Method for manufacturing a heating device

Abstract

Method for manufacturing a heating device (122) for applying heat to a heat distribution element (106; 116), the method comprising the following: - Providing a molding compound receptacle for receiving a molding compound; - Providing one or more stamp elements (186); - Pouring a molding compound comprising a polymer material into the molding compound receptacle; - Inserting one or more heating elements (142) into the molding compound and pressing one or more punch elements (186) into the molding compound, wherein one of the one or more heating elements (142) is attached to one of the one or more punch elements (186) before the one or more punch elements (186) are pressed into the molding compound; - Hardening of the molding compound.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a heating device.

[0002] CH 483771 A discloses a heated carpet underlay with a carrier made of thermoplastic material in which at least one heating wire is embedded.

[0003] From WO 2004 / 110862 A1, a method for manufacturing a rotor blade root of a wind turbine rotor blade and a wind turbine rotor blade are known, wherein the method comprises the steps of providing a first layer of fiber matting, arranging sleeves on the first layer of fiber matting, applying further layers of fiber matting to the sleeves, and solidifying the fiber matting. It is provided that, in a first step, a holder is provided which has spaced-apart recesses for receiving the sleeves, that the first layer of fiber matting is applied to the holder, and that the sleeves are arranged in the recesses.

[0004] From DE 22 295 46 A a method and a device for installing fastening elements that can be inserted into sandwich panels are known.

[0005] US patent 4,455,134 A discloses a thermal press for installing metal inserts into a component made of a thermoplastic material.

[0006] DE 40 28 801 A1 discloses a manufacturing process for electric direct surface heating elements.

[0007] From DE 19 25 766 A a method for installing metallic threaded inserts in cold workpieces made of thermoplastic material, a threaded insert suitable for such a method and a device for carrying out the method are known.

[0008] A method for fixing a sleeve to a fiber composite part is disclosed, in which a heat distribution element is connected to the sleeve and the sleeve is heated in a defined manner via the heat distribution element.

[0009] This method serves to fix the sleeve to the fiber composite component. The sleeve is heated in a defined manner after and / or during the connection of the heat distribution element to the sleeve.

[0010] A “fiber composite component” within the meaning of the invention is preferably a fully cured component made of a fiber composite material, produced by a vacuum infusion or injection process, or a cured prestructure made of a fiber composite material intended for integration into a component, a so-called “prefab”. The fiber composite component preferably comprises a matrix material, in particular a polymer matrix material, in which fibers are embedded. The fibers are, for example, glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or other fibers suitable as reinforcement material.

[0011] A "fiber composite prestructure" within the meaning of the invention can, for example, consist of a plurality of laminate layers that are inserted individually or as so-called "preforms" into the manufacturing mold. These can be bonded to form the fiber composite component using a vacuum infusion process, wherein the vacuum infusion process comprises infusing one or more laminate layers with a flowable matrix material, for example, polymer resin, and curing the matrix material to form a polymer matrix. Alternatively, it can be provided that laminate layers already impregnated with polymer resin, so-called "prepregs," are used, in which a bond between the individual laminate layers is achieved, in particular by heating. Alternatively, a vacuum injection process can be used.

[0012] With regard to the vacuum injection method, explicit and full reference is hereby made to EP 1 136 238 A2.

[0013] For the purposes of the invention, "connect" preferably means that the heat distribution element is thermally, and in particular thermally and mechanically, connected to the sleeve. For example, the heat distribution element is inserted into the sleeve, mounted, screwed in, slid in, inserted, pressed in, creating a positive connection and / or a frictional connection.

[0014] Preferably, the sleeve is fixed in a cavity formed by the fiber composite component or in a fiber composite prestructure. The cavity can be created during the manufacturing of the fiber composite component by integrating the sleeve into the component. Alternatively, it can be introduced into the fiber composite component after its manufacture, for example, by inserting it into a bore. In particular, after fixing, the sleeve is essentially flush with a surface of the fiber composite component.

[0015] The heat distribution element enables defined, localized direct heating of the sleeve. Preferably, the sleeve and its surrounding area are heated in a defined manner via the heat distribution element. Preferably, the heating of the sleeve by a heat distribution element is used in conjunction with the fabrication of the fiber composite component as a fiber composite prestructure in a heatable mold. This preferably eliminates the need to heat the entire fiber composite prestructure or the entire fiber composite component using an external heat source, such as an oven into which the entire fiber composite component or prestructure is inserted.

[0016] Particularly in the production of large fiber-reinforced composite components, the controlled heating of the sleeve via the heat distribution element leads to time savings in the manufacturing process. Due to shortened heat paths across the interface between the heat distribution element and the sleeve, the sleeve, and preferably its surroundings, are heated more quickly than if heated via an external surface of the fiber-reinforced composite component or prestructure. This enables a more energy-efficient connection between the sleeve and the fiber-reinforced composite component or prestructure.

[0017] Because the heat distribution element ensures a defined heating of the sleeve and, in particular, the area around the sleeve, it is especially ensured that the sleeve is fixed to the fiber composite component at least approximately over an entire outer surface of the sleeve.

[0018] It can be advantageous if the sleeve is fixed in the fiber composite component and / or in the fiber composite prestructure, particularly by means of a material bond, through the formation of an epoxy cross-linking in the surrounding area.

[0019] The fixing of the sleeve to the fiber composite component can thus be carried out in a particularly controlled manner. Due to the defined heating via the heat distribution element, gas bubbles, which can form due to uneven heating and weaken the connection, can be avoided.

[0020] In the context of the invention, defined heating means, in particular, that the sleeve and / or the area surrounding the sleeve is heated substantially uniformly and / or that the sleeve and / or the area surrounding the sleeve is heated and / or heated to approximately 60°C to approximately 100°C, preferably approximately 70°C to approximately 90°C, via the heat distribution element. The area surrounding the sleeve in the fiber composite component is, in particular, heated to a glass transition temperature of a material within the fiber composite component.

[0021] A cross-section of the sleeve taken perpendicular to its main direction of extension is preferably round. However, it is also possible for a cross-section of the sleeve perpendicular to its main direction of extension to be at least approximately polygonal, for example at least approximately hexagonal.

[0022] Furthermore, especially since no large external heating devices are required to heat the entire fiber composite component, a mobile application of the process is also possible, for example in the context of repairs for subsequent bonding when replacing sleeves in finished fiber composite components.

[0023] In this process, existing elements for securing the sleeves, such as bolts for securing the sleeves to a mold flange, can be used for defined heating.

[0024] The method is particularly suitable for use in the field of wind turbines. For example, fiber composite components for wind turbine rotor blades can be produced using the method according to the invention, in particular fiber composite components for the connection area of ​​a rotor blade to a rotor hub.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the heat distribution element can comprise or be formed from a material with metallic thermal conductivity. Preferably, the heat distribution element is formed entirely or partially from a material with metallic thermal conductivity. For example, the heat distribution element is formed from a metallic material. In this way, the defined heating can be achieved with the lowest possible energy input.

[0026] Preferably, the sleeve comprises or is formed from a material with metallic thermal conductivity. Preferably, the sleeve is formed entirely or partially from a material with metallic thermal conductivity. For example, the sleeve is formed from a metallic material. This offers the particular advantage that the thermal energy can be transferred with comparatively low heat losses from the heat distribution element to the sleeve and / or from the sleeve to the surrounding area of ​​the sleeve in the fiber composite prestructure or in the fiber composite component. This enables, in particular, energy-efficient heat transfer compared to heat transfer via areas of the fiber composite prestructure or areas of the fiber composite component that, for example, have a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.5 W / (m·K).

[0027] A material with metallic thermal conductivity, according to the invention, has a thermal conductivity of approximately 30 W / (m·K) or more, in particular a thermal conductivity of approximately 40 W / (m·K) or more, for example a thermal conductivity of approximately 45 W / (m·K) or more.

[0028] Preferably, the heat distribution element is a bolt, particularly preferably a metal bolt, which is adapted to the sleeve. In particular, the shape of the bolt is adapted to the shape of an inner surface of the sleeve. The heat distribution element is preferably fixed to the sleeve by frictional and / or positive locking. For example, the heat distribution element is screwed to the sleeve.

[0029] Preferably, the sleeve is fixed to the fiber composite component by means of a material-bonded, form-fit, and / or force-fit connection. This enables, in particular, a strong bond between the sleeve and the material of the fiber composite component or the fiber composite prestructure.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, an inner surface of the sleeve forms at least a partial first contact surface, and an outer surface of the heat distribution element forms at least a partial second contact surface. After the heat distribution element is connected to the sleeve, the second contact surface of the heat distribution element rests at least partially directly against the first contact surface of the sleeve. In this way, virtually lossless heat transfer from the heat distribution element to the sleeve can be achieved.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the sleeve comprises a thread, in particular an internal thread, into which a complementary thread, in particular an external thread, of the heat distribution element is preferably screwed.

[0032] Because the sleeve has an internal thread, fixing the sleeve to the fiber composite component allows an internal thread to be provided on the fiber composite component.

[0033] It can be advantageous if the sleeve and the heat distribution element are designed as cooperating fastening elements, especially for fixing another component to the fiber composite component.

[0034] The sleeve is, in particular, at least approximately cylindrical. For example, a longitudinal center axis of the cylinder is oriented obliquely or perpendicularly to a surface of the fiber composite component. The sleeve can, for example, have a circular, elliptical, quadrilateral, or polygonal cross-sectional area. Preferably, the sleeve is designed entirely or partially as a hollow cylinder.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the method, the sleeve is connected to the fiber composite prestructure. The fiber composite component is formed, in particular during and / or after the defined heating of the sleeve, by curing a matrix material from the fiber composite prestructure.

[0036] A matrix material is preferably a polymer matrix material, in particular a resin material.

[0037] This can offer the advantage that the sleeve is already integrated during the manufacturing of the fiber composite component and / or absorbed by a material of the fiber composite prestructure or a material of the fiber composite component itself. Due to the defined heating process, a virtually bubble-free bond between the sleeve and the fiber composite prestructure can be achieved before and / or during the formation of the fiber composite component.

[0038] Preferably, the outer surface of the sleeve, particularly before joining it to the fiber composite prestructure, is provided with interlocking areas. Preferably, the outer surface of the sleeve is roughened, particularly by sandblasting. Increasing the roughness of the outer surface of the sleeve provides a larger contact area for fixing the sleeve, particularly by bonding, within the fiber composite prestructure.

[0039] Alternatively, the form-fitting areas of the sleeve can also be designed in the form of grooves, bumps, or similar features.

[0040] According to a further embodiment of the method, the sleeve is fixed and / or secured in a sleeve receptacle within the fiber composite component by means of a bonding layer, in particular an adhesive layer. The sleeve receptacle can be formed as a bore in the cured fiber composite component, into which the sleeve is inserted. The sleeve and its surroundings are then preferably heated in a controlled manner via the heat distribution element, and / or the bonding layer is cured. This can offer the advantage that sleeves can be fixed to finished fiber composite components.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the heat distribution element is heated by means of a heating device. For example, the heat distribution element is heated by means of the heating device to approximately 80°C or more, in particular approximately 100°C or more.

[0042] The heating device preferably comprises at least one heating element. Heat energy is introduced and / or transferred to the heat distribution element via this at least one heating element. The at least one heating element preferably serves to warm and / or heat up the heat distribution element.

[0043] It can be advantageous if the heating device comprises an induction heating element and / or a resistance heating element, and if the at least one heating element comprises, in particular, wire sections, for example, being substantially wire-shaped. Preferably, the at least one heating element is designed as an induction heating element and / or as a resistance heating element.

[0044] Preferably, the at least one heating element is arranged around and / or on a head element of the heat distribution element, wherein the at least one heating element is in particular wound at least approximately helically into a coil or forms a grid structure.

[0045] The heat distribution element may include a rod element which, when connected to the sleeve, is partially or completely enclosed by the sleeve. In particular, the heat distribution element may include a head element which, after connection, is positioned outside the sleeve.

[0046] Alternatively, the heat distribution element can be formed by a rod element which, after fixing, is essentially flush with the surface of the fiber composite component. The part of the rod element facing the surface of the fiber composite component then forms a head element. In this embodiment, the heating element is preferably brought into contact with the end face of the head element facing the surface.

[0047] The design and / or use of at least one heating element as an induction heating element offers the particular advantage that, for example, an essentially helically wound wire, which forms the induction heating element, generates an electromagnetic field.

[0048] In embodiments in which the induction heating element is arranged around a lateral surface of the head element of the heat distribution element, a particularly energy-efficient heating of the heat distribution element can thus be achieved, even if the induction heating element only touches the head element directly at individual points or is non-contacting it.

[0049] For example, the windings of the coil are arranged at least approximately concentrically to a central axis of the head element.

[0050] To achieve the strongest possible electromagnetic field in induction heating elements, it can be advantageous to arrange the coil windings at essentially equal distances from each other. This minimizes the cancellation of electric fields between adjacent windings when current flows through them.

[0051] Induction heating elements preferably comprise ferrites or are formed from them.

[0052] To generate an electromagnetic field, a frequency converter is connected in advance and a frequency of approximately 20 kHz to 150 kHz is applied to the induction heating element.

[0053] In embodiments in which at least one of the at least one heating element is a resistance heating element, the heating of the heating element is preferably carried out by means of ohmic heating, in particular by applying a voltage of 230 V or more.

[0054] A resistance heating element can also be an induction heating element.

[0055] Preferably, the heating device comprises a hood element into which, in particular, the at least one heating element is integrated. The heat distribution element, preferably for the defined heating of the sleeve and, in particular, the area surrounding the sleeve in the fiber composite prestructure or the fiber composite component, is covered and / or concealed by the hood element from a surface of the fiber composite prestructure or the fiber composite component. In this way, the heat distribution element can be heated, in particular, without significant heat loss via the head element of the heat distribution element. The surface of the fiber composite prestructure and / or the fiber composite component is, in particular, an outer surface.

[0056] The at least one heating element is preferably embedded in a material of the hood element and / or completely enclosed by a material of the hood element.

[0057] Preferably, the hood element is at least partially in direct material contact with the head element of the heat distribution element. For example, the hood element is placed over the head element of the heat distribution element. The heating element is preferably positioned on the head element.

[0058] Preferably, the heating element is wound, particularly at least approximately helically, around the outer surface of the head element of the heat distribution element. In particular, there is at least partial direct material contact between the at least one heating element and a outer surface of the head element of the heat distribution element.

[0059] Additionally or alternatively, the heating element is arranged on an end face of the head element of the heat distribution element. For example, at least one heating element forms a grid structure which is at least partially attached to the end face of the head element.

[0060] In particular, this ensures that at least part of the head element is heated across its entire surface.

[0061] According to a preferred embodiment, the hood element comprises a recess in a base body of the heating device, wherein the recess is in particular substantially complementary to a shape of the head element of the heat distribution element.

[0062] Preferably, the hood element is designed as a recess in a base body of the heating device. This can enable the most energy-efficient heating of the head element of the heat distribution element.

[0063] It can be advantageous if the base body of the heating element is flexible, particularly bendable. This preferably facilitates placing the heating element onto the fiber composite prestructure or component, especially if the heating element comprises several heating elements. For example, the base body of the heating element can comprise or consist of a silicone material.

[0064] However, it may also be intended that the basic body of the heating device is inflexible and / or essentially rigid.

[0065] The hood element may include one or more insulation elements, particularly for thermal insulation, which are arranged around the head element of the heat distribution element after the heating device has been positioned.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment, the hood element is formed by one or more insulating elements, in particular for thermal insulation.

[0067] Preferably, the one or more, preferably two, insulating elements extend away from the base body of the heating device and are folded down, in particular, after the heating device has been positioned.

[0068] For example, one or more insulation elements are placed around the head element of the heat distribution element.

[0069] It can be advantageous if magnetic materials are integrated, or especially embedded, in the heating element, particularly in the hood element. This facilitates the attachment of the heating element to the head element of the heat distribution element, which is especially magnetic.

[0070] It can be advantageous if the heating device includes a control and / or regulating device by means of which the temperature of the heating device is controlled and / or regulated. The control and / or regulating device preferably includes at least one temperature sensor element. The at least one temperature sensor element is preferably arranged on or in the cover element and / or embedded in a material of the cover element.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, several adjacent sleeves are fixed to and / or connected to the fiber composite component or the fiber composite prestructure, with each of the several sleeves being connected to a heat distribution element. A heating device preferably comprises several hood elements, each of which incorporates at least one heating element. These heating elements, via a head element of the respective heat distribution element, heat the several sleeves and, in particular, the surrounding areas of the sleeves in a defined manner. This can offer the advantage that a single manufacturing process can achieve the fixing and / or connection of several sleeves to the fiber composite prestructure or the fiber composite component, particularly a material-bonded connection.This variant of the process is particularly suitable for larger fiber composite components, where the connection of several sleeves is regularly required.

[0072] In embodiments in which the heating device comprises one or more insulating elements, in the case of the material-bonded connection of several sleeves, in particular arranged in a series, it can be provided that the heating device comprises a base body in which several heating elements are integrated and / or arranged at a distance from each other which corresponds to a distance between the several sleeves.

[0073] Preferably, two insulating elements extend obliquely, in particular vertically, away from the base body of the heating device at the level of a heating element.

[0074] In embodiments in which several sleeves are connected to a respective environment of the fiber composite prestructure or the fiber composite component by means of a defined heating via a heat distribution element, in particular by material bonding, the heating elements of the heating device are in particular connected in series and / or arranged in a series.

[0075] It can be advantageous if the heating device comprises several hood elements, with each hood element being arranged around and / or on a head element of a heat distribution element and / or heating elements arranged therein being connected in series.

[0076] The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a heating device according to claim 1.

[0077] By embedding one or more heating elements in the molding compound forming the base body of the heating device, the heating device, including the heating elements, can preferably be applied particularly easily to the fiber composite component and / or the heat distribution element in a later use.

[0078] Preferably, one or more heating elements are embedded in the molding compound.

[0079] The molding compound is particularly fluid before hardening, especially in such a way that filling the molding compound receptacle is easy to handle.

[0080] The heating element is preferably formed during the hardening of the molding compound.

[0081] In particular, one or more stamp elements are part of a cover element, with which the molding compound receptacle is covered after the molding compound has been poured in.

[0082] After the molding compound has hardened, the cover element is removed and / or the heating element is detached from the molding compound receptacle. The cover element and the punch elements may be formed as a single piece or as separate components.

[0083] The molding compound holder is preferably at least approximately trough-shaped and / or has a curvature. The molding compound holder is particularly made of a non-reactive material.

[0084] By pressing one or more stamping elements into the molding compound, material of the molding compound is displaced, particularly at the respective location, and / or a shape of one or more stamping elements is imprinted into the molding compound.

[0085] One of the heating elements (or elements) is attached to one of the stamping elements (or elements) before the stamping elements are pressed into the molding compound. This allows for a comparatively precise positioning of the heating element(s) within the molding compound.

[0086] It can be advantageous if one or more of the stamping elements are essentially cylindrical and / or if one or more of the heating elements are essentially wire-shaped. The wire-shaped heating elements can then each be wound around a lateral surface of one or more of the stamping elements, in particular at least approximately helically.

[0087] The one or more heating elements are preferably resistance heating elements and / or induction heating elements.

[0088] The one or more heating elements are made of a metallic material and / or are electrically conductive.

[0089] Preferably, one or more punch elements are essentially cylindrical and a heating element of one or more heating elements is fixed to an end face of one or more punch elements.

[0090] For example, in a later use of the heating device, a heat distribution element can be supplied with heat from one end face of the head element.

[0091] Preferably, the polymer material comprises or is formed from a silicone material. Silicone materials have proven to be particularly easy to handle in connection with casting processes.

[0092] In particular, the molding compound comprises magnetic materials and / or magnetic materials are integrated and / or incorporated into the molding compound, wherein the magnetic materials are arranged around recesses in the heating device created by one or more stamping elements, especially after curing. However, it is also possible for the magnetic materials to be homogeneously distributed in the heating device.

[0093] The integration and / or incorporation of magnetic materials can ensure the position of the heating device on magnetic heat distribution elements and / or facilitate the mounting of the heating device on head elements of heat distribution elements.

[0094] The features and / or advantages described in connection with the method for fixing a sleeve to a fiber composite component apply equally to the method for manufacturing a heating device.

[0095] The heating device is particularly suitable for use as a sealing device, especially as a sealing mat, in a vacuum infusion or vacuum injection process. The heating device preferably covers a surface of the fiber composite prestructure or the fiber composite component and / or the head elements of the heat distribution elements. The heating device thus provides protection for a vacuum film in a subsequent infusion or vacuum injection process, in which, for example, a polymer resin is kept flowable under negative pressure and is infused or infiltrated into the fiber composite prestructure.

[0096] Furthermore, an arrangement is disclosed comprising a first component, a sleeve, a heat distribution element and a heating device, wherein the sleeve is fixed to the first component or is provided for fixing to the first component, wherein the heat distribution element is provided for positioning on the sleeve, and wherein the heating device can be coupled to the heat distribution element or is coupled to it in a way that effectively transfers heat.

[0097] Preferably, the arrangement comprises a second component. The first component is fixed to the second component, in particular via the heat distribution element and the sleeve.

[0098] Preferably, the first component comprises a fiber composite prestructure or a fiber composite component. In particular, the first component is a fiber composite prestructure or a fiber composite component, for example, part of a blade root of a rotor blade for wind turbines.

[0099] The second component can be another fiber composite component or a metallic component. For example, the second component includes or is formed from a mold or mold flange for manufacturing a fiber composite component.

[0100] Alternatively, the second component is preferably a rotor, in particular a hub, of a wind turbine.

[0101] The features and / or advantages described in connection with the method for fixing a sleeve to a fiber composite component apply equally to the arrangement.

[0102] Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the graphic representation of exemplary embodiments.

[0103] The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a fiber composite component in the form of a quarter shell of a flange in which several bolts are received in sleeves, wherein the sleeves are bonded to the fiber composite component; Fig. 2 a perspective section of a fiber composite component, in which a heating device is indicated which is attached to head elements of the bolts; Fig. 3 a schematic enlarged representation of two bolts and a respective environment in a fiber composite prestructure, wherein the bolts are heated by means of the heating device from the outer surfaces of the respective head elements of the bolts; Fig. 4 a perspective enlarged view of a heating element of the heating device, which is wound around the head element of a bolt; Fig. 5 a perspective sectional view through a head element of a bolt equipped with the heating device; Fig. 6 a schematic enlarged representation of two bolts which are heated by a heating device, wherein heating elements of the heating device are arranged on an end face of the respective head elements of the bolts; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a heat distribution element in the form of a bolt; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a sleeve; Fig. 9 a perspective view of a heating device which includes five recesses for receiving head elements of heat distribution elements; Fig. 10 A schematic representation of the heat distribution element, the sleeve and the heating device from the Fig. 7 to 9 in an assembled state; Fig. 11 a perspective view of a cover element comprising several stamp elements for creating recesses in a molding compound; Fig. 12 a schematic top view of a heating device in the form of a heating conductor comprising several insulation elements, wherein the heating device is mounted on head elements of adjacent heat distribution elements for heating heat distribution elements; Fig. 13 a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for fixing a sleeve to a fiber composite component; Fig. 14 a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a heating device; Fig. 15 a schematic perspective representation of a rotor blade for use in a wind turbine; Fig. 16 a section of a schematic top view of a rotor blade root of the rotor blade from Fig. 15; and Fig. 17 a schematic perspective representation of a wind energy system in which a method for fixing a sleeve to a fiber composite component can be used.

[0104] Identical or similarly effective elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0105] Fig. Figure 1 shows a fiber composite component designated as a whole with reference numeral 100, which is connected to a flange 104 of a manufacturing mold. In this case, the fiber composite component is a quarter shell 102, which forms a segment of a flange 105 of a rotor blade root 302. Several quarter shells 102 together form, in particular, a flange 105 of a rotor blade root 302 of a rotor blade 304, which has a circular cross-section perpendicular to a central axis 112, for use in a wind turbine 300 (see Figure 1). Fig. 15 to 17). The fiber composite component 100 is preferably fixed to the flange 104 of the manufacturing mold by means of bolts 106.

[0106] A flange 105 of a rotor blade root 302 has, in particular, a diameter of approximately 2 m to approximately 4.5 m. The length of the flange 105 is, for example, approximately 1.5 m to approximately 3 m. In particular, the length of the flange 105 is approximately 3 m or more.

[0107] Bolts 106 will be discussed in detail later.

[0108] The quarter shell 102 of the flange 105 is preferably designed at least approximately in the shape of a cylindrical segment, for example at least approximately in the shape of a hollow cylindrical segment.

[0109] As already mentioned, several quarter shells 102 preferably form a flange 105 of a rotor blade root 302 of a rotor blade 304.

[0110] Such a rotor blade 304 is preferably used in a wind turbine 300. Such a wind turbine 300 is in Fig. 17 shown.

[0111] The wind turbine 300 comprises a tower 306, which is anchored in a ground surface via a foundation 308. The ground surface can be, for example, soil or a building roof.

[0112] At one end of the tower 306, which is connected to the foundation 308, a gondola 312 is arranged.

[0113] The wind turbine 300 preferably comprises a rotor 314, which is rotatably connected about an axis of rotation to a drive train (not shown) arranged in the nacelle 312. The axis of rotation is preferably oriented substantially horizontally.

[0114] The rotor 314 comprises three rotor blades 304, which are arranged symmetrically on a hub 316.

[0115] When wind strikes the rotor blades 304, an interaction preferably occurs, resulting in a rotation of the rotor 314 around its axis of rotation. The kinetic energy of the rotor 314 is preferably converted into electrical energy by means of a generator.

[0116] As especially in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 15, the rotor blades 304 preferably have an aerodynamic shape.

[0117] The in Fig. The rotor blade 304 shown in Figure 15 has a blade connection area in the area of ​​the rotor blade root 302, with which the rotor blade 304 is connected to the hub 316.

[0118] Fig. Figure 16 shows the flange 105 of the blade connection area at the rotor blade root 302 of the rotor blade 304. Fig. 15 in a top view. The flange 105 consists of several parts, detailed in Fig. 1 quarter-shells shown 104.

[0119] Returning to the point in Fig. The quarter-bowl 102 shown in the diagram are also in Fig. The bolt 106 shown in Figure 1 is inserted into the fiber composite component 100 from an end face 108 of the fiber composite component 100 which is at least approximately shaped like a hollow cylinder segment.

[0120] The bolts 106 are preferably arranged in a row on the end face 108 of the fiber composite component 100 in an arrangement that is at least approximately circular segment-shaped.

[0121] Preferably the bolts 106 are arranged in a row towards an inner edge 110 of the end face 108 and / or a row formed by the bolts 106 is arranged at least approximately concentrically with a central axis 112 of the flange 105.

[0122] As especially in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the bolts 106 are received by sleeves 114, with each bolt 106 being inserted and / or screwed into a sleeve 114. The bolts 106 are preferably connected to the sleeves 114 by frictional and / or positive locking. In this case, the bolts 106 are fixed to the sleeves 114 by positive locking and / or frictional locking.

[0123] The bolts 106 form heat distribution elements 116 and are made of a metallic material. The sleeves 114 are heated in a defined manner via the heat distribution elements 116 in the form of bolts 106. This creates a material-bonded connection with a respective environment 118 of the sleeves 114 in the fiber composite component 100 or with an environment 118 of the sleeves 114 in a fiber composite prestructure 101. The bolts 106 are fixed in the sleeves 114.

[0124] The fiber composite component 100 is preferably made of a fiber composite material, wherein glass fibers and / or carbon fibers are incorporated into a polymer matrix material and homogeneously distributed therein.

[0125] In the present embodiment, the sleeves 114 are already introduced into the fiber composite prestructure 101 during the manufacturing process of the fiber composite component 100 and / or fixed by forming a material-bonded connection with the environment 118 of the sleeve 114.

[0126] The fixation of the sleeves 114 during the manufacture of the fiber composite component 100 is carried out in particular during an infusion process, for example a vacuum infusion process, in which fibers of the fiber composite prestructure 101 are impregnated in a liquid polymer resin, which is then cured to form a polymer matrix material. Alternatively, the fiber composite component can also be manufactured in a vacuum injection process, as described in EP 1 136 238 A2, to which explicit and full reference is made here.

[0127] The sleeves 114 are each received by a sleeve receptacle 120 of the fiber composite component 100 in the finished state of the fiber composite component 100.

[0128] The sleeves 114 are made of a metallic material. The metallic material of the sleeves 114 can be identical to the metallic material of the bolts 106. However, the sleeves 114 and the bolts 106 can also be made of different metallic materials.

[0129] As in Fig. 2, which is represented by a perforated line, the bolts 106 are preferably heated and / or warmed by means of a heating device 122, wherein the heating device 122 is approximately cuboid in shape and head elements 124 of the bolts 106 are received in recesses 126 of the heating device 122 which are provided for this purpose and in particular are complementary to them.

[0130] The recesses 126 in the heating device 122 preferably form hood elements 125, which are placed over and / or onto the head elements 124 of the bolts 106.

[0131] As especially in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the bolts 106 each comprise a rod element 128, which is at least approximately completely recessed in and / or received by a cavity 129. The cavity 129 is formed in particular by the sleeve 114 and an adjacent through-opening 130 of the flange 104 of the manufacturing form (not shown).

[0132] The bolts 106 each comprise a head element 124, which each protrudes beyond an outer surface 132 of the flange 104.

[0133] At an end of the bolt 106 or rod element 128 facing away from the head element 124, a thread 133 is arranged, in this case an external thread 134, which is screwed into a complementary thread 135, in this case an internal thread 138, of the sleeve 114.

[0134] The head elements 124 of the bolts 106 are preferably each at least approximately cylindrical and / or have at least an approximately hexagonal cross-section. The cross-section is in particular perpendicular to a principal extension direction 140 of the bolts 106.

[0135] In embodiments in which the fixing of the sleeves 114 – as mentioned above – already begins during the production of the fiber composite component 100 from the fiber composite prestructure 101, the fixing is preferably carried out during a vacuum infusion process or a vacuum injection process for producing the fiber composite component 100. The heating device 122 is preferably arranged between a vacuum film 141 and a surface 132 of the fiber composite prestructure 101 (in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 (schematically indicated).

[0136] By applying a vacuum, generating a vacuum zone 143 which is bounded by the vacuum film 141 and faces the fiber composite prestructure 101, the liquid polymer resin is infused into the fiber composite prestructure 101. The fiber composite prestructure 101 preferably comprises laminate layers.

[0137] The sleeves 114 are preferably heated in a defined manner before and / or during the curing of the polymer resin via the bolts 106, in particular such that a materially bonded connection of the sleeves 114 to the environment 118 in the fiber composite prestructure 101 is formed during an epoxy crosslinking of the polymer resin.

[0138] In the present embodiment, the heating device 122 completely encloses one upper surface of the head elements 124. Around the recesses 126 of the heating device 122, at least one heating element 142 is embedded in the material of the heating device 122. The heating elements 142 consist of a wire-like material and are wound into coils 144, as is particularly evident in the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is shown.

[0139] In Fig. In figure 4, the hood element 125 is not shown. Fig. Figure 5 shows the hood element 125 only partially.

[0140] It can be advantageous if at least one heating element 142 is wound up to form a coil 144 which has a longitudinal central axis 146 that runs at least approximately parallel to the main extension direction 140 of the bolts 106.

[0141] The heating elements 142 are in particular induction heating elements 145, in which, by applying a high-frequency alternating current, an at least approximately ring-shaped electromagnetic field is formed around windings of the coils 144 of the heating elements 142. Thus, the bolts 106 are heated in this case via their outer surface 148 (cf. Fig. 3 to 5). Direct contact between the heating elements 142 and the outer surface 148 is unnecessary in this case.

[0142] To apply a high-frequency alternating current, in particular the free ends of the heating elements 142 are connected to a (not shown) power supply unit and a frequency converter is connected in advance, via which a high frequency of approximately 20 kHz to approximately 150 kHz is generated, which is applied between the free ends of the heating elements 142.

[0143] Additionally or alternatively, the heating elements 142 can be resistance heating elements 147, which are heated when a voltage, for example approximately 230 V, is applied and transfer heat energy to the head elements 124 of the bolts 106. If the heating elements 142 are designed as resistance heating elements 147, free ends are connected, in particular, to a power supply, and the resistance heating elements 147 are heated by applying a voltage via their electrical (ohmic) resistance.

[0144] Fig. Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment. In addition to or as an alternative to heating the head elements 124 at their outer surfaces 148, it can be provided that one or more head elements 124 are heated via the end faces 150 of the head elements 124 facing away from the fiber composite prestructure 101. According to this embodiment as well, the heating elements 142 are essentially wire-shaped. The heating elements 142 form a grid structure, in particular with wire segments arranged at least approximately parallel to one another. Heating elements 142 arranged at an end face 150 are preferably induction heating elements 145 and / or resistance heating elements 147.

[0145] Preferably, all bolts 106 are heated via their outer surfaces 148. However, it can also be provided that one, several or all bolts 106 are additionally heated via their end faces 150.

[0146] Alternatively, all bolts 106 can be heated exclusively via their end faces 150. One or more of the bolts 106 are additionally heated via their outer surfaces 148.

[0147] By means of the thermal energy transferred from the heating elements 142 of the heating device 122 to the head elements 142 of the bolts 106, the entire bolt 106 is heated and / or warmed due to the increased thermal conductivity of the bolts 106. The bolts 106 then preferably have a temperature in the range of approximately 70°C to approximately 90°C.

[0148] The transfer of heat energy is explained below using a bolt 106 and a sleeve 114, which has been inserted into a fiber composite prestructure 101. This explanation applies equally to the other bolts 106. The following statements also apply to bolts 106 and sleeves 114, which are connected to a sleeve receptacle 120 of an already cured fiber composite component 100 by means of an adhesive layer 162.

[0149] The heat energy is transferred from the bolt 106 to the sleeve 114 via a contact surface 152 of the bolt 106 and a contact surface 154 of the sleeve 114, the transfer occurring essentially over the entire contact surface 154 of the sleeve, which corresponds to an inner surface 155 of the sleeve. The contact surface 152 of the bolt 106 preferably corresponds to an outer surface 157 of the bolt 106. The transfer can also occur via a gap 159 between the bolt 106 and the sleeve 114.

[0150] The heat energy transferred from the bolt 106 to the sleeve 114 is conducted in particular through the metallic material of the sleeve 114, and is transferred to the environment 118 in the fiber composite component 100 or in the fiber composite prestructure 101, thereby heating the environment 118 in the fiber composite component 100 or in the fiber composite prestructure 101.

[0151] In particular, the thermal energy is defined as being transferred from a contact surface 158 of the sleeve 114, which in particular forms an outer surface 156 of the sleeve, to a contact surface 160 of the fiber composite component 100 or in the fiber composite prestructure 101. The contact surface 160 of the fiber composite component 100 or the fiber composite prestructure 101 is in particular formed at least partially by the sleeve receptacle 120.

[0152] By heating the sleeve 114 and the surroundings 118 in the fiber composite component 100 or in the fiber composite prestructure 101, the fiber composite material of the fiber composite component 100 and / or the fiber composite prestructure 101 reaches a glass transition temperature. The matrix material, which is liquid during infusion or injection, hardens, and a fiber composite component 100 is formed in which there is a material bond between the sleeve 114 and the surroundings 118 of the sleeve 114 in the fiber composite component 100.

[0153] It may be provided that the outer surface 156 of the sleeve 114 is roughened by means of sandblasting before the sleeve 114 is inserted into the sleeve receptacle 120 and a material bond with the environment 118 of the sleeve 114 is brought about by means of defined heating via the bolts 106.

[0154] As particularly in Fig. As shown in Figure 7, the bolt 106 has a thread 133, in this case an external thread 134, at an end facing away from the head element 124, which extends over approximately 1 / 11 to approximately 1 / 9 of a length 170 of the rod element 128.

[0155] Alternatively, the thread 133 can extend over essentially the entire length 170 of the rod element 128 (not shown).

[0156] Between the head element 124 and the thread 133, a longitudinal section 172 extends along the main extension direction 140 of the bolt 106 between the thread 133 and the head element 124, which is directly adjacent to the head element 124 and the thread 133.

[0157] The longitudinal section 172 is at least approximately cylindrical and preferably has an at least approximately constant diameter along the longitudinal direction 140.

[0158] As particularly in Fig. As shown in Figure 8, the sleeve 114 preferably has an at least approximately rectangular cross-section. The cross-section is particularly taken along a plane that runs through the principal extension direction 140 of the bolt 106 in the state connected to the sleeve 114. The sleeve 114 is particularly at least approximately hollow cylindrical in shape.

[0159] As particularly in Fig. As shown in Figure 9, the heating device 122, according to a first embodiment, has regularly spaced, at least approximately cylindrical recesses 126, which form a cavity 182 for receiving a head element 124 of the bolts 106. The first embodiment of a heating device 122 according to the invention is particularly evident in the Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 shown. The heating elements 142 are in Fig. 9 not shown. They are preferably as in one of the Fig. 2 to 6 are shown.

[0160] To manufacture the heating device 122, a molding compound, for example a silicone compound, is preferably filled into a (not shown) at least approximately trough-shaped molding compound receptacle, and this at least approximately trough-shaped molding compound receptacle is covered with a cover element 184. The cover element 184 is in Fig. 11 shown.

[0161] The cover element 184 preferably comprises several punch elements 186, which, according to the invention, are pressed into the still viscous and / or flowable molding compound. As the molding compound hardens, the recesses 126 are formed by the punch elements 186 pressed into the molding compound. The heating device 122 is formed as the molding compound hardens.

[0162] Preferably, the molding compound receptacle, which is at least approximately trough-shaped, is first filled to about 2 / 3 of its maximum filling volume and then covered with the cover element 184, which is fixed to the molding compound receptacle, in particular with screws.

[0163] Subsequently, the molding compound receptacle covered by the cover element 184 is filled to the maximum filling volume – for example by means of a funnel element – ​​before a curing process is started.

[0164] In the manufacture of a heating device 122, the filling of the at least approximately trough-shaped molding compound receptacle is carried out particularly under constant temperature conditions and / or a relative humidity of approximately 40% to approximately 60%, for example approximately 50%.

[0165] It can be advantageous if, when removing the cover element 184, a plate 188 of the cover element 184 is removed first, and only then are the stamping elements 186 removed from the hardened molding compound. The plate 188 and the stamping elements 186 are, in particular, separate components.

[0166] The molding compound is preferably a silicone compound and / or comprises a silicone material.

[0167] To introduce heating elements 142 into the material of the heating device 122, the heating elements 142 are fixed to the punch elements 186 according to the invention, in particular by being wound around the punch elements 186. In particular, a heating element 142 is fixed to a punch element 186 and / or wound around a lateral surface 185 of a punch element 186 (not shown).

[0168] Alternatively, the heating elements 142 are preferably pressed into the viscous molding compound at the position of the stamping elements 186 before the molding compound is covered with the covering element 184.

[0169] The heating elements 142 remain in the hardened molding compound and / or are embedded in the silicone material even after the stamping elements 186 have been pressed in.

[0170] In Fig. In 10, a sleeve 114 and a bolt 106 are screwed together and the heating device 122 is mounted. Fig. Figure 10 shows in particular that the longitudinal section 172 of the bolt 106 is almost completely enclosed in a cavity formed by the sleeve 114. The remaining part of the rod element 128 is, in the assembled state, enclosed in the through-opening 130 of the flange 104 of the manufacturing mold (not shown) (cf. Fig. 3 and Fig. 6).

[0171] One in Fig. The second embodiment of a heating device 122 shown in 12 differs essentially from the one shown in the Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 shown first embodiment of a heating device 122, that the heating device 122 does not accommodate head elements 124 of the bolts 106 in recesses 126 (not shown), but rather insulating elements 190 of the heating device are placed around the head elements 124 of the bolts 106 and / or folded.

[0172] The hood element 125 is preferably created only after the insulation elements 190 have been folded around and / or down around the head elements 124 (not shown).

[0173] The heating device 122 preferably comprises a base body 192 that is at least approximately cylindrical, on and / or in which several, in this case five, heating elements 142 are arranged, which are shown schematically.

[0174] At the level of each heating element 142, two insulation elements 190 extend away from the base body 192, in particular transversely.

[0175] The heating elements 142 are positioned on and / or above the bolts 106 (not shown) for mounting the heating device 122, and the insulating elements 190 are folded down, in particular such that they form thermal insulation for the heating elements 142 and / or the head elements 124 of the bolts 106. The insulating elements 190, which are at least approximately strip-shaped, cover the head elements 124 of the bolts 106.

[0176] The heating device 122 according to the Fig. 12 is preferably made of or comprises a silicone material.

[0177] In all embodiments of the heating device 122, magnetic materials (not shown), for example ferrites, can be embedded in a material of the heating device 122, which in particular facilitate and / or secure the positioning of the heating device 122 on the head elements 124 of the bolts 106 which consist of a magnetic material.

[0178] It may be provided that the heating device 122 (according to all embodiments) includes temperature sensors and / or integrates temperature sensors which are part of a control and / or regulation device for controlling and / or regulating the heating and / or warming of the bolts 106.

[0179] The heating device 122 forms a sealing device against resin ingress in the area of ​​the head elements 124 of the bolts 106 for sealing against the flange 104 of the manufacturing mold. Additionally, the heating device 122 serves as mechanical protection for a vacuum film 141, which is spread particularly over the heating device 122 and over the quarter shell 102 of the fiber composite prestructure 101 and is drawn against the head elements 124 of the bolts 106 when a vacuum is applied. The covering with a vacuum film 141 is shown schematically in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 is indicated by a wavy / jagged line. Following the covering with the vacuum film 141, a vacuum infusion procedure or a vacuum injection procedure – as previously described – is carried out.

[0180] By means of the inventive method and the inventive heating device 122, the bolts 106 are preferably heated and / or warmed, via which the thermal energy is transferred in a defined manner, in particular directly, to the sleeves 114 and the surroundings 118 in the fiber composite prestructure 101 or in the fiber composite component 100. Through the heat transfer from the bolts 106 to the sleeves 114 and the surroundings 118 in the fiber composite prestructure 101 or in the fiber composite component 100, the sleeves 114 and the surroundings 118 of the sleeves 114 in the fiber composite component 100 are heated in a defined manner while being fixed to the finished fiber composite component 101.

[0181] In Fig. Figure 13 shows a preferred embodiment of a method for fixing a sleeve 114 to a fiber composite component 100 in a flowchart.

[0182] In a first process step 200, preferably a fiber composite component 100 or a fiber composite prestructure 101 with a sleeve 114 embedded therein is provided.

[0183] In the case of the provision of a fiber composite component 100, this preferably comprises a cured matrix material, in particular a polymer matrix material in the form of a resin, and reinforcing fibers embedded therein.

[0184] In the case of providing a fiber composite prestructure 101, this preferably comprises fibers and a curable matrix material, in particular a polymer matrix material in the form of a resin. The curable matrix material can comprise several materials.

[0185] The provision in the first process step 200 is preferably followed by the arrangement and / or positioning of a heat distribution element 116, in particular in the form of a bolt 106, on and / or in the sleeve 114 (second process step 202).

[0186] It may be provided that the sleeve 114 is roughened before the heat distribution element 116 is arranged and / or positioned, for example by sandblasting, in order to provide an enlarged surface area.

[0187] Additionally or alternatively, positive locking areas, for example in the form of knobs or grooves, can be formed between the sleeve 114 and the heat distribution element 116.

[0188] The bolt 106 is arranged in such a way that contact surfaces 152, 154 are formed between the heat distribution element 116 and an inner surface 155 of the sleeve 114.

[0189] In a subsequent third process step 204, the heat distribution element 116 is preferably subjected to heat, in particular by means of a heating device 122, which comprises one or more heating elements 142. The one or more heating elements 142 are preferably induction heating elements 145 or resistance heating elements 147 and are arranged within a hood of one or more hood elements 125.

[0190] Following the application of heat, the heat is preferably distributed uniformly over an environment 118 of the sleeve 114 (fourth process step 206). This occurs in particular due to the design and / or arrangement of the heat distribution element 116 and the sleeve 115 relative to the fiber composite component 100 or the fiber composite prestructure 101. The fourth process step 206 therefore preferably takes place automatically after the start of the application of heat (third process step 204).

[0191] Due to the distribution of heat by means of the heat distribution element 116 and the transfer to the environment 118 in the fiber composite component 100 or the fiber composite prestructure 101, the sleeve 114 is preferably fixed to and / or in the fiber composite component 100 or the fiber composite prestructure 101 by means of a force-fit and / or form-fit and / or material-fit connection and / or is connected to it (fifth process step 208). The fifth process step 208 is also preferably a direct consequence of the heat application (third process step 204).

[0192] The third process step 204, the fourth process step 206 and the fifth process step 208 preferably proceed partially or completely in parallel after the heat application by means of the heating device 122 (third process step 204) has been started.

[0193] After completion of the process, a sleeve 114 is preferably connected to the fiber composite component 100 or to the fiber composite component 100 resulting from the fiber composite prestructure 101 (210).

[0194] From the in Fig. The flowchart shown in Figure 14 illustrates the sequence of a preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a heating device 122.

[0195] The heating device 122 is particularly suitable for applying heat to a heat distribution element 116 in a method for fixing a sleeve 114 to a fiber composite component 100 (see, for example, Fig. 13).

[0196] In a first process step 220, a molding compound holder is preferably provided for receiving a molding compound. Silicone material or an alternative polymer material is particularly suitable as the molding compound.

[0197] In a second process step 222, one or more punch elements 186 are provided, which in particular have a substantially cylindrical or cuboid shape. The second process step 222 can be carried out before, simultaneously with, or after the first process step 220.

[0198] Following the provision of the molding compound holder and one or more stamping elements 186, the molding compound is filled into the molding compound holder in a third process step 224.

[0199] Following this, or in parallel, in a fourth process step 226, one or more heating elements 142 are introduced into and / or embedded in the still viscous molding compound, before in a fifth process step 228 one or more punch elements 186 are pressed into the viscous molding compound. According to the invention, it can also be provided that a heating element 142 is fixed to a punch element 186 before the respective punch element 186 is pressed into the molding compound, so that material of the molding compound is displaced by the respective punch element 186 in this area.

[0200] In a sixth process step 230, according to the invention, the molding compound is allowed to harden with the pressed-in stamp element(s) 186 and the heating element(s) 142. This creates the heating device 122, which is preferably demolded after the molding compound has hardened.

[0201] For further details of the method for manufacturing a heating device 122, reference is made to the explanations in connection with Fig. 11. Referenced. Reference symbol list 100 fiber composite components 101 Fiber composite prestructure 102 quarter bowls 104 Flange (of the manufacturing form) 105 Flange (of the rotor blade root) 106 bolts 108 Front 110 inner margin 112 Central axis 114 Sleeve 116 Heat distribution element 118 surroundings 120 shell holder 122 Heating system 124 Head element 125 Hood element 126 Exclusion 128 bar element 129 Cavity 130 passageways 132 surface 133 threads 134 external threads 135 thread 136 internal threads 140 Main direction of extension 141 Vacuum film 142 Heating element 143 Vacuum area 144 coil 145 Induction heating element 146 Longitudinal center axis 147 Resistance heating element 150 frontal area 152 Contact area 154 Contact area 155 internal surface 156 outer surface 157 outer surface 158 contact area 159 space 160 contact area 162 adhesive layer 170 length 172 Longitudinal section 182 Cavity 184 Cover element 185 mm surface area 186 stamp element 188 plate 190 Insulation element 192 basic bodies 200 first procedural step 202 second procedural step 204 third procedural step 206 fourth procedural step 208 fifth procedural step 210 sleeve connected to the fiber composite component 220 first procedural step 222 second procedural step 224 third procedural step 226 fourth procedural step 228 fifth procedural step 230 sixth procedural step 300 wind turbines 302 Rotor blade root 304 Rotor blade 306 Tower 308 Foundation 312 Gondola 314 Rotor 316 hub

Claims

[1] A method for producing a heating device (122) for applying heat to a heat distribution element (106; 116), the method comprising: - Providing a molding compound holder for holding a molding compound; - providing one or more stamp elements (186); - filling a molding compound comprising a polymer material into the molding compound receptacle; - introducing one or more heating elements (142) into the molding compound and pressing the one or more stamping elements (186) into the molding compound, wherein one of the one or more heating elements (142) is attached to one of the one or more stamping elements (186) before the one or more stamping elements (186) are pressed into the molding compound; - Curing of the molding compound. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized bythat the one or more stamp elements (186) are at least approximately cylindrical, that the one or more heating elements (142) are substantially wire-shaped, and that one of the one or more heating elements (142) is wound around a lateral surface of the one or more stamp elements (186), in particular at least approximately helically. [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the polymer material comprises or is formed from a silicone material. [4] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the molding compound is flowable before curing. [5] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the one or more heating elements (142) are resistance heating elements and / or induction heating elements. [6] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the molding compound comprises magnetic materials and / or that magnetic materials are integrated into the molding compound.

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