Load-bearing element for the construction of ceilings and / or floors of buildings

Abstract

The load-bearing element is used to construct ceilings and / or floors of buildings. It has an angular, preferably rectangular, frame that surrounds at least one functional element and has a top and a bottom surface. To facilitate easy connection of the ceilings / floors to the building structure, the load-bearing element is designed in a trough shape at least on its top and / or bottom surface and has at least one projecting edge on this side, which is provided with at least one through-hole for installation. This ensures that the installation opening remains accessible even when the load-bearing element is delivered to the installation site ready for assembly. It is then only necessary to connect the prefabricated and ready-to-install load-bearing elements to each other and to the building structure. The trough shape allows for complete prefabrication of the load-bearing element in the workshop.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a supporting element for constructing ceilings and / or floors of buildings according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] To form the ceilings and / or floors, several load-bearing elements are placed together and connected to the respective vertical building structure. However, with conventional systems, connecting the load-bearing elements to one another is only possible if the functional element is not yet incorporated into the load-bearing element. Functional elements include, for example, insulation material, soundproofing materials, installations, and the like. The functional element can only be inserted once the load-bearing elements are connected to one another. Since the load-bearing elements can only be fitted with the respective functional element after they have been connected to one another and to the building structure, this procedure is very complex and laborious.

[0003] The invention is based on the object of designing the generic support element in such a way that it can be used to easily connect the ceilings / floors to the building structure.

[0004] This object is achieved according to the invention in the generic support element with the characterizing features of claim 1.

[0005] The support element according to the invention has the mounting opening located in the protruding edge of the support element. This makes the mounting opening accessible for assembly even when the support element is delivered ready for installation to the installation site. It is then only necessary to connect the prefabricated and ready-to-install support elements to each other and to the building structure. The trough-shaped design allows for complete prefabrication of the support element in the workshop.

[0006] Of course, the support element can also be completely assembled at the installation site.

[0007] The supporting element advantageously has a frame made of plug-in parts that can be assembled very easily. After the plug-in process, the frame parts can be easily and firmly connected to one another.

[0008] It is particularly preferred if the frame is formed by profile rails. This allows the profile rails to be designed in such a way that they are adapted to the specific application of the supporting element.

[0009] Such profile rails are particularly cost-effective and easy to manufacture when made from roll-formed steel profiles. However, the profile rails can also be made from aluminum or wood profiles with appropriate profiling.

[0010] To ensure easy and reliable connection of the profile rails to form the frame, the profile rails are connected at their ends by connectors. The connectors first plug the profile rails together and then firmly connect them, preferably using screw connections. The frame of the supporting element can be easily manufactured in this way.

[0011] The connecting pieces are advantageously metal profile pieces. Such metal profile pieces are preferably angle pieces with legs that are at an angle, preferably at right angles to each other. Since the frame of the supporting element usually has a square, particularly rectangular, outline, the legs of the angle pieces are correspondingly at right angles to each other. They are attached to the inside of the profile rails, which are at the same angle to each other.

[0012] Since the metal profile pieces, preferably the angle pieces, are arranged within the frame and thus the supporting element, they are protected after installation so that there is no risk of them being damaged or even destroyed.

[0013] The profile rails are preferably C-shaped. They have a web connecting two transversely projecting legs, each with angled edge sections running toward the other. This profile shape gives the profile rails high strength.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the profile rails form the longitudinal and transverse rails of the frame. Therefore, different profile rails are not required for the different sides of the frame. This greatly contributes to cost-effective production and easy assembly of the support element in the workshop.

[0015] In order to ensure that the framework of the supporting element has high strength, load-bearing capacity and flexural rigidity, the framework is advantageously provided with stiffening.

[0016] This stiffening advantageously comprises at least one longitudinal stiffener, which connects opposite frame sides. The term "longitudinal stiffener" is primarily associated with rectangular frames that have a longitudinal extension. However, a longitudinal stiffener also refers to a stiffener that connects two opposite frame sides of a square frame.

[0017] The stiffening of the frame advantageously also comprises at least one transverse stiffener.

[0018] It is advantageous if this transverse stiffener connects the longitudinal stiffener to opposite frame sides. In this case, the transverse stiffener extends perpendicular to the longitudinal stiffener and thus also perpendicular to the corresponding frame sides.

[0019] A particularly advantageous, easy-to-create longitudinal reinforcement is achieved when it is formed by two adjacent profile rails. These are also advantageously C-shaped. In this case, the two rails are placed together with their webs adjacent to each other, so that their legs run opposite each other from the webs. With the two adjacent profile rails, the longitudinal reinforcement and thus the frame are highly rigid.

[0020] A particularly advantageous feature contributing to simple assembly is that the profile rails of the longitudinal reinforcement are attached at their ends to the frame sides lying transversely to them by angled connecting elements. These connecting elements are advantageously housed in a protected manner within the frame, with the connecting elements having angled, preferably perpendicular, legs that are attached to the inside of the transverse frame sides and to the opposite outer sides of the profile rails of the longitudinal reinforcement. The connecting elements are preferably metal profile pieces.

[0021] The simple assembly of the supporting element according to the invention is further advantageously facilitated by the fact that the transverse stiffening is formed by profile rails, the ends of which are pushed onto connecting pieces on the longitudinal stiffener and on the opposite frame sides and then firmly connected to these connecting pieces. The connecting pieces, which are advantageously metal profile pieces, have a contour shape such that the profile rails of the transverse stiffener can be pushed onto them so that they sit firmly on the connecting pieces. This allows for simple and reliable fastening of the profile rails to the connecting pieces, advantageously using a screw connection.

[0022] Another advantageous design involves stiffening the structure with a cross-braced cable tensioning system. This requires minimal installation space, is inexpensive to purchase, and is easy to install.

[0023] With the cross-bracing cable bracing, a high bending stiffness of the load-bearing element can be achieved in a structurally simple manner.

[0024] Preferably, the cross-bracing cable bracing comprises at least two intersecting cables, the ends of which are fastened to the frame within the supporting element.

[0025] The ropes can be made in one piece, but can also consist of at least two rope sections.

[0026] The cables can extend the entire length of the supporting element. Depending on the length of the supporting element, it is also possible for the supporting element to have two or more cross-braced cable bracings.

[0027] In order to ensure that the supporting element can be easily connected to the building structure during assembly, coupling elements are advantageously arranged on those frame parts via which the supporting element is to be connected to the vertical building structure.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element is an angle piece with two legs positioned at an angle, preferably at right angles to each other. One leg is attached, preferably screwed, to the outside of the corresponding frame part. The other leg then projects outward transversely from the frame part and serves as the connection to the building structure. Depending on the length or width of the support element, a corresponding number of coupling elements can be provided, ensuring reliable attachment of the support element to the building structure.

[0029] The edge of the frame that protrudes beyond the top and / or bottom is provided with at least one support for at least one cover part. This cover part is preferably plate-shaped and rests on the support. The cover part covers the functional element located in the frame from the outside and is preferably screwed to the support.

[0030] The support for the cover part is particularly advantageously formed by a profile section of the profile rails. If the profile rails are C-shaped, the support is advantageously formed by angled free ends of the edge sections of these profile rails. In this case, the support advantageously extends over the entire length of the profile rails, allowing the cover part to be securely attached to the frame along its circumference.

[0031] The support for the cover part is arranged in the area below the mounting opening, so that despite the cover part being above the mounting opening, a simple connection of adjacent supporting elements to create the ceiling and / or floors is possible without any problems.

[0032] A further advantageous design is achieved when parts of building installations are housed in the supporting element. Such building installations include, for example, heating and cooling systems, cooling and heating pipes, electrical and IT cabling, water supply and sewer pipes, sprinkler systems, and the like.

[0033] The mounting opening of the support element advantageously serves to connect adjacent support elements by means of connecting elements.

[0034] The supporting elements lie against each other with their corresponding frame sides and are firmly held together by the connecting elements.

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment, the connecting element has a screw sleeve provided with a transversely projecting stop at one end, into which a screw spindle can be screwed. An angle screwdriver is advantageously used for this purpose.

[0036] The subject matter of the application arises not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from all information and features disclosed in the drawings and the description. Even if they are not the subject matter of the claims, they are claimed as essential to the invention insofar as they are novel, individually or in combination, over the prior art.

[0037] The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a building with supporting elements according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the basic structure of a support element according to the invention, Fig. 3 to Fig. 7 the assembly of the basic structure of the supporting element according to Fig. 2, Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of the basic structure of the support element according to the invention, on the top and bottom of which support plates are placed, Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of the assembly of the support elements according to the invention according to Fig. 8 on a vertical supporting structure of a building, Fig. 10 shows an enlarged view of the connection between two adjacent support elements according to the invention, Fig. 10a the support elements according to the invention before being fastened to one another, Fig. 11 the connection of adjacent, adjacent supporting elements using an angle screwdriver, Fig. 12 in section and in an enlarged view the connection of the adjacent supporting elements to the supporting profile of a vertical supporting structure according to Fig. 9, Fig. 13 shows an enlarged view of the connection area of ​​the supporting elements according to Fig. 12 to the supporting profile, Fig. 14 a corner region of the support element according to the invention with an internal connecting piece, Fig. 15 in perspective and enlarged view the connecting piece according to Fig. 14, Fig. 16 the fastening of a longitudinal stiffener of the support element according to the invention to a cross rail, Fig. 17 in perspective and enlarged view a holding piece for connecting the longitudinal stiffener according to Fig. 16, Fig. 18 the connection area between the longitudinal stiffener according to Fig. 16 and cross struts of the support element according to the invention in different sections and views, Fig. 19 in a perspective and enlarged view a connecting piece for connecting the longitudinal stiffener to a cross rail of the support element according to the invention, Fig. 20 shows two supporting elements according to the invention arranged at a distance one above the other, which extend between two opposite building walls and are part of a ceiling and a floor, Fig. 21 in a representation corresponding Fig. 20 support elements according to the invention arranged at a distance from one another, which are part of a ceiling and two superimposed floors, Fig. 22 shows an enlarged view and a section through a connecting area of ​​a supporting element of the ceiling according to the invention to the facade structure of the building, Fig. 23 in a representation corresponding Fig. 22 the connection area of ​​the supporting element of the floor according to the invention to the facade structure of the building, Fig. 24 the connection area between the longitudinal stiffener and cross struts of the support element according to the invention, Fig. 25 shows a perspective view of a longitudinal rail of the support element according to the invention, Fig. 26 a section through the longitudinal rail according to Fig. 25, Fig. 27 in side view the end area of ​​the longitudinal rail according to Fig. 25, Fig. 28 shows a perspective view of a section located in the area between the ends of the longitudinal rail, Fig. 29 in perspective view a rail of the longitudinal stiffening according to Fig. 16, Fig. 30 in perspective view a between the ends of the rail according to Fig. 29 located area, Fig. 31 a cross rail of the support element according to the invention in perspective view, Fig. 32 in perspective view a section of the cross rail according to Fig. 31 in the area between its two ends, Fig. 33 a side view of the cross rail according to Fig. 31, Fig: 34 a top view of the cross rail, Fig. 35 a side view of a cross strut of the support element according to the invention, Fig. 36 the cross brace according to Fig. 35 in perspective view, Fig. 37 in plan view a connecting area between adjacent rails of the longitudinal stiffener, Fig. 38 in perspective and enlarged view a connecting piece of the connection according to Fig. 37, Fig. 39 the connecting piece according to Fig. 38 in a different perspective view, Fig. 40 the connection area of ​​a cross brace to the longitudinal rail of the supporting element, Fig. 41 a plan view of a further embodiment of a support element according to the invention, Fig. 42 in a representation corresponding Fig. 41 shows a further embodiment of a support element according to the invention, Fig. 43 in perspective view the supporting element according to Fig. 41, Fig. 44 a connection of a stiffening element of the support element according to the invention according to the Fig. 41 and Fig. 42, Fig. 45 shows a perspective and enlarged view of part of the stiffening of the supporting element according to the invention, Fig. 46 in an enlarged view and in section a profile rail of the support element according to the invention.

[0038] The support elements described below each have a supporting frame, which advantageously consists of roll-formed, preferably galvanized steel profiles. These are bolted together using efficiently manufactured connecting brackets. The supporting frame is advantageously designed so that at least one support plate can be attached to the top and bottom.

[0039] Support plates are attached to the supporting framework at the top and bottom to define a ceiling cavity. The upper support plate serves as a base for a floor structure to be installed on site, which may include, for example, impact sound insulation, screed, and flooring. The lower support plate supports cavity insulation and is used to attach installations and supply lines integrated into the supporting elements.

[0040] Optionally, the support plates can also take on the function of a static brace.

[0041] The cavity between the support plates and the steel profile parts is advantageously completely filled with an insulating material. This insulating material can be blown into the cavities. Foam material can also be used as an insulating material, which, when expanded, completely fills the cavities easily and quickly.

[0042] The support elements are designed so that they can be easily connected to one another at the installation site, particularly by means of a screw connection. An angle screwdriver is advantageously used for this purpose. This avoids the need for individual assembly of the support element on site.

[0043] Heating and cooling ceiling systems can be pre-assembled into the supporting element in the factory.

[0044] The lower ceiling cladding and the floor structure, such as screed, are produced on site in the conventional manner.

[0045] The supporting element is largely manufactured as a frame element prefabricated in the workshop so that it can be very quickly assembled, suspended and coupled at the construction site.

[0046] The supporting element has a load-bearing function and can be easily hung or attached to a vertical building structure in a manner to be described below.

[0047] By connecting the ceiling modules in a rapid assembly method, the load-bearing elements allow a ceiling-to-surface structure to be created, forming a stiffening load-bearing plate capable of absorbing all loads encountered. These loads include vertical loads, such as dead weight, traffic and snow loads, horizontal loads, primarily wind loads, and special loads, such as those encountered during earthquakes.

[0048] From the load-bearing elements of the supporting ceiling, the resulting loads are transferred into the vertical supporting structure of the building downwards into the supporting foundations.

[0049] The stiffening effect of the surface structure formed from the load-bearing elements also ensures that the horizontal forces that occur are specifically transferred to the vertical load-bearing structure of the building, which means that the deformations of the building are extremely small.

[0050] In Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a building. It has upright posts 1 that are connected at the top and bottom by horizontal crossbeams 2. The posts 1 advantageously consist of sections 1a that sit one on top of the other and are firmly connected to one another. The posts 1 and the crossbeams 2 form facade load-bearing elements 3 that are arranged above and next to one another. Each facade load-bearing element 3 has fields 4 that are defined by the posts 1 and the crossbeams 2. The fields 4 serve to accommodate building elements such as glass windows, wall elements, and the like. Bracing modules (not shown) can be accommodated in all fields 4 or in individual fields. They are provided depending on the design of the supporting structure to ensure the desired stability.

[0051] In the example shown, the building has a ceiling 5 and two floors 6, 7, each of which defines a storey and each has load-bearing elements 8.

[0052] As from Fig. As can be seen from Figure 9, the supporting elements 8 of the ceiling 5 are fastened with their narrow sides to the upper ends of the sections of the posts 1 of the facade supporting elements 3 in a manner to be described below. The supporting elements 8 of the floors 6, 7 are fastened, in a manner to be described below, to the upper ends of stacked post sections 1a, which form the posts.

[0053] Fig. Figure 2 shows an embodiment of support elements 8, which are placed together with their longitudinal sides and, when installed in the building, form components of the ceiling 5 and the floor 6, 7, respectively. The support elements 8, which are placed together with their longitudinal sides, are advantageously screwed together so that they can be separated from each other if necessary, for example, if one of the support elements 8 is damaged and needs to be replaced or repaired.

[0054] The majority of the support elements 8 are of identical design. In the central region, the support elements 8 are shorter because the component formed by the support elements 8 is provided with an opening 9 at the edge. This opening has a rectangular outline.

[0055] The built-in part formed from the supporting elements 8 can also be provided without such an opening 9 or with further openings 9, depending on the desired design of the built-in part.

[0056] The structure of the supporting element 8 is explained in more detail using the drawings.

[0057] The supporting element 8 has two longitudinal rails 10 ( Fig. 6), which form the two longitudinal sides of the support element. The longitudinal rails 10 are of identical design, but are arranged 180° apart.

[0058] The longitudinal rails 10 have a C-profile ( Fig. 10 and 25 to 28). The longitudinal rails 10 have a flat web 11 connecting two parallel legs 12, which run perpendicular to the web 11 and merge into edge sections 13 at their free ends. Like the legs 12, they are flat and parallel to the web 11. The free end 14 of the edge sections 13 is bent outward at a right angle. The two free ends 14 are parallel to each other and, like the edge sections 13, are flat.

[0059] The narrow sides of the supporting element 8 are formed by cross rails 15 ( Fig. 6 and 31 to 34), have the same cross-sectional design as the longitudinal rails 10, but are shorter than them.

[0060] As can be seen from the Fig. 7, Fig. 27 and Fig. 34, the ends of the legs 12 as well as the associated edge sections 13 and their free ends 14 are mitred so that the longitudinal rails 10 and the transverse rails 15 abut one another in the corner area of ​​the supporting element 8.

[0061] Angle-shaped connecting pieces 16 ( Fig. 6), which are fastened in the corner area of ​​the support element 8 to the inside of the webs 11 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the cross rails 15. The connecting pieces 16 have two angled legs 16a, 16b, which in the exemplary embodiment are perpendicular to each other, of which the legs 16a are fastened to the inside of the webs 11 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the legs 16b are fastened to the inside of the webs 11 of the cross rails 15. Advantageously, the connecting pieces 16 are screwed to the longitudinal rails 10 and the cross rails 15, so that the support elements 8 can be easily dismantled if necessary.

[0062] In order to obtain a large fastening surface, the legs 16a, 16b of the connecting pieces 16 advantageously extend over the entire height of the webs 11 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the transverse rails 15.

[0063] Since the connecting pieces 16 are arranged on the inner sides of the webs 11, they are not visible from the outside and are also protected from damage when the supporting elements are in use.

[0064] The two parallel cross rails 15 are connected to each other by a longitudinal stiffener 17, which runs parallel to the longitudinal rails 10 and is provided halfway along the length of the cross rails 15 ( Fig. 5). The longitudinal reinforcement 17 is formed by two rails that are identical in design to the longitudinal rails 10. Therefore, these two rails forming the longitudinal reinforcement 17 are also provided with the reference numeral 10.

[0065] The two rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 are arranged mirror-inverted to each other so that their webs 11 lie against each other ( Fig. 10).

[0066] L-shaped connecting pieces 18 ( Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). The connecting pieces 18 are advantageously detachably connected to the cross rails 15 and the rails 10 of the longitudinal reinforcement 17.

[0067] One leg 18a of the connecting pieces 18 is fastened, preferably screwed, to the inside of the web 11 of the cross rails 15, while the other legs 18b, which are perpendicular to them, are fastened, preferably screwed, to the inside of the webs 11 of the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17.

[0068] In the area where the ends of the longitudinal stiffener 17 connect to the cross rails 15, these are provided with a recess 19, 20 ( Fig. 5 and Fig. 32). This allows the longitudinal stiffener 17 and the cross rails 15 to be connected to each other in such a way that their upper and lower sides are at least approximately flush with each other ( Fig. 6). The longitudinal stiffener 17 projects with its ends into the recesses 19, 20 ( Fig. 5).

[0069] On the outside of the webs 11 of the cross rails 15, at the level of the connecting pieces 18, there is a flat holding piece 21 which rests on the outside of the webs 11 and to which the connecting pieces 18 are screwed through the webs 11.

[0070] The longitudinal stiffener 17 is also connected to the longitudinal rails 10 via cross braces 22. The cross braces 22 are of identical design and are each formed by a profile rail with a C-shaped cross section. The cross braces 22 are distributed along the length of the longitudinal stiffener 17 and are advantageously spaced equally apart from one another. Advantageously, the cross braces 22 are provided such that the cross rails 15 are also spaced equally apart from the adjacent cross braces 22 as these, in turn, are spaced equally apart from one another. This creates rectangular (square in the exemplary embodiment), open fields 23 ( Fig. 7 and Fig. 8), which are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal stiffener 17 in the supporting element 8.

[0071] For fastening the cross braces 22 to the longitudinal reinforcement 17 and to the longitudinal rails 10, connecting pieces 24, 25 are provided, which are advantageously of identical design. The connecting pieces 24 ( Fig. 3) are provided on the inner sides of the webs 11 of the rails 10 facing away from each other, while the connecting pieces 25 of the longitudinal rails 10 ( Fig. 6) are arranged on the mutually facing inner sides of the webs 11 of the longitudinal rails 10 ( Fig. 6). In the area of ​​the connecting pieces 24, the free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 of the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 are each provided with a recess 26.

[0072] When assembling the supporting element 8, the connecting pieces 26 are first pushed into the rails 10 from the ends, positioned, and secured, preferably screwed in place. Then, the cross braces 22 are placed with one end transversely to the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 and fastened to the connecting pieces 24. After the cross braces 15 and the cross braces 22 are attached to the rails 10 ( Fig. 6), the longitudinal rails 10 provided with the connecting pieces 25 are placed transversely to the cross struts 22 (arrows in Fig. 6). The cross braces 22 are attached by their free ends to the connecting pieces 25. The legs 16b of the connecting pieces 16 at the ends of the longitudinal rails 10 engage the ends of the cross rails 15 and are connected to them in the manner described.

[0073] In the same way, the longitudinal rails 10 also have recesses 27 in the area of ​​the connecting pieces 25, which are provided in the free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 of the longitudinal rails 10.

[0074] Like the recesses 19, 20, the recesses 26, 27 are also designed so that they are filled by the cross struts 22 in the assembled position ( Fig. 7).

[0075] The upper and lower sides of the cross braces 22 are advantageously flush with the upper side of the wall sections 13 of the longitudinal rails 10 when mounted. In the same way, the upper and lower sides of the rails 10 of the longitudinal reinforcement 10 are advantageously flush with the upper side of the edge sections 13 of the cross rails 15 when mounted. Fig. 7).

[0076] The angled free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the cross rails 15 form supports for cover parts 28 ( Fig. 8 and Fig. 9), with which the top and bottom of the support elements 8 are covered. The cover parts 28 are preferably plate-shaped and rest with their longitudinal and transverse edges on the free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the transverse rails 15. Furthermore, the plate-shaped cover parts 28 rest on the transverse struts 22. The cover parts 28 can be attached to the support element 8 in a suitable manner.

[0077] Advantageously, the outer sides of the cover parts 28 are flush with the upper sides of the free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 of the longitudinal rails 10 and the transverse rails 15. As a result, the support elements 8 have a continuously flat upper and lower side to the edge, which considerably facilitates and simplifies the installation of the support elements 8 within the building.

[0078] The panels 23 of the supporting element 8, which are covered at the top and bottom by the cover parts 28, advantageously accommodate the insulating material, which preferably completely fills the panels 23. The insulating material can be blown into the panels 23. If foam material is used as the insulating material, this material can completely fill the panels 23 by foaming.

[0079] The cover parts 28 are advantageously sheet metal parts that can be easily cut to the required size and are also inexpensive to manufacture.

[0080] In order to produce the ceiling 5 or the floors 6, 7 in the building, the supporting elements 8 are connected to each other with their long sides adjacent to each other ( Fig. 1 and 9 to 11). In the webs 11 of the longitudinal rails 10 of the adjacent supporting elements 8 there are passages 29 distributed over their length ( Fig. 11), through which connecting elements 30 can be inserted. They have a screw sleeve 31, which is provided at one end with a transversely projecting stop 32, with which the screw sleeve 31 rests against the web 11 of one longitudinal rail 10. A screw spindle 34 is screwed into the screw sleeve 31 with the aid of an angle screwdriver 33, the head 35 of which, when screwed in, rests against the web 11 of the other longitudinal rail 10, whereby the two adjacent longitudinal rails 10 of the adjacent support elements 8 are firmly connected to one another.

[0081] Since several connecting elements 30 are provided along the length of the longitudinal rails 10, the adjacent support elements 8 can be firmly connected to one another.

[0082] The passages 29 for the connecting elements 30 are located in the area between the cover parts 28 or free ends 14 of the edge sections 13 and the legs 12 of the longitudinal rails 10 ( Fig. 10, Fig. 25, Fig. 27 and Fig. 28). This makes it possible to connect the supporting elements 8 only after they have been completely assembled. After connecting the supporting elements 8, no further work on the supporting element 8 is required.

[0083] To connect the supporting elements 8 to the building structure, coupling elements 36 are provided in the corner area on the cross rails 15 ( Fig. 8, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13).

[0084] The coupling elements 36 are identically designed and are formed by angle pieces with two legs 36a and 36b positioned at right angles to each other. Leg 36a rests against the outer side of the cross rail 15 and is preferably screwed to it. The leg 36b, projecting at a right angle, serves to connect or fasten the supporting element 8 to the respective post 1 of the building.

[0085] It has, for example, a hollow beam 37 ( Fig. 12), on the longitudinal sides of which the legs 36b of the coupling elements 36 rest and are fastened to them, preferably screwed.

[0086] The two legs 36a, 36b of the coupling element 36 have, for example, the same width and height. Since the legs 36a, 36b rest flat against the outer sides of the cross rails 15 and the longitudinal sides of the hollow beam 37, secure fastening of the supporting elements is ensured.

[0087] Depending on the cross-sectional design of the post 1, the coupling elements 36 may also have a different shape.

[0088] Since the coupling elements 36 are preferably screwed to the support elements 8 and to the posts 1, simple assembly and disassembly is possible.

[0089] As can be seen from the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the legs 16b of the connecting pieces 16 and the legs 36a of the coupling elements 36 are at the same height, but on different sides of the webs 11 of the cross rails 15. This allows the legs 16b, 36a to be connected together by means of fastening elements 38 ( Fig. 12), preferably screw elements, to the cross rails 15. At least the legs 16b, 36a of the connecting pieces 16 and the coupling elements 36 are of identical design. Advantageously, the connecting pieces 16 and the coupling elements 36 are of identical design, so that different types of connecting / coupling pieces do not have to be manufactured.

[0090] The Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 show in detail the connecting piece 16, with which the longitudinal rails 10 are connected to the cross rails 15 in the manner described. The two legs 16a, 16b are perpendicular to each other and each have several through-holes 39 for the corresponding fastening elements. The two legs 16a, 16b have the same width and height.

[0091] As from Fig. As can be seen from Figure 14, the coupling elements 36 are arranged slightly offset relative to the connecting pieces 16. This results in the leg 36b being slightly recessed inward relative to the leg 16a. Accordingly, the leg 36a protrudes inward beyond the leg 16b by a corresponding amount. This offset advantageously ensures that adjacent support elements 8 can lie perfectly against one another with their longitudinal rails 10.

[0092] The holding piece 21, with which the two connecting pieces 18 assigned to the longitudinal stiffener 17 are held, has, for example, a quadrangular, in particular square, outline ( Fig. 17). It is a flat holding part with corresponding through-holes 40 for fastening elements 41. The thin holding piece 21 requires only a small amount of installation space, which has an advantageous effect on the compact design of the ceiling 5 and floors 6, 7 formed from the supporting elements 8.

[0093] Fig. Figure 19 shows in detail the design of the connecting pieces 18, with which the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 are connected to the cross rails 15 in the manner described. The connecting piece 18 is designed as an angle piece and has the two legs 18a, 18b, which have the same height. However, the leg 18a is narrower than the leg 18b, which in the installed position is attached in the manner described to the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17. The narrow web 18a lies on the inside of the web 11 ( Fig. 5) of the cross rail 15 and is secured by means of the fastening elements 41 ( Fig. 16) is connected to the holding piece 21 in the manner described. The legs 18a, 18b are provided with through-openings 42, 43 for the corresponding fastening elements with which the connecting pieces 18 are connected to the rails 10 and the cross rails 15.

[0094] Fig. 18 shows in detail the connection of the cross braces 22 to the rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 of the supporting element 8. The connecting piece 24 has a U-shaped cross section with a web 44 ( Fig. 18 and 37 to 39), which rests flat against the web 11 of the rail 10 and from whose longitudinal edges two legs 45, 46 protrude vertically. They are, for example, shorter than the web 44 and are spaced from the upper and lower edges 44a, 44b of the web 44.

[0095] The connecting piece 24 is advantageously made in one piece from a metallic material. It is designed such that the cross strut 22 overlaps the connecting piece 24.

[0096] As can be seen from the Fig. 35 and Fig. As can be seen from Figure 36, the cross strut 22 has a C-shaped cross-section with a web 47, to whose two longitudinal edges a leg 48, 49 is connected vertically. The legs 48, 49 merge into vertically angled edge sections 50, 51 extending toward one another, which are at the same height and spaced apart from one another along the length of the cross strut 22.

[0097] The cross struts 22 are pushed onto the connecting pieces 24 with their ends in such a way that the edge sections 50, 51 rest on the outside of the leg 45 and the web 47 on the outside of the leg 46 ( Fig. 18d). With fastening elements 52 arranged transversely to the cross strut 22, which have openings 73, 74 in the edge sections 50, 51 and in the web 47 of the cross struts 22 ( Fig. 36) and openings 75 in the legs 45, 46 of the connecting piece 24, the cross struts 22 can be connected easily and reliably to the connecting piece 24.

[0098] The web 44 of the connecting piece 24 also has openings 76 for fastening elements 53, with which the connecting piece 24 is attached to the web 11 of the rail 10. The web 11 has corresponding openings.

[0099] As from Fig. 37, the fastening elements 53 can be used to simultaneously fasten the connecting pieces 24 of the two rails 10 to their webs 11.

[0100] The connecting pieces 25 on the longitudinal rails 10 ( Fig. 40) are designed in the same way as the connecting pieces 24. The cross struts 22 are attached to the connecting pieces 25 in the same way as previously described for the connecting pieces 24. The cross struts 22 are pushed onto the connecting pieces 25 during assembly of the support element 8 and are attached to the longitudinal rails 10 by means of the fastening means 52.

[0101] As can be seen from Fig. 18c, the connecting pieces 24 of the two rails 10 of the longitudinal stiffener 17 lie next to each other. The fastening elements 53 connect the connecting pieces 24 to the rails 10, and these, in turn, are connected to each other.

[0102] Fig. Figure 20 shows a part of a building with the vertical posts 1, between which extend the ceiling 5 and a floor 6. Both the ceiling 5 and the floor 6 are formed by adjacent supporting elements 8 ( Fig. 19), which are attached to the posts 1 with the coupling elements 36, as exemplified by the Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 has been explained.

[0103] The ceiling 5 is part of a flat roof 54 of the building. Various layers are located on and within the supporting elements 8 of the ceiling 5, the arrangement (structure and composition) of which depends on the function of the flat roof 54. The upper surface of the flat roof 54 is formed by an upper covering layer 55, which is arranged on a covering layer 56. With an insulating / sealing layer 57 in between, the layers 55, 56 lie on another covering layer 58, which is applied to the supporting elements 8. The two covering layers 56, 58 form sealing membranes, which are advantageously bitumen membrane seals.

[0104] Adjoining the edge of the ceiling 5 is a border 59, which has a U-shaped cross-section and encloses the uppermost crossbeams 2 of the building. The border 59 can consist of an insulating or sealing layer that is suitably secured to the building. At its front end, the border 59 is covered by a roughly U-shaped cover 60, which is suitably secured to the building and is preferably made of a bent sheet metal.

[0105] The floor 6 is formed by the adjacent support elements 8, which are connected to the posts 1 of the building by means of the coupling elements 36 in the manner described. A floor layer 61 is applied to the support elements 8, which can be, for example, impact sound insulation, a screed, or a floor covering.

[0106] Fig. 21 shows a building which, in addition to the ceiling 5 and the floor 6, has a further floor 7 which can be of the same design as the floor 6. The connection of the supporting elements 8 of the floor 7 is effected by means of the coupling elements 36 in the manner described.

[0107] Fig. Figure 22 shows an enlarged view of the connection of the ceiling 5 to the vertical post 1 of the building. The ceiling 5 consists, as described, of the adjacent and firmly connected support elements 8, which are fastened to the post 1 by the cross rails 15 and their coupling elements 36 in the manner described. The post 1 consists of the stacked and firmly connected post sections 1a, the number of which depends on the height of the building or the post 1. The adjacent posts 1 are connected to each other by the horizontal cross members 2 ( Fig. 1), which together with the post sections limit fields 4. According to the Fig. 20 to 22, horizontal frame parts 64 are fastened to the outwardly facing end faces 63 of the cross members 2, which are used to hold built-in elements 62, in the example case of window panes.

[0108] The supporting elements 8 of the ceiling 5 are filled with insulating material, which is covered at the top and bottom by the plate-shaped cover parts 28.

[0109] After the supporting elements 8 are attached to the posts 1, a plate-shaped ceiling element 66 is attached to the underside of the ceiling 5, completely covering the supporting elements 8. The ceiling element 66 rests on the webs 12 of the cross rails 15 and the longitudinal rails 10 and is attached to them.

[0110] In principle, it is possible to provide the ceiling element 66 such that it extends across the entire width and length of the ceiling 5, i.e., across all the supporting elements 8 forming the ceiling 5. However, it is also possible to assemble the ceiling element 66 from individual sections, which, for example, may extend only across the width and length of a single supporting element. In this case, the ceiling elements 66 are connected to the supporting elements 8 in a butt-fitting manner in the manner described.

[0111] The floors 6, 7 are also provided with such a ceiling element 66 on their underside ( Fig. 21 to 23). The ceiling element 66 is attached to the supporting elements 8 in the same way as the ceiling 5.

[0112] The supporting elements 8 of the floors 6, 7 are provided on their upper side with a corresponding cover 67 ( Fig. 23), which can, for example, consist of several layers. This covering 67 forms the floor, which can consist of impact sound insulation 68, a screed 69, and a floor covering 70. The covering 67 is provided on the supporting elements 8 such that it advantageously runs flush with the upper side 71 of the associated cross member 2. The supporting elements 8 themselves are filled with the insulating material 65 in the manner described.

[0113] Technical building installations can be accommodated in the supporting elements 8, such as heating and cooling systems for the ceiling 5 or the floors 6, 7, cooling and heating lines, electrical lines and IT cabling, water supply and sewage lines, sprinkler systems and the like. For this purpose, corresponding lines can already be installed in the supporting elements 8 at the factory, which, depending on their position within the supporting elements, are guided to the outer edge of the supporting elements in such a way that when the supporting elements 8 are placed together, the lines of the adjacent supporting elements are connected to one another. Fig. Figure 24 shows, by way of example, such conduits 72, which are provided at a distance from one another on the cross struts 22 and extend between the cover 67 and the cross struts 22. The conduits 72 are suitably fastened to the underside of the leg 49 of the cross strut 22. The cover 67 is spaced apart from the conduits 72, which are protected from damage by the cover 67.

[0114] The support elements 8 can be very easily attached to the vertical support structure, which is formed, for example, by the posts 1, in the manner described. The rails 10, 15, 22 advantageously consist of roll-formed lightweight steel profiles, which can be efficiently assembled and infilled during production to form rigid, square, preferably rectangular support frames using the connecting pieces 16, 18. This creates a modular lightweight system with simple construction and assembly.

[0115] During assembly, the load-bearing elements 8 are connected to each other in the manner described above, ensuring shear resistance, resulting in a tensile structure in the finished state. This forms a stiffening support plate that absorbs all loads, as explained in the introduction.

[0116] The roll-formed lightweight steel profiles can have the following dimensions: Profile height 300 mm Profile width 107 mm Wall thickness 3 to 5 mm depending on static requirements Maximum span 7,200 mm

[0117] The dimensions given are only intended as exemplary measurements. They may vary depending on the specific installation conditions.

[0118] The maximum span of the modular lightweight construction system can be easily extended as required using a beam system. This beam system transfers the resulting vertical loads downwards into the foundation via the vertical posts 1.

[0119] In this way, floor plan dimensions of any length and width can be accommodated. For the load-bearing elements 8 and the lightweight construction systems 5 to 7 formed from them, isolated vertical support columns are sufficient. Load-bearing walls are not necessary.

[0120] The stiffening effect of the surface structure 5 to 7 ensures that the horizontal deformations of the building - in conjunction with the load-bearing facade system as an overall static model - are very small.

[0121] Multi-layer panels made of different materials can be used to infill the load-bearing elements and can be attached using simple drilling or sheet metal screw connections.

[0122] The Fig. 41 and Fig. 42 show two further possibilities for stiffening the supporting elements 8. The stiffening is achieved by means of a cross-braced cable bracing 77, which is referred to as bracing for the sake of simplicity. The difference between the two bracings 77 is only that in the embodiment according to Fig. 41 the bracing 77 extends over the entire length of the support element 8, while in the embodiment according to Fig. 42 the bracing extends only over half the length of the supporting element. Therefore, the supporting element 8 is Fig. 42 is provided with two such bracings 77.

[0123] The support element 8 itself is essentially designed according to the described embodiments.

[0124] As from Fig. As can be seen in Figure 43, the cross struts 22 of the supporting element 8 are provided with through-holes 78 through which two cables 79, 80 of the bracing 77 pass. The two parts 79, 80 cross each other halfway along the length of the supporting element 8.

[0125] The ends of the cables 79, 80 are attached to the corner areas of the supporting element 8.

[0126] Based on Fig. 44 describes a preferred fastening option. A flat retaining piece 81 is attached, preferably welded, to the connecting piece 16. It has a triangular shape and is attached to the two legs 16a, 16b. The retaining piece 81 extends perpendicular to the legs 16a, 16b and rests flat against the legs with its edges. To ensure secure fastening, the retaining piece 81 extends across the entire width of the legs 16a, 16b of the connecting piece 16.

[0127] The holding piece 81 is provided on the connecting piece 16 in such a way that it is spaced from the upper or lower edge of the connecting piece 16.

[0128] The cable 79 is held on the sloping front side 82 of the holding piece 81. A U-shaped bracket 86 is attached to the cable end, with both legs 86a, 86b enclosing the holding piece 81. The bracket 86 is secured to the holding piece 81 by means of a holding element 84, preferably a retaining bolt. The holding element 84 extends through the legs 83a, 83b of the holding element 83 and the holding piece 81.

[0129] The bracket 86 is rotatable about the axis of the holding element 84 so that the cable 79 can be perfectly aligned in the supporting element 8.

[0130] In the manner described, the ends of all ropes are attached to the connecting pieces 16 in the corners of the supporting element 8.

[0131] The cables 79, 80 can each consist of a single piece, so that only two cables are required for the bracing 77. In the illustrated embodiment, each cable 79, 80 consists of two cable sections 79a, 79b; 80a, 80b. This allows for easier installation of the bracing 77 in the supporting element 8.

[0132] One end of the cable sections 79a, 79b; 80a, 80b are connected in the manner described via the holding pieces 81 to the corner connecting pieces 16. Approximately halfway along the length of the supporting element 8, the other ends of the cable sections are connected to holding pieces 85 ( Fig. 43 and Fig. 45). The flat holding piece 85 is suitably attached to one of the connecting pieces 24, with which the cross struts 22 are connected to the longitudinal stiffener 17 in the manner described. The cable sections 79a, 79b; 80a, 80b are connected via U-shaped brackets 86, whose legs 86a, 86b encompass the holding piece 85. The legs 86a, 86b and the holding piece 85 are penetrated by a holding element 87, which is advantageously a retaining bolt. The bracket 86 can be pivoted about the axis of this holding element 87, so that the cable sections can be easily aligned within the support element 8.

[0133] The holding piece 85 serves to connect the two cable sections 79b and 80a. On the other side of the longitudinal stiffener 17 there is another holding piece, to which the other cable sections 79a and 80b are connected in the same way.

[0134] With the cross-braced cable bracing 77, a high bending stiffness of the supporting element 8 is achieved in a simple manner.

[0135] While the cables 79, 80 in the described embodiment extend between diagonally opposite corner regions of the support element 8 ( Fig. 41), the support element 8 can also be provided with two such bracings 77 ( Fig. 42). In this case, a total of four cables 79, 80 are used, one end of which is fastened in the corner areas of the supporting element 8 in the manner described. The other ends of the cables 79, 80 are connected in the area of ​​the connection of the central cross strut 22 with the longitudinal rails 10 of the supporting element 8. The connection can be provided in the same way as in the corner areas of the supporting element 8. However, it is also possible to fasten these ends of the cables 79, 80 in the manner described in the Fig. 43 and Fig. 45 using the flat retaining pieces 85. These are provided in this case on the connecting pieces 25 ( Fig. 6), via which the cross struts 22 are connected to the rails 10.

[0136] Fig. Figure 46 shows the possibility of designing the rails 10 with non-mirror symmetry in cross-section. In this embodiment, the upper edge sections 13 of the rail 10 in the installation position of the support element 8 are longer than the lower edge sections 13. Otherwise, the rails 10 are designed identically to the previously described embodiment of the rail 10.

Claims

[1] Supporting element for the construction of ceilings and / or floors of buildings, with an angular, preferably rectangular frame (10, 15) surrounding at least one functional means, and with an upper and a lower side, characterized by that the support element (8) is trough-shaped at least on its upper and / or lower side and has at least one projecting edge (10) on this side, which is provided with at least one mounting opening (29) passing through it. [2] Supporting element according to claim 1, characterized by that the frame (10, 15) is formed from plug-in parts. [3] Supporting element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the frame (10, 15) is formed by profile rails. [4] Supporting element according to claim 3, characterized by that the profile rails (10, 15) are roll-formed steel profile parts. [5] Supporting element according to claim 3, characterized bythat the profile rails (10, 15) are aluminum or wooden profiles with corresponding profiling. [6] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the profile rails (10, 15) are connected to one another at their ends by connecting pieces (16). [7] Supporting element according to claim 6, characterized by that the connecting pieces (16) are angle pieces with angular, preferably perpendicular, legs (16a, 16b) which are fastened to the inside of the profile rails (10, 15). [8] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the profile rails (10, 15) are C-shaped and have a web (11) which connects two transversely projecting legs (12) which merge into edge sections (13) running towards one another. [9] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized bythat the frame has longitudinal rails (10) and transverse rails (15) which are formed by the profile rails. [10] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the frame (10, 15) is provided with at least one stiffener (17, 22, 77). [11] Supporting element according to claim 10, characterized by that the stiffener (17) is at least one longitudinal stiffener which connects opposite frame sides to one another. [12] Supporting element according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by that the stiffener has at least one transverse stiffener (22). [13] Supporting element according to claim 12, characterized by that the transverse stiffener (22) connects the longitudinal stiffener (17) to opposite frame sides. [14] Supporting element according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized by that the longitudinal stiffener (17) is formed by two adjacent profile rails (10). [15] Supporting element according to claim 14, characterized by that the profile rails (10) of the longitudinal stiffener (17) are fastened at their ends to the frame sides lying transversely to them by angular connecting elements (18). [16] Supporting element according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized by that the transverse stiffener (22) is formed by profile rails, the ends of which are pushed onto connecting pieces (24, 25) on the longitudinal stiffener (17) and on the opposite frame sides and are firmly connected to them. [17] Supporting element according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized by that the stiffener (77) is a cross-braced cable bracing. [18] Supporting element according to claim 17, characterized by that the cross-bracing cable tensioning (77) has at least two crossing cables (79, 80), the ends of which are fastened to the frame (10, 15) within the supporting element (8). [19] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized bythat coupling elements (36) are provided on the outer sides of frame parts for connecting the supporting element (8) to a building structure. [20] Supporting element according to claim 19, characterized by that the coupling element (36) is an angle piece with two angular, preferably perpendicular, legs (36a, 36b) of which one leg (36a) is fastened to the outside of the frame part. [21] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized by that the projecting edge (10) of the frames (10, 15) has a support (14) for at least one cover part (28). [22] Supporting element according to claim 21, characterized by that the support (14) is formed by the angled free ends of the edge sections (13) of the profile rails (10, 15). [23] Supporting element according to claim 21 or 22, characterized by that the support (14) is located in the area below the mounting opening (29). [24] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized by that parts of building installations are accommodated in the supporting element (8). [25] Supporting element according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized by that connecting elements (30) are inserted through the mounting opening (29) with which adjacent support elements (8) are connected to one another. [26] Supporting element according to claim 25, characterized by that the connecting element (30) has a screw sleeve (31) which is provided at one end with a transversely projecting stop (32) and into which a screw spindle (34) can be screwed, preferably with the aid of an angle screwdriver (33).

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