Shredding device for compostable material

Abstract

Shredding device (H) for compostable material, such as waste wood, pallets, wooden packaging, construction timber, brushwood, demolition wood, green waste and compost material, comprising: - a working rotor (5) rotating in a predetermined direction (R), on whose cylindrical surface (10) primary cutting tools (6, 6') rotating with the rotation are arranged in a fixed position, and - a secondary cutting tool carrier (7) on which secondary cutting tools (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are fixedly arranged relative to the primary cutting tools (6, 6'), and - a feed device (4) for the material (3) to be shredded, which leads from a loading space (2) to the working rotor (5), and - at least one wall (30) arranged substantially concentrically and at a distance from the flight circle (FK) of the rotating primary cutting tools (6, 6'), which at least partially encompasses the outer surface (10) of the working rotor (5, 5') forming a substantially annular flow channel (35), wherein - at least one area of ​​the wall (30) has a different composition, whereby - the location of at least one section of the wall (30) is changeable, and wherein - the material (3) in the flow channel (35) between the primary cutting tools (6; 6') and the wall (30) together with the secondary cutting tools (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) is crushed, characterized in that a scraper is arranged at, on or in the at least one area of ​​the wall (30) which has a different composition and whose position can be changed.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shredding device for compostable material, such as waste wood, pallets, wooden packaging, construction timber, brushwood, demolition wood, green waste and compost material, comprising a working rotor rotating in a predetermined direction, on the outer surface of which primary cutting tools are arranged rotating with the rotation, and a secondary cutting tool carrier on which secondary cutting tools are arranged that are stationary relative to the primary cutting tools, so that the material supplied by a feeding device is shredded between the primary and secondary cutting tools.

[0002] Shredding devices of this type are known in various embodiments. They have working cylinders, also called rotors or rollers, on whose outer surfaces radially outwardly directed chopping blades, teeth, spikes, tines or other working tools are arranged, which rotate with the working rotor and thereby shred the material to be shredded (cutting material) that is fed to the working rotor in conjunction with counter-tools that are stationary relative to it, usually in a fixed position.

[0003] These tools are equipped with cutting edges or cutting-like grindings that act as a splitting force on the material fed in for crushing. Among these are tools designed for rigid attachment to the cylindrical surface of the working rotor and equipped exclusively with cutting edges that, due to the predetermined orientation of the tool on the working rotor, always point in its direction of rotation, thus remaining continuously engaged with the material during operation of the device and therefore subject to wear.

[0004] The mode of operation of such a tool and its arrangement on the working rotor of a shredding device are described, for example, in DE 10 2007 043 687 A1.

[0005] Another flail-shaped tool for shredding compostable waste material is described in utility model DE 92 03 651 U1. This tool is also designed for rigid attachment to the outer surface of a working rotor and is equipped with cutting edges that always point in the direction of rotation.

[0006] A disadvantage of these tools is that after the service life has expired, the tool must be removed from the shredding device for resharpening of the cutting edges, which results in undesirable downtime, especially if it is a mobile shredding device and the resharpening has to be carried out in a workshop located far from the place of use.

[0007] German patent DE 297 14 130 U1 describes a shredding device in which the working rotor is equipped with tools in the form of indexable inserts. These inserts are equipped with cutting edges, only a portion of which are always actively engaged with the material, while the remaining cutting edges do not face the direction of rotation and thus serve as a passive reserve. Once the first set of cutting edges has worn down, the insert is reversed so that the previously unused cutting edges come into play. This minimizes downtime.

[0008] However, a disadvantage is that detaching these cutting plates from the working rotor and reattaching them after turning them is still very time-consuming. Furthermore, the orientation of the cutting edges, their arrangement on the cutting plate, and the geometry of the cutting plate are not suitable for shredding waste with a high proportion of green material.

[0009] A disadvantage of another type of shredding device, such as that described in DE 10 2004 031 932 A1, is interruptions due to material jams, which occur particularly when shredding waste with a relatively high proportion of green material.

[0010] To produce relatively small chips from the material being processed and to prevent material build-up, shredding devices of this type are designed with a substantially annular shredding channel arranged concentrically around the rotor, as disclosed in EP 2 065 091 B1 or DE 296 21 033 U1. Depending on the specific design, this shredding channel encloses the working rotor by one-third to three-quarters of a circular arc; often, the working rotor is only free in the material entry area. Additional cutting tools are arranged in this shredding channel, which, together with the cutting tools on the working rotor, act on the material being processed, for example, in a device according to DE 38 07 983 A1. Furthermore, sections of the typically arc-shaped wall bordering this shredding channel are sieve-like.Through the openings of the sieve-like sections, the produced material chips, once sufficiently shredded, emerge from the cutting unit and are conveyed away by a conveyor. However, even with these shredding devices designed for the production of relatively small chips according to US 5,863,002 A, US 6,047,912 A, or EP 2,281,635 A1, material jams, especially when shredding material with a high proportion of green material, cannot be avoided.

[0011] Multi-layered sieves are also known for these wall sections, in which the size of the sieve holes can be varied by shifting the individual sieve layers. However, such a measure makes the shredding device more expensive to manufacture compared to other designs and also more susceptible to contamination, in this case of the guide rails for shifting the individual sieve layers.

[0012] In these further shredding devices, a section of the wall delimiting the shredding channel, in particular a section of the screen area, is pivotally movable. If the operator of the shredding device or the control device of the shredding device notices that a material blockage is imminent due to a drop in the motor power of the working rotor or due to the activation of signal transmitters, this pivotable section of the wall can be opened so that material accumulations can escape from the conveying flow before a blockage occurs.

[0013] Based on this, the invention aims to design a comminution device of the type in such a way that the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided, or at least significantly reduced.

[0014] This problem is solved by a shredding device for compostable material having the features of claim 1. Subsequent claims 2 to 9 disclose further developments of the invention.

[0015] The new shredding device for compostable material, such as waste wood, pallets, wooden packaging, construction timber, brushwood, demolition wood, green waste and compost material, comprises a working rotor rotating in a predetermined direction, on whose surface primary cutting tools rotating with the rotation are fixedly arranged, and a secondary cutting tool carrier on which, relative to the primary cutting tools, rests Secondary cutting tools are arranged in a fixed position, and at least one substantially concentric and spaced-away wall, preferably concave-shaped, which encompasses the axial surface of the working rotor completely and at least partially in a circular arc, forming a substantially annular flow channel, as well as a feeding device for the material to be shredded.

[0016] At least one area of ​​the wall has a different composition, and the location of at least one area of ​​the wall is changeable.

[0017] The material is crushed between the primary cutting tools and the wall, into a section for the main crushing and a subsequent section for the secondary crushing of the common flow channel, together with the secondary cutting tools, wherein, according to the invention, a scraper temporarily engaging in the flow channel is arranged at, on or in at least one area of ​​the wall.

[0018] This shredding device incorporates the latest innovation and can be used universally for biomass processing or composting. Fixed tools and a load-adapted rotational speed result in reduced noise and dust, significantly lower operating costs, and thus improved efficiency. Its main applications include shredding green waste and compost material, wooden packaging and bulky wood waste, as well as demolition wood, even with a limited amount of metallic and inorganic components.

[0019] For clarity, in the following description, the rotating cutting tools are referred to as primary cutting tools, the stationary counter-cutting tools as secondary cutting tools, and the carrier for the counter-cutting tools as the secondary cutting tool carrier. Generantine lines, as used in the invention, are straight lines aligned parallel to the respective axis of rotation of the working rotor or the auxiliary rotor. The assignment of primary cutting tools to secondary cutting tools and vice versa means that the cutting edges formed on a primary cutting tool are operatively related to the cutting edges on the associated secondary cutting tool with regard to the comminution process.

[0020] The secondary cutting tools are pivotally mounted in the entry area through a limited angle, with the pivot axis aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the working rotor. The secondary cutting tools pivot through this angle when a preset load is exceeded, until they are no longer engaged with the rotating primary cutting tools.

[0021] In another embodiment, the entire secondary cutting tool carrier is pivotably mounted through a limited angle, with the pivot axis being aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the working rotor. The pivoting of the secondary cutting tool carrier is designed such that the secondary cutting tools either disengage from the primary cutting tools or, at the very least, reduce or increase their radial distance to the working rotor by a predetermined amount.

[0022] Pneumatic or hydraulic actuators can be used and connected to the pivotably mounted assemblies via lever gears.

[0023] In another embodiment of the shredding device, the primary cutting tools are designed as cutting plates, and each primary cutting tool is equipped with two groups of cutting edges that are symmetrically opposed to each other with respect to an axis of symmetry. The primary cutting tools are arranged on the working rotor such that one of these cutting edge groups points in the direction of rotation of the working rotor, while the other cutting edge group points in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation.

[0024] The primary cutting tools project outwards beyond the cylindrical surface of the working rotor with a first section containing the cutting edges, while a second section projects through the cylindrical surface into the working rotor and is detachably and permanently connected to it by clamping elements of clamping units. The axis of symmetry of each primary cutting tool forms an angle with a normal to the cylindrical surface in the range 0° ≤ α < 90°, for example, 45°. The axis of symmetry, the cylindrical surface, and the axis of rotation of the working rotor lie in a common plane. Preferably, the primary cutting tools are inclined in opposite directions.

[0025] The two primary cutting tools of such a pair are detachably attached to or within the working rotor by a common clamping element of a clamping unit. If the cutting group pointing in the direction of rotation becomes dull during the shredding process, the clamping element and both symmetrically opposed primary cutting tools can be easily detached from the working rotor using a hand tool. After rotating the primary cutting tools 180° around the normal, they are reattached to the working rotor. This reverses the orientations of the cutting group of both primary cutting tools relative to the direction of rotation of the working rotor. The cutting edges, which were previously oriented opposite to the direction of rotation and are therefore still sharp, now point in the direction of rotation and will subsequently participate in the shredding process.

[0026] The cutting edges on the secondary cutting tools are inclined accordingly so that they interact with the passing primary cutting tools as required when operating the shredding device.

[0027] The cutting edges formed on the primary cutting tools and / or the cutting edges formed on the secondary cutting tools are wavy and / or serrated. The cutting edges of the primary cutting tools, which are positioned at a distance from each other, are preferably convex towards the body or tapered in a V-shape towards their second section. In a preferred embodiment, the wall partially encompassing the working rotor is formed by, in enumeration, a first region, a second region, a third region, and a fourth region, wherein the first region is essentially the secondary cutting tool carrier, the adjoining second region and the subsequent third region are sieve-like, and the adjoining fourth region opens at the top into an inlet area provided at the end of the feed device. The clearing device according to the invention is arranged at, on, or in the second region and / or the third region of the wall.

[0028] According to another design variant, the scraper is a rotor for secondary shredding, with at least one tooth on its outer surface that partially penetrates or replaces the wall area.

[0029] According to the invention, it is advantageous that the rotor for secondary crushing is arranged such that the at least one tooth acts as a counter-edge in a combing action with the primary cutting tools of the working rotor.

[0030] According to another embodiment, the rotor for further shredding is also arranged in such a way that at least one tooth acts like a counter blade with a secondary cutting tool arranged at the end of the secondary cutting tool carrier in a combing manner.

[0031] Another design variant is such that several teeth of the rotor are arranged in a line next to each other and parallel to its rotor axis for further shredding, forming a cutting tooth strip that is at least partially wavy and / or jagged.

[0032] Further advantages are achieved if, according to the invention, at least one tooth or toothed strip of the rotor engages in a combing manner through the free initial section of the subsequent third or fourth area of ​​the wall for a secondary comminution.

[0033] According to another embodiment, the scraper according to the invention is the second area of ​​the wall, wherein it rotates or is rotatable about a horizontal axis located centrally on the second area in the direction of flow, so that its respective end area temporarily combs through the flight circle of the primary cutting tools and interacts with them.

[0034] According to a further embodiment according to the invention, the scraper is also the second area of ​​the wall, wherein it rotates about a horizontal axis located centrally on the second area in the direction of flow, so that its respective end area temporarily combs through the last secondary cutting tools in the direction of flow and interacts with them.

[0035] The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. The accompanying drawings show – without limitation – a schematic representation of: Fig. 1 A mobile shredding device for compostable material in a schematic side view representation; Fig. 2a Details of the cutting unit of the shredding device, consisting of primary and secondary cutting tool carriers, according to Fig. 1; Fig. 2b the secondary cutting tool holder Fig. 2a in single view in a perspective view; Fig. 2c the working rotor from the Fig. 1 in single view and perspective view along with details on the arrangement of the primary cutting tools in a second variant; Fig. 3a the area of ​​the cutting unit of the shredding device according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a, however, here with further details concerning the embodiment according to the invention with a clearing tool; Fig. 3b shows details of the representation according to Fig. 3a and in the Fig. 3c and Fig. Further details are shown in 3D, which are in the Fig. 3b are marked with arrows C and D.

[0036] The representation of the comminution device H in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a is the same. Repeated reference symbols have the same meaning in each of the two figures as well as in the subsequent figures. Fig. 2a was manufactured so that in the Fig. 1. No overload with reference symbols occurs, thus improving clarity. Fig. Figure 1 schematically depicts a mobile shredding device H for compostable material of the aforementioned type. This device essentially consists of a loading chamber 2 for the material 3 (shredded material) to be shredded, arranged on a chassis 1, and a feeding device 4 designed to advance the material 3 to a working rotor 5, which rotates in direction R and on whose circumference cutting tools 6 are arranged. Fig. 2a, which rotate with the working rotor 5, and a carrier 7 with counter-cutting tools that are stationary relative to the rotating cutting tools.

[0037] Furthermore, a conveying device 9 is available for the now shredded material 3 (material chips).

[0038] The transition from the loading chamber 2 to the cutting unit is the entry area E. A wall 30 is provided concentrically around the working rotor 5, with its axis of rotation 12, and at a distance from the cutting circle (C) of the rotating primary cutting tools 6. This wall is preferably concave in shape. This is advantageous, but not mandatory. The wall 30 encompasses approximately three-quarters of the circumference of the rotor 5. The wall begins in the lower region of the inlet area E, then follows the direction of rotation R, and ends in the upper region of the inlet area E, essentially at the rotor-side end of the cargo space 2. The wall 30 is divided into several sections. These consist of a first section 31, followed by a second section 32, then a third section 33, and finally a fourth section 34. The starting and ending edges of the individual sections of adjacent areas 31 to 34 are spaced apart. This spacing is sufficient to prevent unintentionally pulverized material from escaping. The wall 30, with its sections 31 to 34, together with the outer surface of the rotor 5, forms an annular flow channel 35.This flow channel 35 is divided into a first section 36 for primary comminution, a second section 37 for secondary comminution, and a third section 38 for the return of insufficiently comminuted material to the rotor inlet area. The first section 31 of the wall 30 is formed by the secondary cutting tool carrier 7. The following second section 32 and third section 33 of the wall 30 together cover the second section 37 of the flow channel, i.e., the section for secondary comminution. The fourth section 34 of the wall 30 corresponds to the third section 38 of the flow channel, the section in which the aforementioned return of insufficiently comminuted material takes place. Openings 39 are provided in the second section 32 and the third section 33 of the wall 30, so that this entire section, corresponding to the second section 37 of the flow channel for secondary comminution, is sieve-type.This area is also the outlet area A for horizontally shredded material, i.e., the material chips from the flow channel 35, the working channel of the cutting unit. The exiting material chips then fall onto the conveying device designated by reference numeral 9 and are transported away according to the arrow, which is not further specified there. Reference numeral G designates the housing of the shredding device H, which is only shown schematically here.

[0039] As already mentioned, for better differentiation the rotating cutting tools are referred to as primary cutting tools 6, the counter-cutting tools as secondary cutting tools 8 and the carrier for the counter-cutting tools as secondary cutting tool carrier 7.

[0040] The secondary cutting tool carrier 7 is designed in a circular arc shape so that it concentrically surrounds the working cylinder 5, starting in the direction of rotation R at the inlet area E for the material 3 to be shredded and extending to the outlet area A ( Fig. 3a) extending to the now crushed material 3. From Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b it is further evident that the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 is provided with secondary cutting tools 8 in the entry area E, in the exit area A and in the area Z between the two areas E and A.

[0041] The secondary cutting tools 8.1 located in the entry area E are arranged on a shaft that can be pivoted by a limited angle, with the pivot axis 11 being aligned parallel to the rotation axis 12 of the working cylinder 5. The in Fig. 2b The shaft, not explicitly shown, is connected to an actuator via a pivot lever. The secondary cutting tools 8.1 are located in the Fig. 2a shows the situation in engagement position with the rotating primary cutting tools 6, i.e. the material 3 is crushed in a first step between the secondary cutting tools 8.1 and the rotating primary cutting tools 6. When the secondary cutting tools 8.1 are pivoted, they move out of the flight circle FK of the primary cutting tools 6 and are no longer engaged with them.

[0042] The swiveling is carried out, for example, for the purpose of cleaning the entrance area E or, in particular, when there are operational disruptions due to material 3 accumulating in this area.

[0043] The secondary cutting tools 8.2 located in the intermediate area Z and the secondary cutting tools 8.3 located in the exit area A are, unlike the secondary cutting tools 8.1, rigidly connected to the secondary cutting tool carrier 7. However, the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 is pivotally mounted about a pivot axis 15, which, like the pivot axis 11, is aligned parallel to the rotation axis 12 of the working cylinder 5, allowing it to pivot through a limited angle. This pivoting through this angle can be initiated by means of a further actuator 16. A hydraulic drive cylinder can also be provided as the actuator 16.

[0044] The secondary cutting tools 8.2, 8.3 are located in the Fig. In the situation shown in Figure 2a, the material 3 is engaged with the rotating primary cutting tools 6, i.e., it is further reduced in size between the secondary cutting tools 8.2, 8.3 and the rotating primary cutting tools 6. If the secondary cutting tool holder 7 is pivoted by the aforementioned angle, the secondary cutting tools 8.2, 8.3 move out of the cutting circle FK of the primary cutting tools 6 and are no longer engaged with them. The pivoting through this angle is performed, for example, for the purpose of cleaning the intermediate area Z and the exit area A, or particularly when malfunctions occur due to material 3 or foreign bodies accumulating in these areas. Furthermore, a spacer device 17, shown here symbolically, may be provided, which serves to adjust the radial distance between the secondary cutting tools 8.2, 8.3 and the passing primary cutting tools 6.

[0045] Fig. Figure 2b shows the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 in detail in a perspective view. It can be seen that the secondary cutting tools 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are positioned on generatrix lines in their respective areas, i.e., parallel to the center of curvature of the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 or to the axis of rotation of the working cylinder 5, but at different distances from each other on these generatrix lines. Naturally, each position of a secondary cutting tool 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 on the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 corresponds to the position of at least one primary cutting tool 6 on the working cylinder 5, and these tools interact with each other during the comminution of the material 3.

[0046] A significant advantage of this arrangement compared to the prior art is that, due to the different distances of the secondary cutting tools 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 in the successive generatrix lines, the material 3, which moves in the direction of rotation during the comminution process, is subjected to movement impulses perpendicular to the direction of travel, which cause the material, already pre-comminuted in the entry area E, to be turned back and forth, thereby increasing the efficiency of the material comminution.

[0047] The invention is not limited to what has been illustrated and the exemplary embodiments described above, but also includes, in particular, variants that can be formed by combining features or elements described in connection with the present invention. Furthermore, individual features or functionalities described in connection with the figures may, on their own, constitute an independent invention. The applicant therefore reserves the right to claim further features of essential importance to the invention that have so far only been disclosed in the description, particularly in connection with the figures. The patent claims filed with the application are thus merely suggested formulations without prejudice to the obtaining of further patent protection.

[0048] In a further embodiment, the working rotor 5 is such that the working cylinder 5' has six groove-shaped recesses V1, ..., V6 instead of four, which are also machined axially parallel into its cylindrical surface and serve to receive the primary cutting tools 6' together with their clamping unit 25, see Fig. 2c.

[0049] Compostable material within the meaning of the invention includes green waste, wooden packaging, bulky wood waste, demolition wood, waste wood, fresh wood, bark, industrial wood waste and compost in various stages of decomposition.

[0050] In the Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b is a section of the new, inventive shredding device for compostable material, the section of the cutting unit, shown schematically in a side view and partially in section. The reference symbols that already belong to the Fig. 1 and Fig. The terms 2a, which were specified, have the same meaning here.

[0051] The working rotor 5, located in the end region of the feeding device 4, is partially surrounded concentrically by a substantially concave wall 30, which is formed by the first region 31, the second region 32, the third region 33, and the fourth region 34. The space formed between the shell of the working rotor 5 and the inner walls of regions 31, 32, 33, and 34 is the flow channel 35.

[0052] This flow channel 35 is subdivided from its beginning to its end into a section 36 for the main comminution, a subsequent section 37 for the secondary comminution and a subsequent section 38 for the return of insufficiently comminuted material to the inlet area of ​​the cutting unit, in principle to the end area of ​​the feed device 4. The first area 31 of the wall 30 is also formed here by the secondary cutting tool carrier 7. In the first section 36 of the flow channel 35, the secondary cutting tools are arranged facing the working rotor 5. Regarding the details of the arrangement of these secondary cutting tools, reference is made to the Fig. 2b and the associated description are referenced.

[0053] The second section 37 of the flow channel 35 is closed off to the outside by the second section 32 and the third section 33 of the wall 30. The second section 32 of the wall 30 is replaced here by a rotor for secondary comminution 40. This rotor for secondary comminution 40 is arranged such that its cutting teeth 42, which are arranged in several rows on its outer surface, mesh into the cutting circle FK of the primary cutting tools 6 when rotating. This ensures that, after the main comminution of the supplied material 3 in the subsequent section 37 of the flow channel, in which the sieve-like sections 32 and 33 of the wall are located, a further secondary comminution takes place, producing very small material chips that exit the outlet area A of the flow and comminution channel 35, in particular its section 37, more easily and quickly through the openings 39.

[0054] In the Fig. 3a and Fig. Figure 3b also shows that the rotor for secondary comminution 40, the scraper according to the invention, is arranged such that its cutting teeth 42 also engage in a combing manner with the secondary cutting tools 8.4 arranged in the end region of the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 and simultaneously in the end region of the first section 36 of the flow channel 35, the section of the main comminution. This results, firstly, in further comminution of the already comminuted material 3, and secondly, in the end region of the first section 36 of the flow channel 35 and the beginning region of the second section 37 of the flow channel 35 being temporarily closed and then reopened for a specific period of time. This process is repeated alternately as long as the rotor for secondary comminution 40 rotates in the direction of rotation RN. The opening of the flow channel 35 at this point, in addition to the openings 39 in the second area 32 and the third area 33 of the wall 30, takes place after the passing of the secondary cutting tools 8.4 by a cutting tooth 42 or by cutting teeth 42 of a series of cutting teeth on the rotor 40 until the time at which the cutting tooth 42 or the cutting teeth 42 of the following cutting tooth strip 43 reach the secondary cutting tools 8.4.

[0055] Furthermore, the rotor for secondary shredding 40 is also arranged such that the cutting teeth 42, when passing the initial area of ​​the third section 33 of the wall 30, also engage its free edge 33a in a combing motion. This ensures that the material chips that have accumulated on this sieve-like section of the wall 30 and form material jams, which occurs particularly when there is a very high proportion of green matter in the material to be processed, are torn away from the inner wall of this sieve-like third section 33 and are also forced back into the secondary shredding area or fall back into this area, where they are then shredded again, so that any clumps or other accumulations of material that have formed are generally broken up again.

[0056] The dashed arrow P indicates that in the event of a malfunction, for example by the introduction of foreign material into the flow channel, in particular into the first section 36, the section of the main comminution, the secondary cutting tool carrier 7 can be lowered by a command from the operator or a corresponding signal in the control of the comminution device by rotating it about its front pivot axis 15, so that, viewed in the direction of flow, the flow channel 35 opens in a wedge shape in the first section 36. Arrows C and D each indicate a view of parts of the cutting mechanism of this shredding device H, which are described below. Fig. 3c and Fig. 3D will be explained in more detail. The cutting teeth 42 arranged on the outer surface of the rotor for secondary crushing 40 are each supported by webs 44 which are also fixed on the outer surface of the rotor 40. With the Fig. Figure 3c examines the area of ​​the cutting unit visible in the direction indicated by arrow C. This is the area where the primary cutting tools 6 of the working rotor 5 and the secondary cutting teeth 42 of the rotor 40 mesh against each other. Multiple cutting teeth 42 of the rotor 40 are arranged side by side along a line parallel to the axis of rotation 41, forming a toothed bar 43. It can be seen that the inclined primary cutting tools 6 pass close to the flanks of the cutting teeth 42, creating a counter-edge action. The arrangement of the primary cutting tools 6 on the cylindrical surface 10 of the working rotor 5 was already described earlier in connection with the explanation of the Fig. 2c explained.

[0057] In the Fig. Figure 3D shows a further detail of the rotor's operation for secondary shredding 40 in this cutting unit. The view is in the direction indicated by arrow D, see [reference]. Fig.3b, on a region of the rotor's outer surface for secondary comminution 40 and on the secondary cutting tools 8.4 arranged in a row in the form of a strip. In the position shown, the cutting teeth 42 of the rotor for secondary comminution 40, also arranged in a row, are at the same height as the secondary cutting tools 8.4. In this operating position, the end region of the first section 36 of the flow channel 35 and the beginning section of the second section 37 of the flow channel 35 are closed. With further rotation, this region will then open in the second region 32 of the wall 30, so that comminutioned material can pass through the outlet region A of the flow channel 35.The cutting tooth strip 43, which follows in the direction of rotation, with cutting teeth 42, will soon close this temporary opening in the wall 30 again, so that the cutting tools, the primary cutting tools 6, the cutting teeth 42 as well as the secondary cutting tools, in particular 8.2 and 8.3, can act more intensively on the material to be crushed. Reference symbol list 1 chassis 2 cargo spaces 3 Material 4 6, Feeding device 5.5' working rotor (cylindrical) 6' Primary cutting tool 7 Secondary cutting tool holders 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4 Secondary cutting tools 9 Funding facility 10 Surface area 11 Swivel axis 12 Rotation axis (from position 5, 5') 15 Swivel axis 16 actuators 17 Distance device 25 clamping units 30 concave walls 31 first area (shell element) 32 second area (shell element or rotor) 33 third area (sieve-like shell element) 33a free edge (of position 33) 34 fourth area (shell element) 35 Flow channel 36 Section of the main crushing process 37 Section of the secondary crushing Section 38 of the repatriation 39 openings (in positions 32 and 33) 40 Rotor for secondary shredding (scraper) 41 Rotor axis (from position 40) 42 incisors 43 toothed strip 44 bridges A Exit area B Width (from position 5; 5') C, D Viewing directions (views) E Entrance area FK flight circle of the rotating primary cutting tools FN flight circle of the rotating cutting tools on the rotor of the secondary shredding unit G Housing H Shredding device (universal hacker) P arrow R Direction of rotation (from position 5; 5') RN Rotation direction (from position 40) V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 wells Z Intermediate range

Claims

[1] Shredding device (H) for compostable material, such as waste wood, pallets, wooden packaging, construction timber, shrubbery, demolition wood, green waste and compost material, comprising: - a working rotor (5) rotating in a predetermined direction (R), on the outer surface (10) of which primary cutting tools (6, 6') are arranged in a fixed position, rotating with the rotation, and - a secondary cutting tool carrier (7) on which secondary cutting tools (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) are arranged in a stationary manner relative to the primary cutting tools (6, 6'), and - a feeding device (4) for the material (3) to be shredded, which leads from a loading space (2) to the working rotor (5), and - at least one wall (30) arranged substantially concentrically and at a distance from the flight circle (FK) of the rotating primary cutting tools (6, 6'), which wall at least partially encompasses the lateral surface (10) of the working rotor (5, 5'), forming a substantially annular flow channel (35), wherein - at least one region of the wall (30) has a different nature, wherein - the location of this at least one region of the wall (30) is variable, and wherein - the material (3) is crushed in the flow channel (35) between the primary cutting tools (6; 6') and the wall (30) together with the secondary cutting tools (8.1, 8.2, 8.3), characterized by that a scraper is arranged at, on or in the at least one region of the wall (30) which has a different nature and is variable in its location. [2] Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized bythat the wall (30), from its beginning to its end, in each case following one after the other in list, has a first region (31), a second region (32), a third region (33) and a fourth region (34), wherein the first region (31) is essentially formed by the secondary cutting tool carrier (7) and the adjoining second region (32) and the then following third region (33) are designed like a sieve, and the adjoining fourth region (34) opens at the top into an inlet region (E) provided at the end of the feed device (4), and the scraper is arranged at, on or in the second region (32) and / or the third region (33) of the wall (30). [3] Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized by that the scraper is a rotor for secondary comminution (40), with at least one tooth (42) on its outer surface, and partially penetrates the area (32; 33) of the wall (30) or replaces the same. [4] Crushing device according to claim 3, characterized by that the rotor for a secondary comminution (40) is arranged such that the at least one tooth (42) acts like a counter-cutting edge in a meshing manner with the primary cutting tools (6, 6') of the working rotor (5, 5'). [5] Crushing device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by that the rotor for a secondary comminution (40) is also arranged such that the at least one tooth (42) acts like a counter-cutting edge in a meshing manner with a secondary cutting tool (8.4) arranged at the end region of the secondary cutting tool carrier (7). [6] Crushing device according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized by that several teeth (42) of the rotor for a secondary comminution (40) are arranged in a line next to one another and parallel to its rotor axis (41) and form a cutting tooth strip (43) which is at least partially wave-shaped and / or serrated. [7] Crushing device according to claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized by that the at least one tooth (42) or the toothed strip (43) of the rotor for a subsequent comminution (40) meshes through the free initial section (33a) of the adjoining, third or fourth region (33; 34) of the wall (30). [8] Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized by that the scraper is the second region (32) of the wall (30), wherein the latter rotates about a horizontal axis arranged centrally on the second region, as seen in the direction of flow, so that its (32) respective end region temporarily meshes through the flight circle (FK) and interacts with the primary cutting tools (6; 6'). [9] Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized bythat the scraper is the second region (32) of the wall (30), wherein the latter rotates about a horizontal axis arranged centrally on the second region, as seen in the direction of flow, so that its (32) respective end region temporarily meshes through the last secondary cutting tools (8.4) and interacts with them.

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