A radio frequency identification system
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522490165.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing RFID technologies, integrated passive IoT suffers from self-interference issues, while discrete passive IoT has high networking costs and requires a large number of exciters.
A switching control device is used to convert the excitation signal into multiple excitation signals. By combining a receiver, exciter, multiple antennas and RFID tags, the switching control module and RFID switch are used to achieve signal separation and dynamic selection, thereby reducing the number of exciters and lowering the cost of excitation signal coverage.
This approach achieves flexible networking while reducing the cost of excitation signal coverage, decreasing the number of exciters, and improving the system's flexibility and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224934403U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and in particular to a radio frequency identification system. Background Technology
[0002] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, as a non-contact automatic identification technology, is widely used in many fields. This technology automatically identifies target objects and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. Its identification work requires no manual intervention, has a high recognition rate, and is fast.
[0003] Existing RFID technologies fall into two categories. The first is based on integrated passive IoT technology, which belongs to IoT technology. The second is based on separate passive IoT technology. Unlike traditional integrated technologies, it separates the excitation signal generation device and the receiving signal processing device into an exciter and a receiver. This reduces self-interference and improves receiving sensitivity by arranging the excitation and receiving channels further apart. Furthermore, the excitation and receiving channels can be flexibly networked. However, the first method suffers from self-interference during operation, and the integrated transceiver is not conducive to flexible networking. While the second method allows for flexible networking, it requires a larger number of exciters, resulting in higher costs. Utility Model Content
[0004] This invention provides a radio frequency identification system that converts excitation signals into multiple excitation signals through a switching control device, reducing the cost of excitation signal coverage, making it suitable for flexible networking, and reducing the number of exciters and the cost of excitation signal coverage when not in networking mode.
[0005] This utility model provides a radio frequency identification system, including a receiver, an exciter, multiple antennas, and an RFID tag;
[0006] The exciter includes an exciter body, a switching control module, and an RF switch; the switching control module is electrically connected to the exciter body and the RF switch respectively; the RF switch includes multiple output ports; the output ports are connected to antenna cables, and the antennas and RF tags are coupled together; the receiver is coupled together with each antenna.
[0007] The receiver sends the target antenna's identification information to the exciter body; the exciter body receives and demodulates the target antenna's identification information, and generates a radio frequency (RF) signal and a power on / off keying signal; the switching control module separates the RF signal and the power on / off keying signal, and sends the RF signal to the RF switch, demodulates the power on / off keying signal, generates a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port, and sends it to the RF switch; the RF switch, under the control of the switch control signal, turns on the target output port, so that the RF signal is switched to the target antenna through the target output port and converted into electromagnetic waves to activate the RFID tag.
[0008] Optionally, the switching control module includes a capacitor-inductor circuit and a switch control unit; the capacitor-inductor circuit and the switch control unit are electrically connected between the exciter body and the RF switch, and the capacitor-inductor circuit is electrically connected to the RF switch.
[0009] Optionally, the switch control unit includes an AISG demodulation chip and a microcontroller; the AISG demodulation chip and the microcontroller are electrically connected between the capacitor-inductor circuit and the RF switch;
[0010] The AISG demodulation chip converts the on / off key control signal into a digital signal; the microcontroller receives the digital signal and generates a switch control signal based on the digital signal.
[0011] Optionally, the actuator body includes multiple actuator sub-bodies; each actuator sub-bodies is electrically connected to the receiver.
[0012] After receiving the target antenna's identity information sent by the receiver, the exciter sub-body generates radio frequency signals and on / off key control signals when it confirms that the identity information matches its own unique identity information.
[0013] Optionally, the exciter sub-body includes a microprocessor and an FPGA; the FPGA is electrically connected to both the microprocessor and the receiver, and the microprocessor is also electrically connected to the switching control module.
[0014] Optionally, the exciter sub-body may also include a signal conversion module and a filtering and amplification module;
[0015] The signal conversion module is electrically connected to both the FPGA and the filter amplification module, and the FPGA is also electrically connected to the filter amplification module.
[0016] Optionally, the system also includes multiple air interfaces; the antenna and RFID tag are connected via the air interface.
[0017] Optionally, the RFID tag may include an active tag or a passive tag.
[0018] Optionally, the RF switch may include a PIN diode switch, a GaAs switch, or an electromechanical relay.
[0019] Optionally, the AISG demodulation chip model includes SN65HVD62.
[0020] In this embodiment of the technical solution, when activating an RFID tag, the receiver reads the RFID tag within the target antenna's coverage area, thereby generating the target antenna's identity information. This identity information is then sent to the exciter body. Upon receiving the target antenna's identity information, the exciter body demodulates it and generates an RF signal and a power-on key control signal, which are sent to the switching control module. The switching control module separates the RF signal and the power-on key control signal. The RF signal is sent directly to the RF switch without signal processing. The power-on key control signal is demodulated, and a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port is generated and sent to the RF switch. Upon receiving the switch control signal, the RF switch executes it, enabling the corresponding target output port to conduct. After the target output port of the RF switch is conducted, the RF signal switches to the target antenna through the target output port. The target antenna converts the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave signal, thereby activating the RFID tag. Using the above structure, by setting a switching control device, the excitation signal is converted into multiple excitation signals, reducing the cost of excitation signal coverage. This is suitable for flexible networking and reduces the number of exciters in non-networked modes, further lowering the cost of excitation signal coverage.
[0021] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this utility model, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Other features of this utility model will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in this embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in this embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0029] In one embodiment, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations requiring improved signal sensitivity, flexible networking, and reduced costs. Figure 1 As shown, the RFID system includes a receiver 1, an exciter 2, multiple antennas 3, and an RFID tag 4. The exciter 2 includes an exciter body 21, a switching control module 22, and an RFID switch 23. The switching control module 22 is electrically connected to the exciter body 21 and the RFID switch 23. The RFID switch 23 includes multiple output ports 231. The output ports 231 are connected to the antennas 3 by cables, and the antennas 3 and the RFID tag 4 are coupled together. The receiver 1 is coupled to each antenna 3. The receiver 1 sends the identity information of the target antenna to the exciter body 21. The exciter body 21 receives and demodulates the identity information of the target antenna and generates an RFID signal and a power on / off key signal. The switching control module 22 separates the RFID signal and the power on / off key signal, sends the RFID signal to the RFID switch 23, demodulates the power on / off key signal, and generates a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port, which is then sent to the RFID switch 23. Under the control of the switch control signal, the RFID switch 23 turns on the target output port 231, so that the RFID signal is switched to the target antenna 3 through the target output port 231 and converted into electromagnetic waves to activate the RFID tag 4.
[0030] In this embodiment, receiver 1 is a master control device that issues control commands independently of exciter 2; it is used to receive information returned by the tag and issue control commands based on the information returned by the tag. In this embodiment, receiver 1 is used to generate the target antenna identification information signal. Exciter 2 is used to convert the signal sent by receiver 1 into multiple excitation signals. In this embodiment, the number of exciters 2 may include multiple exciters 2, each exciter 2 including an exciter body 21, a switching control module 22, and an RF switch 23. Exciter body 21 is used to receive the signal sent by receiver 1 and generate an RF signal and an on / off keying signal based on the signal sent by receiver 1. The RF signal is used to activate the RF tag 4, and the on / off keying signal is a modulated signal carrying a command to switch the target antenna. The switching control module 22 is a passive filtering and decoupling circuit including capacitor and inductor circuits, which can separate the RF signal and the on / off keying signal, allowing the two signals to be transmitted along different paths. The RF switch 23 is a multiplex electronic switch (such as a 1×N RF switch) used to dynamically select the RF path. The RF switch 23 includes one input port (connected to the RF signal output of exciter body 21) and multiple output ports 231. In this embodiment, the radio frequency switch 23 includes a PIN diode switch, a GaAs switch, or an electromechanical relay. The output port 231 of the radio frequency switch 23 is connected to the antenna 3. The antenna 3 is a passive electronic component used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves (radio waves) and to convert the radio frequency electrical signal generated by the exciter body 21 into electromagnetic waves (radiation field) in space. The radio frequency tag 4, also known as an electronic tag, includes a coupling element and a chip. It is a wireless communication technology that uses radio waves for non-contact two-way communication to automatically identify targets and obtain relevant data. Each radio frequency tag 4 has a unique electronic code for identifying the target object. The radio frequency tag 4 includes active tags or passive tags, and may also include semi-active / semi-passive tags. In this embodiment, the radio frequency tag 4 includes a passive tag, which relies on the electromagnetic wave energy emitted by the exciter body 21 to activate and communicate.
[0031] Specifically, when RFID tag 4 is activated, receiver 1 reads RFID tag 4 from the target antenna coverage area, thereby generating the target antenna's identification information. This identification information is then sent to exciter body 21. Upon receiving the target antenna's identification information, exciter body 21 demodulates it and generates an RFID signal and a power on / off keying signal. The RFID signal and power on / off keying signal generated by exciter body 21 are sent to switching control module 22. Switching control module 22 separates the RFID signal and power on / off keying signal. The separation method can include frequency separation (where the RFID signal is a high-frequency signal and the power on / off keying signal is a mid-to-low-frequency signal), or other methods. After separating the RFID signal and power on / off keying signal of different frequencies, switching control module 22 sends the RFID signal directly to RFID switch 23 without signal processing. It then demodulates the power on / off keying signal and generates a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port 231, which is then sent to RFID switch 23. After receiving the switch control signal, the RF switch 23 will execute the signal to turn on the corresponding target output port 231. After the target output port 231 of the RF switch 23 is turned on, the RF signal will be switched to the target antenna 3 through the target output port 231. The target antenna 3 will convert the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave signal, thereby activating the RF tag 4.
[0032] In this embodiment of the technical solution, when activating an RFID tag, the receiver reads the RFID tag within the target antenna's coverage area, thereby generating the target antenna's identity information. This identity information is then sent to the exciter body. Upon receiving the target antenna's identity information, the exciter body demodulates it and generates an RF signal and a power-on key control signal, which are sent to the switching control module. The switching control module separates the RF signal and the power-on key control signal. The RF signal is sent directly to the RF switch without signal processing. The power-on key control signal is demodulated, and a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port is generated and sent to the RF switch. Upon receiving the switch control signal, the RF switch executes it, enabling the corresponding target output port to conduct. After the target output port of the RF switch is conducted, the RF signal switches to the target antenna through the target output port. The target antenna converts the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave signal, thereby activating the RFID tag. Using the above structure, by setting a switching control device, the excitation signal is converted into multiple excitation signals, reducing the cost of excitation signal coverage. This is suitable for flexible networking and reduces the number of exciters in non-networked modes, further lowering the cost of excitation signal coverage.
[0033] In another specific embodiment, optionally, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 2As shown, the switching control module 22 includes a capacitor-inductor circuit 221 and a switch control unit 222; the capacitor-inductor circuit 221 and the switch control unit 222 are electrically connected between the exciter body 21 and the radio frequency switch 23, and the capacitor-inductor circuit 221 is electrically connected to the radio frequency switch 23.
[0034] The capacitor-inductor circuit 221 is a passive filter circuit composed of an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C), typically forming a low-pass filter (LPF) or a high-pass / band-pass combination, primarily responsible for signal separation. In this embodiment, the capacitor-inductor circuit 221 is used to directly couple the high-frequency radio frequency signal to the radio frequency switch 23, filter out the low-frequency AISG on / off keying signal and guide it to the switch control unit 222, preventing mutual interference between the two signals and protecting the subsequent circuitry. The switch control unit 222 is a digital control circuit, mainly used to demodulate the on / off keying signal sent by the capacitor-inductor circuit, restore the analog on / off keying signal to digital data, extract the "target antenna identification information" from the data, and output the corresponding DC level signal according to the target antenna identification information (e.g., high level for port 2, low level for the others).
[0035] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 2 The switch control unit 222 includes an AISG demodulation chip 2221 and a microcontroller 2222; the AISG demodulation chip 2221 and the microcontroller 2222 are electrically connected between the capacitor-inductor circuit 221 and the RF switch 23; the AISG demodulation chip 2221 converts the on / off key control signal into a digital signal; the microcontroller 2222 receives the digital signal and generates a switch control signal based on the digital signal.
[0036] Optionally, the AISG demodulation chip 2221 includes the SN65HVD62 model.
[0037] Specifically, the AISG demodulation chip 2221 demodulates the on / off key control signal into a digital signal and sends it to the microcontroller 2222. The microcontroller 2222 reads this digital signal and parses out the "target antenna ID switching" information carried in the signal, such as target antenna ID=2. Based on this information and the pre-stored channel correspondence, it sends a control level signal to the RF switch 23 (such as the CTRL pin being high or low), thus generating a switch control signal.
[0038] It should be noted that Table 1 is a truth table representing the output ports and corresponding antennas when the RF switch has three output ports. For example, if the target antenna ID=2, referring to Table 1, it corresponds to ANT2 of the second channel antenna. At this time, the information of the switch control signal sent by the microcontroller 2222 to the RF switch 23 is the level signal of the output port SW2=0, SW1=0, and SW0=1, so that the RF switch 23 executes the level signal corresponding to the three output ports, thus realizing the conduction of the target antenna ID=2 channel. The RF signal activates the RF tag 4 through the conducted target antenna 3.
[0039] Table 1
[0040]
[0041] In another specific embodiment, optionally, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 3 As shown, the exciter body 21 includes multiple exciter sub-bodies 211; each exciter sub-bodies 211 is electrically connected to the receiver 1; after receiving the target antenna identification information sent by the receiver 1, the exciter sub-bodies 211 generate radio frequency signals and on / off key control signals when they confirm that the identification information matches their own unique identification information.
[0042] The unique identification information, or ID, is a preset, unique number or string, similar to a device's "ID number". Common forms of unique identification information include, but are not limited to, serial numbers, MAC addresses, or user-defined numbers.
[0043] Specifically, when receiver 1 sends the identity signal of target antenna 3 to exciter body 21, each exciter sub-body 211 receives this signal. At this time, each exciter sub-body 211 checks whether the identity information (i.e., exciter sub-body ID) in the signal is consistent with its own unique identity information. The specific process can be that the microcontroller (MCU) inside each exciter sub-body 211 parses the identity signal, extracts the "target exciter sub-body 211" field, and compares it bit by bit with its own stored ID. If they are completely the same, it is determined that "information matches"; otherwise, it is "information does not match". If the IDs do not match (for example, the ID of exciter sub-body 211 is 001, while the identity information ID of target antenna 3 is 003), then the exciter sub-body 211 completely ignores this information and does not take any action. Only when the IDs match completely (e.g., the ID of the exciter sub-body 211 is 003, and the ID of the target antenna 3 is 003) will the corresponding exciter sub-body 211 "wake up" and perform subsequent actions, namely generating the required radio frequency signal (e.g., radio frequency power, modulation method, etc.) and generating the AISG on / off key control signal for switching the target antenna 3 (e.g., the content is "switch to the channel with antenna ID=2"). This achieves a precise addressing mechanism, avoids signal conflicts or interference, and facilitates modulation maintenance.
[0044] Optional, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency identification system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 4 As shown, the exciter sub-body 211 includes a microprocessor 2111 and an FPGA 2112; the FPGA 2112 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 2111 and the receiver 1 respectively, and the microprocessor 2111 is also electrically connected to the switching control module 22.
[0045] Among them, the microprocessor 2111 is responsible for operation, management, and maintenance; it is the "brain" of the system. The FPGA 2112 is used to process high-speed digital signals and is the digital signal processing center.
[0046] Specifically, taking the matching of the ID of the exciter sub-body 211 with the ID of the target antenna 3 as an example, the identity information of the target antenna 3 sent by the receiver 1 is sent to the FPGA 2112. The FPGA 2112 is responsible for simple frame synchronization, error detection, etc., and then passes the valid data packet to the microprocessor 2111. The microprocessor 2111 extracts the "target exciter sub-body ID" field from the received data packet and compares this ID with its own stored preset device ID (usually burned into Flash / EEPROM). If they match, it decides to execute subsequent operations; if they do not match, it discards the command and does not respond. Only when the ID matches successfully will the microprocessor 2111 issue a "start execution" instruction to the FPGA 2112, along with specific command parameters (such as: generate UHF signal, power 27dBm, switch to antenna ID=2), to control the FPGA 2112 to generate radio frequency signals and on / off key control signals.
[0047] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 4 The exciter sub-body 211 also includes a signal conversion module 2113 and a filter amplification module 2114; the signal conversion module 2113 is electrically connected to the FPGA 2112 and the filter amplification module 2114 respectively, and the FPGA 2112 is also electrically connected to the filter amplification module 2114.
[0048] The signal conversion module 2113 converts the digital form of the excitation signal and the on / off keying signal generated by the FPGA 2112 into analog signals, which are then sent to the filtering and amplification module 2114. In this embodiment, the signal conversion module 2113 may include an RF chip. The filtering and amplification module 2114 mainly includes filters, resistors, and power amplifiers, and is used to filter and amplify the analog signals generated by the signal conversion module 2113 before sending them to the switching control module 22. In this embodiment, the filtering and amplification module 2114 may include an RF front-end.
[0049] Optional, continue to refer to Figure 4 The system also includes multiple air interfaces 5; the antenna 3 and the radio frequency tag 4 are connected through the air interfaces 5.
[0050] In this context, Air Interface 5 refers to the path or interface through which wireless signals propagate in the air. Specifically, it refers to the wireless channel through which a transmitter (such as a base station, Wi-Fi router, or RFID reader) and a receiver (such as a mobile phone, laptop, or RFID tag) communicate via electromagnetic waves. In other words, Air Interface 5 is the entire process and medium through which a device converts an electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave via antenna 3 and radiates it into the air, and then another device receives it via antenna 3 and converts it back into an electrical signal.
[0051] It should be understood that the various forms of the process shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this utility model can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this utility model can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.
[0052] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A radio frequency identification system, characterized in that, Includes receivers, exciters, multiple antennas, and RFID tags; The exciter includes an exciter body, a switching control module, and an RF switch; the switching control module is electrically connected to the exciter body and the RF switch respectively; the RF switch includes multiple output ports; the output ports are connected to the antenna cable, and the antenna and the RF tag are coupled together; the receiver is coupled together with each of the antennas. The receiver sends the target antenna's identity information to the exciter body; the exciter body receives and demodulates the target antenna's identity information, and generates a radio frequency signal and a power on / off keying signal; the switching control module separates the radio frequency signal and the power on / off keying signal, sends the radio frequency signal to the radio frequency switch, demodulates the power on / off keying signal, generates a switch control signal corresponding to the target output port, and sends it to the radio frequency switch; The radio frequency switch is turned on by the switch control signal to activate the target output port, so that the radio frequency signal is switched to the target antenna through the target output port and converted into electromagnetic waves to activate the radio frequency tag.
2. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching control module includes a capacitor-inductor circuit and a switch control unit; the capacitor-inductor circuit and the switch control unit are electrically connected between the exciter body and the radio frequency switch, and the capacitor-inductor circuit is electrically connected to the radio frequency switch.
3. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch control unit includes an AISG demodulation chip and a microcontroller; the AISG demodulation chip and the microcontroller are electrically connected between the capacitor-inductor circuit and the radio frequency switch; The AISG demodulation chip converts the on / off key control signal into a digital signal; the microcontroller receives the digital signal and generates the switch control signal based on the digital signal.
4. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actuator body includes multiple actuator sub-bodies; each actuator sub-bodies is electrically connected to the receiver. After receiving the identity information of the target antenna sent by the receiver, the exciter sub-body generates radio frequency signals and on / off key control signals when it confirms that the identity information matches its own unique identity information.
5. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The actuator sub-body includes a microprocessor and an FPGA; the FPGA is electrically connected to the microprocessor and the receiver respectively, and the microprocessor is also electrically connected to the switching control module.
6. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The exciter sub-body also includes a signal conversion module and a filtering and amplification module; The signal conversion module is electrically connected to the FPGA and the filtering and amplification module, respectively, and the FPGA is also electrically connected to the filtering and amplification module.
7. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple air ports; the antenna and the radio frequency tag are connected through the air ports.
8. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency tags include active tags or passive tags.
9. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency switch includes a PIN diode switch, a GaAs switch, or an electromechanical relay.
10. The radio frequency identification system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The AISG demodulation chip model includes SN65HVD62.