Dynamo-electric brake with universal self-centering system and method for dynamo-electric braking

Abstract

Dynamo-electric brake with: a universal self-centered system comprising an outer foundation (2) and a medial foundation (1) situated in a plane, wherein the outer foundation (2) encompasses the medial foundation (1), on each foundation (1, 2) three or more stars (14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19) are rotatably mounted, and a closed chain (13) sequentially connects the stars (14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19) on the outer foundation (2) and the medial foundation (1), and an electromagnet or electric motor, characterized in that the electromagnet or electric motor generates a torque between the foundations (1, 2) of the universal self-centering system, wherein the universal self-centered system includes gears (20, 21, 22) which are mounted on common axes with the stars (17, 18, 19) of one of the foundations (1, 2) and have toothed engagement with an output gear (23) on an output shaft (3) which is connected to a shaft of an object to be decelerated (12) and to the outer foundation (2).

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the category of dynamo-electric clutches and dynamo-electric brakes. Technical background

[0002] A dynamo-electric brake is known, consisting of a metal plate mounted on the axle to be braked and an electromagnet located on one side of the plate, which induces eddy currents in it. To increase the braking torque, the plate is bimetallic (SU 134 327 A1). A disadvantage of this brake is that, during emergency braking, the electromagnet requires more energy to be consumed than is available on the axle being braked.

[0003] One objective of the invention is to achieve a full braking of the axle to be braked, wherein the energy consumption of the electromagnet is less than the energy on the axle to be braked.

[0004] Transmissions for stepless adjustment of the gear ratio, disclosed in DE 37 31 490 A1, DE 43 29 441 A1, US 3 874 253 A and WO 95 / 03 503 A1, use one-way clutches or freewheels, in which a load transfer occurs for locking when engaging. Disclosure of the invention

[0005] The stated objective is achieved by a dynamo-electric brake according to claim 1 or a method for dynamo-electric braking according to claim 3. In a dynamo-electric brake with a universal self-centering system, one-way feedback is formed between an input shaft and an output shaft of the universal self-centering system by applying dynamic properties of the universal self-centering system. A universal self-centering system is known in which only the static properties are used.The universal self-centered system is known from the RU 2014 106 630 A, RU 2014 106 628 A, RU 2014 106 627 A, RU 2014 106 146 A, RU 2013 2013 155 154 A, RU 2013 311 A, RU 2013 153 163 A, RU 2013 152 649 A, RU 2013 145 988 A, RU 2013 145 987 A, RU 2013 2013 RU 2013 144 445 A, RU 2013 144 444 A, RU 2013 142 690 A, RU 2013 142 204 A, RU 2013 142 203 A, DE 10 2013 019 629 A1, DE 10 2013, 1916 OF 10 2013 019 627 A1, OF 10 2013 019 593 A1, OF 10 2013 019 592 A1, OF 10 2013 019 404 A1, OF 10 2013 019 402 A1, OF 10 2013 2013 A1, OF 10 2012 018 131 A1, OF 10 2012 017 180 A1, OF 10 2012 016 380 A1, OF 10 2012 016 314 A1, OF 10 2012 013 318 A1, OF 10 2012 2012 586 A1, DE 10 2012 002 076 A1, DE 10 2012 001 232 A1 und DE 10 2012 000 316 A1.

[0006] The universal self-centering system has an outer and a medial base, both lying in the same plane. The outer base encompasses the medial base. Three or more rollers, stars, or gears are rotatably mounted on each base. The number of rollers on each base is identical. Each roller can be replaced with any two interchangeable rollers to utilize the section of rope, belt, or chain between the interchangeable rollers for tensioning. The effect of the tensioning force on the section of rope, chain, or belt between the interchangeable rollers does not affect the properties of the universal self-centering system. The method for tensioning the belt, rope, or chain is known from RU 2013 147 711 A. The static properties of the universal self-centering system were utilized in the listed inventions.The invention is intended for the utilization of one of the dynamic properties of the universal self-centering system: the joint rotation of the medial and outer foundations is possible even when the axes of rotation of the foundations do not coincide. This means that the medial and outer foundations can rotate with respect to their respective, non-coincident axes of rotation when a torque is applied to one of the foundations.

[0007] To utilize the dynamic properties of the universal self-centering system, the axes of the medial and outer supports must be offset from each other. One method for offsetting the supports' axes by means of an angular displacement involves displacing one or more movable rollers, gears, or stars of the supports with the aid of a spring and returning them to their initial state when a load is applied to an output shaft. Compensation for the length of a chain, belt, or rope is achieved by angular displacement of the medial support relative to the outer support. This method allows, for example, the realization of transitions with a continuously changing transfer relationship and a base angular velocity of the output shaft of zero. Such transitions prevent frictionally rotating and switching sections from interacting.The process makes it possible to do without additional gears, rollers or stars for tensioning. Brief description of the characters On Fig. Figure 1 shows a dynamoelectric brake according to an embodiment with a universal self-centering system. On Fig. Figure 2 shows the universal self-centered system of the dynamo-electric brake when the axes of the foundations of the universal self-centered system meet. On Fig. Figure 3 shows a section of the dynamo-electric brake from the spring side at the meeting of the axes of the foundations. On Fig. 4. Information is provided for the predictive estimation of the magnitude of the chain displacement for a rotation of the universal self-centered system. On Fig. Figure 5 shows the universal self-centered system of the dynamo-electric brake when the axes of the foundations do not meet. On Fig. Figure 6 shows a section along an axis of the universal self-centered system. Embodiments of the invention

[0008] In a specific embodiment of a dynamo-electric brake according to the invention with a universal self-centering system, an electromagnet or electric motor generates a torque between foundations 1 and 2 of the universal self-centering system. A shaft of an object to be braked (motor) 12 is connected to an outer foundation and to an output shaft 3 of the universal self-centering system. The shaft of the object to be braked (motor) 12 coincides with the output shaft 3. The dynamo-electric brake with the universal self-centering system comprises the electromagnet or electric motor with a rotor 6, mounted on a bushing 4, and a stator 5, which is mounted on a body 11. The universal self-centering system includes a medial foundation 1 and an outer foundation 2. The bushing 4 is mounted on the medial foundation 1. Stars 14, 15, 16 are rotatably mounted on the outer foundation 2.On the medial base 1, the axes of the stars 17, 18, 19 are mounted in bearings 9 such that the axes of the stars 17, 18, 19 are free to rotate. Gears 20, 21, 22 are mounted on an axis with the stars 17, 18, 19. These gears mesh with an output gear 23, which is mounted on the output shaft 3. The output shaft 3 is mounted on the medial base 1 by means of a bearing 24. The axes of the stars 15 and 16 are spring-loaded by a spring 10. The object to be decelerated (motor) 12 denotes the source of the torque to be decelerated. A ring 8 is mounted on the outer base 2. A bushing 7 is mounted on the ring 8. The output shaft 3 and the bushing 7 are connected to each other and simultaneously receive the torque from the object (motor) 12 to be decelerated. A closed chain 13 sequentially connects the stars 14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19 of the outer and medial foundation 2, 1.

[0009] The torque from the object to be decelerated (motor) 12 is transferred to the outer base 2 and the output shaft 3. When the electromagnet or electric motor is switched off, there are no mutually acting forces between the medial base 1 and the outer base 2, and the bases 1 and 2 rotate at the same speed. The stars 15 and 16 are in a position that is aligned with Fig. 2 and Fig. Figure 3 illustrates this. The angular velocity of the output shaft 3 corresponds to the velocities of the foundations 1 and 2. The output gear 23, together with the output shaft 3, remains stationary with respect to the medial foundation 1. The chain 13 is not displaced along its perimeter, and the linear velocities 25 and 26 of the chain 13 are zero. The geometric centers of the foundations 1 and 2 coincide.

[0010] When the electromagnet is switched on, the torque generated by the electromagnet acts on the medial foundation 1 with respect to the outer foundation 2. The stars 15 and 16 are brought into a position that is on the Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the distance between the stars is displaced when the electromagnet or electric motor is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the spring 10. The geometric center of the outer foundation 2 is displaced relative to the geometric center of the medial foundation 1. The excess length of the chain 13, resulting from the reduction in the distance between the stars, is compensated by an angular displacement between the foundations 1 and 2. The chain 13 tends to displace along its perimeter. The output gear 23 tends to rotate angularly relative to the medial foundation 1. A component of the linear velocity 26 opposes the torque of the object (motor) 12 being decelerated, and a component of the linear velocity 25 acts on the Fig. Figure 4 illustrates this. The feedback effect of the torque of the object (motor) 12 being decelerated on the displacement of the stars 15 and 16 together with the spring 10 is missing. This phenomenon means that feedback is applied to the output shaft 3, whose deceleration occurs analogously to the negative feedback widely used in radio engineering. It is then shown that the deceleration of the output shaft 3 with a momentum energy "P" requires only the energy "p" of the electromagnet necessary to overcome the force of the spring 10. In this case, "p" < "P", with the remaining energy of the deceleration being distributed among the components of the dynamo-electric brake.

[0011] The magnitude of the displacement of chain 13 can be estimated from the information provided on Fig. Figure 4 is presented. When bases 1 and 2 are rotated to an angle of 120 degrees, the star 16 will assume the position of the star 14. The section of chain 13, labeled 369.25, will be lengthened to 493.42. For a full rotation of bases 1 and 2, the chain 13 will be displaced by the amount (493.42 - 369.25) * 3 = 124.17 * 3 = 372.51. With a radius of 100 for the output gear 23, 100 for the star 17, and 85 for the gear 20, the output gear 23, together with the output shaft 3, will complete 4.38 rotations of 372.51 / (85 * 2 * 3.14) = 4.38 for one rotation of bases 1 and 2. This means that the torque required to stop the object (motor) 12 to be decelerated would have an angular velocity 4.38 times greater than the angular velocity of the object (motor) 12 to be decelerated, but with instantaneous displacement of the stars 15 and 16 into the position that is on the Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig.6 is indicated. In reality, the speed of the object (motor) 12 being decelerated is gradually reduced. An arbitrarily small displacement of the stars 15 and 16 leads to a reduction in the speed of the object (motor) 12 being decelerated to Δv1 at time Δt1, and so on for each subsequent moment until the object (motor) 12 is completely stopped. The energy consumed for actuating the brakes is significantly less than the energy of the shaft being decelerated. This was made possible by the activation of feedback in the universal self-centering system. Reference sign 1. Media foundation 2 external foundation 3 Output wave 4 sockets 5 Stator 6 Rotor 7 socket 8 Ring 9 warehouses 10 springs 11 Corpus 12. Object to be slowed down (engine) 13 closed chain 14, 15, 16 stars on an outer foundation 17, 18, 19 stars on media foundation 20, 21, 22 gears 23 Output gear 24 warehouses 25, 26 Linear velocity

Claims

Dynamo-electric brake with: a universal self-centered system comprising an outer foundation (2) and a medial foundation (1) lying in a plane, wherein the outer foundation (2) includes the medial foundation (1), on each foundation (1, 2) three or more stars (14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19) are rotatably mounted, and a closed chain (13) connects the stars (14, 15, 16;17, 18, 19) on the outer base (2) and the medial base (1) sequentially connects, and an electromagnet or electric motor, characterized in that the electromagnet or electric motor generates a torque between the bases (1, 2) of the universal self-centering system, wherein the universal self-centering system includes gears (20, 21, 22) which are mounted on common axes with the stars (17, 18, 19) of one of the bases (1, 2) and have toothed engagement with an output gear (23) on an output shaft (3) which is connected to a shaft of an object (12) to be decelerated and to the outer base (2). Dynamo-electric brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet or electric motor comprises: a rotor (6) which is mounted on the medial base (1), and a stator (5) which is mounted on a body (11) of the dynamo-electric brake. Method for dynamo-electric braking of an object to be decelerated (12), comprising the following steps: Providing a universal self-centered system comprising an outer foundation (2) and a medial foundation (1) situated in a plane, wherein the outer foundation (2) includes the medial foundation (1), on each foundation (1, 2) three or more stars (14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19) are rotatably mounted, and a closed chain (13) connects the stars (14, 15, 16;17, 18, 19) on the outer foundation (2) and the medial foundation (1) sequentially connects, wherein the universal self-centering system includes gears (20, 21, 22) which are mounted on common axes with the stars (17, 18, 19) of one of the foundations (1, 2) and have toothed mesh with an output gear (23) on an output shaft (3), connecting the output shaft (3) to a shaft of the object to be decelerated (12) and to the outer foundation (2), generating, by means of an electromagnet or electric motor, a torque between the foundations (1, 2) of the universal self-centering system. Method according to claim 3, further comprising the following steps: attaching a rotor (6) of the electromagnet or electric motor to the medial base (1) and attaching a stator (5) of the electromagnet or electric motor to a body (11).

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