Rotating multi-level pipe magazine with at least one semi-automatic tool holder

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotating multi-level tubular magazine with several tool holding levels and tool holding rows, in the interior of which several work spindles, one per tool holding level, are mounted in a rigid central block arranged stationary on the machine tool side. A magazine tubular body is mounted on a central block and can be moved transversely and rotated about its axis. The magazine tubular body has a storage cover for each tool holding row for storing several tool holders. The storage cover, with the tool holders required for workpiece machining, can be brought into a working position in front of the work spindles both in the direction of rotation of the magazine tubular body and in the direction of displacement. At least one dynamic tool holder has a tool-holding interface that can be opened by switching on or supplying external energy. The present invention develops a rotating multi-level tube magazine that can simultaneously position tool-carrying tool holders in front of several work spindles with repeatable accuracy and short tool change times for engagement and driving. Tool changes should also be possible during operation.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rotating multi-level tube magazine with several tool holding levels and tool holding rows, in the interior of which several work spindles, one per tool holding level, are mounted in a rigid central block arranged in a fixed position on the machine tool side.

[0002] Most machining centers, in which several comparable machining operations are performed simultaneously, use turrets with multiple tool levels, cf. DE 20 2014 105 912 U1. The turrets shown here, for example, are used to machine a four-cylinder engine housing. All tools arranged on the turret have their own drives or are controlled via a gear unit located within the turret. Each tool-carrying tool holder is held rigidly in the rotating base body of the turret by means of a high-precision interface. This means that the massive, heavy base body must be pivoted further with each cycle from one tool group to the next. High dynamics cannot be achieved during this changeover phase.

[0003] A turret is also known from EP 1 399 293 B2. In this variant, a drive spindle is housed in the center, which is supported on the machine tool by means of a torque arm. A disk-shaped turret rotates around the drive spindle. The latter supports the various tool holders. Between the turret and the drive spindle is a hydraulically controlled sliding coupling with backlash, via which the shaft of the work spindle is coupled to the shaft of the tool holder. In order to achieve acceptable repeatability, the turret must also be dimensionally rigid and solid. Since the moment of inertia of a rotating body such as a turret depends on the square of the radius, the cycle dynamics of this solution are only slightly better than in the subject matter of utility model DE 20 2014 105 912 U1.

[0004] A tool turret is thus a carrier for several driven tools. Tools are firmly mounted and precisely aligned on its base body, e.g., a faceplate or a star. The base body, the central component of the tool turret, transmits the machining forces and moments generated by the tool directly to the machine tool. The base body must therefore be sufficiently rigid that no positional deviations occur at the cutting edge of the tool during the machining process. The carrier thus maintains the tool position under machining load. In addition, the tool holders on turret heads must be realigned each time they are replaced.

[0005] DE 10 2012 104 490 A1 discloses a tool carrier system for a machine tool, in which a base part, in which a work spindle is arranged, is attached to a workpiece carrier base. A flange is also mounted on the workpiece carrier base, which can be moved relative to the base part by means of a lifting cylinder. A tool carrier unit is rotatably mounted on the flange. The latter stores the tool holders as a magazine. For work, the tool carrier unit is moved against the front of the work spindle located in the base part in order to couple the work spindle to the selected tool holder. After coupling, the tool carrier unit performs another stroke against the front of the work spindle in order to release the tool holder from its locking position on the tool carrier unit.

[0006] DE 10 2013 013 050 A1 discloses a machine tool for machining workpieces with two spindle assemblies. WO 2012 / 172 415 A1 discloses an electrospindle with a tool changing device. WO 2015 / 008 124 A1 discloses a turret for a machine tool.

[0007] The present invention is based on the problem of developing a rotating multi-level tube magazine that can simultaneously position tool-carrying tool holders or tools for clamping and driving in front of several work spindles with repeatable accuracy – while shortening tool change times. Tool changes should also be possible during operation.

[0008] The problem is solved with the features of patent claim 1. For this purpose, the central block supports a single- or multi-part magazine tube carrier on a driven, sliding, roller- and / or plain bearing transverse to the central block's own centerline. The single- or multi-part magazine tube carrier supports a magazine tube body, which has several tool holding levels and rows, on a rolling or plain bearing, rotatably about the central block. The magazine tube body has a storage cover for each tool holding row to accommodate several tool holders, the number of which corresponds at most to the number of tool holding levels. The storage cover, with the tool holders required for workpiece machining, can be positioned in front of the front end faces of the work spindles both in the direction of rotation of the magazine tube body and in the direction of displacement of the magazine tube carrier - in a working position.At least one dynamic tool holder has a tool-receiving interface located in a magazine position and openable for tool insertion and / or removal by switching on or supplying external energy. The work spindles are arranged side by side, and their centerlines are oriented parallel to the direction of travel of the magazine tube carrier.

[0009] A tool magazine in the form of the multi-level tubular magazine described above is considered a peripheral device of a machine tool. It is used to store or “save” tools that the machine tool is not currently using. In this example, it is combined with the simultaneous feeding of several tools to several work spindles. In the tool magazine, the tools are stored in a tubular magazine body with only enough precision for the work spindles to pick them up. Only after the work spindles have taken over the tools with their clamping devices are the tools positioned in the machine tool precisely and with repeatable accuracy. The work spindles transfer the machining forces to the machine tool via their housings. The tool-storing storage locations of the magazine surround the rotating tools with considerable clearance, without supporting them or influencing them in any other way.

[0010] Since the magazine tube body has no function during workpiece machining, it only needs to support the weight of the tool holders and tools stored within it. It also needs to be rigid enough to allow the work spindles to grip the tool holders with their clamping devices. This allows the magazine tube body to have very thin walls compared to the tool-carrying head of a turret. Materials with a modulus of elasticity below 80,000 N / mm² can be used for the magazine tube body. 2This makes aluminum alloys or composite materials based on fiberglass or carbon fiber possible. As a result, the polar moment of inertia of the magazine tube body can be reduced by a factor of more than 15 compared to a turret head with comparable external dimensions due to the thinner wall thickness and lower material density. This has a direct impact on the magazine's dynamics. A 360-degree rotation allows for a rotational speed increase several times that of a conventional turret.

[0011] The tool holders are stored in storage covers in the magazine tube body. Each storage cover can accommodate as many tool holders as the magazine tube body has tool holder levels. This allows multiple tool holders to be exchanged simultaneously during reloading or restocking.

[0012] The multi-level tube magazine is suitable for storing dynamic tool holders on which tools can be inserted and / or removed manually or with robot support while the work spindles are machining the workpiece(s) with other tools. For this purpose, the corresponding dynamic tool holder is designed as a semi-automatic machine. The tool holder has its own interface with clamping devices, which can be opened from the outside, for example, by a machine operator. The tool to be replaced is held pre-tensioned in the interface by a spring force, provided the tool holder is in its magazine position. To open the respective clamping device, work is briefly carried out against the effect of the spring force using a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure medium. The tool can be changed while the clamping device is in the open position.When using compressed air as a pressure medium, it can be supplied to the tool holder using a hand-held compressed air blow gun.

[0013] Insertion and / or removal takes place specifically at the tool holders, which are in their magazine position and far enough away from the current machining location. Instead of manually assisted tool changes using a compressed air gun, the pressure medium can also be supplied to the semi-automatic tool holder via the machine tool. In this case, a directional control valve is located in the tool holder or in its immediate vicinity. The directional control valve can then be operated manually. If the tool is to be removed using a handling device, the device can also press the directional control valve button. In another variant of using a handling device, the directional control valve can be operated electrically by the control system of the handling device and / or the machine tool.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level tube magazine, the interface of the dynamic tool holder has a spring accumulator which positions a collet in the clamping position by means of spring force.

[0015] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level tube magazine, the interface of the dynamic tool holder has a cylinder-piston unit, the piston of which positions the collet in the release position by means of compressed air or hydraulic oil.

[0016] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level tube magazine, the dynamic tool holder in the magazine position is connected to the storage cover via a pressure medium-carrying system of bores.

[0017] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level tube magazine, the storage cover supporting the dynamic tool holder has a pressure medium inlet connection to which the system of bores is connected.

[0018] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level pipe magazine, the pressure medium inlet connection is an annular elastomer body through which compressed air can be introduced into the system from bores from the outside.

[0019] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level tube magazine, the system of bores can be connected via the magazine tube body and the central block on the machine tool side in order to keep the system permanently under pressure.

[0020] In a further preferred embodiment of the rotating multi-level pipe magazine, a manually operable directional control valve with a closed position is connected to the system in the storage cover, via which - when actuated - the cylinder-piston unit can be supplied with compressed air.

[0021] Further details of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following descriptions of schematically illustrated embodiments. Fig. 1: Perspective view of a machine tool equipped with a multi-level tube magazine; Fig. 2: Perspective view of the multi-level tube magazine; Fig. 3: Perspective view of the multi-level tube magazine without storage cover and tool holder, reduced; Fig. 4: Magnification to Fig. 3, but without magazine tube body and magazine support cover; Fig. 5: Longitudinal section of the multi-level tube magazine; Fig. 6: Cross section of the multi-level tube magazine; Fig. 7: Longitudinal section of a work spindle; Fig. 8: Longitudinal section of the front area of the work spindle after Fig. 7, enlarged; Fig. 9: Longitudinal section of the rear area of the work spindle after Fig. 7, enlarged; Fig. 10: Partial section through the multi-level tube magazine with non-adapted tool holder; Fig. 11: enlarged detail of Fig. 10; Fig. 12: Partial section through the multi-level tube magazine with the tool holder brought forward but not yet adapted; Fig. 13: enlarged detail of Fig. 12; Fig. 14: Partial section through the multi-level tube magazine with adapted tool holder; Fig. 15: enlarged detail of Fig. 14; Fig. 16: Section through a tool unit; Fig. 17: Section through a first dynamic tool holder for a semi-automatic tool change; Fig. 18: Partial section of Fig. 17 with clamped interface without inserted tool; Fig. 19: Section through a static tool holder with a Capto interface; Fig. 20: Section through a static tool holder in the form of a parallel gripper; Fig. 21: Section through a storage cover and a retaining ring. Fig. 22: Half section through the dynamic tool holder according to Fig. 17 for a semi-automatic tool change, enlarged; Fig. 23: Section through a second dynamic tool holder for a semi-automatic tool change during tool holding; Fig. 24: how Fig. 23, but after the tool holder; Fig. 25: Perspective view of mandrel, piston and preload ring.

[0022] The Fig. 1 shows a machine tool (3) equipped with a workpiece support carriage (6) and at least one multi-level tube magazine (1) with an internal spindle. In the exemplary embodiment, the machine tool (3) is based on a gantry stand (4), on the front wall of which the multi-level tube magazine (1) is mounted. The multi-level tube magazine (1) has a magazine tube body (100) that is mounted to rotate about the center line (2) of the multi-level tube magazine (1). The gantry stand (4) has a stand recess (5) from which the workpiece support carriage (6) projects. The latter, which carries two adjacent workpieces (9), is mounted in the gantry stand (4) such that it can be moved in the x, y, and z directions (7). In addition, the workpiece support carriage (6) has a rotational center line (8) about which it can pivot by, for example, 210 angular degrees.

[0023] The multi-level tube magazine (1) is Fig. 2 as a single complete assembly with various tool holders (230, 250, 310). The rotatable magazine tube body (100) with its magazine tube support cover (106) can be seen. The magazine tube body (100) lies sealingly on the rear against a possibly multi-part, stationary base plate (107). In the e.g. grid-shaped magazine tube body (100), eight storage covers (110) are installed. Each storage cover (110) stores two identical tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270, 310, 340) for example, cf. Fig. 6, so that the magazine tube body (100) has two tool holding levels (101, 102). Fig. 2 In the storage covers (110) - arranged clockwise from top to bottom - two static tool holders (310), two tool units (250), two semi-automatic tool holders (270) and two dynamic tool holders (230) with manual clamping are arranged.

[0024] Of course, the multi-level tube magazine (1) can also be made longer along its center line (2), creating three, four or more tool holding levels.

[0025] The multi-level tube magazine (1) has as its base part a central block (10) made of GGG 40, e.g. see. Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, which essentially represents an octagonal, straight prism. The central block (10) is rigidly attached at its front end, with its rear attachment side (11), to the supporting gantry stand (4) of the machine tool (3). It has a large support base or surface on the gantry stand. The height and / or width of the prism's attachment surface is greater than 60% of the maximum diameter of the rotatable magazine tube body (100), which provides good support.

[0026] In the embodiment, the central block (10) has two large transverse recesses (14, 15), in each of which a work spindle (40) is installed.

[0027] On the central block (10), cf. Fig. 3 to 5, a front slide (21) and two bearing slides (35, 36) are guided by roller bearings. The guide direction (29) is oriented parallel to the center lines of the transverse recesses (14, 15). The front slide (21) carries a front slide flange (26) on a roller bearing, while the bearing slides (35, 36) accommodate a ring flange (37) on a roller bearing. Both flanges (26, 37) are rigidly connected to one another via a magazine tube body (100) provided with a magazine tube support cover (106). Fig. In Figure 3, the magazine tube support cover (106) is shown as a spoke body only for illustrative purposes. It is usually designed with a closed wall.

[0028] The end slide (21) is mounted on four guide carriages (23), two of which are arranged one behind the other and engage around a guide rail (16) mounted on the free end face (13) of the central block (10). The two end guide rails (16) have a guiding distance that is greater than 33% of the outer diameter of the magazine tube body (100). In the area of the fastening side (11) of the central block (10), the bearing slides (35, 36) are mounted on two guide carriages (34), with each guide carriage (34) engaging around a guide rail (12) screwed to the central block (10). The guiding distance between these guide rails (12) is greater than 65% of the outer diameter of the magazine tube body (100).

[0029] A linear drive (17) is attached to the central block (10) in the upper area of the free end face (13). This linear drive transmits its stroke to the end slide (21) via a drive rod (18) and a drive adapter (22). The stroke of the linear drive (17) is, for example, 30 mm. Depending on the size of the magazine, it can be between 15 and 50 mm. A hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, for example, is used as the linear drive (17). Alternatively, the drive medium can also be gaseous. An electromechanical drive in the form of a geared motor or the like is also conceivable.

[0030] An electromechanical rotary drive (31) is attached to the lower part of the front slide (21), see. Fig. 5. It comprises at least one angle measuring system, possibly a tachogenerator and a reduction gear. The gear output of the rotary drive (31) is a spur gear (32) which has a centerline parallel to the central block centerline (2). The spur gear (32) meshes with an output gear (28) which is mounted on the face slide (21) via a face slide flange (26) and a rolling bearing (25), e.g. a double-row flange shoulder bearing forming the fixed bearing. The magazine tube support cover (106) is centered in the central bore of the face slide flange (26) and fastened via an inner cover (27) and screws. The magazine tube support cover (106) is screwed centered to the magazine tube body (100).

[0031] The rear free end of the magazine tube body (100) is screwed into the fastening area of the central block (10) on an annular flange (37), which forms the outer ring of a needle bearing, cf. Fig. 5. The rotating needles are axially guided in a needle bearing inner ring (38). A short bearing carriage (35, 36) is attached to the inner ring at the top and bottom of the inner ring. Each of these carriages is supported by a guide carriage (34) on the guide rail (12) bolted to the central block (10).

[0032] The annular flange (37) carries a sealing ring (39) on its side facing the base plate (107), e.g., at the level of the rotating needles of the needle bearing (38). The sealing ring (39), which is a relatively rigid lip seal, bears against a finely machined sealing sliding surface (98) of the base plate (107). On the flat sealing sliding surface (98), the sealing ring (39) slides, on the one hand, transversely to the center line (19) of the central block (10) in the direction of displacement (29), and on the other hand, it rotates around the center line (109) of the magazine tube body (100). The sealing edge of the sealing ring (39) is oriented outwards. During movement in the direction of displacement (29), the sealing air pressure present in the interior (108) can be briefly increased by a factor of 1.5 to 3 to facilitate the sealing sliding movement. The base plate (107) itself is Fig. 4 is attached to the rear of the central block (10). The assembly joint between parts (10) and (107) is sealed.

[0033] The work spindle (40) mounted in the individual transverse recess (14, 15) of the central block (10), cf. Fig. 6 to 9, has a tubular motor housing (42) in whose radial outer wall a spiral groove (43) is machined. Coolant for the electric motor (90) is guided in the spiral groove (43), which is given a closed channel cross-section by the inner wall of the transverse recess (14, 15). The motor housing (42) has an inner flange (44) in the front area, against which, for example, two adjacent spindle-bearing shoulder bearings (45) bear axially, e.g. via a spacer ring. The stator (91) of the drive motor (90) is located on the rear end face of the inner flange.

[0034] The tubular motor housing (42) supports a flange cover (47) at its rear end with an outwardly facing inner collar, against which another shoulder bearing (48) rests via a flange sleeve (49). The flange sleeve (49) has several axial blind holes in which helical compression springs are arranged, which press the outer ring of the shoulder bearing (48) outward via the flange sleeve (49). The shoulder bearings (45, 48) supporting a spindle shaft (50) are arranged in an O-arrangement.

[0035] The hollow spindle shaft (50), whose diameter tapers gradually from front to back, has a bearing seat (52) for the shoulder bearings (45) at the front - in the area of the spindle head. In front of the bearing seat (52), it has an external thread (53) onto which an axially clamping threaded sleeve (56) is screwed, resting against the inner ring of the outer shoulder bearing (45). The threaded sleeve has a threaded sleeve flange (57), see Fig. Fig. 9, which has a wraparound element (58) for forming a labyrinth seal for sealing air. The wraparound element (58) partially surrounds an area of the front housing cover (60) with clearance. The housing cover (60), which is screwed to the motor housing (42), surrounds the threaded sleeve (56) with radial clearance. In the clearance area, the housing cover (60) has a radially oriented inner circumferential groove (61) which is pneumatically connected to a supply channel (not shown) of the spindle housing (42). Several radial bores located in the threaded sleeve (56) open into the circumferential groove (61). These bores also open into a circumferential groove (59) in the threaded sleeve (56).

[0036] In Fig. 14 shows a variant of the housing cover (60). Here, the housing cover (60) is extended towards the storage plate (110) in order to be able to clamp a seal in a recess (63) on the housing cover. The seal is a double-lip seal (66) which, in the contact area with the radial and axial walls of the recess (63), has a dimensionally stable metal ring onto which the double-lip seal (66) is vulcanised, for example. The double-lip seal (66) has an outer and inner sealing lip and lies tightly against the storage cover (110) in the working position. The outer sealing lip (68) prevents the sealing air present in the interior (108) from escaping via the gap between the tool holder shaft (201) and the storage cover (110). The inner sealing lip (67) protects the interior (108) from penetrating dirt and / or, for example, from coolant and / or lubricant from the spindle that is under high pressure. If necessarythe seal (66) can also be equipped with only one sealing lip.

[0037] At the front end, the spindle shaft (50) has a central conical recess (55) that forms part of a stepped bore (54) extending longitudinally through the spindle shaft (50). The conical recess (55) is connected to the circumferential groove (59) of the threaded sleeve (56) via several, e.g., obliquely extending transverse bores. The transverse bores are intersected by longitudinal bores that extend from the flat end face (51) of the spindle shaft (50).

[0038] A balancing ring (62) is press-fitted onto the spindle shaft (50) behind the front bearing seat (52) on a smaller diameter. This is followed by the rotor (92) opposite the stator (91).

[0039] A clamping sleeve (64) is screwed onto the rear end of the spindle shaft (50), supporting the inner ring of the rear shoulder bearing (48). A measuring gear (65) used to determine the angle of rotation is screwed to the clamping sleeve (64).

[0040] In the stepped bore (54) of the spindle shaft (50) in the area of the spindle head there is a disc spring loaded collet (71), the mandrel (72) of which Fig. 8, protrudes at the front beyond the end face (51) of the spindle shaft (50). The tension mandrel (72) is attached to a tie rod screw (73) on which the disc springs are arranged. The rear end of the tie rod screw (73) forms a disc spring plunger (74).

[0041] The rear end of the spindle shaft (50) protrudes from the central block (10). There, it is at least partially surrounded by a spacer plate (78). The spacer plate (78) has a through-bore (79), the center line of which is congruent with the center line of the spindle shaft (50). A lubricant rotary feedthrough (80), housed in an at least approximately cuboid-shaped housing (81), is centered in the through-bore (79). A one-sided hydraulically actuated annular piston (87) is arranged in the housing (81). This annular piston has a base (88) with a central bore facing the spindle shaft (50). If the rear side of the piston, remote from the spindle shaft, is pressurized with hydraulic oil, the base (88) rests against the disc spring plunger (74) of the clamping device (70) in order to move the tension mandrel (72) in the opening direction.When the hydraulic oil pressure is released, several helical compression springs (89) supported on the housing (81) push the annular piston (87) back so that the collet (71) can return to its closed position under spring load.

[0042] The housing (81) has a cover supporting a central hollow pin (82) that guides the annular piston (87). A hollow lubricant transfer shaft (83) is mounted on a roller bearing in the anti-rotation hollow pin (82), which extends into the central bore of the disc spring plunger (74). The lubricant transfer shaft (83) is sealed with a sealing ring against the bore of the longitudinally displaceable disc spring plunger (74).

[0043] The rotating lubricant transfer shaft (83) has an axially oriented sliding seal ring (84) on its rear side. The latter rests axially against a rotationally fixed, spring-loaded sliding seal ring (85). The sliding seal ring (85) is attached to a longitudinally displaceable sleeve (86) at its end face. The gaseous and / or liquid coolant and / or lubricant is supplied via this sleeve (86) from the cover, the central cavities of the lubricant transfer shaft (83), and the tie rod screw (73). In this way, any dynamic or static tool holder can be supplied with the required coolant and / or lubricant.

[0044] The magazine tube body (100), made of an aluminum alloy, has large, essentially rectangular recesses (105) around its circumference—corresponding to the number of tool holder rows (111)—for supporting storage covers (110). It has the shape of a cylindrical cage consisting of two end rings (103) and, for example, eight longitudinal struts (104) connecting them. In the exemplary embodiment, the outer diameter is 640 mm with a wall thickness of 20 mm. The polar mass moment of inertia of the magazine tube body (100), including the magazine tube support cover (106), is approximately 4.3 kgm. 2 .

[0045] The essentially cuboid-shaped storage cover (110) has, according to the Fig. 10 and Fig. 11, on the back, for example, a circumferential milled recess (112), which serves, among other things, for centering and / or sealing. Each storage cover (110) fastened to the magazine tube body (100) with, for example, six screws has as many tool carrier stepped bores (113) on the front side as the magazine tube body (100) has tool holding planes (101, 102). In the illustrated embodiment, there are two. In the individual storage cover (110), according to Fig. 6, for example, a dynamic tool holder (200), a dynamic tool holder (270) with semi-automatic tool change, a tool unit (250), a static tool holder (310), a parallel gripper (340), or a blind cover (370) are mounted. The storage cover (110) has - like the recesses (105) - four stepped, rounded corner edges, the center lines of which are oriented parallel to the center lines of the tool holder stepped bores (113).

[0046] For this purpose, the first step of the tool holder stepped bore (113) represents a countersink (114) for the centered reception of, for example, a retaining ring (121), a holding plate (299, 361) or a blind cover (370). The countersink (114) is followed by a radial play section (115). The latter is finally adjacent to the cylindrical end section (116), through which, for example, when using dynamic tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270), the threaded sleeve (56) of the spindle shaft (50) projects with play. Each end section (116) has at least three partial countersinks (117) with an at least approximately sickle-shaped cross-section, into which corresponding indexing positioning elements (220) engage, at least in the case of the dynamic tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270). Each partial countersink (117) has, for example, a diameter of 10 mm. The cylinder on which the center lines of the partial countersinks (117) lie around the center line of the tool carrier step bore (113) is e.g.4 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the end section (116).

[0047] Each reservoir cover (110) can have a gas and / or liquid coolant and / or lubricant supply to supply outward-radiating coolant or lubricant nozzles built into the reservoir cover (110) for cooling or lubricating the machining area. For this purpose, the reservoir cover (110) is hydraulically connected to the magazine tube body (100) or the central block (10).

[0048] If in the workpiece carrying carriage (6), cf. Fig. 1, e.g., when machining similar workpieces (9), the tool holders, including the tools, can be replaced completely with the corresponding storage cover (110) when replacing tools due to wear or when retooling, saving time. If one or more tool holder rows (111) are not required for machining a series, the storage cover(s) (110) are replaced by thin-walled, lightweight blank covers (370).

[0049] The retaining ring (121) fastened to the storage cover (110) by means of screws (129), which is used, for example, to hold the tool holder shaft (201) with axial and radial play in the dynamic tool holder (230), has a conical countersink (122) in the area of its central recess, the cone angle of which is, for example, 50 degrees. On the base (123) of the countersink (122) there is a circumferential groove (124) with a rear grip for receiving a sealing ring (125). The retaining ring (121) forms, together with the storage cover (110), a wrap-around holder shape (120), see. Fig. 21, with which it surrounds the respective flange (204) of the stored dynamic tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270) with clearance. The magazine clearance of the flange (204) is essentially limited by the conical counterbore (122) and the flat retaining collar (119).

[0050] To mount static tool holders (310, 340), the storage cover (110) only requires the countersink (114). The latter represents a flange-like receiving shape (126), see Fig. Fig. 21.

[0051] The dynamic tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270) are stored in the storage cover (110) as long as their tools (500) are in a magazine position. A simple dynamic tool holder (200), see Fig. Fig. 6 and Fig. 10, comprises, among other things, a tool holder shank (201) which, after being clamped into the spindle shaft (50), is retracted with its cone (203) into the conical recess (55) of the spindle shaft (50) by means of the clamping device (70). The tool holder shank (201) has a central recess (202) with a rear grip. The collet (71) of the clamping device (70) engages behind the latter.

[0052] The tool holder shaft (201) has a flange (204) on the outside in the rear area, see. Fig. 11, with which it is fixed in the corresponding recess (113) of the accumulator cover (110) - even without being coupled to the spindle shaft (50). The cylindrical flange (204) is chamfered at the front, creating a truncated cone-shaped centering surface (205). Its cone angle corresponds to the cone angle of the conical counterbore (122) of the retaining ring (121). In the rear face of the flange (204) there are at least two blind holes (206), usually there can be 16 or more, with, for example, a flat hole base, cf. Fig. 11. In each blind hole (206) there is a cup-shaped indexing positioning element (220), e.g. a helical compression spring (225) or several disc springs, which slides. The indexing positioning element (220) is inserted in the blind hole (206) so that its base (221) is oriented towards the spindle shaft (50). The helical compression spring (225) attempts to press the indexing positioning element (220) out of the blind hole (206). To prevent the indexing positioning elements (220) from falling out, they have a collar (222) with which they are supported on the hole edges of a stop ring (207) screwed to the back of the flange (204). The hole edges belong to the holes from which the indexing positioning elements (220) protrude, see. Fig. 11. Instead of the stop ring (207), short tabs can also be used, which are screwed to the flange (204) on both sides of the individual bore (206) - in the circumferential direction of the bore pattern.

[0053] After Fig. 11, see also Fig. 13, the crescent-shaped partial countersinks (117) of the storage cover (110) are located coaxially with the blind holes (206), so that the indexing positioning elements (220) in the partial countersinks (117) are at least radially in contact. This ensures that the tool holder shaft (201) is positioned in the magazine tube body (100) in a rotationally secure manner, and the helical compression springs (225) press the flange (204) via the indexing positioning elements (220) into the retaining ring (121) in a centering manner. At the same time, the front, flat face of the flange (204) is pressed against the sealing ring (125). The base (123) of the countersink (122) has a slight clearance relative to the front, flat face of the flange (204).

[0054] The interior (108) of the two-part magazine tube body (100, 106) is largely sealed from the environment and is below 0.5 × 10 5 Pa sealing air pressure. The sealing air additionally presses the tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270) into the conical centering of the retaining rings (121).

[0055] According to Fig. 6, the tool holder shaft (201) of the simple, dynamic tool holder (200) has, outside the magazine tube body (100), for example, a central conical recess (211) in which a collet (212) for clamping a twist drill (500) or the like is inserted.

[0056] In the Fig. 10 to 15, the clamping of a dynamic tool holder (230) in the spindle shaft (50) is shown step by step. Fig. Figure 10 shows the magazine tube body (100) in its rotational position. To reach the position shown, it may have performed a 360-degree rotation around the centerline (2) and / or (19) without touching the central block (10) or the work spindle (40). In the position shown, the centerlines (219, 41) of the tool holder (230) and the work spindle (40) are aligned. The pull mandrel (72) of the clamping device (70) is positioned several tenths of a millimeter in front of the opening in the tool holder shaft (201) of the tool holder (230). The hooked tongues of the collet (71) rest against the shaft of the forwardly pushed pull mandrel (72).

[0057] After Fig. 11, the truncated cone-shaped centering surface (205) of the tool holder-side flange (204) lies tightly against the truncated cone-shaped surface of the countersink (122) of the retaining ring (121). The indexing positioning elements (220) rest positively in the partial countersinks (117) of the reservoir cover (110).

[0058] According to Fig. 12, the magazine tube body (100) together with the storage cover (110) and the tool holder (230) was moved in a stroke of, for example, 30 mm in direction (29) toward the spindle shaft (50). The collet (71) and the mandrel (72) project into the rear grip recess (202) of the tool holder shaft (201), but without having clamped the collet (71). Fig. 13 neither the end face (51) of the spindle shaft (50) rests against the flange (204), nor does the wall of the conical recess (55) touch the outer cone (203) of the tool holder shaft (201).

[0059] At the same time, the indexing positioning elements (220) were pushed into a rearward position by contact with the end face (51) against the action of the helical compression springs (225), so that they no longer engage with the partial recesses (117) of the storage cover (110). The anti-rotation lock of the tool holder (230) relative to the storage cover (110) is removed.

[0060] The flange (204) has its position opposite the retaining ring (121) at the transition from Fig. 11 to Fig. 13 not changed.

[0061] After Fig. 14 the mandrel (72) was pulled into the spindle shaft (50). As a result, the hooked tongues of the collet (71) engaged the rear grip of the recess (202) and spread apart. Due to the wedge effect of the collet in the rear grip area, the tool holder (230) is pulled a few tenths of a millimeter against the end face (51) of the spindle shaft (50). The wall of the conical recess (55) contacts the outer cone (203) of the tool holder shank (201). Furthermore, the flange (204) comes into contact with the end face (51), as a result of which a compressed air bore (69) leading to the end face (51) is at least largely closed. The test pressure present in the compressed air bore (69) detects the successful creation of the spindle shaft / tool holder interface.

[0062] By pulling back the tool holder (230) in the direction of the spindle shaft (50) by e.g. 0.3 to 0.5 mm, the flange (204) is released all around, cf. Fig. 15. It is now neither in contact with the retaining ring (121) nor with the reservoir cover (110). The sealing ring (125) also does not contact the flange (204). The tool holder (230) is thus freely movable relative to the reservoir cover (110). The magazine tube body (100) now has neither a supporting nor a guiding position. The gap between the tool holder (230) and the reservoir cover (110) functions as a labyrinth seal, through which small volumes of sealing air escape to prevent the ingress of coolant and / or lubricant or other contaminants.

[0063] The dynamic tool holder (230) with integrated manual clamp, see Fig. 10, Fig. 12, Fig. 14, comprises a tool holder shank (201). The latter has a central stepped bore (231) in its outer end face. A conical sleeve (232) is inserted into the large bore section with the largest diameter.

[0064] The conical sleeve (232) is a stepped tubular body with a conical section (233) and a bayonet section (237). The conical inner wall of the conical section (233) serves as a tool holder. A ring cover (234), adjustable by several degrees, is guided on the radial outer wall of the conical section (233). For guidance on the conical sleeve (232), it has two guide slots, for example, see. Fig. 2. The heads of the guide screws (235) protrude into the latter.

[0065] The bayonet section (237) extends into the large bore section of the tool holder (230) with a clearance of several tenths of a millimeter. The essentially cylindrical inner wall carries at least one bayonet web (238) for securing a manual clamping insert (241).

[0066] The tapered sleeve (232) rests on the outer end face of the tool holder shank (201) via its flat collar (236). It is secured there with screws aligned parallel to the centerline of the tool holder (230). The large bore section contains at least three threaded holes carrying set screws distributed equidistantly around the circumference. The set screws align the tapered sleeve (232) radially relative to the centerline of the tool holder (230) to optimize tool concentricity.

[0067] In the cylindrical inner wall of the bayonet section (237), the manual clamping insert (241) engages around the bayonet bars (238). The manual clamping insert (241), see Fig. 14, is a bolt-shaped body that has, for example, two webs at its rear end for engaging behind the bayonet webs (238) of the conical sleeve (232). In the central area, it has two opposing transverse grooves (242). A clamping jaw (245) is located in each transverse groove (242). Each clamping jaw (245) has the shape of a circular segment in its cross-section perpendicular to the centerline of the tool holder (230).

[0068] In the web located between the transverse grooves (242) is a transverse bore into which a special threaded bolt (246) is inserted. Coaxial with this transverse bore are corresponding threaded bores in the clamping jaws (245). The special threaded bolt (246) has a right-hand thread on one side and a left-hand thread on the other. Each thread extends into a clamping jaw (245). The special threaded bolt (246) has a tool recess on its front face, for example, for an Allen screwdriver.

[0069] By turning the special threaded bolt (246), the clamping jaws (245) are extended or retracted synchronously. Each clamping jaw (245) also has a wedge surface against which an ejection pin (247) rests. The ejection pins (247), which are oriented parallel to the centerline of the tool holder (230), protrude from the front of the manual clamping insert (241) when the clamping jaws (245) are retracted.

[0070] To manually clamp the tool with an HSK tool shank, the tool is placed against the conical inner wall of the conical section (233). By rotating the ring cover (234) and the tool accordingly, a tool recess in the special threaded bolt (246), a bore in the HSK tool shank, and a bore in the ring cover (234) are aligned. By subsequently turning the special threaded bolt (246), the clamping jaws (245) are pressed against the inner contour of the rear grip recess in the HSK tool shank. The tool is now firmly seated in the tool holder (230).

[0071] This tool holder (230) allows a free choice of interfaces. For example, HSK ® -, Capto ® -, BENZ Solidfix ® -interfaces and the like can be realized.

[0072] In Fig. Figure 16 shows an interchangeable tool unit (250). The tool unit (250), which belongs to the group of dynamic tool holders, holds a twist drill (500) in a collet chuck (269), the centerline of which is inclined by 30 degrees relative to the centerline of the drive shaft (263).

[0073] The tool unit (250) mounts the drive shaft (263) and an output shaft (267) carrying the collet chuck (269) on roller bearings in a unit housing (261). The drive shaft (263) drives a spur gear (268) of the output shaft (267) via a crown gear (264).

[0074] The unit housing (261) is screwed to the corresponding accumulator cover (110) via a tubular retaining ring (257) using screws (258), see. Fig. 2 and Fig. 6. The tool holder shank (251), encompassed by the tubular retaining ring (257) and the storage cover (110), has a bore (253) opposite its HSK recess (252) provided with an internal serration (254). This internal serration (254) engages with an external serration (265) attached to the drive shaft (263).

[0075] In the Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. Figure 22 shows a first variant of a dynamic tool holder (270) with which a tool, e.g., having an HSK interface (296), can be inserted and pre-tensioned semi-automatically. Insertion and pre-tensioning are performed either by a handling device or by a machine operator. The latter additionally requires, e.g., a compressed air blow gun (620), see Figure 22. Fig. 1 and Fig. 17.

[0076] The tool holder (270) has a tool holder shank (271). The outer cone (203), the flange (204), the retaining ring (121), and the indexing positioning elements (220) are already known from the previously described dynamic tool holders (200, 230), see. Fig. 10 to 15. However, here the tool holder shank (271) has a central stepped bore (272) on the spindle shaft side, in which a multi-part clamping adapter (290) is guided. The stepped bore (272) has a clamping sleeve guide zone (273) and a smaller-diameter cylinder zone (277). The multi-part clamping adapter (290) consists of a clamping sleeve (291), a piston rod section (292), a piston (293), and a collet holding section (294). The clamping sleeve (291) encloses the recess (202) provided with the rear grip. With its outer contour, it is guided in the stepped bore (272) with slight play.

[0077] The clamping sleeve (291) is connected to the piston rod section (292), which can be screwed in, for example. A preload ring (300) is seated on the latter, the radial outer wall of which rests against the clamping sleeve guide zone (273). The preload ring (300) is also supported on the flat surface (276) located between the clamping sleeve guide zone (273) and the cylinder zone (277). The preload ring (300) is held axially in this position by a retaining ring (278) which is seated in a retaining ring groove (274) arranged in the clamping sleeve guide zone (273). Between the retaining ring groove (274) and the flat surface (276) there is a sealing ring groove (275) in which an O-ring (279) is arranged. In order to also seal the preload ring (300) against the piston rod section (292), the preload ring (300) carries an O-ring (308) in an annular groove (303) in its radial outer wall.

[0078] The preload ring (300) has a plurality of blind holes (302) in its end face (301) facing the clamping sleeve (291). A helical compression spring (305) is located in each blind hole (302) and is supported on the clamping sleeve (291).

[0079] After Fig. In Figure 17, which shows the semi-automatic tool holder (270) in a pneumatically unclamped state without an inserted HSK tool shank, the clamping sleeve (291) rests against the preload ring (300). All helical compression springs (305) are compressed.

[0080] At the front end of the piston rod section (292) is the piston (293), which is sealed from the cylinder zone (277) by means of an O-ring. Compressed air is applied to the rear of the piston (293), which faces the preload ring (300). In the exemplary embodiment, the compressed air is pumped by means of a compressed air blow gun via an elastomer adapter (127) located in the retaining ring (121) into a system (128) consisting of several bores. From there, the compressed air reaches the conical seat located between the retaining ring (121) and the flange (204). The conical centering surface (205) has a circumferential annular groove (208) in the area where the system (128) ends, which is operatively connected to another system (209) of bores. This system has a bore (209) that opens into the rear cylinder chamber (289) of the cylinder zone (277). The compressed air introduced via the system (209) pushes the clamping adapter (290) into Fig. 17 to the left.

[0081] To the left of the piston (293) extends the collet holding section (294). This section has a waist around which a multi-part collet (295) with its hooked tongues is arranged. Towards the free end, the collet hook section (294) widens to a truncated cone, allowing the collet (295) to be spread open using the truncated cone-shaped surface. The cone angle of the truncated cone-shaped surface is 110 degrees here. Depending on the collet design, it can also vary between 90 and 120 degrees.

[0082] A conical sleeve (282) is located around the collet (295). It has a centering groove (284) on the rear side, into which an annular web (280) with a centering and externally threaded section (281) located on the front end of the tool holder shank (271) engages for centering and fixing.

[0083] The conical sleeve (282) has an inner cone (283) toward the clamping adapter (290) to fix the position of the second interface. A positioning ring (286) is located at the rear of the conical sleeve (282), which is axially secured forward by a retaining ring (287) snapped into an annular groove (285). The positioning ring (286) engages the catch lugs of the hooked tongues of the collet. It is sealed from the inner cone (283) by an O-ring (288).

[0084] With this tool holder (270), a single tool can be exchanged by the operator during ongoing workpiece machining on the multi-level tube magazine (1), provided that the storage cover (110) of this tool is located on the safely accessible side of the multi-level tube magazine (1) remote from the machining point. In this case, the operator grasps the tool in the magazine position with one hand, while with the other he places a compressed air blow gun (620) with the blow-out nozzle (621) onto the elastomer adapter (127). See also Fig. 1. When the compressed air blow gun (620) is activated, the clamping adapter (290) moves pneumatically into its release position, see. Fig. 17 and Fig. 22. The hooked tongues of the collet (295) engage the collet holding section (294) so that the tool can be pulled out of the inner cone (283) of the conical sleeve (282) without force.

[0085] To replace the replacement tool, repeat this process. After setting down or locking the compressed air blow gun, the helical compression springs (305) of the preload ring (300) push the clamping adapter (290) into its locking position, see. Fig. 18. The tool used in Fig. 18, not shown, is now preloaded in the tool holder (270) by the helical compression springs (305). If this tool holder (270) is now positioned in front of the spindle shaft (50), the work spindle's own collet (71) engages it, see. Fig. 14, by engaging behind the recess (202), the clamping adapter (290). The tool holder (270) is pressed against the spindle shaft (50) via the clamping adapter (290). This also permanently clamps the collet (295) of the second interface (296).

[0086] In the Fig. 23 to 25 shows a second variant of a dynamic tool holder (570) with which a tool (510) can be changed semi-automatically by a machine operator or handling robot during operation.

[0087] The tool holder (570) has a tool holder shaft (571). The outer cone (203), the flange (204), the retaining ring (121), and the indexing positioning elements (220) are already known from the tool holders (270, 230), for example. However, here the one-piece tool holder shaft (571) has a central stepped bore (572) on the spindle shaft side, in which a multi-part clamping adapter (580) is guided. The stepped bore (572) has, one behind the other, a clamping sleeve guide zone (573), a smaller-diameter cylinder zone (577), a collet holding zone (578), and an inner cone zone (579).

[0088] The multi-part clamping adapter (580), guided in the stepped bore (572), consists of a clamping sleeve (581) and a mandrel (583), the latter of which is screwed into a threaded bore of the clamping sleeve (581). The clamping sleeve (581) encompasses the recess (202) provided with the rear grip. The clamping sleeve (581) is guided with slight play in the front area of the stepped bore (572) via its outer contour.

[0089] The draw mandrel (583), see also Fig. 25, has an expansion section (584), a piston rod section (586), a piston seat section (589) and a threaded section (591). It is screwed into the clamping sleeve (581) with the threaded section (591). The piston (594) sits on the collar (588) of the piston seat section (589), which extends between a collar (588) and the threaded section (591). The piston (594) is sealed from the piston seat section (589) with an O-ring. The area of the pulling mandrel (583) lying between the piston (594) and the threaded section (591) represents a centering zone, via which the pulling mandrel (583) is precisely guided in the clamping sleeve (581). In the centering zone, the clamping sleeve (581) is sealed from the pulling mandrel (583) with an O-ring. The piston (594) is clamped between the collar (588) and the clamping sleeve (581).

[0090] The essentially cylindrical piston rod section (586) has a continuous flattening (587) in two diametrically opposite areas, cf. Fig. 25. The two hooked tongues (596) of the collet chuck (595) are supported on these flattened portions (587) in the area of their catch hooks (597). The spreading portion (584) adjoins the piston rod portion (586). It also has a substantially cylindrical shape, which in the area facing the piston rod portion (586) is provided with a bevel (585) per flattened portion (587). Each bevel (585) merges into a flattened portion (587). It forms an angle of between 30 and 45 degrees with the center line (219) of the tool holder (570). In the exemplary embodiment, the angle is 35 degrees. The front portions of the hooked tongues (596) rest against the bevels (585). The hook tongues (596) each have a notch in the middle area in which an annular spring (598) is located, which presses the two hook tongues (596) against the bevels (585) and flats (587).

[0091] The mandrel (583) has a central through-bore (592) that widens by several millimeters in the areas of the expansion section (584) and part of the piston rod section (586) to form a finely machined medium transfer bore (593). A sealing ring is located in an annular groove in the medium transfer bore (593).

[0092] The collet holding zone (578) represents the narrowest area of the through-bore (572). To accommodate the hooked tongues (596) on their catch hooks (597), two opposing straight semicircular grooves (599) are machined in the collet holding zone (578), e.g., using a small side milling cutter. The adjacent internal conical zone (579) serves to accommodate the tool (510).

[0093] The clamping sleeve (581) has a bearing section (582) on its rear side, on whose finely machined, radial outer wall a preload ring (600) is guided in a sliding and sealed manner. The preload ring (600) has an annular groove (603) in its central bore, in which a sealing ring (608) is inserted. At the same time, the preload ring (600) rests with slight play against the wall of the clamping sleeve guide zone (573) of the stepped bore (572). It is sealed against the clamping sleeve guide zone (573) by an O-ring arranged in an annular groove of the stepped bore (572).

[0094] The preload ring (600) is supported axially with slight play in the clamping sleeve guide zone (573) between a collar surface (576) adjacent to the cylinder zone (577) and a retaining ring (609). The latter sits in a retaining ring groove (574) arranged in the clamping sleeve guide zone (573).

[0095] The preload ring (600) has a plurality of closely spaced blind holes (602) in its end face (601) facing the clamping sleeve (581), cf. Fig. 25. In each blind hole (602) there is a helical compression spring (606), which is located on the clamping sleeve (581), Fig. 24, pre-stressed.

[0096] The tool (510) has, according to the Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 an HSK recess (511) in which a medium transfer tube (515) is mounted, allowing slight movement. The medium transfer tube (515) has a flange (516) at its end located in the tool (510), via which it is mounted in a central threaded bore of the tool (510) by means of a screw-in ring (517). An elastic ring is located in front of and behind the flange (516). The rings elastically center the medium transfer tube (515).

[0097] According to Fig. 23, which shows the semi-automatic tool holder (570) in the pneumatically actuated state, the clamping sleeve (581) rests on the preload ring (600). All helical compression springs (606) are compressed. Compressed air is present in the cylinder chamber (604) between the piston (594) and the preload ring (600). This air is pumped into the tool holder (570), for example via a system (605) of bores using the compressed air blow gun (620). This places the pulling mandrel (583) in its forwardmost position, i.e. the release position (611). The hooked tongues (596) of the collet (595) rest on the flats (587) of the piston rod section (586), so that the tool (510) can be pushed into the inner cone (579). As soon as the outer cone of the tool (510) reaches the area of the inner cone (579), the medium transfer pipe (515) is inserted into the medium transfer bore (593).Once the tool (510) has reached its safe end position in the tool holder (570), the cylinder chamber (604) is vented. The spring elements (606) of the preload ring (600) push the tension mandrel (583) and the clamping sleeve (581) into the positions shown in . Fig. 24. The two hooked tongues (596) engage behind the rear grip of the recess (511) to hold the tool (510) securely. The mandrel (583) and the collet (595) are now spring-loaded and pre-tensioned in the Clamping position (610).

[0098] If the tool holder (570) with its supporting storage cover (110) is located in front of the work spindle (40), the work spindle-side clamping device (70) grips the clamping sleeve (581) to pull the tool holder shank (571) with its flange (204) against the end face (51) of the spindle shaft (50) until it stops. The clamping device (70) additionally holds the tool holder-side collet (595) in the working position (95) under mechanical preload.

[0099] The system (605) of bores can alternatively be supplied with compressed air directly via the machine tool through a line system integrated into the magazine tube body (100) in the accumulator cover (110). For this purpose, a directional control valve is installed either in the corresponding accumulator cover (110) or in the magazine tube body (100), which can be moved from a closed position to an open position using a hand- or foot-operated button.

[0100] Fig. Figure 19 shows a static tool holder (310). This is firmly screwed into the relatively elastic magazine tube body (100) via a storage cover (110). The tool holder (310) generally has no mechanical connection to the work spindle (40). An exception may be transmission media used to transfer lubricant and / or coolant from the work spindle to the tool holder.

[0101] The accumulator cover (110) is rigidly connected to the central block (10) by means of a clamping system (400). For this purpose, each accumulator cover (110) has, for example, six cover clamping sleeves (401) on its inside. Two cover clamping sleeves (401) are arranged in the area of the narrow side surfaces of the accumulator cover (110). Two additional cover clamping sleeves (401) are located in the central area of each accumulator cover (110).

[0102] The individual cover clamping sleeve (401) consists of a screw-in fitting shaft (405) and a clamping recess (402) with a rear grip. The screw-in fitting shaft (405) precisely secures the cover clamping sleeve (401) to the reservoir cover (110).

[0103] Six hydraulic clamps (410) are mounted in the central block (10), corresponding to the cover clamping sleeves (401) of the accumulator cover (110). For this purpose, the central block (10) has a stepped bore (420) for each clamp (410). The latter is divided into a screw-in and centering section (421) and a cylindrical section (422). A screw-in centering sleeve (416) sits in the screw-in and centering section (421) via its external thread. Its centering section is located in the unthreaded rear section. In the front section, it has a rear grip behind which a collet (415) hooks. The free end of the screw-in centering sleeve (416) has a centering recess (418) in which the cover clamping sleeve (401) can be centered.

[0104] The clamp (410) has a clamping element (411) for clamping in the cover clamping sleeve (401). The latter is a combination of a piston (412), a piston rod (413), and a clamping cone (414). The piston (412) is screwed onto the rear end of the piston rod (413). The piston rod (413) penetrates the central bore of the screw-in centering sleeve (416). An O-ring sits in an annular groove in the bore to provide a sealed hydraulic or pneumatic clamping chamber (423) between the screw-in centering sleeve (416) and the piston (412).

[0105] To securely dock the accumulator cover (110) to the central block (10), it is guided over the magazine tube body (100) toward the central block (10) until the cover clamping sleeve (401) is centered on the screw-in centering sleeve (416). The clamp (410), which has previously remained in its forward position, is hydraulically retracted by applying pressure to the clamping chamber (423) via the piston (412), whereby the collet (415) engages behind the cover clamping sleeve (401). The expanding effect of the hooked tongues of the collet (415) fixes the accumulator cover (110) as it is pulled toward the central block (10).

[0106] A base plate (299) is attached to the storage cover (110) if necessary, on which the base body (311) of the static tool holder (310) is screwed into a hole, cf. also Fig. 2. The base body (311) has a stepped bore (312) in which the required clamping devices are located. In the front area of the stepped bore (312) is a holder cone sleeve (313), against whose inner wall the tool to be mounted rests. A clamping mandrel (315) carrying a collet (317) is installed in the stepped bore (312). Behind the waist, against which its collet (317) rests, the clamping mandrel (315) has a transverse recess (316) through which a clamping shaft (320) mounted in the base body (311) passes.

[0107] The clamping shaft (320), which can be pivoted through 180 degrees, has cylindrical sections outside the transverse recess (316) with which it is slide-mounted in the base body (311). In the transverse recess (316), it has the shape of a constant diameter (321), which, when the clamping shaft (320) is rotated, results in a clamping and sliding effect on the clamping mandrel (315). To drive the clamping shaft (320), it has, for example, a hexagonal recess (322) in its free end face.

[0108] Fig. Figure 20 shows another static tool holder. It is a parallel gripper (340). The parallel gripper (340) has two gripper arms (355, 356) that can be opened and closed, for example, pneumatically. Using the parallel gripper (340), workpieces can be picked up from the workpiece holder of the machine-side workpiece carriage (6) in order to deposit them elsewhere or to transfer them.

[0109] The parallel gripper (340), for example, sits centrally on a base plate (361), which in turn is fastened to the reservoir cover (110). The parallel gripper (340) has a recess (342) in a lower housing (341), which is closed at the bottom with a lower housing cover (348). The bottom (343) of the recess (342) has a bore. The piston rod (345) of an oval piston (344), for example, is sealed in the bore.

[0110] At the end remote from the piston, the piston rod (345) carries a double-sided wedge hook (357) guided in an upper housing (351). On either side of the wedge hook (357), a gripping arm (353, 354) supporting a slide (353, 354) is guided in the upper housing (351). The wedge hook (357) engages positively with play behind a frontal recess of the slide (353, 354). The wedge hook (357) and the slides (353, 354) form two sliding wedge gears.

[0111] To Fig. To close the 20 gripper arms (355, 356) in the open position, compressed air is pumped between the base (343) and the piston (344) via a line system (363). The piston (344), moving to the right, pulls the slides (353, 354) towards each other via the wedge hook (357). The parallel gripper receives the compressed air for this purpose, for example, via the line system (363). In it, compressed air is pumped from a channel in the magazine tube body (100) via the storage cover (110) and the base plate (361) into the lower housing (341).

[0112] To open the gripper arms (355, 356), the cylinder chamber located between the piston (344) and the lower housing cover (348) is pressurized via a further line system.

[0113] Instead of a storage cover (110), a thin-walled blind cover (370) is used, see. Fig. 6, if a tool holder row (111) remains unused. List of reference symbols: 1 multi-level pipe magazine 2 Centerline, rotation centerline of (1) 3 machine tool 4 portal stands 5 Stand recess 6 workpiece carrying carriages 7 linear coordinates 8 Centerline, rotation centerline of (6) 9 workpieces 10 Central block made of GGG40 11 Mounting side, rear 12 guide rails, rear 13 Front side, free, front side 14, 15 transverse recesses, large 16 guide rails, front 17 Linear drive, cylinder-piston unit, hydraulic 18 Drive rod, piston rod 19 Center line of the central block 21 Front slide, magazine tube carrier 22 drive adapters 23 Guide carriages, recirculating ball bearing guides, bearings 25 rolling bearings, double-row flanged shoulder bearing 26 Front slide flange 27 inner cover 28 Output gear 29 Shift direction, guide direction 31 Rotary drive 32 Spur gear, drive gear 34 guide carriages, recirculating ball bearing guides, bearings 35, 36 bearing slide, magazine tube carrier 37 Ring flange, flange 38 needle bearing inner ring 39 Sealing ring 40 work spindle, motor spindle 41 Center line 42 Engine housing, tubular 43 spiral groove 44 inner flange 45 shoulder bearing, front 47 Flange cover, flange-shaped 48 shoulder bearings, rear 49 Flange sleeve 50 spindle shaft 51 Front face, front side 52 Bearing seat, front 53 external thread, front 54 stepped bore 55 recess, conical 56 threaded sleeve 57 Threaded sleeve flange 58 wraparound 59 Circumferential groove, inside 60 Housing cover, front 61 Circumferential groove, inside 62 Balancing ring 63 Turn in (60) for (66) 64 clamping sleeve, rear 65 measuring gear 66 Double lip seal with metal ring 67 inner lip, inner sealing lip 68 Outer lip, outer sealing lip 69 Compressed air drilling 70 clamping device 71 Collet 72 drawing mandrel, expanding mandrel 73 tie rod screw 74 disc spring stamps 78 spacer plate 79 Through hole 80 Lubricant rotary union 81 housings 82 hollow pins, central, anti-twist 83 Lubricant transfer shaft 84 Sliding seal ring, rotating 85 Sliding seal, non-rotating 86 Sleeve, longitudinally adjustable 87 ring pistons 88 Base with central hole 89 Return springs, helical compression springs 90 Electric motor, drive motor 91 Stator 92 Rotor 95 Working position of a tool holder 96 magazine positions of a tool holder 100 magazine tube bodies, 2 levels, 8 rows 101, 102 tool holder levels, 1st, 2nd 103 rings 104 longitudinal struts 105 recesses, rectangular 106 Magazine tube support cover 107 Base plate 108 Interior 109 Center line 110 storage lid 111 tool holder row 112 Milling, circumferential, outside 113 tool carrier stepped holes, recess 114 Plan reduction 115 Radial clearance section 116 End section, cylindrical 117 partial depressions, sickle-shaped, recesses 118 Hole for docking to (10) 119 Fangbund, plan 120 Recording form, wrap-around 121 Retaining ring 122 Countersink, conical 123 Reason 124 Circumferential groove with rear grip 125 sealing ring 126 Mounting shape, flange-like 127 Elastomer adapter, pressure medium inlet connection 128 system of holes 129 screws 200 tool holder, dynamic, simple 201 tool holder shank 202 Recess with rear grip, central rear grip recess 203 outer cone, cone 204 flange 205 Centering surface, truncated cone-shaped; conical area of (204) 206 blind holes 207 stop ring 208 ring groove 209 System of holes 211 Recess in (201), conical 212 Collet 219 Centerlines of the dynamic tool holders 220 Division positioning element, cup-shaped 221 floor 222 collar 225 helical compression spring 230 tool holder, dynamic; manual clamp 231 Stepped bore, central 232 conical sleeve 233 Cone section 234 ring lid 235 guide screw 236 Planbund 237 Bayonet Section 238 Bayonet bar 241 Manual clamping insert 242 transverse grooves 245 clamping jaws 246 special threaded bolts 247 ejection pins 250 tool unit, tool holder, dynamic 251 tool holder shank 252 HSK recess 253 central bore 254 internal spline 257 Retaining ring, tubular 258 screws 261 unit housing 263 drive shaft 264 Crown gear 265 external spline 267 Output shaft 268 spur gear 269 Collet 270 tool holder, dynamic; semi-automatic 271 tool holder shank 272 Stepped bore, central 273 Clamping sleeve guide zone 274 Retaining ring groove 275 Sealing ring groove 276 plan area 277 Cylinder zone of a cylinder-piston unit 278 retaining ring 279 O-ring 280 Ringsteg 281 Centering and external thread section 282 conical sleeve 283 inner cone, second interface 284 Centering face groove 285 ring groove 286 Positioning ring 287 Retaining ring 288 O-ring 289 Cylinder chamber 290 clamping adapter 291 clamping sleeve 292 Piston rod section 293 pistons of a cylinder-piston unit 294 Collet holding section, second interface 295 Collet, second interface 296 HSK interface, 2nd interface 299 Base plate, holding plate 300 preload ring 301 Front face, rear 302 blind holes 303 ring groove 305 helical compression springs 308 O-ring 310 tool holder, static 311 base body 312 stepped bore 313 holder cone sleeve 315 mandrel 316 transverse recess 317 Collet 320 expansion shaft 321 Gleichdick 322 hexagon recess, hexagon socket 340 parallel gripper, static tool holder 341 lower housing 342 recess, oval 343 floor 344 pistons, oval 345 piston rod 348 lower case cover 351 upper housing 353, 354 sleds 355, 356 gripper arms 357 wedge hooks 361 Base plate, holding plate 363 piping system 370 blind covers 400 storage lid clamping system 401 cover clamping sleeve 402 clamping recess with rear grip 405 screw-in fitting shank 410 tensioner, hydraulic 411 clamping element 412 pistons 413 Piston rod 414 clamping cone 415 collet 416 screw-in centering sleeve 418 Centering recess 420 stepped bore 421 screw-in and centering section 422 cylinder section 423 clamping space 500 tools, twist drills 510 tool 511 HSK recess 515 medium transfer pipe 516 flange 517 Screw-in ring with tool groove 570 second tool holder, dynamic; semi-automatic 571 tool holder shank 572 stepped bore 573 Clamping sleeve guide zone 574 Retaining ring groove 575 Sealing ring groove 576 collar surface, flat 577 Cylinder zone of a cylinder-piston unit 578 Collet holding zone 579 Inner cone zone, second interface 580 clamping adapter 581 clamping sleeve 582 camp section 583 mandrel, second interface 584 Spreading section 585 bevels 586 Piston rod section of a cylinder-piston unit 587 flattenings 588 Bund 589 Piston seat section 591 threaded section 592 through hole 593 Medium transfer bore 594 pistons of a cylinder-piston unit 595 Collet, second interface 596 hooked tongues 597 fishing hook 598 Ring spring, rubber ring 599 semicircular grooves 600 preload ring, spring accumulator 601 Front face, rear 602 blind holes 603 ring groove 604 Cylinder chamber 605. System of holes 606 Helical compression springs, spring elements, spring accumulators 608 O-ring, sealing ring 609 retaining ring 610 clamping position 611 Release position 620 compressed air blow gun 621 Blow-out nozzle

Claims

[1] Machine tool (3) comprising a workpiece support carriage (6), characterized bythat the machine tool (3) further comprises at least one multi-level tube magazine (1) with several tool holding levels (101, 102) and tool holding rows (111), in the interior (108) of which several work spindles (40), one per tool holding level (101, 102), are mounted in a dimensionally stable central block (10) which is fixedly arranged on the machine tool side, wherein the central block (10) mounts a single- or multi-part magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) which is displaceable in a driven manner transversely to the central block's own center line (19), wherein the single- or multi-part magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) mounts a magazine tube body (100, 106) which has several tool holding levels (101, 102) and tool holding rows (111) and which is rotatable in a driven manner around the central block (10), wherein the Working spindles are arranged next to each other, wherein tools (500) with tool holders (230) are stored in the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) in such a way,that the work spindles (40) can accommodate the tool holders (230) and can transfer machining forces to the machine tool (3) via their housing, and the tool holders (230) are freely movable relative to the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36), and wherein at least one dynamic tool holder (270, 570) has a tool-receiving interface (283, 294, 295; 579, 583, 595) which is located in a magazine position (96) and can be opened for the removal and / or replacement of a tool (500, 510) by switching on or supplying external energy. [2] Machine tool (3) according to claim 1, characterized by that the machine tool (3) is based on a gantry stand (4), on the front wall of which the multi-level tube magazine (1) is mounted. [3] Machine tool (3) according to claim 2, characterized bythat the magazine tube body (100) rests sealingly on the rear side against a stationary base plate (107) and that the base plate (107) is fastened to the machine tool (3) in the region of the rear side of the central block (10). [4] Machine tool (3) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by that the central block (10) is rigidly fastened at its front end with its rear fastening side (11) to the portal stand (4) of the machine tool (3) which supports it. [5] Machine tool (3) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by that the central block (10) essentially represents an octagonal straight prism and that a height and / or width of a mounting surface of the prism is greater than 60 percent of the maximum diameter of the rotatable magazine tube body (100). [6] Machine tool (3) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by that the portal stand (4) has a stand recess (5) from which the workpiece carrying carriage (6) protrudes. [7] Machine tool (3) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized by that the workpiece support carriage (6) is mounted in the gantry stand (4) in such a way that the workpiece support carriage (6) can be moved in the x, y and z directions (7). [8] Machine tool (3) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized by that the workpiece support carriage (6) has a rotational center line (8) about which the workpiece support carriage (6) can pivot. [9] Machine tool (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the tool-receiving interface (283, 294, 295; 579, 583, 595) has clamping means and that the machine tool (3) supplies the pressure medium for opening the clamping means of the tool holder (270, 570). [10] Machine tool (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the magazine tube body (100, 106) has storage covers (110) for storing a plurality of tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270, 310, 340, 570), the number of which corresponds at most to the number of tool holder levels (101, 102). [11] Machine tool (3) according to claim 10, characterized by that in a working position of the tool holder (230) a gap between the tool holder (230) and one of the storage covers (110) has the function of a labyrinth seal. [12] Machine tool (3) according to claim 10, characterized by that a directional control valve is installed in one of the storage covers (110) of the magazine tube body (100) or the magazine tube body (100), which can be moved from a closed position to an open position by a hand- or foot-operated button. [13] Machine tool (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the interface (283, 294, 295; 579, 583, 595) of the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) has a spring accumulator (600, 606) which positions a collet (295, 595) in the clamping position (610) by means of spring force. [14] Machine tool (3) according to claim 13, characterized by that the interface (283, 294, 295, 579, 583, 595) of the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) has a cylinder-piston unit (277, 293, 577, 586, 594), the piston (293; 594) of which positions the collet (295, 595) in the release position (611) by means of compressed air or hydraulic oil. [15] Machine tool (3) according to claim 14, characterized by that the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) in the magazine position (96) is connected to one of the storage covers (110) via a pressure medium-carrying system (605) consisting of bores. [16] Machine tool (3) according to claim 15, characterized bythat the storage cover (110) supporting the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) has a pressure medium inlet connection (127) to which the system (605) of bores is connected. [17] Machine tool (3) according to claim 16, characterized by that the pressure medium inlet connection (127) is an annular elastomer body through which compressed air can be introduced into the system (605) from bores from the outside. [18] Machine tool (3) according to claim 15, characterized by that the system (605) of bores can be connected to the machine tool side via the magazine tube body (100) and the central block (10) in order to keep the system (605) permanently under pressure. [19] Machine tool (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) is designed as a semi-automatic machine. [20] Method for exchanging a tool (500, 510) in a dynamic tool holder of a rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) with several tool holder levels (101, 102) and tool holder rows (111), in the interior (108) of which several work spindles (40), one per tool holder level (101, 102), are mounted in a dimensionally stable central block (10) arranged in a fixed position on the machine tool side, and the work spindles (40) receive the tool holders (230) mounted on a magazine tube body (100, 106) of the multi-level tube magazine (1) and can divert machining forces to a machine tool (3) via their housing, and the tool holders (230) are thus freely movable relative to the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36), wherein the method comprises the following steps - Gripping the tool (500, 510) located in a magazine position, - connecting or supplying external energy to the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) of the multi-level tube magazine (1) to release the tool (500, 510), and - Pulling out the tool (500, 510) from an inner cone (283) of a conical sleeve (282) of the dynamic tool holder (270, 570). [21] The method of claim 20, wherein the external energy is compressed air. [22] Method according to claim 21, wherein the compressed air is supplied via the machine tool (3). [23] Method according to one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the tool (500, 510) is changed semi-automatically by a machine operator or a handling robot during operation. [24] Rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) with several tool holding levels (101, 102) and tool holding rows (111), in the interior (108) of which several work spindles (40), one per tool holding level (101, 102), are mounted in a dimensionally stable central block (10) which is fixedly arranged on the machine tool side, wherein the central block (10) mounts a single-part or multi-part magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) which is displaceable in a driven manner transversely to the central block's own center line (19), wherein the single-part or multi-part magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) mounts a magazine tube body (100, 106) which has several tool holding levels (101, 102) and tool holding rows (111) and which is rotatable in a driven manner around the central block (10), wherein the magazine tube body (100, 106) with the tool holders required for workpiece machining (200, 230, 250, 270, 310, 340,570) in front of the front end faces (51) of the work spindles (40) both in the direction of rotation of the magazine tube body (100, 106) and in the direction of displacement (29) of the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) - in a working position (95), wherein tools (500) with tool holders (230) are deposited in the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36) in such a way that the work spindles (40) can receive the tool holders (230) and can divert machining forces to the machine tool (3) via their housing and the tool holders (230) are freely movable relative to the magazine tube carrier (21, 35, 36), and wherein at least one dynamic tool holder (270, 570) has a tool-receiving interface (283, 294, 295; 579, 583, 595) which is located in a magazine position (96) and can be opened for the removal and / or replacement of a tool (500, 510) by switching on or supplying external energy., [25] Rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) according to claim 24, characterized by that the dynamic tool holder (270, 570) is designed as a semi-automatic machine. [26] Rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) according to claim 24 or 25, characterized by that the magazine tube body (100, 106) has storage covers (110) for storing a plurality of tool holders (200, 230, 250, 270, 310, 340, 570), the number of which corresponds at most to the number of tool holder levels (101, 102). [27] Rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) according to claim 26, characterized by that a directional control valve is installed in one of the storage covers (110) of the magazine tube body (100, 106) or the magazine tube body (100, 106), which can be moved from a closed position to an open position by a hand- or foot-operated button. [28] Rotating multi-level tube magazine (1) according to claim 26, characterized bythat in a working position of the tool holder (230) a gap between the tool holder (230) and one of the storage covers (110) has the function of a labyrinth seal.

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