Laying methods for paving stones

Abstract

Method for laying paving stones (1; AF) on a surface with a laying plan (2) which is designed as an information carrier for planned stone positions on the surface, using the laying plan (2) in a scale which corresponds to the original dimensions of at least part of the paving stones (1; AF) to be laid, wherein the following steps are carried out: (i) Laying out the laying plan (2) on at least part of the area to be covered; and ii) Laying the paving stones (1; AF) to be laid on the laying plan (2) according to the stone positions shown on the laying plan (2), characterized in that, in order to form a so-called random bond on the laying plan (2), the stone positions are shown in such a way that paving stones (1; AF) of different sizes are laid evenly distributed in size, but without a regular pattern repeated within small intervals.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for laying paving stones on a surface according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a laying plan used for this purpose according to the preamble of claim 7.

[0002] During construction projects, it is often necessary to create pedestrian or vehicular access to certain areas using a type of flooring. For areas subject to light to medium traffic, paving stones are frequently used, offering advantages over bonded surfaces like bitumen in terms of water permeability and frost resistance. Furthermore, repairs and minor modifications are easier to carry out, and paving stones generally have a more appealing appearance.

[0003] Often, when planning a construction project, the client places great importance on the aesthetic design of the paved areas. To prevent visual monotony, especially in larger areas, paving stones laid in a so-called "random pattern" are frequently chosen. This involves using paving stones of varying sizes, distributed as evenly as possible, but laid without a regular pattern repeated at close intervals. Different colored paving stones can also be used to further enhance the visual interest. For a "random pattern" to be executed correctly, care must be taken to ensure that there are neither long, continuous joints nor intersections in the joint pattern.

[0004] Paving stones are typically delivered to construction projects as bulk material or in so-called big bags, which are large sacks filled with paving stones. The installer then has to select individual paving stones from the dumped pile or the big bags and lay them on the prepared surface. They must ensure an even distribution of the different stone sizes. If this isn't done, it can happen that, even when most of the area is covered, large quantities of one stone size remain, while other sizes are scarce. Such an area paved with uniformly sized stones is visually unappealing and will be criticized by the client. As a result, the installer will either have to remove some of the already laid paving stones during the process to achieve a better distribution, or have to make corrections. This incurs significant costs for the installer.Even if the paver lays the paving stones without such an error, the difficulty of the installation and the resulting need for on-site planning still impair their work speed. This problem is exacerbated when using different colored paving stones, as it is equally undesirable if one area of ​​the paving consists mainly of dark stones while another is predominantly light-colored. Such a defect also necessitates rework and thus incurs high costs. Furthermore, in a random pattern, it is not considered professional if longer joints occur within the pattern or if there are even intersections in the paving joints. The paver must also consider these requirements when creating a random pattern and take them into account in their work.The necessary work-related considerations and checks significantly reduce the laying performance and yet offer no protection against potentially costly errors.

[0005] To counteract these risks, paving stones are delivered pre-sorted in color and size on a pallet. However, to avoid gaps and intersections in the joint pattern, it's necessary to swap the edge stones of each layer on the pallet in a specific pattern to ensure an interlocking effect between the individual layers of paving stones laid on the ground. To facilitate this, a small plan, approximately DIN A4 size, is included with such a pallet, marking the paving stones that need to be swapped. While this simplifies the process for the installer, it's essential to have the plan readily available and constantly refer to it during installation.Since it is difficult to check the correct position of the laid paving stones, there is still a risk that individual errors, especially intersections in the joint pattern, may creep in.

[0006] German patent DE 199 59 796 A1 discloses a method for laying paving stones of a uniform size, in which laying instructions are provided in the form of a drawing. German patent DE 299 10 051 U1 discloses a method for covering a roof with roof tiles, also of a uniform size. This method uses a strip that can be laid on the roof, on which the color of the tiles is printed in the original width.

[0007] German patent DE 297 10 241 U1 concerns the paving of outdoor traffic areas with paving stones of a uniform size, where these paving stones are laid in a bed of sand and / or gravel. For added stability, the paving stones are further supported by a perforated, flat load-bearing element placed on the bed. This load-bearing element is therefore made of steel, reinforced concrete, recycled plastic, or other rot-resistant material.

[0008] DE 102 58 591 A1 relates to a device for stabilizing the structure of a paving consisting of uniformly sized slabs, with anchors projecting from the paving into the subsoil. The anchors are arranged according to the structure of a grid mat and connected to each other by strips forming the grid, wherein the strips and anchors are made of plastic or another rot-resistant material.

[0009] CH 503 841 A relates to a covering for protecting the soil against erosion, consisting of a layer of adjacent, buttressed blocks of uniform shape and size. One or more mats are laid between the blocks and the soil. The blocks and mats can be made, for example, of compressed compost, so that they decompose as soon as vegetation is available to provide erosion control.

[0010] The objective is therefore to provide a method that reliably avoids the aforementioned problems and errors, enabling the installer to work quickly without the risk of manual errors and the associated costs of rework. This objective is achieved with the method according to claim 1 and the installation plan according to claim 7. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0011] To carry out the laying method according to the invention, a laying plan is used on which a section of the paving to be laid is depicted at a scale corresponding to the original dimensions of the paving stones to be laid in this section. This laying plan is placed directly onto the area to be paved, so that the paving stones can be laid directly onto the corresponding area of ​​the laying plan in their intended position. This eliminates costly errors for the installer and simultaneously relieves them of time-consuming planning and control.

[0012] Since covering larger areas with a single, large plan would be impractical, an advantageous embodiment of the invention uses separate laying plans for different sections of the area to be paved. By laying out the first section of the area with a laying plan, the installer can cover it with paving stones and then apply another laying plan to the edge of this plan, which can then be used for further paving. It is advantageous if the individual laying plans are produced with a certain overlap area so that the installer can precisely position the connecting laying plans during the paving process. In an advantageous embodiment, the overlap areas are visually different or contrasting from the rest of the plan area. This can be achieved, for example, by using a different color or a different print pattern.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, bulges and recesses can be provided in the edge area for the overlapping sections to avoid continuous and cross joints. These can also be present in the laying plan itself, so that a connecting plan can be flush against the corresponding edge of the first laying plan. In an advantageous variant, the laying plan is manufactured with perforations in the edge area, so that the installer can create the recesses and bulges in the edge area of ​​the laying plan himself during the laying process.

[0014] Since the laying plan remains in the ground beneath the paving after the paving is completed, it is advantageous if it is made of a biodegradable material. A paper that typically decomposes within a few months under normal weather conditions can be advantageously used for this purpose. To prevent environmental pollution from the inventive method, it is further advantageous if the laying plan is produced with one or more environmentally friendly printing inks. This applies in particular to any heavy metals and other toxins that may be contained in inks, which would preclude the use of such inks in the soil. Such ink components should therefore be avoided for the environmentally sound use of the laying plan.

[0015] Paving is often designed with permeable paving stones to improve water drainage, for example, from rainwater. It is important that the water, after passing through the paving stones and joints, can quickly enter the drainage layer in the subsoil. To prevent the layer of paving stones placed between the paving and drainage layers from obstructing water flow, a particular design incorporates a permeable layer of paving stones. This can be achieved, for example, by using a gauze or mesh as the backing material, or by perforating the backing material before or after printing. Other designs of permeable backing materials are also conceivable.

[0016] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description, as well as from the drawings of a preferred embodiment of the invention. These show: Fig. 1 a cross-section through the floor structure when using a laying plan according to the invention; Fig. 2. A supervised view of an exemplary laying arrangement printed on a laying plan; Fig. 3. A supervisor with a second laying plan, based on the first laying plan.

[0017] Fig. Figure 1 shows the construction of a paved area created using a laying plan 2 according to the invention. The laying plan 2 is laid out on the leveled and smoothed sub-base 3, usually consisting of gravel or sand or a mixture thereof. The paving stones 1 are placed on the laying plan 2 in their intended positions, allowing for a simple and quick installation in a "random pattern".

[0018] Such a laying plan 2 according to the invention is in Fig. Figure 2 shows the different stone sizes A to F printed on the laying plan and arranged so that installation without errors such as continuous or cross joints is possible without increased effort. The hatched paving stones represent those that are shown twice at the edge to illustrate the connection to the adjacent paved areas. The laid paving stones 1 extend beyond the edge line 4 of the laying plan at the edge.

[0019] Fig. 3 shows how to connect to laying plan 2 from Fig. 2. Another laying plan 2 is created to continue the paving. The overlap area 5 in the laying plans 2 allows for the easy creation of further laying plans 2, enabling the rapid creation of an attractive, "random bond" paved area without the risk of errors or uneven distribution of stone sizes.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the individual paving stones AF can be printed in different colors on the laying plan 2 according to the invention, so that multi-colored paving stones can also be laid easily and quickly. Reference symbol list: 1 paving stone 2. Layout plan 3 Floor, substructure 4 Edge line 5 Overlap area AF differently shaped paving stones

Claims

[1] Method for laying paving stones (1; AF) on a surface with a laying plan (2) designed as an information carrier for planned stone positions on the surface, using the laying plan (2) in a scale corresponding to the original dimensions of at least some of the paving stones (1; AF) to be laid, wherein the following steps are carried out: (i) Laying out the laying plan (2) on at least part of the area to be covered; and ii) Placing the paving stones (1; AF) to be laid on the laying plan (2) according to the stone positions shown on the laying plan (2). characterized by , that to form a so-called random bond on the laying plan (2) the stone positions are represented in such a way that paving stones of different sizes (1; AF) are distributed evenly in size, but are laid without a regular pattern repeated within small intervals. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that: i) at least one second laying plan (2) is applied to the area already occupied; and ii) the paving stones (1; AF) to be laid are placed on the second laying plan (2) according to the stone positions shown on the second laying plan (2). [3] Method according to claim 2, characterized by , that the second, third, etc. laying plan (2) is placed overlapping with one or more of the previously laid laying plans (2). [4] Method according to claim 2, characterized by , that the second, third, etc. laying plan (2) is placed flush with its edge or edges with one or more of the previously laid laying plans (2). [5] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the laying plan (2) is made from a biodegradable material. [6] Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the laying plan (2) defines the relative position of all paving stones (1; AF) of the paved area covered by the laying plan (2) to each other. [7] Laying plan (2) for paving stones (1; AF), in the form of a planar information carrier with a laying pattern on it which defines the relative position of the paving stones (1; AF) to each other, for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the laying plan (2) has dimensions which correspond to the original size of a paving section defined in this laying plan (2), and the planned laying pattern is defined on the laying plan (2) at a scale of 1:1, characterized by a design of the laying pattern on the laying plan (2) such that paving stones of different sizes (1; AF) are evenly distributed in size, but without a regular pattern repeated within small intervals. [8] Laying plan (2) according to claim 7, characterized bya training as an information carrier for peripherally located overlap areas (5) for the creation of one or more further connection laying plans (2). [9] Laying plan (2) according to claim 8, characterized by , that the or the multiple overlapping areas (5) are each designed with a contrasting color and / or a different printed pattern. [10] Laying plan (2) according to claim 7, characterized by , that the edge area of ​​the laying plan (2) has recesses and protrusions for a positive-locking, complementary connection of a supplementary laying plan (2). [11] Laying plan (2) according to claim 10, characterized by , that the edge area of ​​the laying plan (2) is formed with perforations to create recesses and bulges complementary to the laying pattern. [12] Layout plan (2) according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized by that it is made from biodegradable paper. [13] Laying plan (2) according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized by the laying pattern is produced using environmentally friendly printing inks. [14] Layout plan (2) according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized by a water-permeable carrier material, in particular a gauze, a net or a material perforated over a surface. [15] Layout plan (2) according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized by a use of different colors to print the positions of the paving stones (1; AF).

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