Device for crushing or grinding grains or flakes

Abstract

Device for crushing or grinding grains or flakes with at least two counter-rotating, rotatable rollers (1; 2), wherein the rollers (1; 2) are arranged in a housing (3) forming a grinding or crushing gap (8), so that a crushing or grinding mechanism is formed, wherein a funnel-shaped feed hopper (6) is formed above the crushing or grinding mechanism, which transitions into a discharge contour (7) and the rollers (1; 2) are arranged in their position on the installation side in such a way that the grinding or crushing gap (8) has sections of different gap widths over its length (L), characterized by the fact that The funnel-shaped material feed (6) is movable over the length of the grinding or squeezing gap (8) in order to selectively feed material to areas of different gap widths.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for crushing or grinding grains or flakes with at least two counter-rotating, rotatable rollers, wherein the rollers are arranged in a housing forming a grinding or crushing gap, so that a crushing or grinding mechanism is created, wherein a funnel-shaped feed for the material to be ground is formed above the crushing or grinding mechanism, which transitions into a discharge contour according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] A device for grinding and crushing grain is known from DE 44 22 105 C2. A grinding mechanism, consisting of a stationary and a rotatable grinding element, is arranged in a housing. The grinding elements are driven by an electric motor whose direction of rotation is reversible. A freewheel mechanism allows the grinding mechanism to be engaged and the crushing element to be disengaged, while a change in the direction of rotation of the electric motor engages the freewheel of the crushing element and disengages the freewheel of the grinding mechanism.

[0003] The rollers there have a frustoconical shape, with the grinding gap being uniform along its entire length but adjustable in width. Furthermore, a feed hopper for the grinding and crushing mechanisms is provided at the top of the housing.

[0004] In the hand-operated flaker according to DE 296 07 241 U1, two crushing rollers are rotatably mounted on a frame with horizontal, parallel axes of rotation, forming a crushing gap between them. The previously known flaker also has a feed hopper, the outlet of which opens into the crushing gap. The axes of rotation of the crushing rollers lie at an angle of approximately 30 to 60° to the horizontally rising plane to ensure a self-regulating feed of material to be ground.

[0005] A flaking mill with two rollers, mounted in a frame with a gap for the flakes to pass through, is known from AT 14370 U1. One of the rollers is rotatable via a crank and serves as the drive roller. The size of the grinding gap can be changed by adjusting wing nuts.

[0006] DE 41 22 918 B4 relates to a device for crushing and / or grinding grains, such as cereal flakes, in the form of a table-top device with roller-shaped crushing or grinding mechanisms that form a gap between their surfaces for the cereal grains.

[0007] In the known device, conical rollers are used, the opposing conical surfaces of which form the crushing or grinding gap for the grain kernels. The trapezoidal conical rollers are arranged side by side such that the height of the conical sections of the rollers is less than their diameter. Furthermore, a defined conical angle must be maintained. According to DE 41 22 918 B4, the conical rollers are axially displaceable relative to each other to adjust the crushing gap. With a corresponding displacement movement, the crushing gap is uniformly increased or decreased along its entire length, thus providing different degrees of flocculation or ground material of varying particle sizes.

[0008] The generic flaking mill according to DE 200 11 484 U1 with adjustable crushing gap has a DC sliding wiper motor for drive.

[0009] The aforementioned prior art solutions have in common that, in order to adjust the fineness of the ground material, whether flaky or conventional, the relative position of the rollers forming the grinding gap must be adjustable. Therefore, in each case, a mechanical device with an adjustment drive must be provided to change the grinding gap according to the specific conditions of the material being processed and the desired grinding consistency.

[0010] From the foregoing, it is an object of the invention to provide a further developed device for crushing or grinding grains or flakes with at least two counter-rotating, rotatable rollers, wherein the rollers are arranged in a housing forming a grinding or crushing gap and in which a different degree of granulation or crushing of the material fed can be selectively obtained without requiring a change in the relative position of the rollers to each other.

[0011] The problem of the invention is solved by a device according to the combination of features according to claim 1, wherein the dependent claims include expedient embodiments and further developments.

[0012] The invention is based on the fundamental idea of ​​forming a fixed grinding gap that has a different gap width along its length.

[0013] This can be achieved, for example, by arranging two conical rollers or tapered rollers essentially parallel to each other.

[0014] Alternatively, cylindrical rollers can be arranged so that the longitudinal axes of these cylindrical rollers intersect in an imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis, whereby in this case a grinding gap is also created which has a different gap width over its gap length.

[0015] To achieve different degrees of fineness or compression, it is possible to make a funnel-shaped feed for the grinding material movable along the length of the grinding or compression gap.

[0016] For example, if the outlet contour of such a grinding material task is moved into an area where the gap width of the grinding gap is relatively large, a coarser grinding material is produced.

[0017] However, if the material being ground is moved with its outlet contour into an area where there is a very narrow grinding gap, fine grinding or finer crushing takes place.

[0018] The device can therefore be very simple in design, since the rollers in the housing do not need to be adjustable relative to each other.

[0019] The displacement of a grinding material feed hopper with a corresponding discharge contour on the top of the corresponding housing is easy to implement technically and does not require elaborate bearings, as is the case with rollers that have to be adjustable to change a grinding gap relative to each other.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge width of the grinding material feed, i.e. the area of ​​the discharge contour, is smaller than the length of the grinding gap.

[0021] The displacement of the material being ground is essentially carried out in the longitudinal axis direction of the rollers.

[0022] The distance between the material feed point and the exit point of the material being ground can be adjusted towards the surface of the rollers in order to regulate the amount of material being fed in.

[0023] On the installation side, several fixed points can be provided for mounting the rollers for a basic setting of the grinding or crushing gap.

[0024] Furthermore, one aspect of the invention is to arrange the rollers interchangeably in the housing.

[0025] The rollers can be driven manually, i.e. by hand, for example by means of a crank drive, but also by an electric motor.

[0026] In a quasi-kinematic reversal of the principle according to the invention, it is possible to arrange the rollers, which are positioned relative to the fixed grinding gap, so that they are displaceable relative to the material being fed. In this case, the hopper of the material being fed would be fixed, and both rollers would be displaced in the longitudinal axis direction, so that sections of the grinding gap of different widths would lie below the material being fed.

[0027] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of figures.

[0028] This shows: Fig. 1 a principle side view of the device according to the invention with recognizable rollers of the grinding mechanism and a hopper for the material to be ground that is movable in this respect, and Fig. 2 a top-view schematic representation of the device according to the invention with the outlet contour, i.e. the exit-side, lower end of the funnel-shaped grinding material feed, which is designed to be longitudinally displaceable parallel to the longitudinal axis extension of the rollers.

[0029] The device according to the invention proceeds as described in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown from a grinding mill consisting of two counter-rotating rollers 1; 2 which are rotatably mounted in a housing 3.

[0030] By means of a gear arrangement 4 and a hand crank 5, the rollers 1; 2 can be set in rotary motion, as symbolized by the arrows shown inside the rollers (see Fig. 1).

[0031] Above the grinding mechanism, consisting of the rollers 1; 2, there is a movable, funnel-shaped grinding material feed 6.

[0032] The grinding material feed 6 transitions into a discharge contour 7 on its underside.

[0033] The material to be ground (not shown) is poured into the hopper opening of the material feed and, due to gravity, slides over the discharge contour 7 into the grinding gap 8 (see Fig. 2).

[0034] The rollers 1; 2 shown in the figures are arranged in their position on the installation side in such a way that the grinding or crushing gap 8 has sections of different gap widths over its length L.

[0035] The funnel-shaped grinding material feed 6 together with discharge contour 7 is designed to be displaceable over the length L of the grinding or squeezing gap 8.

[0036] This allows the material to be fed into the grinding mechanism in areas with different gap widths.

[0037] The rollers 1 and 2 can be used as in the Fig. 2 recognizably possess a conical or frustoconical shape, with the longitudinal axes of rollers 1; 2 running parallel to each other.

[0038] In principle, it is also possible to use rollers with a cylindrical shape, in which case the longitudinal axes of the rollers intersect in their imaginary extension, so that a grinding gap of different width is formed between the rollers along its length.

[0039] From the representation according to Fig. 2 it is evident that the exit width A of the grinding material feed 6 or the discharge contour 7 is smaller than the length L of the grinding gap 8.

[0040] The displacement of the grinding material feed 6 together with the discharge contour 7 occurs essentially in the longitudinal axis direction of the rollers 1; 2 as indicated by the double arrow in the Fig. 2 is symbolized.

[0041] The distance of the material feed 6 or the lower end of the discharge contour 7 to the surface of the rollers 1; 2 (see Fig. 1) can be adjusted to vary the amount of material being ground.

[0042] In the presentation according to the Fig. 2. The rollers 1 and 2, and thus the grinding mechanism, are driven manually via a crank 5. Of course, an electric motor drive solution is also conceivable without departing from the basic concept of the invention.

[0043] Although in figurative representation, especially after Fig. 2, assuming that only the grinding feed 6 together with the discharge contour 7 is made displaceable with respect to the longitudinal extent of the grinding gap 8, the effect according to the invention can also be achieved with a fixed grinding feed 6 by displacing the grinding mechanism longitudinally below the discharge contour 7.

Claims

[1] Device for crushing or grinding grains or flakes with at least two counter-rotating, rotatable rollers (1; 2), wherein the rollers (1; 2) are arranged in a housing (3) forming a grinding or crushing gap (8), so that a crushing or grinding mechanism is formed, wherein a funnel-shaped feed hopper (6) is formed above the crushing or grinding mechanism, which transitions into a discharge contour (7) and the rollers (1; 2) are arranged in their position on the installation side in such a way that the grinding or crushing gap (8) has sections of different gap widths over its length (L), characterized by , that the funnel-shaped material feed (6) is movable over the length of the grinding or squeezing gap (8) in order to selectively feed material to areas of different gap widths. [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by, that the rollers (1; 2) have a conical or frustoconical shape, with the longitudinal axes of the rollers running parallel to each other. [3] Device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the rollers have a cylindrical shape, with the longitudinal axes of the rollers intersecting in their imaginary extension. [4] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the exit width (A) of the grinding material feed is smaller than the length (L) of the grinding gap (8). [5] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the displacement of the grinding material feed (6) is carried out essentially in the longitudinal axis direction of the rollers (1; 2). [6] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the distance of the material feed and the outlet (7) for the material to the surface of the rollers (1; 2) is adjustable. [7] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that several fixed points of the rollers are provided on the installation side for a basic setting of the grinding or crushing gap (8). [8] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the rollers (1; 2) are arranged interchangeably in the housing (3). [9] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the drive of the rollers (1; 2) is designed to be manual (5) or electric motor-driven. [10] Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the rollers (1; 2) which are fixed with respect to the grinding gap (8) in the housing (3) are arranged to be displaceable relative to the grinding material feed (6) or to the discharge contour (7).

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