Method for operating a system for supplying a vehicle with electrical energy and system

Abstract

Method for operating a system (100) for supplying a vehicle (1) with electrical energy, the system (100) comprising: - a charging station (3), - an energy management unit (5), and - a translation unit (7) with a first communication interface (75) for communication with the energy management unit (5), and a second communication interface (71) which can be coupled for communication with the vehicle (1), wherein in the event that the vehicle (1) is coupled to the second communication interface (71): - the system (100) is provided with a minimum power characteristic value (LK_min) which is representative of a minimum electrical power to be supplied to the vehicle (1), - a first evaluation matrix (KM) is provided to the translation unit (7) via the first communication interface (75), which first evaluation matrix (KM) comprises, for each of the future first time periods (t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7) and for each of the first power levels (P0, P1, P2, P3) of electrical power to be supplied by the system (100), a first evaluation characteristic value (K), which is representative of an effort associated with supplying the respective electrical power for the respective first time period, and - a second evaluation matrix (KM') is determined by the translation unit (7) depending on the minimum performance value (LK_min) and the first evaluation matrix (KM), which is representative for an estimate of the effort, and - the second evaluation matrix (KM') is provided to the vehicle (1) via the second communication interface (71).

Description

A method for operating a system for supplying an electric energy to a vehicle is specified. Furthermore, a system for supplying an electric energy to a vehicle is specified.US 2013 / 0 020 992 A1 relates to a charging device connected between a supply grid and an electric vehicle, wherein the charging device comprises: a measuring unit connected to the supply grid and configured to measure an output voltage and an output current of the supply grid; a communication unit configured to receive an output voltage information and an output current information of the supply grid, a charging voltage information and a charging current information of the electric vehicle and a load state information of the supply grid; a control unit connected to the measuring unit and the communication unit; wherein the control unit is configured to control the utility grid to adaptively charge the electric vehicle via a charging connection unit according to the output voltage information, the output current information, the charging voltage information, the charging current information, and the load state information when the control unit satisfies a charging authorization condition.US 2014 / 0 028 681 A1 relates to an electronic device having a protocol receiver and a protocol display processor. The protocol receiver receives battery information items and one or more travel information items from a server, the battery information items including first information for the first state of charge of a battery in an electric vehicle and second information for the second state of charge of the battery, the travel information items including information indicating usage of the vehicle from a time when the second information is uploaded to the server to a time when the first information is uploaded to the server. The log display processor displays the states of charge of the battery and the travel information items arranged in association with the states.US 2014 / 0 062 401 A1 relates to charging devices and methods for electric vehicles (EV) which make it possible to divide the charging current between a plurality of vehicles which are connected to a single charging energy source. Moreover, this charge sharing can be performed in a network-friendly manner by lowering the current supplied to the EVs when required to satisfy the needs of the network or building operator. The devices and methods may be integrated into charging stations or implemented using a "middle-man" approach in which a multiple EV charging box comprising an EV emulator and multiple circuits for generating pilot signals is coupled to a single EV charging station.US 2014 / 0 142 774 A1 describes an energy management system comprising client and server. The server includes a detection unit, an estimation unit, a computer, and a controller. The acquisition unit acquires data on the electrical equipment in a building including a storage battery of the client. The estimation unit estimates the power demand and the indoor power generation amount based on the data. The computer calculates the electrical equipment operation plan based on the power demand and the power generation amount to optimize the building energy balance under a constraint that minimizes the dump power to be discarded after the storage battery is fully charged. The controller creates control information for controlling the electrical equipment on the basis of the operation plan.US 2014 / 0 249 976 A1 relates to a charging system comprising a charging device configured to charge a battery, an EMS server configured to be capable of communicating with the charging device and a vehicle, a charging management module for performing authentication between user information in a user information database storing the user information including a user ID and a charging destination and information received, and an AMI configured to connect the charging management module and the EMS server. The EMS server is configured to receive the user ID and a charge amount of power from the charging device, transmit it to the accounting management module, and transmit the user ID and an amount of power consumed by the charge to the accounting management module.The document T. Shimizu, A. Yokoyama, K. Sato and K. Kumita, "Smart charging system for PEV based on SEP 2.0 and SAE standards" Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), 2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, Venice, 2014, pp. 692-697, relates to smart charging systems for electrical plug-in vehicles.DE 10 2013 002 078 A1 relates to a method for charging an electrical energy store of a vehicle, wherein the energy store is coupled to a charging device and at least one charging profile is determined and set as a function of user specifications and boundary conditions. The energy store is charged at least with electrical solar energy generated from solar radiation by means of a solar system of the charging device, wherein at least one departure time predefined by the user and an available quantity of solar energy are taken into account as a boundary condition in the determination and setting of the charging profile.The object on which the invention is based is to provide a method for operating a system for supplying a vehicle with electrical energy and a corresponding system which enables a particularly efficient supply of electrical energy.The object is achieved by the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are characterized in the dependent claims.According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for operating a system for supplying a vehicle with electrical energy. The system comprises a charging column, a power management unit, and a translation unit. The translation unit has a first communication interface for communication with the energy management unit, and a second communication interface which can be coupled to the vehicle for communication.In the event that the vehicle is coupled to the second communication interface, the system is provided with a minimum power characteristic representative of a minimum electrical power to be supplied to the vehicle.A first evaluation matrix is provided to the translation unit via the first communication interface, said first evaluation matrix comprising a first evaluation characteristic value for each of future first time periods and for each of first power levels of electrical power to be supplied by the system. The evaluation characteristic value is representative of a outlay which is associated with feeding the respective electrical power for the respective first time period.The translation unit determines a second evaluation matrix depending on the minimum performance characteristic value and the first evaluation matrix, which is representative of an estimation of the effort. The second evaluation matrix is provided to the vehicle via the second communication interface.Advantageously, such a method enables efficient supply of the vehicle with electrical energy.The second evaluation matrix comprises a second evaluation characteristic value in particular for one of future second time periods and for one of second power stages of electrical power to be supplied by the system. The second evaluation characteristic value is in particular representative of an estimate of an effort which is associated with the supply of the respective electrical power for the respective second time period.The system is designed in particular for charging an energy store of a vehicle. In this case, the vehicle can determine, for example as a function of the second evaluation matrix, a supply plan which is representative of the electrical power to be supplied by the system with respect to the second time periods. In other words, the vehicle can select respective second power levels to which electrical power is supplied, depending on the individual second evaluation characteristic values in the different second time periods. In this way, anticipated power dips in solar installations, for example caused by reduced solar radiation, can be advantageously taken into account when supplying the vehicle with electrical energy.The first evaluation matrix is representative of an anticipated effort associated with the supply of the electrical power of the respective first power stage in the respective future first time period. For example, this may be an expected CO2 ausstoß generated in connection with providing the electrical power, or costs required by a network operator for this. Alternatively or additionally, the outlay can also be representative of a proportion of renewable energy in the electrical energy to be fed in.The first evaluation matrix can comprise, for example, a predefined first maximum power level number of first power levels and / or a predefined first maximum time period number of first time periods, wherein the first evaluation matrix can be transmitted in particular via the first communication interface.Furthermore, the second evaluation matrix can comprise, for example, a predefined second maximum power level number of second power levels and / or a predefined second maximum time period number of second time periods, wherein the second evaluation matrix can be transmitted in particular via the second communication interface.The predefined first maximum power stage number can deviate from the predefined second maximum power stage number and / or the predefined first maximum time period number can deviate from the predefined second maximum time period number, in such a way that transmission of the first evaluation matrix via the second communication interface leads to errors or is impossible.For example, the predefined first maximum power level number of the first evaluation matrix is four or more, but the predefined second maximum power level number of the second evaluation matrix is only three. In contrast to this, the respective maximum power stage number can also assume larger or smaller values. By way of example, the respective maximum power level number and / or the respective maximum time period number is predefined in a protocol used by the respective communication interface. As a result, it may be necessary for the translation unit to carry out a translation of the individual evaluation characteristic values. In particular, a conversion of an absolutely specified outlay into a relative outlay can be effected here, for example in relation to a maximum outlay.In an advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, a determination of the second evaluation matrix comprises a determination of a temporary matrix.Depending on the minimum power characteristic value, a lowest power level of the temporary matrix is determined. For each first time period of the first evaluation matrix, a respective entry of the temporary matrix to the lowest power level is determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values of all first power levels below the minimum power characteristic value of the respective first time period. Depending on the temporary matrix, the second evaluation matrix is determined.Advantageously, by combining the first power levels below the minimum power characteristic value, the first evaluation matrix can be converted into the second evaluation matrix particularly efficiently.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, a determination of the second evaluation matrix comprises a determination of a temporary matrix.Here, it is checked per first time period whether a first evaluation characteristic value is smaller than a predefined threshold value or is equal to the predefined threshold value which is assigned to a first power stage above the minimum power characteristic value.In the case that a first evaluation characteristic value is smaller than the predefined threshold value or is equal to the predefined threshold value which is assigned to a power level above the minimum power characteristic value, the highest first power level of the first evaluation matrix is determined in the respective first time period, the first evaluation characteristic value of which is smaller than the predefined threshold value or is equal to the predefined threshold value. The highest first power level determined is then determined as the lowest power level of the temporary matrix of the respective first time period.Otherwise, the lowest power level of the temporary matrix of the respective first time period is determined as a function of the minimum power characteristic value.For each first time period, depending on the first evaluation characteristic values of all first power levels below the lowest power level of the temporary matrix, a respective entry of the temporary matrix to the lowest power level is determined. Depending on the temporary matrix, the second evaluation matrix is determined.This advantageously prevents power slots from being generated in the second evaluation matrix, which are not necessary per se. Thus, it contributes that power slots, in particular with a typically small number of possible power slots, are wasted and thus a potentially finer power / gradation, which would be closer to the real costs, is prevented.By way of example, a lowest entry in the temporary matrix for a certain time interval therefore relates only to a lowest possible power level if the corresponding costs are greater than the predefined threshold value.However, if the relative costs are less than the predefined threshold value or equal to the predefined threshold value for a performance characteristic value in the first evaluation matrix and the performance characteristic value is greater than the minimum performance characteristic value, then the lowest performance level used is not the minimum performance characteristic value, that is to say the physical minimum performance, but just that performance characteristic value in the first evaluation matrix. It is assumed here that the relative costs do not become negative (canen). If appropriate, a corresponding conversion is carried out.Advantageously, this procedure allows a potentially finer power / cost gradation, which approximates the real costs. Thus, it is possible to plan the vehicle for power, the total costs of which are lower.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, the predetermined threshold value is zero.In a further advantageous configuration according to the first aspect, the system is provided with a maximum power characteristic value which is representative of a maximum electrical power which can be absorbed by the vehicle.Depending on the maximum power characteristic value, a highest power level of the temporary matrix is determined. For each first time period of the first evaluation matrix, a respective entry of the temporary matrix to the highest power level is determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values of all first power levels above the maximum power characteristic value of the respective first time period.Advantageously, by combining the first power levels above the maximum power characteristic value, the first evaluation matrix can be converted to the second evaluation matrix particularly efficiently.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, the translation unit is provided with a maximum power table comprising further maximum power characteristic values for each of future further time periods. The further maximum power characteristic values are each representative of a maximum electric power which can be provided to the vehicle in the respective further time period.For each first time period, those further maximum power characteristic values are determined which are assigned to a further time period overlapping the respective first time period.For each first time period, a highest power level of the temporary matrix is then determined depending on the respectively determined further maximum power characteristic values.Depending on the first evaluation characteristic values of all first power levels above the highest power level of the temporary matrix, a respective entry of the temporary matrix to the highest power level is determined.Advantageously, this procedure allows a potentially finer power / cost gradation, which approximates the real costs. Thus, it is possible to plan the vehicle for power, the total costs of which are lower.By way of example, a power limit value is set accordingly in the second evaluation matrix, instead of explicitly reserving a power level offset for the maximum power characteristic value. Thus, a separate entry above the maximum performance characteristic is no longer required.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, adjacent entries of the temporary matrix are iteratively combined in each case block by block until a first and / or second termination criterion is reached.Advantageously, by combining the adjacent entries of the temporary matrix, the second maximum power stage number and / or the second maximum time period number can be achieved and a good estimate of the outlay can be determined. The first termination criterion used is, for example, the second maximum power stage number being undershot. The second termination criterion is, for example, a dropping below the second maximum number of time periods.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, a maximum power stage characteristic value is provided to the translation unit.For each iteration, it is checked as a first termination criterion whether a number of power stages per time period is less than or equal to the maximum power stage characteristic value. Otherwise, a respective mean value is formed for each collectable block with respect to a time period of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix.A lowest mean value is determined for each iteration. The block of entries of the temporary matrix corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined by replacing the entries of the temporary matrix assigned to the block with a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value.Advantageously, the second evaluation matrix can thereby be particularly well adapted to the second communication interface, so that the vehicle can determine from the second evaluation matrix a charging profile which substantially corresponds to a charging profile determined with knowledge of the first evaluation matrix. The supply of the vehicle with electrical energy can consequently be effected particularly efficiently.The maximum power stage characteristic value is in particular representative of the above-mentioned second maximum power stage number.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, a maximum time period characteristic value is provided to the translation unit.For each iteration, it is checked as a second termination criterion whether a number of time periods for each power stage is less than or equal to the maximum time period characteristic value. Otherwise, a respective mean value is formed for each collectable block with respect to a power level of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix.A lowest mean value is determined for each iteration. The block of entries of the temporary matrix corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined by replacing the entries of the temporary matrix assigned to the block with a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value. Advantageously, the second evaluation matrix can thereby be particularly well adapted to the second communication interface, so that the vehicle can determine from the second evaluation matrix a charging profile which substantially corresponds to a charging profile determined with knowledge of the first evaluation matrix. The supply of the vehicle with electrical energy can consequently be effected particularly efficiently.The maximum time period characteristic value is in particular representative of the aforementioned second maximum time period number.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, the first communication interface is operated according to the SEMP protocol ("Simple Energy Management Protocol") (SMA Solar Technology AG: "SEMP, Simple Energy Management Protocol, Specification". Edition 1.0.6. 34266 Nestetal, 14.08.2015 (SEMP-11:ZE3315). 1-48. - Company Publication). This is a protocol from SMA Solar Technology AG, which is currently available in edition 1.0.6 of 14.08.2015 (SEMP-11:ZE3315). Regarding the specifications in this regard, reference is made to the so-called "SEMP Application Note Electric Vehicle via price and power tables" in edition 0.1.0 (SEMPANEV-010:FE3614), likewise from SMA Solar Technology AG.In these documents, in particular, the above-mentioned energy management unit is also specified in more detail as a so-called "energy manager" or so-called "energy management", EM for short.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the first aspect, the second communication interface is operated according to the protocol according to standard DIN EN ISO 15118-2:2014. This is in particular the version of 01. April 2016, entitled "Road vehicles-Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface-Part 2: Network and application protocol requirements" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a system for supplying an electric energy to a vehicle. The system includes a charging post having a first energy interface couplable to the vehicle for supplying electrical energy. The system further comprises an energy management unit having a second energy interface for supplying the charging column with electrical energy. The system further includes a translation unit having a first communication interface for communication with the energy management unit, and a second communication interface couplable for communication with the vehicle. The system is configured to perform a method according to the first aspect.In an advantageous embodiment according to the second aspect, the energy management unit is designed as a home energy management system.Advantageously, the supply of the vehicle with electrical energy can take place decentrally, in particular independently of a central power grid. This contributes to the fact that a particularly large proportion of renewable energies can be used to supply the vehicle. The home energy management system can also be referred to as a HEMS ("Home Energy Management System"). This is in particular the energy management unit specified in the above-mentioned SEMP documents, which is linked to a gateway in the home area. Associated with the home energy management system is the device that communicates with other components and performs smart energy control and / or distribution.In a further advantageous embodiment according to the second aspect, the energy management unit is assigned a decentralised energy supply unit and / or a stationary energy store.The decentralised energy supply unit can be designed in particular as a decentralised solar installation (so-called PV installation).Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings.The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a system for supplying a vehicle with electrical energy, FIG. 2 is a flow chart for operating the system according to FIG. 1 ; and FIG. 3 shows an exemplary first and second evaluation matrix.Elements of the same construction or function are provided with the same reference numerals across the figures.The decreasing costs of purchase for decentralized solar installations (PV installations) combined with the decreasing subjec- tions for the feeding of solar current increase the incentive for the intrinsic consumption of decentralized solar current. Self-consumption may be optimized in a networked house with PV equipment and stationary energy storage with intelligent energy management by a home energy management system (HEMS). The better the self-consumption can be adapted, the lower a network reference.A vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle, can be charged at such a house. The effort involved in supplying electrical energy is to be kept as low as possible. Thus, for example, a feeding in of energy locally provided by the PV system is appropriate. Advantageously, a CO2 ausstoß with the provision of the electrical energy can thus be kept low.In this context, the outlay can denote, for example, costs of a monetary nature and / or a CO2 ausstoß and / or a proportion of renewable energies.For this purpose, the vehicle can obtain rate information from the home energy management system, for example. The home energy management system communicates here by way of example via an application protocol such as SEMP. The vehicle communicates, for example, by means of a protocol that differs from the application protocol. For example, the vehicle only controls the ISO standard DIN EN ISO118-2:2014. In this context, translation between the protocols may be necessary. For the communication between the vehicle and the home energy management system, a translation unit (so-called "gateway") is provided, which is installed, for example, in a charging station, such as a so-called "EV wall box".In this context, estimating the effort associated with supplying electrical energy presents a challenge in translation. In particular, the estimation is intended to ensure that the vehicle can determine a charging profile associated with the lowest possible outlay. In particular, data must be transmitted while complying with the respective protocol specifications.In other words, as intelligent a translation or translation as possible is to be specified, with which translation or translation as possible is made possible for the vehicle to determine a loading profile which is as low in cost or as cost-effective as possible.FIG. 1 shows a system 100 for supplying a vehicle 1 with electrical energy. The system 100 comprises a charging column 3, a power management unit 5, and a translation unit 7.The charging column 3 is, for example, a so-called "wallbox" for electric vehicles. The translation unit 7 can form, for example, a structural unit with the charging column 3, or else be formed separately therefrom.The charging column 3 has a first energy interface 31 and a second energy interface 35. The first energy interface 31 serves here to supply the vehicle with electrical energy. For this purpose, the charging station 3 can be coupled to the vehicle 1 via the first energy interface 31.The second energy interface 35 serves to supply the charging column 3 with electrical energy. For this purpose, the charging column 3 is coupled via the second energy interface 35 in particular to the energy management unit 5.The translation unit 7 has a first communication interface 75 and a second communication interface 71. The first communication interface 75 is used here for communication with the energy management unit 5. the translation unit 7 is for this purpose coupled via the first communication interface 75 in particular to the energy management unit 5.The second communication interface 71 serves for communication with the vehicle 1. the translation unit 7 can be coupled to the vehicle 1 in particular via the second communication interface 71.The energy management unit 5 is in particular a home energy management system (HEMS), preferably a HEMS from SMA Solar Technology AG. The energy management unit 5 can be assigned an energy supply unit 8 such as a decentral solar system (PV system) and / or a stationary energy store 9 such as a battery. The system 100, in particular the energy management unit 5, additionally has, for example, a grid connection (not shown in more detail), via which an energy can be drawn from a central power grid.The first communication interface 75 is operated in particular according to a first protocol, which differs from a second protocol, according to which the second communication interface 71 is operated. In this exemplary embodiment, the first protocol is, for example, the protocol according to standard DIN EN ISO11818-2:2014, which is mentioned in the general part of the description. In further exemplary embodiments, the first protocol can be a different protocol. In this embodiment, the second protocol is also, for example, the SEMP protocol mentioned in the general description section. In further exemplary embodiments, the second protocol can be a different protocol.The system 100, in particular the translation unit 7, is assigned a control device, not shown in detail. This includes a data and program memory in which a program is stored, which is explained in more detail below with reference to the flow chart of FIG. 2.For example, the program is started when the vehicle 1 is coupled to the charging station 3, in particular via the second communication interface 71.In particular, in step S 1, a minimum power characteristic value LK_min, a maximum power characteristic value LK_max, a first evaluation matrix KM, a maximum power level characteristic value LKA_max and a maximum time period characteristic value tA_max are provided.For example, the vehicle 1 transmits the minimum power characteristic value LK_min and / or the maximum power characteristic value LK_max to the translation unit 7, which represent an electrical power to be supplied to the vehicle at a minimum or maximum.The maximum power level characteristic value LKA_max and the maximum time period characteristic value tA_max are assigned to the second communication interface 71, for example, and can be stored in the translation unit 7 and / or provided by the vehicle 1, wherein the maximum power level characteristic value LKA_max represents a second maximum power level number predefined by the second protocol, and the maximum time period characteristic value tA_max accordingly represents a second maximum time period number predefined by the second protocol.The first evaluation matrix KM is provided, for example, by a network operator via the energy management unit 5, or is determined directly by the energy management unit 5.The first evaluation matrix KM comprises, for example, first evaluation characteristics K arranged in rows and columns, which are representative of a outlay associated with supplying electrical power and will also be referred to below as "costs". In this context, the term "favorable" can also represent low-complexity provision of electrical energy. In this exemplary embodiment, the rows of the first evaluation matrix are representative of a first power stage P 0, P 1, P 2, P 3 of the electrical power to be supplied, and the columns are representative of a first time period t 0, t 1, t 2, t 3, t 4, t 5, t 6, t 7 in which the corresponding electrical power is supplied.In the following program steps, a translation is carried out as a function of the first evaluation matrix KM, which translation is designed in such a way that it summarizes power blocks, i.e. entries of the first evaluation matrix KM that are adjacent with respect to the first power levels P0,..., P3, together with costs below the minimum characteristic value LK_min of the vehicle 1, and suitably upcomputes the costs to a second power level P0' of a second evaluation matrix KM'. The second power stage P0' represents, for example, the minimum power to be supplied to the vehicle 1.For example, absolute costs for respective power blocks, i.e. the first evaluation characteristic values K, are transmitted via the SEMP protocol. In contrast to the ISO protocol, however, the costs do not relate to a full power starting from 0 W, but starting from a previous limit or adjacent power level. For translation, the absolute evaluation characteristics K ISO-according must be translated into relative costs in percent, for example in relation to maximum costs to be expected.In particular, the translation takes account of cost differences in the lower power spectrum, as is the case with the following section of an exemplary evaluation matrix KMP0 500W0 c / kWh0 c / kWh0 c / kWhP1 1000W20 c / kWh20 c / kWh20 c / kWhP2 3000W30 c / kWH30 c / kWH30 c / kWHthe following power suppliedR15000100020300030R25000100020300030and the following calculation (calculation R2):R130009030R230007023,33333333This results in a charging process in which only power above the first power stage P 1 is drawn up to a total charging power of 3000 W (compare calculation R 1) total costs of 3*30 c. In this case, the relative cost is always 100% of the maximum cost of 30c. In contrast, however, when power is supplied to the first power stage P 0 in one time period, when power is supplied to between the first power stage P 0 and the second power stage P 1 in another time period, and when power is supplied above the first power stage P 1 in still another time period, only costs of 1×0 c+0.5×20 c+2×30 cwere obtained, or in relative costs in the respective time period 0%, 66%, and 100% of the maximum costs of 30 c.This is to be observed in particular in winter or in solar installations with lower performance, in which the vehicle 1 does not take account of these cost differences, since the lower first power levels P 0, P 1 are below the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min.According to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a minimum charging current without intelligent communication is about 6 A for a PWM value of 10%. For a PWM value of 5%, explicit starting from a so-called "high-level" communication as in standard DIN EN ISO118-2:2014 is used. In ISO it is possible to specify a minimum charging current which can in principle also be lower than 6A. However, there are often restrictions here in power electronics of the vehicle, which require a minimum charging current of approximately 6 A, for example. In this context, it may be useful to specify this minimum charging current in ISO, but the limiting factor here represents the power electronics of the vehicle or other factors.The fact that the vehicle 1 does not take account of the aforementioned cost differences is also due to the fact that the minimum charging power of the vehicle 1 according to IEC61851-1 (this is in particular the edition 2.0 of November 2010, entitled "Electric vehicle conductive charging system-Part 1: General requirements") with a minimum charging current of 6 A at approximately 230 V is approximately 1380 W. Although favorable charging slots, so-called "charging slots", are transmitted to the vehicle 1 below 1000 W, the relative costs are always 100% for power levels above this.More intelligent translation is intended to solve this problem. In a first exemplary embodiment, the translation takes place with a combination of the up-calculation of cost components, i.e. first evaluation characteristic values K, to the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min, and the unchanged relative cost components or first evaluation characteristic values K for the respective first performance stages P 0,..., P 3, which exceed the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min.For this purpose, the program is continued in a step S 3 following the first step S 1.In step S 3, a temporary matrix T is determined. In the first exemplary embodiment, only an up-calculation of the costs up to the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min takes place. In addition, the relative costs of the additional power are maintained by being translated 1:1 into corresponding consumption levels, so-called "consumption slots" gradations (also referred to below as consumption slots). Although the costs do not correspond to reality, they serve as abstract indicator of the sequence of the most favorable consumption levels.In other words, in the first exemplary embodiment, a lowest power level of a temporary matrix T is determined. Here, for each first time period t 0,..., t 7 of the first evaluation matrix KM, depending on the first evaluation characteristic values K of all first power stages P 0, P 1, P 2, P 3 below the minimum power characteristic value LK_min of the respective first time period t 0,..., t 7, a respective entry of the temporary matrix T to the lowest power stage is determined. For example, an average value of the respective evaluation characteristic values K is used for this purpose and / or an interpolation is carried out.For example, in a first evaluation matrix KM, the costs up to P0=500W are 0c, up to P1=1500W are 10c and P3=dar above 20c. The minimum power characteristic value LK_min of the vehicle 1 is, for example, 1000 W. Consequently, the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T is a range of 0W-1000W. The absolute costs of the lowest power stage of the temporary matrix T are therefore 1*0c+1*10c in this case if 500W are initially obtained at 0c in the first power stage P0 and then 500W are obtained at 10c in the first power stage P1. The relative costs of the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T are then 25% of the maximum costs of 20c.The further power levels of the temporary matrix T are essentially obtained from the first evaluation matrix KM or result from the up-calculation. The absolute or relative costs of a next power level of the temporary matrix T between 1000 W and 1500 W therefore continue to be 10 cor 50% of the maximum cost of 20 c, and those of the last power level of the temporary matrix T from 1500 W are 20 cor 100% of the maximum cost of 20 c.Alternatively, a buffer range can also be added to the lowest power level corresponding to a possible next PWM value, so that this is, for example, 10% above the provided minimum power characteristic value LK_min.Alternatively, determining the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T may also comprise the following:For each first time period t 0,..., t 7, it is first checked whether a first evaluation characteristic value K is smaller than a predefined threshold value or is equal to the predefined threshold value which is assigned to a first power stage P 0,..., P 3 above the minimum power characteristic value LK_min. The predefined threshold value may be zero, in particular.In the case that a first evaluation characteristic value K is less than or equal to the predefined threshold value, which is assigned to a first power level P 0,..., P 3 above the minimum power characteristic value LK_min, the highest first power level P 0,..., P 3 of the first evaluation matrix KM, the first evaluation characteristic value K of which is less than the predefined threshold value or is equal to the predefined threshold value, is determined in the respective first time period t 0,.., t 7. Furthermore, the highest first power level P 0,..., P 3 determined is determined as the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T of the respective first time period t 0,..., t 7.Otherwise, as already described above, the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T of the respective first time period t 0,..., t 7 is determined as a function of the minimum power characteristic value LK_min.For each first time period t 0,..., t 7, a respective entry of the temporary matrix T to the lowest power level is now determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values K of all first power levels P 0, P 1, P 2, P 3 below the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T.In the first exemplary embodiment, the translation is limited, by way of example, to the described up-calculation of the costs up to the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min. In this case, following step S3, the program continues in step S15, the temporary matrix T then corresponding to the second evaluation matrix KM'. In the further exemplary embodiments described as follows, however, the program is continued in a step S 5 following the step S 3. In further exemplary embodiments, the program can also be continued in a step S 7 following step S 3.In step S 5, further entries of the temporary matrix are determined. For example, depending on the maximum power characteristic value LK_max, a highest power level of the temporary matrix T is determined. For each first time period t 0,..., t 7 of the first evaluation matrix KM, a respective entry of the temporary matrix T to the highest power level is then determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values K of all first power levels P 0, P 1, P 2, P 3 above the maximum power characteristic value LK_max of the respective first time period t 0,..., t 7.Determining the highest power level of the temporary matrix T may alternatively or additionally comprise the following:The translation unit 7 is first provided with a maximum power table which comprises further maximum power characteristic values for each of future further time periods which are each representative of a maximum electric power which can be provided to the vehicle 1 in the respective further time period.For each first time period t 0,..., t 7, those further maximum power characteristic values are determined which are assigned to a further time period overlapping the respective first time period t 0,..., t 7.For each first time period t 0,..., t 7, a highest power level of the temporary matrix T is now determined depending on the respectively determined further maximum power characteristic values.For each first time period t 0,..., t 7, a respective entry of the temporary matrix T to the highest power level is thereupon determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values K of all first power levels P 0, P 1, P 2, P 3 above the highest power level of the temporary matrix T.In a second exemplary embodiment, the translation is configured in such a way that the first evaluation characteristic values K of the first evaluation matrix KM and thus rate information are deliberately compressed lossy by discarding first power levels P0,..., P3that exceed a maximum charging power of the vehicle 1, that is to say in particular first power levels above the maximum power characteristic value LK_max. This reduces the computational effort for subsequent method steps for further improving translation. If necessary, this can also already make it possible for a number of power stages of the temporary matrix T to be less than or equal to the maximum power stage characteristic value LKA_max.The program then continues in step S7.In a third exemplary embodiment, alternatively or additionally to the procedure according to the first and / or second exemplary embodiment, the translation is designed such that, in the case of an excessively high number of first time periods t0,..., t7 of the first evaluation matrix KM (also referred to below as time slots or so-called "time slots") and thus of the previously determined temporary matrix T, the time slots are combined in a second evaluation matrix KM' such that the vehicle 1 can calculate a charge profile which is improved in terms of cost, such that a charge profile which the vehicle 1 would calculate with knowledge of all time slot information would be as possible, that is to say, for example, in the case that the first evaluation matrix KM would be provided to the vehicle.For this purpose, it is checked in step S 7 whether a number of periods of the temporary matrix T is less than or equal to the maximum period characteristic value tA_max. In the case that the number of periods corresponds to a value greater than the maximum period characteristic value tA_max, the program is continued in a step S 9. Otherwise, the program continues in a step S11.In step S 9, a respective mean value is formed for each collectable block with respect to a power level of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix T. A lowest mean value is then determined, and the block corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined with entries of the temporary matrix T. Here, the entries of the temporary matrix T assigned to the block are replaced by a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value. The program then continues in step S7. In step S 11, it is checked whether a number of power levels of the temporary matrix T is less than or equal to the maximum power level characteristic value LKA. In the case that the number of power stages corresponds to a value greater than the maximum power stage characteristic value LKA, the program is continued in a step S 13. Otherwise, the program continues in a step S 15.In step S 13, a respective mean value is formed for each collectable block with respect to a time period of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix T. A lowest mean value is then determined, and the block corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined with entries of the temporary matrix T. Here, the entries of the temporary matrix T assigned to the block are replaced by a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value. The program then continues in step S11.In a first embodiment variant, according to steps S 7 to S 13, adjacent time slots could be respectively combined until a number of the remaining time slots is less than or equal to the maximum time period characteristic value tA_max, for example 1024 (max. Number of ISO slots). However, very favorable slits could be made indistinguishable by adjacent very expensive slits.In a second embodiment variant, alternatively thereto, the most favorable adjacent slots are initially linked to one another in steps S 7 to S 13. If, in the extreme case, favorable and expensive slots occur alternately, no merging of slots takes place. Based on a combination of the first and secondThe following is therefore adopted as an example:First, in a first step of the second embodiment, price-performance cuts are optionally introduced where the adjacent time slots also have a cut, so that corruption of the calculation can be avoided. The following table is used as an example, in which two SEMP time slots each having three price performance slots, i.e. first evaluation characteristic values K, are translated into ISO.Power Range [W]SEMP Cost at t0 [c / kWh]SEMP Cost at t1 [c / kWh]->ISO Relative Cost at t0ISO Relative Cost at t13000 <=x <40001001000,4250,62000 <=x < 3000 1000 <=x < 2000350,2333400,20 <=x<10000000In order to keep it simple at first, it is assumed here that the minimum performance characteristic value LK_min of the vehicle 1 is less than 1000 W. Here, the relative costs are determined on the basis of the upper power limit:It can be seen from the above example that, for example, at a power of 1500 W, the time slot around t1appears to be more favorable. In fact, this is not the case.This is because the time slots contain SEMP price performance slots costs at different performances. This problem can be solved by determining the costs for all power stages. In order to avoid too strong power fragmentation, reasonable minimum power differences can be considered here, which in the worst case only allow a slight real cost deviation. For example, a minimum difference could be 100 W or be a reasonable value according to a predetermined value range (for example based on a specification). In this example, the following result would be calculated:Power Range [W]SEMP Cost at t0 [c / kWh]SEMP Cost at t1 [c / kWh]->ISO Relative Cost at t0ISO Relative Cost at t13000 <=x <40001001000,4250,62000 <=x < 3000350,23330,46661000 <=x <2000400,1750,20<=x<10000000Due to the fact that the algorithm in the above example has generated additional consumption slots in order to be able to compare adjacent slots better, the actually more favorable slot around t0 would be considered first at a power of 1500 W.Unfortunately, with respect to the specifications according to ISO, this in turn reliably gives more consumption slots than are permitted in the specifications according to ISO. A subsequent compression is described in the following steps.In a second step of the second embodiment, time slot compression is performed until no time slot comprises more than 3 power / cost gradations per slot and at least one of the following conditions is met:representing an energy corresponding to a requested energy amount of the vehicle 1; orthe maximum time interval characteristic value tA_max or the maximum ISO time slot number of 1024 has been reached or undershot; orNo slits can be joined any longer, i.e. the number of slits corresponds to the value 1.In a third step of the second embodiment variant, the most cost-effective slits and layers are first sought and the most favorable adjacent slits are continued from there. However, adjacent time slots should only be linked to one another if the maximum time period characteristic value tA_max, i.e. the maximum number of possible time slots, is still exceeded or if the energy required by the vehicle 1 has not yet been reached with the new compressed slot.In a fourth step of the second embodiment variant, the slots are compressed in such a way that, on the arithmetic average, the next most favorable slots are selected, which can be combined to form a block.In a fifth step of the second embodiment variant, after the required energy requirement has been reached, the compression is also continued until the maximum number of ISO slots has been reached. In this case, slots which have already been combined remain intact.Instead, the most favorable slots are used to continue to travel and new slot blocks are generated. These could then be considered to be completed again when a predetermined threshold value of, for example, 100 Mb is reached, and the method is continued again with the most favorable slots.In a sixth step of the second embodiment variant, after the maximum number of ISO time slots has been reached, only power blocks are compressed upwards until the energy required by the vehicle 1 is covered. After the required energy of the vehicle 1 has been reached, slots which have already been combined remain intact. Instead, the method continues with the most favorable slots and new consumption slot blocks are generated.The following illustrates a compression of an exemplary first evaluation matrix KM with relative costs in a plurality of steps.P3=370099125622P2=250010125622P1=200010111120P0=150000110120In a first step, a temporary matrix T is created from the first evaluation matrix. In this case, the lowest power level of the temporary matrix T is already above the minimum power characteristic value LK_min. In a first step of the compression, the relative costs of the two first power stages P 0, P 1 of the first time period t 7 are combined, for example:P3=370099125622P2=250010125622P1=200010111120P0=15000011012In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t0, t1 of the power stage P0 are combined, for example:P3=370099125622P2=250010125622P1=200010111120P0=1500011012In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t0, t1 of the power stages P0, P1 are combined, for example:P3=370099125622P2=250010125622P1=2000¼111120P0=150011012In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t0, t1 of the power stages P0, P1, P2 are combined, for example:P3=370099125622P2=25001 / 3125622P1=2000111120P0=150011012In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t4, t5 of the power stage P0 are summarized, for example:P3=370099125622P2=25001 / 3125622P1=2000111120P0=1500111 / 22In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t 3, t 4, t 5 of the power stage P 0 are summarized, for example:37009912562225001 / 31256222000111120150012 / 32In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t0, t1, t2 of the power stages P0, P1, P2 are combined, for example:37009912562225005 / 92562220001112015002 / 32In a further step of the compression, the relative costs of the time periods t 3, t 4, t 5 of the power stages P 0, P 1 are combined by way of example. The temporary matrix T then corresponds, for example, to the second evaluation matrix KM':P3=370099125622P2=25005 / 925622P1=20002 / 320P0=15002In step S15, the second evaluation matrix KM' is provided to the vehicle 1. The program is then ended, for example.Advantageously, the translation described enables intelligent translation of various application protocols, in particular into ISO, which contribute to an improved charging profile of the vehicle 1. The charging profile can determine the vehicle 1 from the second evaluation matrix KM'.FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a first evaluation matrix KM with first time periods t0,..., t7, first power levels P0,...P3 and first evaluation characteristic values K and a second evaluation matrix KM' with second time periods t0',...,t2'second power levels P0,...P2 and second evaluation characteristic values K' after translation.List of reference numbers:1 Vehicle 3 charging column 5 energy management unit 7 translation unit 8 energy supply unit 9 energy store 31, 35 energy interface 71, 75 communication interface 100 system KM, KM' evaluation matrix T temporary matrix K, K' evaluation characteristic value LK_min minimum power characteristic value LK_Max maximum power characteristic value t0,..., t7, t0',...,t2' time period P0,...P3 P0',...P2 power level tA_max maximum time period characteristic value LKA_max maximum power level characteristic value S1...S15 program steps

Claims

Method for operating a system (100) for supplying a vehicle (1) with electrical energy, the system (100) comprising: - a charging column (3), - an energy management unit (5), and - a translation unit (7) having a first communication interface (75) for communication with the energy management unit (5) and a second communication interface (71) which can be coupled for communication with the vehicle (1), wherein, in the event that the vehicle (1) is coupled to the second communication interface (71): - the system (100) is provided with a minimum power characteristic value (LK_min) which is representative of a minimum electrical power which is to be supplied to the vehicle (1), - the translation unit (7) is provided with a first evaluation matrix (KM) via the first communication interface (75), For each of future first time periods (t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7) and for each of first power stages (P0, P1, P2, P3) to be supplied by the system (100), a first evaluation characteristic value (K) is determined which is representative of an effort associated with supplying the respective electric power for the respective first time period, and - a second evaluation matrix (KM') is determined by the translation unit (7) as a function of the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min) and the first evaluation matrix (KM), said second evaluation matrix being representative of an estimate of the effort, and - the second evaluation matrix (KM') is provided to the vehicle (1) via the second communication interface (71).Method according to Claim 1, in which - a determination of the second evaluation matrix (KM') comprises a determination of a temporary matrix (T), wherein a lowest power level of the temporary matrix (T) is determined as a function of the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min), and - a respective entry of the temporary matrix (T) to the lowest power level is determined for each first time period (t0,..., t7) of the first evaluation matrix (KM) as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values (K) of all first power levels (P0, P1, P2, P3) below the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min) of the respective first time period (t0,..., t7), and - the second evaluation matrix (KM') is determined as a function of the temporary matrix (T).Method according to Claim 1, in which - a determination of the second evaluation matrix (KM') comprises a determination of a temporary matrix (T), wherein - it is checked per first time period (t0,..., t7) whether a first evaluation characteristic value (K) is less than a predefined threshold value or equal to the predefined threshold value which is assigned to a first power stage (P0,..., P3) above the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min), - in the case that a first evaluation characteristic value (K) is less than the predefined threshold value or equal to the predefined threshold value which is assigned to a first power stage (P0,..., P3) above the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min): - in the respective first time period (t0,..., t7), the highest first power level (P0,..., P3) of the first evaluation matrix (KM), the first evaluation characteristic value (K) of which is smaller than the predetermined threshold value or is equal to the predetermined threshold value, and - the highest first power level (P0,..., P3) determined is determined as the lowest power level of the temporary matrix (T) of the respective first time period (t0,..., t7), - and otherwise: - the lowest power level of the temporary matrix (T) of the respective first time period (t0,..., t7) is determined as a function of the minimum power characteristic value (LK_min); and - for each first time period (t0,..., t7), depending on the first evaluation characteristic values (K) of all first power stages (P0, P1, P2, P3) below the lowest power stage of the temporary matrix (T), a respective entry of the temporary matrix (T) to the lowest power stage is determined, and - depending on the temporary matrix (T), the second evaluation matrix (KM') is determined.The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined threshold is zero.Method according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 4, in which - the system (100) is provided with a maximum power characteristic value (LK_max), which is representative of a maximum electrical power which can be absorbed by the vehicle (1), - a highest power level of the temporary matrix (T) is determined as a function of the maximum power characteristic value (LK_LK max), and - a respective entry of the temporary matrix (T) to the highest power level is determined as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values (K) of all first power levels (P0, P1, P2, P3) above the maximum power characteristic value (LK_max) of the respective first time period (t0,..., t7) per first time period (t0,..., t7) of the first evaluation matrix (KM).Method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, in which - the translation unit (7) is provided with a maximum power table, comprising further maximum power characteristic values for each of future further time periods, which are each representative of a maximum electric power which can be provided to the vehicle (1) in the respective further time period, - for each first time period (t0,..., t7), those further maximum power characteristic values are determined which are associated with a further time period overlapping the respective first time period (t0,..., t7), - for each first time period (t0,..., t7), a highest power level of the temporary matrix (T) is determined as a function of the respective determined further maximum power characteristic values, and - for each first time period (t0,..., t7), as a function of the first evaluation characteristic values (K) of all first power levels (P0, P1, P2, P3) above the highest power level of the temporary matrix (T), a respective entry of the temporary matrix (T) to the highest power level is determined.Method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 6, in which - adjacent entries of the temporary matrix (T) are iteratively combined in each case in blocks until a first and / or second termination criterion is reached.Method according to Claim 7, in which - a maximum power level characteristic value (LKA_max) is provided to the translation unit (7), - a respective mean value is formed for each iteration as a first termination criterion, - a check is made for each iteration as to whether a number of power levels per time period is less than or equal to the maximum power level characteristic value (LKA_max), and otherwise: - a respective mean value is formed for each block which can be combined with respect to a time period of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix (T), - a lowest mean value is determined for each iteration, wherein the block corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined into entries of the temporary matrix (T) by replacing the entries of the temporary matrix (T) assigned to the block by a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value.Method according to one of the preceding claims 7 or 8, in which - a maximum time period characteristic value (tA_max) is provided to the translation unit (7), - a check is made as a second termination criterion for each iteration as to whether a number of time periods per power level is less than or equal to the maximum time period characteristic value (tA_max), and otherwise: - a respective mean value is formed for each block which can be combined with respect to a power level of adjacent entries of the temporary matrix (T), - a lowest mean value is determined for each iteration, wherein the block corresponding to the respective lowest mean value is combined into entries of the temporary matrix (T) by replacing the entries of the temporary matrix (T) assigned to the block by a single entry comprising the respective lowest mean value.System (100) for supplying a vehicle (1) with electrical energy (1), comprising - a charging column (3) having a first energy interface (31) which can be coupled to the vehicle (1) for supplying with electrical energy, - an energy management unit (5) having a second energy interface (35) for supplying the charging column (3) with electrical energy, and - a translation unit (7) having a first communication interface (75) for communication with the energy management unit (5), and a second communication interface (71) which can be coupled for communication with the vehicle (1), wherein the system (100) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9.The system according to claim 10, wherein the energy management unit (5) is designed as a home energy management system.System according to one of the preceding claims 10 or 11, in which the energy management unit (5) is assigned a decentralised energy supply unit (8) and / or a stationary energy store (9).

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