Vacuum switching unit and vacuum switch

Abstract

vacuum switching unit (1) of a vacuum switch (50), comprising the vacuum switching unit (1) - a vacuum switching tube (3), - an insulating sleeve (5) surrounding the vacuum switching tube (3), which extends in a tube-like manner around a longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum switching tube (3) and is made of an insulating material, and - several capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5), characterized in that at least one area of ​​a surface of the vacuum switching tube (3) facing the insulating sleeve (5) and / or at least one area of ​​a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing the vacuum switching tube (3) has a coating (48) which homogenizes an electric field between the insulating sleeve (5) and the vacuum switching tube (3).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a vacuum switching unit of a vacuum switch and a vacuum switch.

[0002] Vacuum interrupters, such as those known from US 2020 / 0 161 065 A1 and US 3 147 356 A, are circuit breakers in which switching contact elements that can move relative to one another are arranged in a vacuum interrupter (vacuum interrupter chamber). Vacuum interrupters are particularly low-maintenance, durable, and easy to drive. To meet voltage requirements, a vacuum interrupter can have multiple vacuum interrupters whose switching paths are electrically connected in series. In this case (with the switching paths of the vacuum interrupters open), the aim is to achieve a voltage distribution among the vacuum interrupters that is adapted to the vacuum interrupters in order to avoid overloading individual vacuum interrupters. For example, with several vacuum interrupters of the same design connected in series, the aim is to achieve the most even voltage distribution possible among the vacuum interrupters.

[0003] To achieve the desired voltage distribution among the vacuum interrupters, passive electrical components such as control capacitors and / or control resistors are connected in parallel with the vacuum interrupters. However, these components increase the installation space required for a vacuum interrupter. Particularly in a vacuum interrupter with purified and dehumidified compressed air as the insulating medium surrounding the vacuum interrupters and conventional control capacitors, relatively large insulation distances are necessary between a vacuum interrupter and a control capacitor, as well as between a control capacitor and a metallic switch housing of the vacuum interrupter, because compressed air has a relatively low dielectric strength (compared to other insulating gases such as sulfur hexafluoride).

[0004] The invention is based on the object of enabling voltage control in a vacuum switch by means of control capacitors with a small space requirement.

[0005] The object is achieved according to the invention by a vacuum switching unit having the features of claim 1 and a vacuum switch having the features of claim 13.

[0006] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

[0007] A vacuum switching unit of a vacuum switch according to the invention comprises a vacuum interrupter, an insulating sleeve surrounding the vacuum interrupter, which extends tubularly around a longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter and is made of an insulating material, and a plurality of capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve.

[0008] A vacuum switching unit according to the invention thus has, instead of a conventional control capacitor or several such control capacitors, a plurality of capacitor electrodes integrated into an insulating sleeve surrounding the vacuum interrupter. In other words, according to the invention, the capacitance of conventional control capacitors is distributed among capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve. As a result, the insulation distances of the capacitor electrodes from the vacuum interrupter and a metallic switch housing of the vacuum switch can be reduced compared to conventional control capacitors, which saves space, particularly when the switch housing is filled with purified and dehumidified compressed air as the insulating gas. The insulating sleeve also advantageously acts as a solid insulator, supporting the effect of the insulating gas.

[0009] In one embodiment of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, the capacitor electrodes each extend in a ring-shaped or partially ring-shaped manner around the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter. This advantageously achieves a uniform distribution of the capacitances of the capacitor electrodes around the vacuum interrupter.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, capacitor electrodes form pairs of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes with mutually facing electrode surfaces, and the pairs of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes are axially spaced from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter. For example, each pair of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes is formed by a capacitor electrode that runs along a surface of the insulating sleeve facing the vacuum interrupter and a capacitor electrode that runs along a surface of the insulating sleeve facing away from the vacuum interrupter. The concentrically extending capacitor electrodes are formed, for example, by electrically conductive lacquer layers applied to the insulating sleeve.

[0011] In the aforementioned embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least some of the capacitor electrodes form annular or partially annular capacitors with concentric electrode surfaces that are axially spaced apart. Arranging the capacitor electrodes on opposing surfaces of the insulating sleeve advantageously simplifies the integration of the capacitor electrodes into the insulating sleeve, particularly when the capacitor electrodes are formed by electrically conductive lacquer layers.

[0012] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, capacitor electrodes extend axially spaced from one another within the insulating sleeve relative to the longitudinal axis of the insulating sleeve and have mutually facing electrode surfaces. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least some of the capacitor electrodes form capacitors with axially spaced electrode surfaces.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, pairs of capacitor electrodes with mutually facing electrode surfaces form capacitors that are connected in series by electrical lines integrated into the insulating sleeve. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, in addition to the capacitor electrodes, electrical lines are integrated into the insulating sleeve, which electrically connect the capacitors formed by the capacitor electrodes in series. Similarly, capacitors formed by capacitor electrodes can be connected in parallel to one another by electrical lines integrated into the insulating sleeve, particularly if the capacitor electrodes of these capacitors are partially annular.

[0014] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least one electrical resistor is integrated into the insulating sleeve, which is connected in series or parallel to at least one capacitor formed by two capacitor electrodes via electrical lines integrated into the insulating sleeve. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, in addition to the capacitor electrodes, at least one electrical resistor is integrated into the insulating sleeve, which is connected in series or parallel to at least one of these capacitors.

[0015] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the vacuum interrupter has at least one shielding electrode that is electrically connected and / or capacitively coupled to a capacitor electrode. This embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention thus provides for a direct and / or capacitive coupling of capacitor electrodes integrated into the insulating sleeve to electrical potentials on which shielding electrodes of the vacuum interrupter are located.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is made of a thermoplastic such as polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene terephthalate (PETP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or polyamide (PA6.6), or of epoxy resin containing a permittivity-increasing filler such as barium titanate (BaTiO3). In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is manufactured using a conventional process, for example, by injection molding. This embodiment is preferred for simple integration of the capacitor electrodes into the insulating sleeve, for example, on their surfaces.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention to the aforementioned embodiment, the insulating sleeve is manufactured together with the capacitor electrodes by 3D printing. For example, the insulating sleeve is printed from a polylactide (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), PVDF, or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and the capacitor electrodes are printed from an electrically conductive filament. In this embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve and the capacitor electrodes are manufactured together by 3D printing. This embodiment is preferred for geometrically complex designs of the insulating sleeve and / or capacitor electrodes, in particular for capacitor electrodes embedded in the insulating sleeve.

[0018] In the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, at least one region of a surface of the vacuum interrupter facing the insulating sleeve and / or at least one region of a surface of the insulating sleeve facing the vacuum interrupter have a coating that homogenizes an electric field between the insulating sleeve and the vacuum interrupter. For example, such a coating is made of a semiconducting material. This configuration of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention enables the prevention or at least reduction of partial discharges between the insulating sleeve and the vacuum interrupter.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention, the insulating sleeve is composed of at least two sleeve parts. This embodiment of the vacuum switching unit according to the invention is advantageous when the outer diameter of the vacuum interrupter varies along its longitudinal axis. In this case, composing the insulating sleeve from several sleeve parts enables the assembly of an insulating sleeve with a geometry adapted to the shape of the vacuum interrupter.

[0020] A vacuum switch according to the invention comprises at least one vacuum switching unit according to the invention. In particular, the vacuum switch can comprise several vacuum switching units according to the invention, the switching paths of which are electrically connected in series. As already explained above, in vacuum switches with several vacuum interrupters whose switching paths are electrically connected in series, voltage distribution among the vacuum interrupters is important to prevent overloading of individual vacuum interrupters. Therefore, vacuum switching units according to the invention are particularly suitable for such vacuum switches with several vacuum interrupters.

[0021] The above-described properties, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more readily understood in connection with the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. Fig. 1 a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, Fig. 2 a section of a sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, Fig. 3 a sectional view of a third embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, Fig. 4 shows a section of a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a vacuum switching unit, and Fig. 5 a block diagram of a vacuum switch with two vacuum switching units.

[0022] Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

[0023] Fig. 1 ( Fig. 1) shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 of a vacuum switch according to the invention. The vacuum switching unit 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum interrupter 3, and a plurality of capacitor electrodes 7, 8 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5.

[0024] The vacuum interrupter 3 has an interrupter housing formed by a metallic central region 13, two metallic end regions 15, 17, and two insulating regions 19, 21. The central region 13 has a larger diameter than the end regions 15, 17 and the insulating regions 19, 21 and is arranged between the insulating regions 19, 21. The insulating regions 19, 21 are each made of an electrically non-conductive material, for example, a ceramic material. In the illustrated embodiment, each insulating region 19, 21 is composed of three annular insulating segments 23. The end regions 15, 17 form opposite end faces of the interrupter housing.

[0025] Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter 3 has two electrically conductive switching contact elements 25, 27. A first switching contact element 25 is firmly connected to a first end region 15 of the interrupter housing and extends through a first insulation region 19 into the central region 13 of the interrupter housing. The second switching contact element 27 is movable relative to the first switching contact element 25 by a mechanism (not shown) between a first switching position, in which the switching contact elements 25, 27 touch each other, and a Fig. 1, in which the switching contact elements 25, 27 are spaced apart from one another. The second switching contact element 27 extends out of the switching tube housing through an opening in the second end region 17 and projects through the second insulation region 21 into the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. Attached to the second switching contact element 27 is one end of a metallic bellows 29, the other end of which is connected to the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing and which surrounds the second switching contact element 27 between its ends.

[0026] Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter 3 has a plurality of shielding electrodes 31 to 34. A first shielding electrode 31 is arranged at the first end region 15 of the interrupter housing, protrudes from the first end region 15 into the interior of the interrupter housing, and there annularly surrounds the first switching contact element 25. A second shielding electrode 32 is arranged at an end of the central region 13 of the interrupter housing facing the first end region 15 and there annularly surrounds the first switching contact element 25.

[0027] A third shielding electrode 33 is arranged at the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing, protrudes from the second end region 17 into the interior of the switching tube housing, and there annularly surrounds the second switching contact element 27 and the bellows 29. A fourth shielding electrode 34 is arranged at an end of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing facing the second end region 17 and there annularly surrounds the second switching contact element 25.

[0028] The inner surface of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing and the shielding electrodes 32, 34 form, in particular, vapor shields which absorb material evaporating from the switching contact elements 25, 27 and thereby prevent this material from settling on the inner walls of the insulation regions 19, 21 and impairing their electrically insulating effect.

[0029] The insulating sleeve 5 extends tubularly around a longitudinal axis 37 of the vacuum interrupter 3. The insulating sleeve 5 is composed of two sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2. A first sleeve part 5.1 extends around the first insulation region 19 and a first part of the central region 13 of the interrupter housing. The second sleeve part 5.2 extends around the second insulation region 21 and a second part of the central region 13 of the interrupter housing. During manufacture of the vacuum interrupter unit 1, the first sleeve part 5.1 is pushed over the interrupter housing from the side of the first end region 15, and the second sleeve part 5.2 is pushed over the interrupter housing from the side of the second end region 17.

[0030] Each capacitor electrode 7, 8 runs within the insulating sleeve 5, i.e. embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37. In this exemplary embodiment, the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 form six electrode pairs 41 to 46 of concentrically running capacitor electrodes 7, 8 with electrode surfaces facing one another, so that each electrode pair 41 to 46 has an inner capacitor electrode 7 and an outer capacitor electrode 8 running around the inner capacitor electrode 7. The electrode pairs 41 to 46 are axially spaced from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis 37, with three electrode pairs 41 to 43 being arranged around the first insulation region 19 and three further electrode pairs 44 to 46 being arranged around the second insulation region 21.

[0031] The outer capacitor electrodes 8 of a first electrode pair 41 and a second electrode pair 42 are electrically connected to one another by electrical lines 47 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. Similarly, the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the second electrode pair 42 and a third electrode pair 43 are electrically connected to one another, so that the electrode pairs 41 to 43 form capacitors connected electrically in series. Furthermore, between these capacitors and / or in parallel with these capacitors, analogous to the Fig. 3, electrical resistors 49 can be connected, which are integrated into the insulating sleeve 5.

[0032] Furthermore, the inner capacitor electrode 7 of the first electrode pair 41 is electrically connected to the first end region 15 of the switching tube housing, and the outer capacitor electrode 8 of the third electrode pair 43 is electrically connected to the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. Instead of electrically conductive connections, purely capacitive couplings of these capacitor electrodes 7, 8 to the electrical potentials at which the first end region 15 and the central region 13 are respectively located can also be provided.

[0033] Accordingly, the outer capacitor electrodes 8 of a fourth electrode pair 44 and a fifth electrode pair 45, as well as the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the fifth electrode pair 45 and the sixth electrode pair 46, are electrically connected to one another, so that the electrode pairs 44 to 46 also form capacitors electrically connected in series. Electrical resistors 49, which are integrated into the insulating sleeve 5, can also be connected between these capacitors and / or in parallel with these capacitors.

[0034] Furthermore, the inner capacitor electrode 7 of the fourth electrode pair 44 is electrically conductively connected to the second end region 17 of the switching tube housing, and the outer capacitor electrode 8 of the sixth electrode pair 46 is electrically conductively connected to the central region 13 of the switching tube housing. Again, instead of electrically conductive connections, purely capacitive couplings of these capacitor electrodes 7, 8 to the electrical potentials at which the second end region 17 and the central region 13 are respectively located can also be provided.

[0035] The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5 are manufactured, for example, by 3D printing, together with the capacitor electrodes 7, 8, electrical lines 47, and optionally the electrical resistors 49 integrated into them. The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 are printed from PLA, ABS, PVDF, or CPE, for example, and the capacitor electrodes 7, 8, the electrical lines 47, and optionally the electrical resistors 49 are printed from an electrically conductive filament.

[0036] By the interaction of the capacitor electrodes 7, 8, for example, a control capacitance in the range of 10 pF to 500 pF is realized.

[0037] Fig. 2 ( Fig. 2) shows a section of a sectional view of a second embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 according to the invention. The vacuum switching unit 1 again comprises a vacuum interrupter 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum interrupter 3 and a plurality of capacitor electrodes 7, 8 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The Fig. The embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 according to the invention shown in Figure 2 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 shown embodiment essentially only by the arrangement of the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 and their electrical coupling to shielding electrodes 31 to 35 of the vacuum interrupter 3, wherein the vacuum interrupter 3 in addition to the shielding electrodes 31 to 34 of the in Fig. 1 has further shielding electrodes 35, each of which extends in a ring shape between two adjacent insulation segments 23 of the insulation regions 19, 21 of the switching tube housing.

[0038] The capacitor electrodes 7, 8 in turn form electrode pairs 41 to 46, wherein the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 of each electrode pair 41 to 46 are concentric and have mutually facing electrode surfaces. In contrast to the Fig. 1, the capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are not arranged within the insulating sleeve 5, that is to say embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, but the inner capacitor electrodes 7 run in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37 on a surface of the insulating sleeve 5 facing the vacuum interrupter 3 and the outer capacitor electrodes 8 run in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37 on a surface of the insulating sleeve 5 facing away from the vacuum interrupter 3. Furthermore, in contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, no capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are connected to one another by electrical lines 47, and the inner capacitor electrodes 7 of the electrode pairs 42, 43, 45 and 46 are each electrically conductively connected to a shield electrode 35 which is arranged between two adjacent insulation segments 23.

[0039] Furthermore, it can be provided that areas of the surface of the insulating sleeve 5 facing the vacuum interrupter 3 that are not covered by capacitor electrodes 7, and areas of the surface of the vacuum interrupter 3 facing the insulating sleeve 5 that are opposite these areas, have coatings 48, for example with a semiconducting material, that homogenize an electric field in the space between the insulating sleeve 5 and the vacuum interrupter 3. Such coatings 48 can also be provided in the embodiments that are described in the Fig. 1, Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 are shown.

[0040] The sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5 of the Fig. The vacuum switching units 1 shown in Figure 2 are manufactured, for example, from a thermoplastic such as POM, PETP, PVDF, or PA6.6, or from epoxy resin containing a permittivity-increasing filler such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), using a conventional process such as injection molding. The capacitor electrodes 7, 8 are subsequently applied to the insulating sleeve 5, for example as metal electrodes or as electrically conductive lacquer layers.

[0041] Fig. 3 ( Fig. 3) shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1. The vacuum switching unit 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 3, an insulating sleeve 5 surrounding the vacuum interrupter 3 and a plurality of capacitor electrodes 9 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The vacuum interrupter 3 and the insulating sleeve 5 are as in the Fig. 1 and are therefore not described again here.

[0042] Each capacitor electrode 9 extends within the insulating sleeve 5, i.e., embedded in the insulating sleeve 5, in a ring shape around the longitudinal axis 37. In each sleeve part 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5, six capacitor electrodes 9 are arranged axially spaced from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis 37. These capacitor electrodes form three electrode pairs 41, 42, 43 and 44, 45, 46, respectively, which form capacitors electrically connected in series by electrical lines 47 integrated into the respective sleeve part 5.1, 5.2. Furthermore, electrical resistors 49, which are integrated into the insulating sleeve 5, can be connected between these capacitors and / or in parallel to these capacitors.

[0043] Furthermore, each end region 15, 17 of the switching tube housing is electrically conductively connected to the capacitor electrode 9 closest to it, and each end of the central region 13 of the switching tube housing facing an end region 15, 17 is electrically conductively connected to the capacitor electrode 9 closest to it. Analogous to the Fig. 1, the electrically conductive connections of the end regions 15, 17 and the central region 13 of the switching tube housing with capacitor electrodes 9 can be omitted and are then replaced by purely capacitive electrical couplings of these capacitor electrodes 9 with the electrical potentials at which the end regions 15, 17 and the central region 13 are each located.

[0044] The Fig. The embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1 shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 essentially only in that the two capacitor electrodes 9 of each electrode pair 41 to 46 are not arranged concentrically, but are axially spaced from each other with axially opposite electrode surfaces. As in the embodiment shown in Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2 of the insulating sleeve 5 together with the capacitor electrodes 9, electrical lines 47 and optionally the electrical resistors 49 integrated therein are manufactured, for example, by 3D printing.

[0045] Fig. 4 ( Fig. 4) shows a section of a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a vacuum switching unit 1. This embodiment differs from that in Fig. 3, essentially only by the number and spacing of the capacitor electrodes 9 integrated into the sleeve parts 5.1, 5.2, and by the fact that no capacitor electrodes 9 are electrically connected to one another by electrical lines 47 integrated into the insulating sleeve 5. The electrical coupling of the capacitor electrodes 9 is therefore purely capacitive, with a capacitor electrode 9 arranged between two further capacitor electrodes 9 forming a capacitor with each of these two adjacent capacitor electrodes 9.

[0046] Fig. 5 ( Fig. 5) shows a block diagram of a vacuum switch 50 according to the invention. The vacuum switch 50 has a switch housing 51 in which two vacuum switching units 1 are arranged, each of which functions like one of the vacuum switching units shown in the Fig.1 to 4, and whose switching paths 52, 53 are electrically connected in series. The switch housing 51 is filled, for example, with purified and dehumidified compressed air. The movable switching contact elements 27 of the vacuum switching units 1 can be driven synchronously, for example by a common switch drive (not shown), to open and close the switching paths 52, 53.

[0047] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

[1] Vacuum switching unit (1) of a vacuum switch (50), the vacuum switching unit (1) comprising - a vacuum interrupter (3), - an insulating sleeve (5) surrounding the vacuum interrupter (3), which extends tubularly around a longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum interrupter (3) and is made of an insulating material, and - several capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5), characterized by that at least one region of a surface of the vacuum interrupter (3) facing the insulating sleeve (5) and / or at least one region of a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing the vacuum interrupter (3) have a coating (48) which homogenizes an electric field between the insulating sleeve (5) and the vacuum interrupter (3). [2] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) each extend in a ring-shaped or partially ring-shaped manner around the longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum switching tube (3). [3] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein electrode pairs (41 to 46) of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes (7, 8) with mutually facing electrode surfaces are formed by capacitor electrodes (7, 8) and the electrode pairs (41 to 46) of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes (7, 8) are axially spaced from one another with respect to the longitudinal axis (37) of the vacuum switching tube (3). [4] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 3, wherein each electrode pair (41 to 46) of concentrically extending capacitor electrodes (7, 8) is formed by a capacitor electrode (7) which runs on a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing the vacuum switching tube (3) and a capacitor electrode (8) which runs on a surface of the insulating sleeve (5) facing away from the vacuum switching tube (3). [5] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to claim 4, wherein the concentrically extending capacitor electrodes (7, 8) are formed by electrically conductive lacquer layers applied to the insulating sleeve (5). [6] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein capacitor electrodes (9) extend axially spaced from one another within the insulating sleeve (5) with respect to the longitudinal axis (37) of the insulating sleeve (5) and have mutually facing electrode surfaces. [7] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein electrode pairs (41 to 46) of capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) with mutually facing electrode surfaces form capacitors which are connected in series by electrical lines (47) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5). [8] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one electrical resistor (49) is integrated into the insulating sleeve (5), which is connected in series or parallel to at least one capacitor formed by two capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) by electrical lines (47) integrated into the insulating sleeve (5). [9] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vacuum interrupter (3) has at least one shielding electrode (31 to 35) which is electrically conductively connected and / or capacitively electrically coupled to a capacitor electrode (7, 8, 9). [10] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) is made of a thermoplastic or of epoxy resin which has a filler which increases the permittivity. [11] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) together with the capacitor electrodes (7, 8, 9) is manufactured by 3D printing. [12] Vacuum switching unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating sleeve (5) is composed of at least two sleeve parts (5.1, 5.2). [13] Vacuum switch (50) with at least one vacuum switching unit (1) designed according to one of the preceding claims. [14] Vacuum switch (50) with a plurality of vacuum switching units (1), each designed according to one of claims 1 to 13 and whose switching paths (52, 53) are electrically connected in series.

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