Method for heating a fuel cell system, fuel cell system, computer program product, computer-readable medium and data carrier signal

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for heating a fuel cell system (100) during a cold start or frost start, wherein the fuel cell system (100) comprises a fuel cell stack (10), an electrical energy interface (200), a cathode gas path (20) for supplying the fuel cell stack (10) with a cathode gas, and at least one electrical auxiliary load (90), wherein the method comprises, as steps, monitoring (420) an electrical system power demand (Pcharge_max*) requested at the electrical energy interface (200), controlling (440) the fuel cell stack (10) to a first operating point with a predetermined target current (iStck*) and a predetermined target voltage (UStck*), wherein the fuel cell stack (10) provides an actual electrical stack power (PStack), and controlling (460) at least the cathode gas compressor (21) at least as a function of the monitored,The requested electrical system power (PCharge_max*) is such that the actual electrical stack power (PStack) provided by the fuel cell stack (10) controlled to the first operating point is divided between the requested electrical system power (Pcharge_max*), a cathode gas compressor power (Pcmpr), and an auxiliary consumer power (Paux).

Description

The present invention relates to a method for heating a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system, a computer program product, a computer-readable medium and a data carrier signal.During the operation of fuel cells or of a fuel cell stack, the cold start (start at an ambient temperature of 0° C. to 25° C.) and the frost start (start at an ambient temperature below 0° C.) may be problematic. Thus, the fuel cell system can be operated less efficiently at low temperatures. For this reason, there is a need, among other things, to bring the fuel cell system as quickly as possible to an operating temperature at which the system has a particularly high efficiency. Furthermore, a charging limit of a battery of a vehicle electrically connected to the fuel cell stack can be limited or "pulled-in" at ambient temperatures of below 25° C. and the battery can therefore be charged only to a limited extent, i.e. with low current intensities or low power.It is an object of the present invention to at least partially eliminate the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide a method or a fuel cell system in which a heating of a fuel cell system takes place particularly easily and / or particularly quickly, in particular taking into account a charge limit of an electrical energy store.The above object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a fuel cell system having the features of claim 8 and a computer program product, a computer readable medium and a data carrier signal having the features of claim 9, 10 and 11, respectively. Features and details which are described in connection with the method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention and / or the computer program product and / or the computer readable medium and / or the data carrier signal and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure reference is or can always be made reciprocally to the individual aspects of the invention.According to a first aspect, the present invention shows a method, in particular a computer-implemented method, for heating a fuel cell system, in particular in the event of a frost start and / or a cold start, wherein the fuel cell system has a fuel cell stack. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises an electrical energy interface for transmitting at least a part of an electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack at least to an electrical energy store. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises a cathode gas path for supplying the fuel cell stack with a cathode gas, wherein a cathode gas compressor is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises at least one electrical auxiliary consumer or a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers for the operation of the fuel cell system. The method comprises as one step monitoring a demand system electrical power demanded at the electrical power interface. The method further comprises, as a step, controlling, in particular regulating, the fuel cell stack to a first operating point with a predefined target current and a predefined target voltage, wherein the fuel cell stack provides an actual stack electric power. The method further comprises, in particular as a step, controlling, in particular regulating, at least the cathode gas compressor at least as a function of the monitored, requested electrical request system power in such a way that the actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack controlled to the first operating point is divided at least into the requested electrical request system power, a cathode gas compressor power of the cathode gas compressor and an auxiliary consumer power of the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer, wherein preferably the actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack controlled to the first operating point is divided only into the requested electrical request system power, the cathode gas compressor power of the cathode gas compressor and the auxiliary consumer power of the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer.The method steps described above and in the following can, if technically expedient, be carried out individually, together, simply, multiple times, in parallel in terms of time and / or one after the other in any order.The fuel cell stack may be a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack.A cold start is understood in particular to mean a start or a startup of the fuel cell system at an ambient temperature of 0° C. to 25° C. Frost start is understood in particular to mean a start or startup of the fuel cell system at an ambient temperature below 0° C.The electrical energy interface is in particular an electrical interface of the fuel cell system for transmitting the at least part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack or for providing at least part of the electrical (actual) stack power provided by the fuel cell stack to an external system arranged "outside" of the fuel cell system, wherein the external system comprises, for example, an electrical energy store. In particular, the fuel cell system comprises only a single electrical energy interface for transmitting the at least a part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack to an external system arranged "outside" the fuel cell system. The "remaining" part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack or of the (actual) stack power provided is consumed in particular by the fuel cell system itself. The transmission of the at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack may be performed using a DC-DC converter. The electrical energy store can also be understood as an electrochemical energy store, in particular as a battery. The battery may be a high-voltage battery of a vehicle. The requested system electric power may be understood as an electric power requested by the exterior system at the fuel cell stack system.Controlling the fuel cell stack to the first operating point with the predetermined target current and the predetermined target voltage may be understood as controlling the fuel cell stack. Controlling at least the cathode gas compressor at least as a function of the monitored, requested electrical request system power in such a way that the actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack controlled to the first operating point is divided into the requested electrical request system power, the cathode gas compressor power of the cathode gas compressor and the secondary consumer power can also be understood as controlling the cathode gas compressor.In particular, the first operating point can be specified or determined with the specified target current and the specified target voltage as a function of an external temperature and / or a charge limit of the electrical energy store and / or the requested electrical request system power. The external temperature can also be understood as an ambient temperature, for example of the fuel cell system or of a vehicle.By controlling, in particular controlling and holding, the fuel cell stack to the first operating point with the predefined target current and the predefined target voltage, the fuel cell stack can be heated, in particular heated uniformly and / or particularly rapidly, independently of the electrical requirement system power requested at the electrical energy interface. The actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack controlled to the first operating point is divided here into the requested electrical request system power, the cathode gas compressor power of the cathode gas compressor and an auxiliary consumer power of the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer, wherein in particular in the event of a change, for example an increase, in the requested electrical request system power only the cathode gas compressor power or the cathode gas compressor power and the auxiliary consumer power are adapted. The cathode gas compressor can thus act as a (positive and / or negative) power buffer. Advantageously, a large power range can be buffered particularly easily with the cathode gas compressor. Furthermore, no more electrical power is thus provided at the electrical energy interface than is requested (requested electrical request system power), and a charge limit of the electrical energy store is thus taken into account, such that a service life of the electrical energy store can be particularly long.In a method according to the invention, it can be advantageous that the first operating point of the fuel cell stack is an operating point of the fuel cell stack at which the thermal output of the fuel cell stack is greater than the provided electrical actual stack output. Thus, heating up of the fuel cell stack can take place particularly quickly and the actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack and to be "distributed" can be kept particularly low in the event of a cold start or frost start. In a method according to the invention, it can furthermore be advantageous that the fuel cell stack has a multiplicity of fuel cells arranged on one another, wherein the target voltage of the first operating point of the fuel cell stack, in particular of a PEM fuel cell stack, is predefined in such a way that the multiplicity of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack, in particular of the PEM fuel cell stack, each have a voltage between 0.2 to 0.4 volts, preferably a voltage between 0.2 to 0.3 volts. Thus, the thermal output of a PEM fuel cell stack may be particularly high and the provided actual electrical stack output of the PEM fuel cell stack may be kept particularly low. A heating duration of the fuel cell stack can thus be kept particularly low.In a method according to the invention, it may be advantageous that at least one cathode gas valve for controlling a flow of the cathode gas is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path of the fuel cell system, wherein the cathode gas compressor is controlled at least in cooperation with the at least one cathode gas valve at least as a function of the monitored, requested electrical request system power in such a way that the actual electrical stack power provided by the fuel cell stack is divided into the requested electrical request system power, the cathode gas compressor power and the auxiliary consumer power. Thus, the fuel cell stack can be particularly easily maintained at the first operating point at a changing requested electrical demand system power. If the demanded electrical demand system power increases over time, for example on account of a widened charging limit of the electrical energy store, then the cathode gas compressor can be actuated, for example, in such a way that its rotational speed decreases, wherein a position of the cathode gas valve is additionally changed. The cathode gas valve is arranged in particular fluidically between the cathode gas compressor and a cathode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack. In a method according to the invention, it can be advantageous that the target current of the fuel cell stack is controlled to the first operating point by means of the cathode gas valve. In particular, a change in the position of the cathode gas valve changes the air flow of the cathode gas and ensures a voltage increase or a voltage drop of the fuel cell stack, wherein a DC-DC converter of the fuel cell system adjusts the actual current of the DC-DC converter or of the fuel cell stack on the basis of the control target of the target voltage of the fuel cell stack. In other words, the cathode gas valve has in particular the regulating task of regulating the current which the DC-DC converter sets to the target current of the fuel cell stack of the (first) operating point. Thus, an air depletion in the fuel cell stack can be ensured in a particularly simple manner and a specific target air stoichiometry, for example of approximately λ=1, can be observed.In a method according to the invention, it can be advantageous that the fuel cell system has a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers, wherein none of the plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers is a passive power sink. Due to the power buffering by the cathode gas compressor, a passive power sink, for example a heating element dedicated for heating, can be dispensed with. The fuel cell system can thus be designed in a particularly simple manner. Furthermore, the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer or the plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers for the operation of the fuel cell system can be a sensor for detecting a physical variable of the fuel cell system, for example a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, etc., and / or an actuator for changing a physical variable in the fuel cell system, for example a cooling fluid conveyor arranged fluidically in a cooling fluid path of the fuel cell system for the purpose of controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and / or a control device for controlling at least the fuel cell system.In a method according to the invention, it can be advantageous that at least the cathode gas compressor output of the cathode gas compressor is reduced if the requested electrical request system output at the electrical energy interface increases and / or that at least the cathode gas compressor output of the cathode gas compressor is increased if the requested electrical request system output at the electrical energy interface decreases. A change in the requested electrical demand system power at the electrical energy interface can thus be counteracted in a particularly simple manner and the fuel cell stack can be kept at the first operating point.According to a second aspect, the present invention shows a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system is electrically connected to an electrical energy store via an electrical energy interface. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and the electrical energy interface for transmitting at least a portion of an electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack at least to the electrical energy store. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises a cathode gas path for supplying the fuel cell stack with a cathode gas, wherein at least one cathode gas compressor is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises at least one electrical auxiliary consumer or a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers for the operation of the fuel cell system. Furthermore, the fuel cell system comprises a control device, wherein the control device is at least designed to monitor an electrical request system power requested at the electrical energy interface and to control the fuel cell system. In particular, the fuel cell system is designed to carry out a method according to the invention.The fuel cell system can be used or used in a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, for example a passenger car, a truck or a motorcycle.Furthermore, the fuel cell system can have a DC-DC converter for transmitting the at least part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack or for providing the electrical request system power requested at the electrical energy interface. The DC-DC converter can form at least a part of the control device of the fuel cell system.The fuel cell system according to the second aspect of the invention thus has the same advantages as have already been described with respect to the method according to the first aspect of the invention.According to further aspects, the present invention provides a computer program product, a computer-readable medium and a data carrier signal, wherein the computer program product, the computer-readable medium and the data carrier signal have the same advantages as have already been described with respect to the method according to the first aspect of the invention or the fuel cell system according to the second aspect of the invention or the computer program product or the computer-readable medium or the data carrier signal according to the further aspects of the invention.The computer program product comprises instructions, in particular instructions, wherein the instructions, in particular instructions, cause a fuel cell system according to the invention to execute a method according to the invention. The computer program product can be implemented as computer-readable instruction code in any suitable programming language, such as in JAVA, C++, etc., wherein, in particular, the instruction code of the computer program product can program a computer or other programmable devices such as a control device of a vehicle according to the invention in such a way that the desired functions are executed.The computer program product can be realized both by means of instruction code, i.e. software (computer program), and by means of one or more special electronic circuits, i.e. in hardware, or in any hybrid form, i.e. by means of software components and hardware components.The computer program product can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium, for example a volatile or non-volatile memory and / or a processor of the control device.Furthermore, the computer program product can be provided in a network such as, for example, the Internet, from which it can be downloaded by a user if necessary, wherein, in particular, when downloading the computer program product, the data carrier signal transmits the computer program product according to the invention.Further measures which improve the invention will become apparent from the following description of some exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are schematically illustrated in the figures. All features and / or advantages arising from the claims, the description or the drawings, including structural details, spatial arrangements and method steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in the various combinations. It should be noted that the figures are merely descriptive in nature and are not intended to limit the invention in any form.They show schematically: FIG. 1 shows a method, FIG. 2 shows a method, FIG. 3 shows a fuel cell system, and FIG. 4 shows a control loop.In the following figures, identical reference numerals are also used for the same technical features of different exemplary embodiments.FIG. 1 schematically discloses a method for heating a fuel cell system ( 100) in the event of a cold start or frost start, wherein the fuel cell system ( 100) is configured, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 3.The method comprises as one step monitoring (420) a request system electrical power (P Charge_max*). requested at the electrical power interface (200). Furthermore, as a step, the method comprises checking (440), in particular checking and holding (440, the fuel cell stack (10) at a first operating point with a predefined target current (i Stck*) and a predefined target voltage (U Stck*), wherein the fuel cell stack (10) provides an actual stack electrical power (P Stack), and wherein at least the cathode gas compressor (21) is checked (460) in such a way at least as a function of the monitored, requested request system electrical power (P Charge_max*), the actual stack electric power (P Stack) provided by the fuel cell stack (10) controlled to the first operating point is divided into the requested request system electric power (P charge_max*), a cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) and an auxiliary consumer power (P aux) of the at least one auxiliary electric consumer (90).It can be further advantageous in the method illustrated in FIG. 1 that the first operating point of the fuel cell stack ( 10) is an operating point of the fuel cell stack ( 10) at which the thermal output of the fuel cell stack ( 10) is greater than the provided electrical actual stack output (P Stack). In particular, the fuel cell stack ( 10) is a PEM fuel cell stack and has a multiplicity of fuel cells arranged on one another, wherein the target voltage (U Stck*) of the first operating point of the fuel cell stack ( 10) is predefined in such a way that the multiplicity of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack ( 10) each have a voltage between 0.2 and 0.4 volts.In the method illustrated in FIG. 1, it can furthermore be advantageous that the fuel cell system ( 10) has a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers ( 90), wherein none of the plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers ( 90) is a passive power sink.It can be further advantageous in the method illustrated in FIG. 1 that at least the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) is reduced if the requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*) at the electrical energy interface (200) increases and / or that at least the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) is increased if the requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*) at the electrical energy interface (200) decreases.FIG. 2 schematically discloses a further method, in particular as already described with reference to FIG. 1, wherein the fuel cell system ( 100) is configured, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 3. In the cathode gas path (20) of the fuel cell system (100), at least one cathode gas valve (22) for controlling a flow of the cathode gas can be arranged fluidically, wherein the cathode gas compressor (21) is controlled (461), at least in cooperation with the at least one cathode gas valve (22), at least as a function of the monitored, requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*) in such a way that the actual electrical stack power (P Stack) provided by the fuel cell stack (10) is divided into the requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*), the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) and the auxiliary consumer power (P aux). As a further step, in particular as an initial step, the method can have a detection ( 410) of a cold start / frost start, for example based on a determined external temperature or ambient temperature. In the method illustrated in FIG. 2, it can be further advantageous if the target current (i Stck*) of the fuel cell stack ( 10) is regulated ( 462) into the first operating point using the cathode gas valve ( 22).FIG. 3 schematically discloses a fuel cell system (100, dashed frame), wherein the fuel cell system (100) is electrically connected to an electrical energy store (300) via an electrical energy interface (200) by means of a DC-DC converter (210) of the electrical fuel cell system (100). In particular, the fuel cell system ( 100) is designed to carry out or carry out a method as described with respect to the other figures. The fuel cell system (100) comprises a cathode gas path (20, solid line) for supplying the fuel cell stack (10) with a cathode gas, wherein at least one cathode gas compressor (21) and one cathode gas valve (22) are arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path (20). Furthermore, the fuel cell system ( 100) comprises at least one electrical auxiliary consumer ( 90) or a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers ( 90), for example a cooling fluid conveyor ( 31) arranged in a cooling fluid path ( 30, solid line) and / or a control device ( 91) for the operation of the fuel cell system ( 100). Furthermore, the fuel cell system (100) comprises a fuel cell stack (10) and the electrical energy interface (200) for transmitting at least part of an electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack (10) at least to the electrical energy store (300) of an external system, i.e. in particular outside the fuel cell system (100), or for providing an electrical request system power (P Charge_max*). requested by the external system. The "remaining" part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack ( 10) or of the (actual) stack power provided is consumed or provided in particular by a cathode gas compressor ( 21) and the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer ( 90) or the plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers ( 90) of the fuel cell system ( 100) itself. Furthermore, the fuel cell system (100) comprises a control device (91), wherein the control device (91) is at least designed to monitor an electrical requirement system power (P Charge_max*) required at the electrical energy interface (200) and to control the fuel cell system (100), in particular to control the components of the fuel cell system (100), such as for example the cathode gas compressor (21) and / or the cathode gas valve (22) and / or the DC converter (210) and / or to communicate with them (dash-dot lines).FIG. 4 schematically discloses a control circuit for having a fuel cell system ( 100) as described, for example, with respect to FIG. 3 carry out a method as described, for example, with respect to the further figures. The control loop comprises a regulator 1 ( 71), a regulator 2 ( 72), a regulator 3 ( 73), a regulator 4 ( 74) and a regulator 5 ( 75). Furthermore, the cathode gas valve ( 22), the cathode gas compressor ( 21) and power electronics ( 211) of the DC-DC converter ( 210) form respective actuators. In particular, the cathode gas valve ( 22) is used to regulate the target current (i Stck*) of the fuel cell stack ( 10).List of reference charactersi Stck* target current fuel cell stack i DCDC* target current DC converter (is intended to correspond in particular to the target current of the fuel cell stack) i DCDC actual current DC converter (fuel cell stack) i q* ( torque-forming) target current cathode gas compressor i q( torque-forming) actual current cathode gas compressor u q* target voltage cathode gas compressor U Stck* target voltage fuel cell stack U Stck actual voltage fuel cell stack P Stack actual stack power P Charge_max* Demand system power P cmpr Cathode gas compressor power P aux Secondary consumer power posn civ* Position specification Cathode gas valve η DCDC Efficiency DC converter ω Cmpr Rotational speed Cathode gas compressor Air Air mass flow 10 Fuel cell stack 20 Cathode gas path 21 Cathode gas compressor 22 Cathode gas valve 30 Cooling fluid path 31 Cooling fluid conveyor 71 Controller 1 72 Controller 2 73 Controller 3 74 Controller 4 75 Controller 5 90 Secondary consumer 91 Control device 100 Fuel cell system 200 Energy interface 210 DC converter 211 Power electronics DC converter 300 Energy store 410 Detection of a cold start / frost start 420 Monitoring of a demand system power 440 Control Control the cathode gas compressor 461 Control the cathode gas compressor together with the cathode gas valve at operating point 460

Claims

Method for heating a fuel cell system (100) in the event of a cold start or frost start, wherein the fuel cell system (100) has: - a fuel cell stack (10), - an electrical energy interface (200) for transmitting at least part of an electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack (10) at least to an electrical energy store (300), - a cathode gas path (20) for supplying the fuel cell stack (10) with a cathode gas, wherein a cathode gas compressor (21) is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path (20), - at least one electrical auxiliary consumer (90) for operating the fuel cell system (100), and wherein the method has: - monitoring (420) an electrical requirement system power (P charge_max*), required at the electrical energy interface (200), monitoring (440) the fuel cell stack (10) for a first operating point with a predefined target current (i Stck*) and a predefined target voltage (U Stck*), wherein the fuel cell stack (10) provides an actual stack electrical power (P Stack), - monitoring (460) at least the cathode gas compressor (21) at least as a function of the monitored, requested request electrical system power (P Charge_max*) in such a way that the actual stack electrical power (P Stack) provided by the fuel cell stack (10) controlled to the first operating point is controlled to the requested request electrical system power (P Charge_max*), a cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) and an auxiliary consumer power (P aux) of the at least one electrical auxiliary consumer (90) are divided.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first operating point of the fuel cell stack (10) is an operating point of the fuel cell stack (10) at which the thermal output of the fuel cell stack (10) is greater than the provided electrical actual stack output (P Stack).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel cell stack (10) has a multiplicity of fuel cells arranged on one another, wherein the target voltage (U Stck*) of the first operating point of the fuel cell stack (10) is predefined in such a way that the multiplicity of fuel cells of the fuel cell stack (10) each have a voltage between 0.2 and 0.4 volts.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one cathode gas valve (22) for controlling a flow of the cathode gas is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path (20) of the fuel cell system (100), wherein the cathode gas compressor (21) is controlled (461) at least in cooperation with the at least one cathode gas valve (22) at least as a function of the monitored, requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*) in such a way that the actual electrical stack power (P Stack) provided by the fuel cell stack (10) is controlled (461) to the requested electrical request system power (P Charge_max*), the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) and the auxiliary consumer power (P aux) are divided.Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the cathode gas valve (22) is used to regulate (462) the target current (i Stck*) of the fuel cell stack (10) into the first operating point.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel cell system (10) has a plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers (90), wherein none of the plurality of electrical auxiliary consumers (90) is a passive power sink.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) is reduced if the required electrical requirement system power (P Charge_max*) at the electrical energy interface (200) increases and / or in that at least the cathode gas compressor power (P cmpr) of the cathode gas compressor (21) is increased if the required electrical requirement system power (P Charge_max*) at the electrical energy interface (200) decreases.Fuel cell system (100), wherein the fuel cell system (100) is electrically connected to an electrical energy store (300) via an electrical energy interface (200), wherein the fuel cell system (100) has: - a fuel cell stack (10), - the electrical energy interface (200) for transmitting at least part of an electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack (10) at least to the electrical energy store (300), - a cathode gas path (20) for supplying the fuel cell stack (10) with a cathode gas, wherein at least one cathode gas compressor (21) is arranged fluidically in the cathode gas path (20), - at least one electrical auxiliary consumer (90) for operating the fuel cell system (100), - a control device (91), and wherein the control device (91) is at least designed to, monitoring an electrical request system power (P Charge_max*) requested at the electrical energy interface (200) and monitoring the fuel cell system (100), and wherein in particular the fuel cell system (100) is configured to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims.A computer program product, the computer program product comprising instructions, the instructions causing a fuel cell system (100) according to claim 8 to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.A computer readable medium, the computer readable medium having stored thereon the computer program product of claim 9.A data carrier signal, wherein the data carrier signal transmits the computer program product of claim 9.

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