chopping device, chopping machine

Abstract

Guiding a working tool (5), here a hoeing share, to a working surface (11), wherein a holder (1) attached to a frame and a share holder (4) receiving the working tool (5) are connected only by a joint (8) on the holder (1) via a drawbar (2), wherein the share holder (4) is crescent-shaped and is arranged on a mounting plate so as to be adjustable in height by means of bores, and wherein the inclination of the share holder (4) and thus of the hoeing share is adjustable by means of an elongated hole.

Description

Guiding working tools along a desired line and at a specific depth is a widespread fundamental requirement in many agricultural machinery processes. Especially with mechanical cultivators, this function must be achieved as precisely as possible, robustly, and cost-effectively using simple technical aids. State of the art The principle of the parallelogram with two or four articulated arms and the corresponding number of sliding bearing points has proven effective here for decades, with its vertical guidance ensured by an adjustable roller. Such a typical operating principle is described in DE 84 25 658 U1. GB449869A describes a harrow in which the rows of tines are pivotably attached to the frame of the harrow at their front ends and are provided with means by which the depth to which their tips penetrate the soil can be adjusted as desired. DE7626707U1 describes an agricultural soil cultivation implement with several tine or similar working tools arranged movably behind or / and next to each other on a tool carrier, yielding to soil obstacles, connected to each other via a compensating linkage device in such a way that if one of the working tools yields due to a soil obstacle, another working tool is adjusted in the opposite direction. The use of a roller has its limitations on light and soft soils, while the opposite conditions require stable, precisely fitting, and lubricated bearings. As simple as such a design is, it is also susceptible to wear and tear and, due to the many individual parts, can result in correspondingly high repair costs. Each hoeing element, including the roller, can have up to 10 bearing bushings that need maintenance or replacement. For a 3-meter grain hoe, that's 190 parts! Hoeing machines with working widths of 6, 9, or 12 meters are no longer uncommon. Furthermore, the weight of each individual hoeing unit, which is around 10 kg, adds up to such a large amount that additional support wheels are required for the overall frame and its reinforcement. The large vertical oscillation range of the parallelograms is a design feature and not solely due to the need for ground contour following. Because of the work being carried out in a seedbed, a deflection of 10 cm in either direction would suffice even in the event of an obstacle. So-called telescopic shares aim to improve upon the described situation. Here, as explained, for example, in DE 89 13 031 U1, the tines of the hoeing shares are guided vertically in hollow profiles directly on the machine frame. Compared to a parallelogram design, this saves length and weight. The bearing points, in the form of rollers or sliding surfaces, are located within the profiles and require equally careful and precise design. In practice, this solution is susceptible to contamination, which can lead to jamming. Depth control is again achieved using a wheel and therefore does not improve the operating width of the hoeing machines. Task The aim of further development is to design the guidance of the chopping knife in a chopping machine in such a way as to require as few undemanding and low-maintenance bearing points as possible, simple and cost-effective components and materials, while maintaining the known mode of operation, and thereby significantly reducing the weight of a chopping unit per crop row. The problem is solved by guiding a working tool according to claim 1. The dependent claims specify advantageous further developments of the guidance according to the invention. According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a joint that is backlash-free thanks to ball bearings and articulates a longer drawbar covering a large vertical range of motion. At its end, a sliding skid with a share holder and the hoeing share, adjustable in working depth and angle, are fixedly attached. The share is therefore not guided by a parallelogram, and the joint is maintenance-free. Example of implementation This mode of operation will be explained below using an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 shows a schematic side view and top view of a hoeing unit; Figure 2 shows a 3D view of the hoeing unit. On a hoeing machine frame (No. 1), a hoeing unit is clamped to the holder (No. 1) of the hoeing unit at the required row spacing by means of grooved pockets (No. 6). The holder (No. 1) is designed in such a way that taller plants can pass through the frame and the drawbar is guided as flat as possible. A lifting effect caused by the pulling force on the share (No. 5) is counteracted by a compressive force (No. 9) (spring, hydraulic cylinder, or telescopic gas spring) on ​​the drawbar (No. 2). The machine weight can thus be transferred up to 100% to the skids (No. 10). This skid (No. 10) of the hoeing unit is a wear part and is fastened by two screws. A soil contact area of ​​the skid adapted to the row spacing and soil type can thus be easily achieved. The skid (No. 10) is positioned a short distance in front of the hoe share (No. 5), enabling very precise and uniform depth control that follows the soil contours (an advantage over typically soft wheels with a large distance to the share). The sickle-shaped share holder (No. 4) allows the soil to flow away easily. Its height is adjustable via holes on its mounting plate (No. 3), and the inclination of the share holder (No. 4) and thus of the hoe share (No. 5) is adjustable via a slotted hole. This offers the possibility to optimally coordinate the immersion of the share tip (No. 5) and retraction of the hoe share (No. 5) during driving movement as well as the ridging effect. A stop welded to the holder (No. 7) under the pull rail (No. 2) limits its downward movement. The pressure means (No. 9) (telescopic gas spring or hydraulic cylinder) are thus not driven to the end stop, which extends their service life due to less wear. The hoe blades can be lifted out individually and secured by means of a cross pin through holes in the holder. Different working widths can therefore be easily adjusted. The bearing of the joint (No. 8) is designed to be play-free thanks to the ball bearings. Lateral movement is therefore eliminated; however, lateral movement of the hoe blade is possible and even desirable due to the torsional flexibility of the holder (No. 7).

Claims

Guiding a working tool (5), here a hoeing share, to a working surface (11), wherein a holder (1) attached to a frame and a share holder (4) receiving the working tool (5) are connected only by a joint (8) on the holder (1) via a drawbar (2), wherein the share holder (4) is crescent-shaped and is arranged on a mounting plate so as to be adjustable in height by means of bores, and wherein the inclination of the share holder (4) and thus of the hoeing share is adjustable by means of an elongated hole. Guide of a working tool (5) according to claim 1, wherein a compressive force (e.g. gas spring) (9) arranged above it forms a triangle with holder (1) and pull rail (2), which directs the tensile and compressive force via the pull rail (2) to the sliding skid (10). The guidance of the working tool (5) according to claims 1 and 2 is characterized in that the exact depth control is determined by a slight inclination of the sliding skid (10) at the skid end and is located in the immediate vicinity of the hoe share. The guidance of the working tool (5) according to claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that the share holder (4) at the connection with the adjusting plate (3) allows the working tool (5) to be adjusted both in height and especially also in inclination of the working tool (5). Guide of the working tool (5) according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a pressure means which opposes a lifting effect by means of a pulling force on the share (5) by means of a pressure force on the drawbar and a stop welded to the holder (1) under the drawbar, which limits it downwards.

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