effect.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present application are that the compaction of the gravel layer and the filling layer enhances the anti-collapse ability of the platform body, effectively avoids secondary water and soil loss, and significantly improves the stability of the platform body, the survival rate of the seedling is greatly improved through the cooperation of the shrub hole and the arbor hole and the soft cloth pad.

[0018] In the application, the anti-collapse ability of the platform body is improved by the overall composite compaction of the gravel layer, the filling layer and the compaction layer, the rainwater convergence speed of the slope surface is reduced, the secondary water and soil loss is effectively avoided, the integrity of the structure is ensured, and the later settlement is reduced.

[0019] In the application, through the setting of the soft cloth pad, the shrub hole and the arbor hole, the special planting shape provides sufficient space for the root system of the seedling, and through the support of the soft cloth pad, the seedling is better supported while ensuring uniform water infiltration, so that the survival rate of the seedling is higher. Through the setting of the ecological protection layer, the ecological protection layer is combined with the seedling planting to form a three-dimensional vegetation system combining arbor, shrub and herb, which not only can improve the soil and sand fixation effect, but also can improve the ecological environment of the river channel, and realize the coordination and unity of the engineering function and the ecological function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the support structure of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cross section of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cross section of the shrub hole of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cross section of the shrub hole of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of position A in the application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the arbor hole of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the arbor hole of the ecological restoration integrated structure of the river embankment water surface is provided for the application; Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of position B in the application.

[0021] Legend: 1, platform body; 11, gravel layer; 12, filling layer; 13, compaction layer; 2, soft cloth pad; 21, support; 3, ecological protection layer; 31, U-shaped nail; 4, shrub hole; 41, first outer side flow guide groove; 42, first annular flow guide groove; 5, arbor hole; 51, second outer side flow guide groove; 52, second annular flow guide groove; 53, water flow limiting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-7 An integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment includes a platform body 1. A soft cloth mat 2 is placed at the top of the platform body 1. Shrub pits 4 and tree pits 5 are spaced apart at the top of the platform body 1, evenly distributed along the length of the water-facing side of the embankment. Each group of shrub pits 4 and tree pits 5 is divided into two rows, arranged on the slope transition section of the platform body 1, with a plant spacing of 4×5m. An ecological protection layer 3 is provided at the intervals between the shrub pits 4 and tree pits 5 at the top of the platform body 1. The ecological protection layer 3 is made of coconut fiber blanket, 5cm thick, and has good erosion resistance and biodegradability, protecting the slope soil in the early stages of vegetation growth. The ecological protection layer 3 is fixed by U-shaped nails 31, made of galvanized steel, 20cm long, arranged in 30×30cm sections. The spacing of the carpet is evenly distributed to ensure that the carpet adheres tightly to the slope. Grass seeds are evenly sown on the surface of the ecological protection layer 3. The grass seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass and tall fescue in a 1:1 ratio. Bermudagrass is drought-resistant and flood-resistant, while tall fescue is cold-resistant and tolerant of poor soil. The mixture of the two can adapt to different environmental conditions. The sowing rate of grass seeds is 20g / m². After the grass seeds germinate and form a lawn, they can form a slope ecological protection system together with the coconut fiber carpet to further enhance the soil and water conservation effect. The shaping structure of the platform body 1 is continuously arranged along the water-facing side of the river embankment. Soft cloth mats 2 are evenly distributed on the platform body 1. Each group of shrub holes 4 and tree holes 5 are evenly distributed on the platform body 1.

[0024] Specifically, the platform body 1 is laid along the riverbank, with a length consistent with the corresponding riverbank repair section. The elevation of the platform body 1 is uniformly set at 25m, and the width is set at 20m. For the portion of the original riverbank facing area with an elevation higher than 25m, the original width of that area is maintained. The platform body 1 includes a crushed stone layer 11, with a filling layer 12 on top of the crushed stone layer 11. Through layered compaction, the compaction of the filling layer 12 and the compacted layer 13 is ensured to be better, improving the anti-permeability and shear resistance of the platform body 1. The thickness of the crushed stone layer 11 is 10cm, and the particle size of the crushed stone layer 11 is 2-5cm, ensuring the load-bearing capacity of the platform body 1 and enhancing its stability. A compacted layer 13 is set on top of the filling layer 12. The thickness of the crushed stone layer 11 is set at 10cm, and the filling layer 12 is placed on top of the crushed stone layer 11 and compacted in sections with a compaction degree ≥90%. The filling layer 12 and the compacted layer 13 are compacted in sections again to ensure the integrity of the structure.

[0025] Reference Figures 3-7 Specifically, the shrub pit 4 is set in the shape of a regular square prism, with a diameter of 40cm and a depth of 30cm. The bottom of the shrub pit 4 is provided with a layer of plain soil. The shrub pits 4 are evenly distributed on the platform body 1 with a plant spacing of 4×5m. The outer side of the top of the shrub pit 4 is provided with a first outer drainage channel 41. The bottom of the first outer drainage channel 41 is provided with a first annular drainage channel 42. The first outer drainage channel 41 and the first annular drainage channel 42 are connected. The first annular drainage channel 42 is divided into three channels and set inside the shrub pit 4 to ensure the irrigation performance of the transplanted seedlings, ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, and promote root development.

[0026] Specifically, the tree pits 5 are hexagonal in shape, with a diameter of 60cm and a depth of 50cm. The tree pits 5 are evenly distributed on the platform body 1 at a spacing of 4×5m. The walls of the tree pits 5 are provided with a second annular guide channel 52, and the outer side of the top of the tree pits 5 is provided with a second outer guide channel 51. The second outer guide channel 51 is connected to the second annular guide channel 52. The second annular guide channels 52 are respectively provided on the walls of the tree pits 5. Water flow limiting holes 53 are provided at the corners of the tree pits 5 to guide the root water to permeate evenly to the root system, avoid local water accumulation or drought, and form a complete guide system to ensure that 15-20L of root water for a single seedling can flow evenly into the root area, avoiding water waste and local water accumulation.

[0027] Specifically, the soft cloth pad 2 is set for the shrub hole 4 and the tree hole 5. The side of the soft cloth pad 2 is provided with a support 21. The support 21 is triangularly distributed on the outer wall of the soft cloth pad 2. The bottom end of the support 21 is set on the outside of the shrub hole 4 and the tree hole 5. The distance between the support 21 and the main trunk of the seedling is 10cm. The support 21 is made of wood or bamboo. The length of the support 21 is 2.5m and the diameter is 5cm. The bottom end of the support 21 is inserted into the platform body 1 to a depth of 50cm. The soft cloth pad 2 is wrapped around the main trunk of the seedling that is in contact with the support 21. The soft cloth pad 2 is fixed by cable ties. The tightness of the ties should be such that the bark is not damaged.

[0028] Specifically, the top of the ecological protection layer 3 is equipped with U-shaped nails 31, the bottom of which are inserted into the platform body 1. The length of the U-shaped nails 31 is 20cm. The U-shaped nails 31 are evenly distributed on the ecological protection layer 3 at a spacing of 30×30cm to ensure a tight fit between the ecological protection layer 3 and the platform body 1. At the same time, grass seeds are evenly sown on the surface of the ecological protection layer 3. The grass seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass and tall fescue, with a mixing ratio of 1:1. Bermudagrass is drought-resistant and flood-resistant, while tall fescue is cold-resistant and tolerant of poor soil. The mixture of the two can adapt to different environmental conditions. The sowing rate is 20g / m². After the grass seeds germinate and form a lawn, they can form a slope ecological protection system together with the ecological protection layer 3, further enhancing the soil and water conservation effect.

[0029] Working principle: Before construction, remove obstacles such as weeds, gravel, and garbage from the platform and slope area on the water-facing side of the embankment. After leveling the surface of the site, excavate and trim areas with an original elevation below 25m, based on the design elevation of 25m. Backfill these areas with plain soil, compacting each layer in 30cm layers using a road roller to ensure a compaction degree of ≥90%. For areas with an original elevation above 25m, only smooth the surface while maintaining the original width. Excavate a 10m long slope on the outside of the platform body 1. The transition section is sloped at a 1:2.5 gradient. A 50cm radius circular transition section is created on platform 1 using plain soil to ensure a smooth connection. First, a 10cm thick layer of crushed stone 11 (2-5cm particle size) is laid at the bottom of platform 1 and compacted using a plate vibrator. Then, a 30cm thick filling layer 12 is laid on top of the crushed stone layer 11, compacted in layers to a compaction degree ≥90%, ensuring a tight fit between the filling layer 12 and the crushed stone layer 11. Finally, shrub holes 4 and tree holes 4 are marked on platform 1 at a spacing of 4×5m. Location of Tree Hole 5: For tree holes 5, a regular hexagonal prism excavation tool is used, with a hole diameter of 60cm and a depth of 50cm. After excavation, three annular drainage channels, each 5cm wide and 3cm deep, spaced 15cm apart, are carved into the hole wall. For shrub holes 4, a regular square prism excavation tool is used, with a hole diameter of 40cm and a depth of 30cm. After excavation, three annular drainage channels, each 5cm wide and 3cm deep, are carved into the hole wall. A 10cm thick layer of plain soil is then laid at the bottom of the hole and compacted to a compaction degree of ≥85%, before planting the seedling. For saplings with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 3cm, they are fixed and supported by soft cloth pads 2 and support members 21. Then, a 5cm thick ecological protection layer 3 is laid along the interval between shrub holes 4 and tree holes 5 on the platform body 1. The overlap width between ecological protection layers 3 is 10cm to avoid gaps. Galvanized U-shaped nails 31 with a length of 20cm are used to fix the ecological protection layer 3 to the platform body 1 at a spacing of 30×30cm. The U-shaped nails 31 are inserted into the soil to a depth ≥ 15cm. After the construction is completed, subsequent maintenance is carried out.

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated structure for ecological restoration of the water-facing side of a river embankment, comprising a platform body (1), characterized in that: The top of the platform body (1) is provided with a soft cloth pad (2). The top of the platform body (1) is provided with shrub holes (4) and tree holes (5) spaced apart. An ecological protection layer (3) is provided at the interval between the shrub holes (4) and tree holes (5) on the top of the platform body (1). The shaping structure of the platform body (1) is continuously arranged along the water-facing side of the river embankment. The soft cloth pad (2) is evenly distributed in the platform body (1). The shrub holes (4) and tree holes (5) are evenly distributed in the platform body (1) according to the length of the water-facing side of the river embankment. The shrub holes (4) and tree holes (5) are grouped in groups of 2-3. Each group of shrub holes (4) and tree holes (5) is evenly distributed in the platform body (1).

2. The integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform body (1) is laid along the riverbank, and the length of the laying is consistent with the length of the corresponding riverbank repair section. The elevation of the platform body (1) is uniformly set to 23-25m and the width is set to 20-22m. For the part of the original riverbank water-facing area with an elevation higher than 25m, the original width of the area is maintained. The platform body (1) includes a crushed stone layer (11). The top of the crushed stone layer (11) is provided with a filling layer (12). The top of the filling layer (12) is provided with a compacted layer (13). The thickness of the crushed stone layer (11) is set to 10-12cm. The filling layer (12) is set on the top of the crushed stone layer (11) and is compacted in sections with a compaction degree ≥90%. The filling layer (12) and the compacted layer (13) are compacted in sections again.

3. The integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shrub pit (4) is set in the shape of a regular square prism, with a diameter of 38-40cm and a depth of 28-30cm. The bottom of the shrub pit (4) is provided with a plain soil layer. The shrub pit (4) is evenly distributed in the platform body (1) with a plant spacing of 4×5-4.5×5m. The outer side of the top of the shrub pit (4) is provided with a first outer guide channel (41). The bottom of the first outer guide channel (41) is provided with a first annular guide channel (42). The first outer guide channel (41) is connected to the first annular guide channel (42). The first annular guide channel (42) is divided into two or three channels and is set inside the shrub pit (4).

4. The integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree pit (5) is set in a regular hexagonal shape, with a pit diameter of 58-60cm and a depth of 48-50cm. The tree pit (5) is evenly distributed in the platform body (1) with a plant spacing of 4×5-4.5×5m. The tree pit (5) is provided with a second annular guide groove (52) on the pit wall. The tree pit (5) is provided with a second outer guide groove (51) on the outer side of the top of the tree pit (5). The second outer guide groove (51) is connected to the second annular guide groove (52). The second annular guide groove (52) is set on the pit wall of the tree pit (5). The tree pit (5) is provided with a water flow limiting hole (53) at the corners.

5. The integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soft cloth pad (2) is set in relation to the shrub hole (4) and the tree hole (5). The soft cloth pad (2) has a support (21) on its side. The support (21) is triangularly distributed on the outer wall of the soft cloth pad (2). The bottom of the support (21) is set on the outside of the shrub hole (4) and the tree hole (5). The distance between the support (21) and the main trunk of the seedling is 8-10cm. The support (21) is made of wood or bamboo. The length of the support (21) is 2m-2.5m and the diameter is 4.5cm-5cm. The bottom of the support (21) is inserted into the platform body (1) to a depth of 45-50cm. The soft cloth pad (2) is wrapped around the main trunk of the seedling that is in contact with the support (21). The soft cloth pad (2) is fixed by a tie. The tightness of the tie should be such that it does not damage the bark.

6. The integrated ecological restoration structure for the water-facing side of a river embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the ecological protection layer (3) is provided with a U-shaped nail (31), the bottom end of the U-shaped nail (31) is inserted into the platform body (1), the length of the U-shaped nail (31) is 15-20cm, and the U-shaped nail (31) is evenly distributed on the ecological protection layer (3) at a spacing of 30×30-35×35cm.

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