energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage, wherein the energy storage system comprises a box body, a pollution discharge structure and an energy storage unit, the pollution discharge structure is arranged on the box body, the energy storage unit comprises a plurality of battery groups which are arranged in a stacking mode along the height direction of the box body, the box body is formed with a main air duct which is arranged in an extending mode along the height direction of the box body, the battery groups are arranged at intervals, and the battery groups and the box body enclose a secondary air duct, and each secondary air duct is in communication with the main air duct; the pollution discharge structure is arranged at the lowest position of the main air duct; in the technical scheme provided by the application, the pollution discharge structure is arranged at the lowest position of the main air duct, and after the pollution discharge structure collects dust and impurities, the pollution discharge structure can be regularly taken out for dumping and cleaning. Moreover, the pollution discharge structure can not only discharge rainwater, but also discharge water used for cleaning the air duct, so that the battery groups are prevented from being soaked in water, and the safety hidden danger is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In small-scale commercial and industrial energy storage systems as well as residential energy storage systems, power modules such as battery packs and PCS (Power Control System) are generally cooled by air. Existing air-cooling solutions typically involve installing sheet metal or plastic air ducts inside the cabinet, drawing in external air via fans, forcing convection heat exchange onto the heat-generating components, and then expelling the air.

[0003] However, traditional air duct layouts are mostly horizontal or semi-enclosed structures, lacking effective drainage and dust removal channels. Over long-term operation, moisture and dust in the air gradually accumulate on the inner walls and corners of the air duct, forming a layer of grime mixed with water and dust. This grime layer increases the roughness of the air duct walls, reducing the effective ventilation cross-sectional area and significantly increasing air resistance. Furthermore, accumulated water easily breeds mold and corrodes the air duct materials, further reducing heat dissipation efficiency. Because the air duct is usually obstructed by components such as battery modules and separators, users find it difficult to disassemble and deeply clean it, leading to a continuous deterioration of the system's heat dissipation capacity. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application proposes an energy storage system that can promptly drain accumulated water and ash and is easy to maintain, thereby ensuring the long-term, efficient, and reliable operation of the energy storage system.

[0005] One embodiment of this application proposes an energy storage system, including: Box; A sewage discharge structure is provided within the aforementioned enclosure; The energy storage unit includes multiple battery packs stacked along the height direction of the housing; The housing has a main air duct extending along the height of the housing. The battery packs are spaced apart and enclose the housing to form multiple secondary air ducts. Each secondary air duct is connected to the main air duct. The sewage discharge structure is located at the lowest point of the main air duct.

[0006] In one embodiment, the housing includes an upper shell and a base, the upper shell being disposed on the base, and the upper shell, the base, and the energy storage unit enclosing each other to form the main air duct; The base has a first drain outlet facing the main air duct, and the drain structure is connected to the first drain outlet.

[0007] In one embodiment, the base is provided with a collection groove facing the opening of the main air duct, the collection groove gradually narrows from near the main air duct to away from the main air duct, and the first drain outlet is located at the bottom of the collection groove.

[0008] In one embodiment, a mounting plate is provided on one side of the base. The mounting plate has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other. The collection trough is provided on the first side, and the sewage discharge structure is provided on the second side. The mounting plate forms a second sewage discharge port. The sewage discharge structure has a sewage holding trough, and the first sewage discharge port and the sewage holding trough are connected through the second sewage discharge port.

[0009] In one embodiment, the base includes a seat body and a cover plate. The seat body has a receiving cavity with an opening, the cover plate covers the opening, the collecting groove is formed in the cover plate, and the mounting plate is disposed on the base.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first side of the mounting plate is provided with a first groove, and a first sealing ring is provided in the first groove. The first sealing ring is located on the annular side of the second drain outlet, and the cover plate abuts against the first sealing ring; and / or The cover plate has a second groove facing the mounting plate, and a second sealing ring is provided in the second groove. The first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are misaligned and abut against each other.

[0011] In one embodiment, the sewage discharge structure is provided with a drain hole, which connects the sewage tank to the outside.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mounting plate is provided with a guide rail located on the second side, and the sewage discharge structure is provided with a hanging ear that is slidably disposed on the guide rail.

[0013] In one embodiment, the energy storage system further includes an exhaust fan located at one end of the main air duct and away from the sewage discharge structure.

[0014] In one embodiment, the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells stacked along the width or length direction of the housing.

[0015] This application incorporates a drainage structure at the bottom of the energy storage system's enclosure, connected to the main air duct inside the enclosure for expelling hot air. This ensures that rainwater and dust fall into the drainage structure due to gravity, preventing water and dust accumulation in the energy storage system. Specifically, the energy storage system includes an enclosure, a drainage structure, and energy storage units. Each energy storage unit comprises multiple battery packs stacked and spaced along the height of the enclosure. Secondary air ducts are provided between adjacent battery packs, each connected to the main air duct vertically positioned inside the enclosure, ensuring effective cooling of each battery pack. The drainage structure is located at the lowest point of the main air duct. After collecting dust and impurities, the drainage structure can be periodically removed for emptying and cleaning. Furthermore, the drainage structure not only discharges rainwater but also drains water used for cleaning the air ducts, preventing the battery packs from being submerged in water and reducing safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the energy storage system provided in this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the energy storage system; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the back of the energy storage system; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle base; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Exploded view of the central base; Figure 7 This is a magnified view of a portion of the sewage discharge structure.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Energy storage system; 1. Housing; 11. Upper shell; 12. Base; 121. Seat; 1211. Connecting terminal; 122. Cover plate; 1221. Collection trough; 1222. First drain outlet; 1223. Second trough; 123. Mounting plate; 1231. First side; 1232. Second side; 1233. Guide rail; 123a. Second drain outlet; 123b. First trough; 124. First sealing ring; 125. Second sealing ring; 13. Baffle; 1a. Main air duct; 1b. Secondary air duct; 1c. Air inlet; 1d. Air outlet; 2. Sewage discharge structure; 21. Hanging lug; 2a. Sewage holding trough; 2b. Drain hole; 3. Energy storage unit; 4. Exhaust fan; 5. Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of several embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that if multiple embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if multiple embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text implies three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0022] In small-scale commercial and industrial energy storage systems and residential energy storage systems100, power modules such as battery packs and PCS generally use air cooling for heat dissipation. Existing air cooling solutions typically involve installing sheet metal or plastic air ducts inside the cabinet, drawing in external air via fans, performing forced convection heat exchange on the heat-generating components, and then exhausting the air.

[0023] However, traditional air duct layouts are mostly horizontal or semi-enclosed structures, lacking effective drainage and dust removal channels. Over long-term operation, moisture and dust in the air gradually accumulate on the inner walls and corners of the air duct, forming a layer of grime mixed with water and dust. This grime layer increases the roughness of the air duct walls, reducing the effective ventilation cross-sectional area and significantly increasing air resistance. Furthermore, accumulated water easily breeds mold and corrodes the air duct materials, further reducing heat dissipation efficiency. Because the air duct is usually obstructed by components such as battery modules and separators, users find it difficult to disassemble and deeply clean it, leading to a continuous deterioration of the system's heat dissipation capacity.

[0024] An increase in the temperature of the battery pack within the energy storage system 100 can, at best, affect charging and discharging efficiency and cycle life, and at worst, trigger over-temperature protection, limit system output power, and even pose safety hazards. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a ventilation structure that can promptly drain accumulated water and dust and is easy to maintain, in order to ensure the long-term, efficient, and reliable operation of the energy storage system 100.

[0025] To address the aforementioned problems, this application proposes an energy storage system 100 to solve the technical issues mentioned above.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of this application, the energy storage system 100 includes a housing 1, a drainage structure 2, and an energy storage unit 3. The drainage structure 2 is disposed in the housing 1. The energy storage unit 3 includes a plurality of battery packs stacked along the height direction of the housing 1. The housing 1 forms a main air duct 1a extending along the height direction of the housing 1. The battery packs are spaced apart and enclose the housing 1 to form a plurality of secondary air ducts 1b. Each secondary air duct 1b is connected to the main air duct 1a. The drainage structure 2 is disposed at the lowest point of the main air duct 1a.

[0027] Understandably, each secondary air duct 1b has an air inlet 1c at the end furthest from the main air duct 1a, and multiple air inlets 1c are located on the same side of the housing 1. Please refer to [further details]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The central arrow indicates the direction of airflow. Low-temperature air enters the housing 1 through inlet 1c and flows laterally along the surface of the battery pack, carrying away the heat generated by the battery pack. Heated air from each duct converges through the main duct 1a. Hot air, being less dense than room-temperature air, continues to rise through duct 1a and exits through outlet 1d at the top of housing 1. This longitudinal counter-flow design, with low-level air intake on the same side and top exhaust, allows low-temperature air to first flow laterally across the surface of each battery pack, forming a uniform laminar flow. After carrying away heat, it naturally rises and flows into the main duct 1a, exiting housing 1 via thermal buoyancy. Simultaneously, the concentrated arrangement of inlets 1c on one side of the housing allows for the installation of filters and waterproof louvers, reducing the risk of dust and rain intrusion, simplifying the duct structure and sealing interface, and improving system cooling efficiency, reliability, and maintenance convenience.

[0028] By designing the main air duct 1a to extend along the height of the enclosure 1, the main air duct 1a forms a vertical chimney channel. Utilizing the physical properties of hot air having low density and naturally rising, it generates a continuous suction force. Without the need for a fan, it drives cold air to flow laterally from the low-position air inlet 1c on the same side through each layer of battery packs, absorbs heat, and then flows into the main air duct 1a and is discharged upwards. This achieves passive heat dissipation with no power consumption, no noise, and no maintenance, reducing system energy consumption and failure points, while avoiding the risk of thermal runaway caused by fan failure.

[0029] To collect rainwater and dust, the drainage structure 2 is located at the lowest point of the main air duct 1a. When water accumulates inside the housing 1, it drains from the lowest point, i.e., the first drainage outlet 1222, and then exits the housing 1 through the drainage hole 2b of the drainage structure 2. The drainage structure 2 utilizes gravity to allow rainwater, cleaning water, and dust to naturally flow to the lowest point, the first drainage outlet 1222, and then directly exit the housing through the drainage hole 2b. This avoids liquid stagnation that could soak the battery pack or dust accumulation that could clog the air duct, reducing the risk of insulation failure, corrosion, and increased thermal resistance. It also achieves zero-power self-drainage and tool-free rapid cleaning, improving system safety and maintenance efficiency.

[0030] It should be noted that the sewage discharge structure 2 can be designed to be detachable, for example, fixed to the base 12 by means of snap-fit, screw-fit, or magnetic attraction; or it can be designed to be fixed and openable, for example, the sewage discharge structure 2 can be externally attached to the outside of the base 12 or directly integrated with the base 12, and then an openable and closable door can be set on the sewage discharge structure 2, so as to achieve periodic cleaning of the inside of the sewage discharge structure 2. This application does not limit the specific setting of the sewage discharge structure 2.

[0031] Since the energy storage system 100 is generally used in outdoor open-air environments, dust, pollen, and road and construction dust suspended in the air enter the air duct with the wind and remain there due to inertial impact and gravitational settling at points where the airflow slows down, changes direction, or humidity increases. Simultaneously, electrostatic adsorption and oil film adhesion effects exist between the fan blades, battery pack surfaces, and air duct walls, causing particles to gradually accumulate and form a dust layer after long-term operation. Therefore, regular cleaning of the air duct is necessary to avoid affecting heat dissipation. When cleaning the main air duct 1a and secondary air duct 1b of the energy storage system 100, only a high-pressure water gun is needed to rinse the secondary air duct 1b through the air inlet 1c. Since each secondary air duct 1b is connected to the main air duct 1a, by increasing the pressure of the high-pressure cleaning water, the cleaning water can also rinse the inner wall of the main air duct 1a through the secondary air duct 1b. Alternatively, cleaning water can be flushed into the main air duct 1a through the air outlet 1d at the top of the housing 1. Finally, the water generated during the cleaning of the air duct can be discharged from the collection tank 1221, through the first drain outlet 1222, through the second drain outlet 123a, and finally from the drain hole 2b.

[0032] By installing a drainage structure 2 at the bottom of the housing 1 of the energy storage system 100, and connecting the drainage structure 2 to the main air duct 1a inside the housing 1 for exhausting hot air, rainwater and dust can fall into the drainage structure 2 due to gravity, thus preventing water and dust accumulation in the energy storage system 100. Specifically, the energy storage system 100 includes a housing 1, a drainage structure 2, and energy storage units 3. The energy storage units 3 include multiple battery packs, which are stacked and spaced apart along the height of the housing 1. Secondary air ducts 1b are provided between adjacent battery packs, and each secondary air duct 1b is connected to the main air duct 1a vertically arranged inside the housing 1, ensuring effective cooling of each battery pack. The drainage structure 2 is located at the bottom of the main air duct 1a. After collecting dust and impurities, the drainage structure 2 can be periodically removed for emptying and cleaning. Moreover, the drainage structure 2 can not only discharge rainwater but also discharge water used for cleaning the air ducts, preventing the battery packs from being submerged in water and reducing safety hazards.

[0033] To quickly collect water accumulated in the main air duct 1a and the secondary air duct 1b, the base 12 is provided with a collection trough 1221 that opens towards the main air duct 1a. For details, please refer to further documentation. Figure 2and combined Figure 5 The collection trough 1221 gradually narrows from near the main air duct 1a to away from the main air duct 1a. The first drain outlet 1222 is located at the bottom of the collection trough 1221. The collection trough 1221 is funnel-shaped. The funnel-shaped collection trough 1221 receives water from the main and secondary air ducts 1b at the large opening and gathers water at the bottom first drain outlet 1222 at the small opening. The narrowing slope accelerates gravity drainage, reduces eddies and dead zones, and allows rainwater or flushing water to be drained in a short time. This avoids liquid surface fluctuations that could soak the battery pack. At the same time, it washes away the deposited dust, achieving self-cleaning and fast drainage in one, improving the system's waterproof reliability and maintenance efficiency.

[0034] In one embodiment of this application, the housing 1 mainly comprises two parts: an upper shell 11 and a base 12. The base 12 is located at the bottom of the housing 1 and is used to place the energy storage unit 3 on the ground. The upper shell 11 forms a square frame structure that extends along the height direction for installing and arranging the battery pack. The base 12 and the upper shell 11 together enclose a cavity for accommodating the energy storage unit 3. The sewage discharge structure 2 is installed on the base 12, which allows for pull-out cleaning using the nearby ground operating space. There is no need to move the battery pack or disassemble the upper air duct. During maintenance, the sewage discharge box can be removed simply by following the guide rail 1233 on the base 12, significantly reducing the intensity of outdoor operation and maintenance and downtime.

[0035] Furthermore, a mounting plate 123 is provided on the base 12. The mounting plate 123 has a first side 1231 and a second side 1232 arranged opposite to each other. The first side 1231 is the side facing the main air duct 1a, and the second side 1232 is the side facing the ground. For details, please refer to further reference. Figure 2 The sewage discharge structure 2 is located on the second side 1232 of the mounting plate 123 facing the ground. The collection trough 1221 is located on the first side 1231 of the mounting plate 123. The mounting plate 123 is provided with a second sewage discharge port 123a to connect the collection trough 1221 and the sewage discharge structure 2, thus realizing the flow of sewage. The mounting plate 123 divides the base 12 into two layers: the collection side and the sewage discharge side. The sewage collected by the collection trough 1221 falls directly into the sewage discharge structure 2 on the ground side through the second sewage discharge port 123a, forming a gravity flow channel from top to bottom. During maintenance, the sewage discharge structure 2 can be pulled out from the bottom of the box 1 without having to reach into the air duct or move the battery pack, achieving rapid cleaning with zero tools and zero downtime. At the same time, it avoids the sewage discharge path being exposed to the airflow, reducing secondary dust and water evaporation backflow, and improving the system's sealing and maintenance safety.

[0036] In one embodiment of this application, since the base 12 houses the wiring harness for connecting the battery pack and other functional devices, to prevent short circuits caused by leakage during the flow of sewage from the collection tank 1221 to the sewage discharge structure 2, a notch is formed on one side of the base 12 that connects to the outside. This notch is not connected to the receiving cavity of the base 12, and the mounting plate 123 is located directly above the notch. For details, please refer to further description. Figure 6 and combined Figure 7 The recessed notch on the side wall of the base 12 is completely isolated from the internal cavity. The mounting plate 123 covers the notch to form a suspended sewage discharge channel, so that the sewage is physically isolated from the internal wiring harness and connectors throughout the process of being discharged from the collection tank 1221 through the second sewage outlet 123a in the sewage discharge structure 2. Even if the sealing ring ages or there is instantaneous liquid overflow, water droplets cannot seep into the cavity of the base 12 laterally, completely eliminating insulation failure, short circuit or corrosion caused by water leakage, and realizing dry and wet separation safe drainage.

[0037] The connection terminal 1211, used to connect the external load and the energy storage unit 3, is connected to the upper shell 11 from the base 12 and electrically connected to each layer of battery pack. The connection terminal 1211 is set in the notch, and the outside of the notch is sealed by the baffle 13. The terminal is protected from sun, rain, salt spray and sand and dust corrosion, preventing insulation aging and increased contact resistance, and extending service life. At the same time, the terminal is not exposed, making the facade of the box 1 simple and complete, improving the overall aesthetics and protection level, and reducing the risk of accidental contact and human damage.

[0038] When dust accumulates in the main air duct 1a and the secondary air duct 1b, it can be cleaned by flushing water into them. The dust will fall into the collection trough 1221 under the impact of the clean water, and eventually into the sludge tank 2a of the sewage discharge structure 2. For details, please refer to further documentation. Figure 6 The bottom of the sludge tank 2a has multiple drainage holes 2b. The drainage holes 2b have a small diameter, ensuring that accumulated water can drain out of the tank 1 through the drainage holes 2b. Dust and solid particles, unable to pass through the drainage holes 2b, will temporarily remain in the sludge tank 2a. The small holes serve both drainage and ash interception functions, thus achieving solid-liquid separation. Wastewater is discharged out of the tank immediately, while ash remains in the sludge tank 2a, preventing direct discharge that could clog municipal pipe networks or pollute the soil. Maintenance personnel only need to periodically remove the sewage structure 2 to dispose of solid waste, achieving centralized and harmless cleaning, reducing environmental risks and maintenance costs.

[0039] It should be noted that, to facilitate efficient operation and maintenance by maintenance personnel, the sewage discharge structure 2 can be fixed to the mounting plate 123 by snap-fit ​​installation, adhesive, or screw installation. This application does not limit this. In one embodiment of this application, the sewage discharge structure 2 is provided with hanging ears 21 on opposite sides. Correspondingly, two guide rails 1233 are provided on the second side 1232 of the mounting plate 123. The two guide rails 1233 are spaced apart, and each hanging ear 21 is hung on one guide rail 1233. The sewage discharge structure 2 can slide relative to the guide rail 1233. The sliding pull-out structure allows the sewage discharge structure 2 to be disengaged from the guide rail 1233 simply by moving it outward. No tools or power outages are required, and disassembly, tilting, and reassembly can be completed by a single person with one hand, greatly shortening outdoor operation and maintenance time. At the same time, the guide rail 1233 provides vertical restraint for the hanging ears 21, preventing loosening or abnormal noise during transportation and vibration, thus balancing quick maintenance and reliable fixation.

[0040] In one embodiment, a baffle 13 is provided at the notch; for details, please refer to further reading. Figure 4 The baffle 13 completely conceals the notch and the pull-out sewage discharge structure 2, making the exterior of the base 12 flat and uniform. This not only prevents external views from directly penetrating the internal structure, improving the overall aesthetics, but also prevents rainwater and dust from directly intruding into the guide rail 1233 and the sewage discharge tank, reducing the aging rate and the risk of misoperation. The baffle 13 can be connected to the base 121 via a hinge structure. When maintenance personnel need to clean the sludge in the sludge tank 2a, the baffle 13 can be easily opened without affecting the maintenance personnel's operation.

[0041] To prevent short circuits in the wiring harness due to leakage during the flow of sewage from the collection tank 1221 to the discharge structure 2, a first groove 123b is provided on the first side 1231 of the mounting plate 123. A first sealing ring 124 is installed within the first groove 123b, located on the circumferential side of the second discharge port 123a. For further details, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2 By setting a first sealing ring 124, the downward-contracting part of the bottom of the cover plate 122 abuts against the first sealing ring 124, thereby sealing the connection between the first drain outlet 1222 and the second drain outlet 123a. The constricted section at the bottom of the cover plate 122 presses against the first sealing ring 124, forming a continuous compression sealing surface around the first and second drain outlets 123a, blocking any channel for flushing water or rainwater to seep into the cavity of the base 12 along the gaps in the mounting plate 123. Even under high water pressure or vibration conditions, a reliable seal can be maintained, completely eliminating the risk of wire harness short circuits, metal terminal corrosion, and insulation failure caused by micro-seepage.

[0042] To further optimize the sealing effect, the cover plate 122 is provided with a second groove 1223 facing the mounting plate 123, and a second sealing ring 125 is provided in the second groove 1223. Please refer to the following. Figure 2The first sealing ring 124 and the second sealing ring 125 are staggered at the upper and lower interfaces, forming a stepped double compression sealing surface. This forces water to bypass two mutually perpendicular compression barriers before entering the cavity of the base 12, significantly extending the leakage path and improving sealing redundancy. Even if a single layer of seal develops micro-gaps due to aging or particle inclusion, the other layer can still independently block water, achieving double protection and improving the system's reliability under long-term outdoor washing and heavy rain conditions. The first annular protrusion forming the first groove 123b is at least partially inserted into the second sealing ring 125, and the second annular protrusion forming the second groove 1223 is at least partially inserted into the first sealing ring 124, thereby causing deformation of the first sealing ring 124 and the second sealing ring 125, thus optimizing the water sealing effect.

[0043] In one embodiment of this application, the energy storage system 100 adopts an active air-cooling design, and an exhaust fan 4 is provided at the top of the main air duct 1a. For details, please refer to further reading. Figure 1 Active air cooling is achieved by the exhaust fan 4 creating negative pressure at the top of the main air duct 1a. Low-temperature external air is simultaneously drawn in from the air inlets 1c of each secondary air duct 1b on the same side, sweeping horizontally across the large surface of each battery pack and absorbing heat. After being heated, the air density decreases, causing it to naturally rise and flow into the main air duct 1a. Under the continuous suction of the fan, a forced convection loop with side entry and top exit is formed, quickly carrying heat out of the housing 1, achieving balanced and efficient active heat dissipation. Forced convection overcomes the temperature difference and wind resistance limitations of natural ventilation. Even under high-rate charging / discharging or high-temperature environments, the fan can maintain a stable and large airflow, rapidly removing heat from the battery pack, reducing temperature gradients and the risk of thermal runaway. Simultaneously, it maintains a consistent airflow speed in the secondary air ducts 1b, avoiding localized hotspots and improving system power density, cycle life, and all-weather operational reliability.

[0044] The power required for the operation of the exhaust fan 4 can be provided by the energy storage unit 3. There is no need to connect to the mains power. The system can operate independently without the mains power, saving the need for additional power distribution lines, reducing installation costs, and maintaining cooling capacity in the event of power failure or off-grid conditions. This prevents heat buildup when there is no mains power, improving safety redundancy and plug-and-play flexibility in outdoor scenarios.

[0045] To manage each battery pack, a control box 5 is also provided at the top of the upper shell 11. The control box 5 has a built-in BMS motherboard, sampling and communication module, and performs real-time inspection of the voltage and temperature of each battery pack through the longitudinal wiring harness. After the collected data is processed by the MCU, it outputs equalization, overcharge / over-discharge / over-temperature protection commands. The control box 5 synchronously drives the exhaust fan 4 to adjust its speed and start and stop, and interacts with the external PCS / EMS through the connection terminal 1211 of the base 12 to realize local energy scheduling, fault diagnosis and cloud uploading, and complete the closed-loop management of the entire energy storage system 100.

[0046] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Box (1); A sewage discharge structure (2) is provided in the box body (1); The energy storage unit (3) includes multiple battery packs stacked along the height direction of the housing (1); The housing (1) has a main air duct (1a) extending along the height direction of the housing (1), and the battery packs are spaced apart and enclosed with the housing to form a plurality of secondary air ducts (1b), and each of the secondary air ducts (1b) is connected to the main air duct (1a); the sewage discharge structure (2) is located at the lowest point of the main air duct (1a).

2. The energy storage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes an upper shell (11) and a base (12), the upper shell (11) is disposed on the base (12), and the upper shell (11), the base (12) and the energy storage unit (3) enclose to form the main air duct (1a); The base (12) has a first drain outlet (1222) facing the main air duct (1a), and the drain structure (2) is connected to the first drain outlet (1222).

3. The energy storage system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The base (12) is provided with a collection groove (1221) that opens toward the main air duct (1a). The collection groove (1221) gradually narrows from near the main air duct (1a) toward away from the main air duct (1a). The first drain outlet (1222) is located at the bottom of the collection groove (1221).

4. The energy storage system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The base (12) has a mounting plate (123) on one side. The mounting plate (123) has a first side (1231) and a second side (1232) arranged opposite to each other. The collection groove (1221) is located on the first side (1231), and the sewage discharge structure (2) is located on the second side (1232). The mounting plate (123) forms a second sewage discharge port (123a). The sewage discharge structure (2) has a sludge-holding groove (2a). The first sewage discharge port (1222) and the sludge-holding groove (2a) are connected through the second sewage discharge port (123a).

5. The energy storage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The base (12) includes a seat body (121) and a cover plate (122). The seat body (121) has a receiving cavity with an opening. The cover plate (122) covers the opening. The collecting groove (1221) is formed on the cover plate (122). The mounting plate (123) is disposed on the base (12).

6. The energy storage system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting plate (123) has a first groove (123b) on its first side (1231), and a first sealing ring (124) is provided in the first groove (123b). The first sealing ring (124) is located on the circumferential side of the second drain outlet (123a), and the cover plate (122) abuts against the first sealing ring (124); and / or The cover plate (122) is provided with a second groove (1223) facing the mounting plate (123), and a second sealing ring (125) is provided in the second groove (1223). The first sealing ring (124) and the second sealing ring (125) are misaligned and abut against each other.

7. The energy storage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The sewage discharge structure (2) is provided with a drain hole (2b), which connects the sewage tank (2a) to the outside.

8. The energy storage system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting plate (123) is provided with a guide rail (1233), which is located on the second side (1232). The sewage discharge structure (2) is provided with a hanging ear (21), which is slidably located on the guide rail (1233).

9. The energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes an exhaust fan (4), which is located at one end of the main air duct (1a) and away from the sewage discharge structure (2).

10. The energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The battery pack includes multiple battery cells stacked along the width or length of the housing (1).

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