Synchronous machine with magnetic flux deflection

Abstract

A synchronous machine (1) comprising a rotor (2) with a rotor base body (3) made of a base body material, a rotor axis (4), and a plurality of permanent magnets (5) distributed over the rotor base body (3), and a stator (6) at least partially surrounding the rotor (2) and having a plurality of stator windings, stator teeth (7), and stator slots (8), wherein the stator teeth (7) are distributed over the circumference of the stator (6) and spaced from one another by the stator slots (8), wherein the rotor (2) has at least two pole change regions (9) formed between permanent magnets (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), wherein the pole change regions (9) are each formed between a first permanent magnet (5a) of the permanent magnets (5) and a second permanent magnet (5b) of the permanent magnets (5), wherein the rotor base body (3) has a first magnetic flux deflection means (11),which extends from a first deflection end (12) facing the stator (6) in the direction of the rotor axis (4), characterized in that the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) is formed in the circumferential direction (U) in a center between the first permanent magnet (5a) and the second permanent magnet (5b), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a first width (B1) at the first deflection end (12) and a second width (B2) at a central region (13) of the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) in the radial direction of the rotor (2), wherein the first width (B1) is smaller than the second width (B2), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a greater extension in the radial direction than in the circumferential direction (U), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a first surface (15) and a second surface (16),wherein the first surface (15) is arranged opposite a first magnetic surface (17) of an adjacent first permanent magnet (5a) and the second surface (16) is arranged opposite a second magnetic surface (18) of an adjacent second permanent magnet (5b), wherein the size of the first surface (15) corresponds to or at least substantially corresponds to the first magnetic surface (17) and the size of the second surface (16) corresponds to the second magnetic surface (18).

Description

The present invention relates to a synchronous machine having a rotor, a stator at least partially surrounding the rotor and at least one magnetic flux deflection means for reducing the cogging torque or torque ripple of the synchronous machine. Synchronous machines of this type are designed in particular for driving motor vehicles.In some motor vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, synchronous machines are frequently used because of their high efficiency and their robust construction. Synchronous machines have a rotor and a stator which at least partially surrounds the rotor. The stator surrounds, for example, a specific rotor section over the entire circumference. The stator has a plurality of stator teeth evenly distributed around the circumference of the stator and spaced apart by stator slots. For generating a rotating field, the stator slots have stator windings. Permanent magnets are arranged on or in the rotor.By applying an electric three-phase current to the stator windings, a magnetic field rotating at synchronous rotational speed can be generated, by means of which the rotor can be set in rotation due to magnetic interactions.Permanent magnet excited synchronous machines with buried permanent magnets have a magnetic anisotropy due to their rotor construction within the rotor, such as the distribution of the permanent magnets, as well as magnetic flux deflection means, such as air pockets, which are formed in the rotor, which leads to an additional reluctance torque component in addition to a synchronous torque component. Especially in the case of symmetrically constructed permanent magnet excited synchronous machines, the rotor and stator construction of which repeats after a pole or a pole change, both due to a uniform stator slot distribution of the stator and due to the magnetic anisotropy in the rotor, which uniformly repeats it, so-called cogging torques occur during no-load operation and, in the energized state, fluctuations in the torque around a constant torque, which are referred to as torque ripple. From the documents JP 2012-161 243 A and CN 207 098 792 U, various permanent magnet excited electric machines are known.To reduce the torque ripple or the cogging torques, the stator can have a slope by, for example, one slot pitch. The cogging torques or torque ripple caused by the grooving of the stator can thus be significantly reduced. The cogging torques and torque ripple caused by the magnetic anisotropy of the rotor can also be reduced at least somewhat. DE 10 2009 050 991 A1 discloses an electric drive machine for a vehicle, in which permanent magnets are arranged buried in a rotor. Air pockets are formed in the rotor for deflecting the magnetic flux through the rotor. DE 10 2010 053 364 A1 discloses a synchronous machine with permanent magnets in which a partial region of the permanent magnets is superimposed by a magnetic flux element in order to reduce the cogging torques. All of these known embodiments have the disadvantage that the cogging torque is reduced only to a small extent.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a synchronous machine which overcomes or at least partially eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art. It is in particular the object of the present invention to provide a synchronous machine which further reduces torque ripple or cogging torques with simple means without appreciably adversely affecting the original torque-rotational speed properties.The above object is achieved by the patent claims. Accordingly, the object is achieved by a synchronous machine according to independent claim 1. Further features and details of the invention are evident from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.The synchronous machine according to the invention has a rotor with a rotor base body made of a base body material, a rotor axis and a plurality of permanent magnets distributed over the rotor base body, and a stator, which at least partially surrounds the rotor and has a plurality of stator teeth and stator grooves having stator windings. The stator teeth are distributed over the circumference of the stator and spaced apart from one another by the stator slots. The permanent magnets are preferably arranged within the main body of the rotor. This arrangement is also referred to as a buried arrangement. The rotor has at least two pole change regions which are formed between permanent magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction. The pole change regions are each formed between a first permanent magnet of the permanent magnets and a second permanent magnet of the permanent magnets. The rotor base body has a first magnetic flux deflection means which extends from a first deflection end facing the stator in the direction of the rotor axis. According to the invention, the first magnetic flux deflecting means is formed in a center in the circumferential direction between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet. The first magnetic flux deflection means has a first width at the first deflection end and a second width in a region of the first magnetic flux deflection means that is central in the radial direction of the rotor, wherein the first width is smaller than the second width.The base body material of the rotor base body is preferably a ferromagnetic material. The permanent magnets are arranged on or as buried permanent magnets in the rotor base body and are preferably fixed or bonded there in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. The rotor is configured to rotate about the rotor axis. The permanent magnets are arranged in such a way that the rotor has at least two pole change regions in which a polarity of the magnetic field of the rotor is reversed.The stator surrounds a rotor section of the rotor preferably over the entire circumference, that is to say by 360°. The stator teeth preferably point toward the rotor axis. An air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor to allow free rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.The first magnetic flux deflection means is configured to deflect a magnetic flux. For this purpose, the first magnetic flux deflection means is arranged on the pole change axis of the pole change region of the rotor and extends along the pole change axis at least over a portion in the direction of the rotor axis. Thus, the magnetic flux deflection means is arranged between two permanent magnets. Preferably, the magnetic flux deflection means is designed mirror-symmetrically to the pole change axis. Furthermore, the first magnetic flux deflection means has different widths over its extension in the radial direction. The first deflection end of the magnetic flux deflection means facing away from the rotor axis or facing the stator has a smaller first width than a second width of a central region formed between the first deflection end and the rotor axis. The first magnetic flux deflection means is thus configured in such a way that a magnetic flux running in a q-axis of a stator tooth facing the center of the pole change region is divided into two magnetic flux parts, wherein a first magnetic flux part is deflected past a first side of the first magnetic flux deflection means and a second magnetic flux part is deflected past a second side of the first magnetic flux deflection means, which second side is different from the first side.The synchronous machine according to the invention has the advantage over conventional synchronous machines that the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets flows through a larger region of the rotor in the region of the pole change axis by the first magnetic flux deflection means. As a result, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes through the entire air gap in the region of a pole width or between two pole change axes. The region along the pole change axis, which in embodiments according to the prior art is not traversed by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, but is traversed exclusively by a rotating field in the Q axis generated in the stator, is dispensed with. In this way, a torque ripple of the synchronous machine can be substantially reduced compared to conventional synchronous machines. The torque ripple reduced via the rotor structure makes it possible, for example, to save a skew of the stator, as a result of which the costs of the stator are lowered. However, the torque ripple of a synchronous machine already skewed in the stator can also be further reduced.According to a preferred development of the invention, it can be provided in a synchronous machine that the first magnetic flux deflection means is designed as an air pocket formed in the rotor base body. An air pocket is a cavity formed in the base body. The air pocket is formed on the pole change axis. According to the invention, it can be provided that the air pocket is completely or at least partially filled with a deflecting material, in particular a foamed deflecting material. It can additionally or alternatively be provided that a wall of the air pocket is completely or at least partially coated with a layer of a layer material. The layer material is preferably different from the base body material. Air pockets can be produced with simple means and cost-effectively. Moreover, they reduce the overall weight of the rotor and thus of the synchronous machine.It is preferred that end regions of the stator teeth facing the rotor have a third width, wherein the third width is greater than the first width of the first deflection end of the first magnetic flux deflection means. These end regions are also referred to as tooth heads. This has the advantage that a magnetic flux of a stator tooth can be deflected more laterally past the first magnetic flux deflection means and is not shielded, or is shielded only at most partially, by the first magnetic flux deflection means. The torque ripple can thus be reduced further.Preferably, the first magnetic flux deflection means continuously widens from the first deflection end to the central region. A continuous widening is understood within the scope of the invention to mean a widening which does not run abruptly. Preferably, the widening extends in a curved or linear manner or in sections in a curved and in sections in a linear manner. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first magnetic flux means tapers again, preferably tapers continuously, from the central region to a second deflection end which points towards the rotor axis. The first magnetic flux deflection means preferably has a wedge-shaped, diamond-shaped or similar cross-section. By means of a continuous widening of the first magnetic flux deflection means, a particularly advantageous deflection of the magnetic flux can be achieved with simple means and at low cost. Alternatively, the first magnetic flux deflection means can also have a constant widthMore preferably, the first magnetic flux deflection means has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is arranged opposite a first magnetic surface of an adjacent first permanent magnet and the second surface is arranged opposite a second magnetic surface of an adjacent second permanent magnet. The size of the first surface corresponds to the size of the first magnetic surface and the size of the second surface corresponds to the size of the second magnetic surface completely or at least substantially. In this way, end faces of permanent magnets facing the pole change region can be covered by the first magnetic flux deflection means. A distance between the first magnetic flux deflection means and the adjacent permanent magnet can be designed as desired, but should be kept as small as possible, so that a magnetic leakage flux is reduced. Distances from zero upward, in particular an embodiment "open" toward the air gap, are possible here. In this way, it is avoided that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets already closes inside the rotor as stray flux.It is preferred that the rotor has a second magnetic flux deflection means arranged next to the first magnetic flux deflection means in the circumferential direction, wherein a distance is formed between the first magnetic flux deflection means and the second magnetic flux deflection means, wherein the distance is 0.1 to 3 times, in particular 1.2 to 1.5 times, the third width of the stator teeth. The spacing is formed in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the distance is formed in such a way at least in a region of the rotor adjacent to the stator. Such a distance has the advantage that a region of the base body made of base body material can be arranged opposite a stator tooth, which region has a substantially greater width than the stator tooth and thus permits a magnetic flux over a large width. The distance is preferably designed such that the magnetic flux in the q-axis of two or more adjacent stator teeth can flow simultaneously through this region of the base body. In this way, the torque ripple can be significantly reduced. It is thus avoided that the structure in the stator, consisting of teeth and slots, therefore the continuous change of regions of high permeability (such as iron in the tooth) and low permeability (air or slot wedge or other materials of low permeability in the slot) repeats in the same form / at equal distances in the rotor, therefore continuous change of rotor base material of high permeability and magnetic flux deflection means of low permeability, mirror-symmetrically in the region of the pole change axis or the q-axis.Preferably, the permanent magnets of the rotor are arranged next to one another in a first row of magnets, wherein adjacent permanent magnets have a greater distance from one another in the pole change region than in other regions. Permanent magnets arranged in a row of magnets are understood according to the invention to mean that the permanent magnets are arranged next to one another on a symmetrical curve or straight line. The permanent magnets of the first row of magnets preferably have at least approximately the same distance from the rotor axis. The arrangement of the permanent magnets in a first magnet row together with the first magnetic flux deflection means has the advantage that the magnetic flux can be guided through the rotor in the q-axis along the magnet row. At the same time, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes through the entire rotor circumference between two pole change axes by the first row of magnets in conjunction with the first magnetic flux deflection means. This promotes the generation of a more suitable air gap field.Further preferably, the permanent magnets of the rotor are also arranged in a second row of magnets, wherein the first row of magnets is arranged between the second row of magnets and the rotor axis. Accordingly, the permanent magnets are arranged in two different magnet rows. The first magnetic flux deflection means is arranged and configured such that a first magnetic flux, which runs in the q-axis between a first pair of stator teeth, and a second magnetic flux, which runs in the q-axis between at least one adjacent second pair of stator teeth, is passed between the first magnet row and the second magnet row. The magnetic flux in the q-axis extends from a stator tooth to a stator tooth remote therefrom. These stator teeth are referred to as a pair of stator teeth. The stator teeth of the first pair of stator teeth are each adjacent to a stator tooth of the second pair of stator teeth. Preferably, the first pair of stator teeth is surrounded by the second pair of stator teeth in the circumferential direction. In conventional embodiments, the first magnetic flux is guided between the first row of magnets and the second row of magnets, and the second magnetic flux is guided between the first row of magnets and the rotor axis. The synchronous machine according to the invention thus has the advantage over conventional synchronous machines that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet penetrates a larger area of the pole change region. The pole change region is penetrated more uniformly by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet in this way. More suitable air gap fields can thereby be generated under circumstances / depending on the machine. At the same time, the rotating field generated by the stator is guided in the q-axis in such a way that the rotational speed ripple can be reduced further.Furthermore, according to the invention, it can be provided that the permanent magnets of the rotor are also arranged in a third or further row of magnets, wherein the second row of magnets is arranged between the third row of magnets and the first row of magnets. The magnetic flux, which runs in the q-axis between at least a third pair of stator teeth, is passed between the third magnet row and the second magnet row. The synchronous machine according to the invention has the advantage over conventional synchronous machines that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet penetrates the region between two pole change axes almost completely on the rotor circumference in the direction of the air gap. As a result, a more suitable air gap field can first be generated / generated at all and the rotational speed ripple can be reduced further.Preferably, the stator teeth of the stator are arranged obliquely to the rotor axis. The rotor axis is parallel to the stator longitudinal direction, so the stator teeth are arranged obliquely to the stator longitudinal direction. Preferably, the inclination of the stator teeth corresponds to a division of the distribution of the stator teeth with stator grooves over the stator. An oblique arrangement of the stator slots has the advantageous effect that, in particular, the torque ripple, caused by the alternation of stator tooth and slot, is thereby reduced.The torque ripple can be reduced by the described embodiment at all operating points within the torque-rotational speed window of the synchronous machine.Synchronous machines known from the prior art and two preferred exemplary embodiments of synchronous machines according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. They show in each case schematically: FIG. 1 shows a section of a first embodiment of a synchronous machine according to the prior art, FIG. 2 shows a section of a second embodiment of a synchronous machine according to the prior art, FIG. 3 shows a section of a first embodiment of a synchronous machine according to the invention, FIG. 4 shows a section of a second embodiment of a synchronous machine according to the invention, and FIG. 5 shows a diagram for comparing the torque ripple of a synchronous machine according to the invention with a conventional synchronous machine.Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference numerals in each of FIGS. 1 to 5.FIG. 1 schematically depicts a section of a first embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art. The synchronous machine 1 has a rotor 2 with a rotor base body 3 formed about a rotor axis 4 and made of a base body material, in particular a ferromagnetic base body material. The rotor 2 is surrounded by a stator 6 of the synchronous machine 1. The stator 6 has a plurality of stator teeth 7 with stator windings which are distributed over the circumference of the stator 6. Adjacent stator teeth 7 are spaced apart from one another by a respective stator slot 8. The rotor 2 has a plurality of permanent magnets 5, which are arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction U in a first magnet row R 1 and in a second magnet row R 2. The rotor 2 has a plurality of pole change regions 9 with a pole change axis 10. The pole change areas 9 are formed between adjacent permanent magnets 5, which have a greater distance from one another than other adjacent permanent magnets 5. The pole change axis 10 extends in the radial direction of the rotor 2. in the pole change region 9, the rotor 2 has two first magnetic flux deflection means 11 which are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the pole change axis 10 and are spaced apart from it. A first deflection end 12 of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 is directed away from the rotor axis 4 to the adjacent stator 6. On the second row of magnets R2 there are arranged second magnetic flux deflection means 19.A magnetic flux component in the Q axis Q runs in each case between a pair of stator teeth 7. a first magnetic flux M 1 is formed between a first pair of stator teeth 7. A second magnetic flux M 2 is formed between a second pair of stator teeth 7. The first magnetic flux M 1 is conducted between the rotor axis 4 and the first magnet row R 1 and the second magnetic flux M 2 is conducted between the first magnet row R 1 and the second magnet row R 2 by the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 and the second magnetic flux deflection means 19. This first embodiment according to the prior art has the disadvantage that in the pole change region, the course of magnetically highly permeable material and material of permeability close to 1 changes equally in the stator and rotor, so to speak being reflected in the circumferential direction.The second embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art shown in FIG. 2 corresponds substantially to the first embodiment of the synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art shown in FIG. 1, wherein in the second embodiment the permanent magnets 5 are also arranged in a third magnet row R 3. Third magnetic flux deflection means 20 are arranged on the third row of magnets R 3. A third magnetic flux M 3 is conducted between the second magnet row R 2 and the third magnet row R 3. This second embodiment according to the prior art has the disadvantage that in the pole change region, the course of magnetically highly permeable material and material of permeability close to 1 changes equally in the stator and rotor, so to speak being reflected in the circumferential direction.FIG. 3 schematically shows a section of a first embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 according to the invention. The synchronous machine 1 has a rotor 2 with a rotor base body 3 formed about a rotor axis 4 and made of a base body material, in particular a ferromagnetic base body material. The rotor 2 is surrounded by a stator 6 of the synchronous machine 1. The stator 6 has a plurality of stator teeth 7 with stator windings which are distributed over the circumference of the stator 6. Adjacent stator teeth 7 are spaced apart from one another by a respective stator slot 8. The rotor 2 has a plurality of permanent magnets 5, which are arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction U in a first magnet row R 1 and in a second magnet row R 2. A channel formed between the first magnet row R 1 and the second magnet row R 2 has a greater width than in the case of a synchronous machine of the same size according to the prior art in order to improve the magnetic flux through this channel. The rotor 2 has a plurality of pole change regions 9 with a pole change axis 10. The pole change areas 9 are formed between adjacent permanent magnets 5, which have a greater distance from one another than other adjacent permanent magnets 5. The pole change axis 10 extends in the radial direction of the rotor 2. in the pole change region 9, the rotor 2 has a first magnetic flux deflection means 11 which extends mirror-symmetrically to the pole change axis 10 and along the latter. A first deflection end 12 of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 has a direction away from the rotor axis 4 toward the adjacent stator 6. From the central region 13 toward the rotor axis 4, the width of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 decreases again.Thus, the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 has a distorted diamond shape with flattened ends. A first surface 15 of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 is arranged opposite an approximately identically sized first magnetic surface 17 of a first permanent magnet 5 aof the first magnet row R 1. A second surface 16 of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 is arranged opposite an approximately identically sized second magnetic surface 18 of a second permanent magnet 5 bof the first magnet row R 1. On the second row of magnets R2 there are arranged second magnetic flux deflection means 19. A distance A is formed between the first deflection end 12 of the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 and the second magnetic flux deflection means 19. An end region 14 of the stator teeth 7 facing the rotor 2 has a third width B 3, wherein the distance A is approximately 0.1 to 3 times, preferably 1.3 times, the third width B 3.A magnetic flux in the Q axis Q is respectively formed between a pair of stator teeth 7. A second magnetic flux M 2 is formed between a second pair of stator teeth 7. By the first magnetic flux deflection means 11 and the second magnetic flux deflection means 19, the first magnetic flux M 1 and the second magnetic flux M 2 are conducted between the first magnetic row R 1 and the second magnetic row R 2. This first embodiment according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the magnetic flux in the Q axis Q penetrates the pole change regions 9 more uniformly and thus torque ripple is reduced.The second embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 corresponds substantially to the first embodiment of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3, wherein in the second embodiment the permanent magnets 5 are also arranged in a third magnet row R 3. Third magnetic flux deflection means 20 are arranged on the third row of magnets R 3. A third magnetic flux M 3 is conducted between the second magnet row R 2 and the third magnet row R 3. This second embodiment according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the magnetic flux in the Q axis Q penetrates the pole change regions 9 more uniformly and thus torque ripple is reduced.FIG. 5 shows torque ripple of a synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art and also torque ripple of a synchronous machine 1 according to the invention in a diagram over an electrical angle of 0° to 360°. The torque ripple of the synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art is shown as a dashed line and the torque ripple of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention is shown as a solid line. It can easily be seen from this diagram that the maximum excursions of the torque ripple of the synchronous machine 1 according to the prior art are approximately twice as high as the maximum excursions of the torque ripple of the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention, both with a skewed and an un skew stator. Thus, the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention has a significantly reduced torque ripple than conventional synchronous machines. This applies in the entire torque-rotational speed range, wherein FIG. 5 shows the maximum torques in the basic rotational speed range (without field weakening). The torque and rotational speed behavior and the electromagnetic behavior of the synchronous machine are comparable to an embodiment according to the prior art.List of reference characters1 Synchronous machine 2 Rotor 3 Rotor base body 4 Rotor axis 5 Permanent magnet 5 aFirst permanent magnet 5 bSecond permanent magnet 6 Stator 7 Stator tooth 8 Stator groove 9 Pole change region 10 Pole change axis 11 First magnetic flux deflection means 12 First deflection end 13 Central region 14 End region 15 First surface 16 Second surface 17 First magnetic surface 18 Second magnetic surface 19 Second magnetic flux deflection means 20 Third magnetic flux deflection means A Distance B 1 First width B 2 Second width B 3 Third width M 1 First magnetic flux M 2 Second magnetic flux M 3 Third magnetic flux Q Magnetic flux in Q axis R 1 First magnetic row R 2 Second magnetic row R 3 Third magnetic row U Circumferential direction

Claims

Synchronous machine (1) having a rotor (2) with a rotor base body (3) made of a base body material, a rotor axis (4) and a plurality of permanent magnets (5) distributed over the rotor base body (3), and a stator (6) at least partially surrounded by the rotor (2) and having stator teeth (7) and stator grooves (8) having stator windings, wherein the stator teeth (7) are distributed over the circumference of the stator (6) and are spaced apart from one another by the stator grooves (8), wherein the rotor (2) has at least two pole change regions (9) which are formed between permanent magnets (5) adjacent in the circumferential direction (U), wherein the pole change regions (9) are each formed between a first permanent magnet (5a) of the permanent magnets (5) and a second permanent magnet (5b) of the permanent magnets (5), wherein the rotor base body (3) has a first magnetic flux deflection means (11), which extends from a first deflection end (12) facing the stator (6) in the direction of the rotor axis (4), characterized in that the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) is formed in the circumferential direction (U) in a centre between the first permanent magnet (5a) and the second permanent magnet (5b), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a first width (B1) at the first deflection end (12) and a second width (B2) at a region (13) of the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) that is central in the radial direction of the rotor (2), wherein the first width (B1) is smaller than the second width (B2), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a greater extension in the radial direction than in the circumferential direction (U), wherein, wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) has a first surface (15) and a second surface (16), wherein the first surface (15) is arranged opposite a first magnetic surface (17) of an adjacent first permanent magnet (5a) and the second surface (16) is arranged opposite a second magnetic surface (18) of an adjacent second permanent magnet (5b), wherein the size of the first surface (15) corresponds to the first magnetic surface (17) and the size of the second surface (16) corresponds to or at least substantially corresponds to the second magnetic surface (18).Synchronous machine (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) is designed as an air pocket formed in the rotor main body (3).Synchronous machine (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that end regions (14) of the stator teeth (7) facing the rotor (2) have a third width (B3), wherein the third width (B3) is greater than the first width (B1) of the first deflection end (12) of the first magnetic flux deflection means (11).Synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) widens continuously from the first deflection end (12) to the central region (13).Synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (2) has a second magnetic flux deflection means (19) arranged next to the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) in the circumferential direction (U), wherein a distance (A) is formed between the first magnetic flux means (11) and the second magnetic flux means (19), wherein the distance (A) is 0.1 to 3 times, in particular 1.2 to 1.5 times, the third width (B3) of the stator teeth (7).Synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets (5) of the rotor (2) are arranged next to one another in a first row of magnets (R1), wherein adjacent permanent magnets (5) in the pole change region (9) have a greater distance from one another than in other regions.Synchronous machine (1) according to claim 6, characterised in that the permanent magnets (5) of the rotor (2) are also arranged in a second magnet row (R2), wherein the first magnet row (R1) is arranged between the second magnet row (R2) and the rotor axis (4), wherein the first magnetic flux deflection means (11) is arranged and configured such that a first magnetic flux (M1), which runs in the q-axis between a first pair of stator teeth (7), and a second magnetic flux (M2), which runs in the q-axis between at least one adjacent second pair of stator teeth (7), is passed between the first magnet row (R1) and the second magnet row (R2).Synchronous machine (1) according to claim 7, characterised in that the permanent magnets (5) of the rotor (2) are also arranged in a third row of magnets (R3), wherein the second row of magnets (R2) is arranged between the third row of magnets (R3) and the first row of magnets (R1), wherein the magnetic flux which runs in the q-axis between at least one third pair of stator teeth (7) is passed through between the third row of magnets (R3) and the second row of magnets (R2).Synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator teeth (7) of the stator (6) are arranged obliquely to the rotor axis (4).

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