Industrial forklift truck with one functional component
Patent Information
- Application Number
- DE102023120609
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-06
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
The invention relates to an industrial industrial truck having at least one functional component and to a method for evaluating at least one physical load parameter of the functional component of the industrial truck.Industrial trucks are often used for the transport and storage of products, goods and materials, for example in intralogistics, i.e. the internal material flow. Industrial trucks in the life cycle from production to scrapping can conventionally be considered individual vehicles which can be constructed from functional components newly produced for the industrial trucks. After the use phase, the industrial trucks can be scrapped and the functional components can be recycled, if at all, so that at least the base materials or materials of the functional components can be recycled. The reuse of base materials or materials of the functional components can lead to a lower quality, for example due to contamination (also referred to as "downcycling"), and can be associated with a high energy consumption. A high energy consumption can, for example, produce an undesirable factor for climate changes due to a related release of CO 2.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an industrial industrial truck and a method which allow energy-efficient recycling of functional components of the industrial truck.According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by an industrial industrial truck having at least one functional component, a memory which is fixedly assigned to one or more functional components; at least one sensor which is designed to record a physical load parameter of the functional component when the industrial truck is loaded, a processor which is designed to store the recorded physical load parameter in the memory, and a communication interface for providing the physical load parameter stored in the memory.The functional component can be removed from the industrial truck at the end of the use phase of the industrial truck in order to reuse the removed functional component for the construction of new industrial trucks, for example after cleaning and optical workup. Thus, a corresponding functional component of the new industrial truck no longer has to be produced from basic materials and / or from recycled materials in a resource-intensive and energy-intensive manner. In this case, provision can be made to evaluate whether the functional component has not yet arrived at the end of the service life, for example with regard to the strength.The functional component can be, for example, a component of the industrial truck which is only subject to marginal wear during operation of the industrial truck, i.e. when the industrial truck is loaded. For example, the functional component can have an expected service life when installed in the industrial truck, which service life is greater than an expected service life and / or expected service life of the industrial truck. The industrial truck is therefore no longer viewed in isolation over its life cycle, but rather is viewed as part of a fleet of industrial trucks which comprises new industrial trucks to be produced, as well as industrial trucks in the use phase and industrial trucks at the end of the use phase.By means of an industrial truck according to the first aspect, a reduction in the energy consumption for the production of new industrial trucks, a resource saving and protection of the environment can be achieved by reducing the recovery of raw materials. This also makes it possible, for example, to comply with the requirements of the EU Green Deal and reduced manufacturing costs of the new industrial trucks.The industrial industrial truck can be an autonomously, partially autonomously and / or manually operated industrial truck, for example a forklift or an industrial robot.The functional component can be arranged in the industrial truck in an exchangeable manner, in particular in a modular exchangeable manner, for example. Furthermore, for example, the processor, the memory and / or the communication interface can be flexibly wired via plug connectors or plug contacts.The load on the industrial truck can comprise, for example, an actuation of a fluid power system of the industrial truck, in particular for raising or lowering a load, and / or a movement of the industrial truck and / or a carrying of a load by the industrial truck.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed to record the physical load parameter exclusively when the industrial truck is loaded.The physical load parameter can thus be particularly meaningful or representative of an aging of the functional component.In one embodiment, the functional component comprises the memory or the memory is integrated in the functional component or the memory is exclusively assigned to the functional component.If the functional component comprises the memory or if the memory is integrated in the functional component, then the memory formed in the functional component can enable spatially close storage of the physical load parameter detected by the sensor. If the memory is exclusively assigned to the functional component, the physical load parameter stored in the memory can be unambiguously assigned to the functional component and data integrity of the physical load parameter stored in the memory can be ensured. Thus, in each case, for example when the functional component is removed from the industrial industrial truck, access to the physical load parameter can be carried out efficiently. Thus, the load, i.e. the physical load parameters, can be summed directly in the memory, for example over a plurality of use cycles of the functional component in different industrial trucks.In one embodiment, the memory and the communication interface are formed in the functional component.The memory formed in the functional component enables a spatially close storage of the physical load parameter detected by the sensor. Thus, for example when removing the functional component from the industrial industrial truck, access to the physical load parameter can be carried out efficiently. Thus, the load, i.e. the physical load parameters, can be summed directly in the memory, for example over a plurality of use cycles of the functional component in different industrial trucks.The communication interface formed in the functional component enables, for example when the functional component is removed from the industrial industrial truck, efficient access to the physical load parameter stored in the memory, for example by a reading device.In one embodiment, the communication interface is designed to transmit the detected physical load parameter via a communication network to a remote data evaluation device.The remote data evaluation device can be a cloud server, for example. The cloud server can be designed, for example, to simulate the functional component, in particular by digital twining of the functional component. Furthermore, the cloud server may be configured to store the physical load parameter. If each utilization cycle of the functional component is detected in the cloud server, the physical load parameter can be tracked over a plurality of utilization cycles in the cloud server.In one embodiment, the physical load parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: electrical current intensity, electrical voltage, frequency of an electrical signal, electrical resistance, oscillation frequency, pressure, in particular hydraulic pressure, temperature, rotational speed, mechanical deformation of the functional component, centrifugal force, centrifugal force, acceleration, number of actuations, operating hours, load hours.Aging of the functional component can thus be determined directly or indirectly by the correspondingly specified physical load parameter, such that it is possible to determine whether the correspondingly specified functional component can be reused.In one embodiment, the functional component is one of the following functional components: housing, in particular electronics housing or drive unit housing, vehicle frame, counterweight, in particular rear weight, pendulum axle suspension, pendulum axle base body, seal, fluid hose, in particular hydraulic hose, fluid pipe, hydraulic cylinder, insulation, cable, power electronics, control electronics, rotor of a drive unit, fan blade, vehicle window, holder, valve.Aging of the correspondingly specified functional component can thus be determined, so that it can be determined whether the correspondingly specified functional component can be reused.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is an electronics housing, a drive unit housing, a vehicle frame or a pendulum axle suspension or a counterweight of the industrial truck, to detect a mechanical deformation and / or an acceleration of the functional component as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a housing, a seal, a fluid hose, in particular a hydraulic hose, a fluid pipe, an insulation or a cable of the industrial truck, to record a temperature of the functional component as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is power electronics or control electronics of the industrial truck, to record a temperature, an electric current intensity, an electric voltage and / or a frequency of an electric signal of the functional component as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a drive unit housing, a hydraulic hose, a hydraulic cylinder, a vehicle frame or a pendulum axle suspension or a counterweight of the industrial truck, to record a pressure, in particular a hydraulic pressure, of a fluid power system of the industrial truck as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a rotor of a drive unit or a fan blade of the industrial truck, to record a mechanical deformation and / or a rotational speed and / or a centrifugal force and / or a centrifugal force and / or an acceleration and / or a temperature of the functional component as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a pendulum axle base body of the industrial truck, to detect, as physical load parameters, a mechanical deformation of the functional component and / or an acceleration of the functional component and / or a pressure, in particular a hydraulic pressure, of a fluid power system of the industrial truck.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a vehicle window of the industrial truck, to record, as physical load parameters, an oscillation frequency, a pressure and / or a mechanical deformation of the functional component.In one embodiment, if the functional component is a cable of the industrial truck, the at least one sensor is designed to record a temperature and / or an electric current intensity and / or an electric voltage and / or an electric resistance of the functional component as physical load parameters.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a holder for components of the industrial truck, to detect a mechanical deformation and / or an oscillation frequency of the functional component as physical load parameters.The holder of the industrial truck can be designed, for example, to hold a further functional component of the industrial truck. The further functional component can be, for example, one of the following functional components: housing, in particular electronics housing or drive unit housing, vehicle frame, counterweight, in particular rear weight, pendulum axle suspension, pendulum axle base body, seal, fluid hose, in particular hydraulic hose, fluid pipe, hydraulic cylinder, insulation, cable, power electronics, control electronics, rotor of a drive unit, fan blade, vehicle window, valve.In one embodiment, the at least one sensor is designed, if the functional component is a valve of the industrial truck, to record an actuation number of the functional component as physical load parameters.According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method for evaluating at least one physical load parameter of a functional component of an industrial truck according to the first aspect, wherein the industrial truck further comprises a memory which is permanently assigned to the functional component, at least one sensor which is designed to record the at least one physical load parameter of the functional component when the industrial truck is loaded, a processor which is designed to store the at least one recorded physical load parameter in the memory, and a communication interface for providing the at least one physical load parameter stored in the memory, wherein the method comprises: receiving the at least one physical load parameter of the functional component from the communication interface of the industrial truck in order to obtain at least one actual value of the load of the functional component, determining a deviation based on a comparison of the at least one actual value of the load of the functional component with at least one reference load value of the functional component, determining a remaining service life of the functional component based on the determined deviation, classifying the functional component into a first class of functional components of the industrial truck to be sorted out if the remaining service life is less than a threshold value, and into a second class of further usable functional components of the industrial truck if the remaining service life is greater than the threshold value.The functional component classified as a second class can thus be removed from the industrial truck at the end of the use phase of the industrial truck in order to reuse the removed functional component for the construction of new industrial trucks, for example after cleaning and optical workup. Thus, a corresponding functional component of the new industrial truck no longer has to be produced from basic materials and / or from recycled materials in a resource-intensive and energy-intensive manner.The method for evaluating the at least one physical load parameter can be carried out, for example, by the processor of the industrial truck and / or by a remote data evaluation device.In one embodiment, the at least one actual value corresponds to the at least one physical load parameter or the at least one actual value is determined based on the at least one physical load parameter, in particular by a unique mapping or an aggregating mapping.If the at least one actual value corresponds to the at least one physical load parameter, then the service life can be determined directly on the basis of the physical load parameter.If the at least one actual value is determined based on the at least one physical load parameter, then the service life can be determined indirectly based on the physical load parameter. The unique mapping can comprise, for example, a calculation of the actual value based on the physical load parameter, for example a conversion of values of a sensor of the at least one sensor which is not directly assigned to the functional component. The aggregating mapping may comprise, for example, a mapping of a plurality of time series values of the at least one physical load parameter onto the at least one actual value. The aggregating mapping can comprise, for example, a mapping of different physical load parameters of the at least one physical load parameter to the at least one actual value.In one embodiment, the method further comprises: detecting a functional state of the functional component in order to obtain detection data of the functional component, classifying, in particular ordinal classifying, the functional component based on the detection data of the functional component, and ascertaining the remaining service life of the functional component based on the classification, in particular ordinal classification, of the functional component.The service life can thus be determined further on the basis of the detection data of the functional component. The detection data can comprise, for example, detection data of the functional state of the functional component manually input by a user and / or comprise automatically detected detection data of the functional state of the functional component. For example, manually input detection data of the functional state of the functional component can comprise whether the functional component has externally recognizable damage, such as scratches or cracks. For example, automatically acquired detection data of the functional state of the functional component can comprise color information of a surface of the functional component. The, in particular ordinal, classification can comprise, for example, a classification of the external appearance of the functional component, for example into the classes good, medium and poor.In one embodiment, the at least one reference load value of the functional component is based on at least one setpoint value of the functional component, and / or the at least one reference load value of the functional component is determined based on a simulation model, wherein the simulation model simulates a load of the functional component.If the at least one reference load value of the functional component is based on at least one setpoint value of the functional component, then a calculation-efficient determination of the service life of the functional component can be carried out by a comparison with the at least one actual value. The at least one setpoint value can likewise be stored, for example, in the memory of the functional component.If the at least one reference load value of the functional component is determined based on a simulation model, a particularly accurate prediction of the service life of the functional component can be achieved. The simulation model can comprise, for example, a digital twin of the functional component.In one embodiment, the method further comprises removing the functional component from the industrial truck if the functional component has been classified into the second class of further usable functional components of the industrial truck in the step of classifying the functional component, and installing the functional component removed from the industrial truck into a further industrial truck, in particular a new industrial truck to be produced, in order to reuse the functional component in the further industrial truck.The further industrial truck can thus be produced in a resource-efficient and energy-efficient manner. The threshold value of classifying the functional component into a first class of functional components of the industrial truck to be sorted out and into a second class of further usable functional components of the industrial truck can correspond to an expected useful life or an expected useful life of the further industrial truck.The embodiments mentioned for the subject matter of the first aspect are also embodiments for the subject matter of the second aspect.The embodiments mentioned for the subject matter of the second aspect are also embodiments for the subject matter of the first aspect.Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in more detail by way of example on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the schematic figures. The following are shown here: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an industrial industrial truck 100 according to one embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for evaluating at least one physical load parameter of a functional component of an industrial truck according to one embodiment.FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an industrial industrial truck 100 according to one embodiment. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the industrial truck can be a forklift, for example. The industrial industrial truck 100 comprises a functional component 101. The functional component 101 can be one of the following functional components 101: housing, in particular electronics housing or drive unit housing, vehicle frame, counterweight, in particular rear weight, pendulum axle suspension, pendulum axle base body, seal, fluid hose, in particular hydraulic hose, fluid pipe, hydraulic cylinder, insulation, cable, power electronics, control electronics, rotor of a drive unit, fan blade, vehicle window, holder, valve.Industrial truck 100 furthermore comprises a memory 103 which is permanently assigned to functional component 101. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the functional component 101 may include the memory 103. Alternatively, the memory 103 can be integrated in the functional component 101 or the memory 103 can be assigned exclusively to the functional component 101.As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the industrial truck 100 comprises at least one sensor 105 which is designed to record a physical load parameter 107 of the functional component 101 when the industrial truck 100 is loaded. The at least one sensor 105 can be designed, for example, to record the physical load parameter 107 exclusively when the industrial truck 100 is loaded. The load on the industrial truck 100 can be, for example, an actuation of a fluid power system of the industrial truck, in particular for lifting a load by the industrial truck, and / or a movement of the industrial truck and / or a carrying of a load by the industrial truck.The at least one sensor 105 can be arranged, for example, in the vicinity of the functional component 101 or on the functional component 101. Alternatively or additionally, in particular in the case of a plurality of sensors 105, the at least one sensor 105 can, for example, record the physical load parameter at a distance from the functional component 101, for example on a further component or system of the industrial truck 101, such as, for example, a fluid power system, in particular hydraulic system, of the industrial truck, on which the physical load parameter 107 of the functional component 101 can be measured.The physical load parameter 107 can comprise at least one of the following parameters: electrical current intensity, electrical voltage, frequency of an electrical signal, electrical resistance, oscillation frequency, pressure, in particular hydraulic pressure, temperature, rotational speed, mechanical deformation of the functional component 101, centrifugal force, centrifugal force, acceleration, number of actuations, operating hours, load hours.The industrial truck 100 further comprises a processor 109 which is configured to store the detected physical load parameter 107 in the memory 103. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, the processor 109 can be electrically connected to the sensor 105 and the functional component 101, in particular the memory 103, via connections 113, 115. The connections 113, 115 can be realized, for example, via cables with plug contacts.As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the industrial truck 100 further comprises a communication interface 111 for providing the physical load parameter 107 stored in the memory 103. The memory 103 and the communication interface 111 may be formed in the functional component 101.The communication interface 111 can be configured to transmit the acquired physical load parameter 107 via a communication network 117 to a remote data evaluation device 119. The remote data evaluation device 119 can be configured to evaluate the physical load parameter 107. Alternatively, the processor 109 of the industrial truck can be designed to evaluate the physical load parameter 107. If the physical load parameter 107 comprises a plurality of load parameters 107, the remote data evaluation device 119 and / or the processor 109 can be configured, for example, to evaluate at least one of the plurality of physical load parameters 107.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a housing of electronics of the industrial truck 100, such as, for example, a converter housing, a controller housing, etc. Housings can usually be exposed to less mechanical permanent stresses, for example, provided they do not have a structural load-bearing function, but can serve for the mechanical and thermal protection of assemblies or for the fastening of components. However, if mechanical loads are relevant for aging, these can be detected using an acceleration sensor. The at least one sensor 105 may comprise the accelerometer.Typical aging can occur in the case of housings of electronics of the industrial truck 100, for example in the case of seals which are subjected to a load as a result of temperature changes and can become brittle. The temperature cycles of the housings can be detected with a temperature sensor, both those which are produced by the operation of the functional component 101, for example as a result of waste heat from the electronics, and those which are introduced from the outside, for example as a result of use in cold houses (cold) or in foundryries in front of ovens (heat). The at least one sensor 105 may comprise the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can be mounted directly close to the seal in order to determine the temperature at the seal. However, it is also possible to use a temperature sensor, which may already be present, elsewhere in the housing or in the housed electronics, i.e. in the functional component 101, and to determine the sealing temperature by means of model calculations or by means of development-accompanying temperature investigations which permit a conversion from the measured temperature to the temperature at the seal.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is power or control electronics of the industrial truck 100. Power electronics can age, in particular, due to the thermal effect of high power peaks, which can be detected, for example, by means of a power measurement (current, voltage, frequency) or by means of one or more temperature sensors. The at least one sensor 105 may include the one or more temperature sensors. Alternatively, it can be provided that these quantities are detected only at one location, such as in a drive system, and used as a characterizing quantity for all system components. For example, a converter and an electric motor of almost identical variables (current, voltage, frequency) can be loaded. In such a transmission of a sensor value to other components, a model calculation can be used which converts the entered physical loads which were detected in another component, for example in the converter, to the component to be evaluated. For example, in the case of an output shaft of a drive motor, a current, a voltage and / or a frequency can be converted into a rotational speed and / or a torque by means of a motor model.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a housing of a drive unit of the industrial truck 100, such as a motor housing, a transmission housing, etc. For housings of drive units, the procedure can be analogous to that described for the housing of the electronics of the industrial truck 100. Often, however, a housing of a drive unit of the industrial truck 100 can also be part of the supporting vehicle structure, in particular with respect to the front axle of the industrial truck, for example in the case of a counterweight stacker with attachments for mast, vehicle frame and wheel gear. In such cases, the mechanical loads to which the housings and the screw connections to connection components are subjected may be relevant. These loads can be detected, for example, by acceleration measurements and converted into loads, provided that the vehicle weight is predominantly constant. The at least one sensor 105 may comprise the acceleration sensor.In industrial trucks 100 with a lifting hydraulic system, it can be provided to record the hydraulic pressure in the load-bearing system via a pressure transducer, by means of which load peaks can be recorded both when the load is being taken up or discharged and when driving over unevennesses. The at least one sensor 105 may comprise the pressure transducer. In many cases, such pressure transducers can be installed in the industrial truck 100 in any case in order to inform the driver about the load on the industrial truck 100 or to prevent overloading.In addition, mechanical loads can be determined by measuring the deformation of loaded components, for example using strain gauges. The at least one sensor 105 may include the strain gauge.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a rotor of an electric motor of the industrial truck 100. The rotors of electric motors themselves can be loaded primarily by centrifugal forces, for example embedded magnets in synchronous reluctance machines, the axes of the motors being loaded by torques. The centrifugal forces can be detected via the motor speed by means of speed sensors which are often installed in the drives anyway for control purposes, or the motor speed is determined in the converter by evaluating the current / voltage characteristics. The at least one sensor 105 can comprise the rotational speed sensor. The torques in the axes can be determined either by measuring the deformation of the components, for example by means of a strain gauge (DMS). The at least one sensor 105 may comprise the strain gauge. The measurement signals thereof can be transmitted, for example, from the rotating shaft to the processor 109 of the industrial truck 100 by means of radio or slip rings. Alternatively, indirect determination is possible, as also already described with respect to the housing of the electronics of the industrial truck 100.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a pendulum axle base body of the industrial truck 100. In particular in the case of a counterweight stacker, the pendulum axle base body of the industrial truck 100 can be loaded by the dead weight of the industrial truck 100 and can be determined from acceleration or hydraulic pressure measurements by load peaks during travel over unevennesses which can be determined from the measurement of the deformation of the axle, for example via DMS, and also indirectly by model calculation, for example via a multibody dynamics model of the industrial truck 100 with the main characteristics vehicle geometry, vehicle inertias, wheel rigidities.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a hydraulic hose of the industrial truck 100. Hydraulic hoses may age due to load spikes that may be measured by hydraulic pressure. Here, the procedure can be analogous to that described for the housings of drive units. Furthermore, aging may occur as a result of the influence of an in particular high temperature, which may be detected by temperature measurements of the correspondingly configured at least one sensor 105.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a cable or a cable harness of the industrial truck 100. Cables or wire harnesses may be affected by chafing sites where the jacket is affected. These chafing points can be recognized and repaired after removal by detection, in particular visual inspection. Further impairment can occur due to corrosion on plug connections, which can be determined by measuring the transition resistances. For the measurement of such transition resistances, a resistance measurement with resistance measuring devices in specific test setups after a phase of use is appropriate. However, it is also possible during use to record rising transition resistances in plug connections, for example, by measuring the electrical characteristic variables current and voltage or by measuring the temperature in the plug by the correspondingly designed at least one sensor 105, for example in power plugs. Embrittlement of the sheathing of cables can also contribute to aging. This can be subject to calendarian conditions and can be detected by a comparison with setpoint values, for example determined from a date of manufacture, or can be subject to thermal conditions, and can be detected, for example, directly by means of a temperature sensor on the cable or indirectly by means of a current sensor. The at least one sensor 105 may include the temperature sensor or the current sensor.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a holder or a holder for components of the industrial truck 100. Holders of components can be loaded primarily by load peaks from component oscillations. These component oscillations can be excited both from the "outside" by the vehicle movement, for example when travelling over unevennesses or impacts by starting against stationary loads, and by oscillation excitation from the operation of the component itself, for example by an internal combustion engine. In the first case, the mechanical loads can be determined by measuring the deformation of the holders, for example using strain gauges, and also by means of a model calculation in which the vehicle dynamics and also the rigidity of the component connection and the component inertias are incorporated. The at least one sensor 105 may include the strain gauge. In the second case, too, a determination by means of model calculation is possible, which may already be present from the design of the holders or any bearing elements, as well as by measuring the deformation of the holders, for example with a strain gauge. The at least one sensor 105 may include the strain gaugeAccording to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a vehicle window of the industrial truck 100, in particular a cabin window of the industrial truck 100. In the case of vehicle windows and cabin windows, the enclosing elements which are to be replaced can age in particular. Damage to a pane itself can occur as a result of mechanical action, such as stone chipping, which can be detected visually. The pane can be examined for scratches, indentations, etc., for example.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is part of a cabin ventilation or heating of the industrial truck 100, such as an air guide pipe, a filter housing, etc. In the case of parts of the cabin ventilation or heating, different aging mechanisms can occur depending on the specific component of the system, for example depending on whether the component is an air guide hose, a fan blade, a fan motor or a valve, as already described with reference to the above embodiments. Correspondingly, the procedure can also be analogous to the corresponding above embodiments. For example, in the case of ventilation pipes, embrittlement can be determined by a temperature measurement, as described analogously to the electronics housing. For example, in the case of fan blades, centrifugal forces can be determined on the basis of the rotational speed of the fan, as described analogously to the rotor of the electric motor of the industrial truck 100. For example, in fan motors, embrittlement of the winding insulation can be determined by a temperature measurement. For example, in the case of a valve, abrasion can be determined by the number of actuations, for example on the basis of the vehicle controller of the industrial truck 100 and / or by the correspondingly configured at least one sensor 105.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a rear weight of the industrial truck 100. On cast rear weights, which may be structural components of the industrial truck 100, the threads of the parts fastened therein, such as vehicle frame or pendulum axle suspension, may age and lead to failures in the event of reuse. As described for the housings of drive units, the magnitude and number of load changes can be detected by measuring accelerations, component expansions or hydraulic pressures.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a structural component of the industrial truck 100, in particular a vehicle frame of the industrial truck 100. On vehicle frames as the essential structural component of the industrial truck 100, the steel sheets used or the welds connecting them can age as a result of the operating loads applied. A measurement can be made analogously to the motor housings by vibration measurements, measurements of the hydraulic pressure or strain measurements.According to one embodiment, the functional component 101 is a hydraulic cylinder. In the case of hydraulic cylinders, the sealing systems which can have to be replaced before reuse can predominantly wear. The hydraulic cylinders, like the other structural components vehicle frame, axle body or possibly rear weight, can be loaded by the operating loads. These operating loads can be measured directly at the hydraulic cylinders by measuring the hydraulic pressure at the cylinders.FIG. 2 shows a flow chart illustrating steps of a method 200 for evaluating at least one physical load parameter 107 of the functional component 101 of the industrial truck 100 according to one embodiment.As already described, the industrial truck 100 comprises a memory 103 which is fixedly assigned to the functional component 101, at least one sensor 105 which is designed to record the at least one physical load parameter 107 of the functional component 101 when the industrial truck 100 is loaded, a processor 109 which is designed to store the at least one recorded physical load parameter 107 in the memory 103, and a communication interface 111 for providing the at least one physical load parameter 107 stored in the memory 103.The method 200 comprises a step 201 of receiving the at least one physical load parameter 107 of the functional component 101 from the communication interface 111 of the industrial truck 100 in order to obtain at least one actual value of the load of the functional component 101. The at least one actual value can correspond to the at least one physical load parameter 107 or the at least one actual value can be determined based on the at least one physical load parameter 107, in particular by a unique mapping or an aggregating mapping.The method 200 further comprises a step 203 of determining a deviation based on a comparison of the at least one actual value of the load of the functional component 101 with at least one reference load value of the functional component 101. The at least one reference load value of the functional component 101 can be based on at least one setpoint value of the functional component 101. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one reference load value of the functional component 101 can be determined based on a simulation model, wherein the simulation model simulates a load of the functional component 101.The method 200 further comprises a step 205 of determining a remaining service life of the functional component 101 on the basis of the determined deviation.The method 200 further comprises a step 207 of classifying the functional component 101 into a first class of functional components 101 of the industrial truck 100 to be sorted out if the remaining service life is less than a threshold value and into a second class of further usable functional components 101 of the industrial truck 100 if the remaining service life is greater than the threshold value.According to one specific embodiment, method 200 may also include: a step of detecting a functional state of functional component 101 in order to obtain detection data of functional component 101, a step of classifying, in particular ordinal classifying, functional component 101 based on the detection data of functional component 101, and a step of ascertaining the remaining service life of functional component 101 based on the classification, in particular ordinal classification, of functional component 101.According to one embodiment, the method 200 can furthermore comprise: a step of removing the functional component 101 from the industrial truck 100 if the functional component 101 has been classified into the second class of further usable functional components 101 of the industrial truck 100 in the step 207 of classifying the functional component 101, and a step of installing the functional component 101 removed from the industrial truck 100 into a further industrial truck, which can preferably be a new industrial truck to be produced, in order to reuse the functional component 101 in the further industrial truck.The functional component 101 can be reused in the further industrial truck, for example, if a series of the further industrial truck corresponds to the series of the industrial truck 100, if the series of the further industrial truck has been linked to the series of the industrial truck 100, which uses the same functional components 101 or replacement-compatible functional components 101, and / or if the series of the further industrial truck is a subsequent series of the industrial truck 100, which uses the same functional components 101 or replacement-compatible functional components 101. Before recycling the functional component 101 in the further industrial truck, provision can be made for the removed functional component 101 to be cleaned and freed of residues, for example of adhesives.Components of the industrial truck 100 can be divided, for example, into the following groups: a first group, which must be designed to be permanently durable for multiple use for reuse after the useful life of the industrial truck 100, a second group, which comprises wear parts, which are to be replaced after the useful life of the industrial truck 100, and a third group of components, which is to be designed as a functional component 101 according to one of the embodiments described above and below. If a component has a plurality of subcomponents, the procedure for the groups can also be combined for the subcomponents. For example, individual subcomponents can be compared without further consideration because they are designed to be durable, used further, other subcomponents can be compared with respect to their load during the use phase with the design, such as a setpoint value, and in turn, subcomponents other than wear components can be replaced without further consideration. The durable design mentioned here relates to an intended and thus conventional use of an industrial truck. Here too, it may be relevant to check whether the use of the industrial truck has been carried out as intended or whether there are overloads if appropriate. Speed profiles or hydraulic pressure profiles can provide this information.However, a durable design may be counteracted by manufacturing costs and possibly also by restrictions on installation space, in particular since a durable design may involve a higher outlay on material (costs, installation space) and outlay on production (costs). It can thus be expedient to configure as many components as possible of the industrial truck 100 according to the third group, i.e. as a functional component 101 according to one of the embodiments described above and below.The embodiments described above relate to an industrial industrial truck, but an analogous application to commercial vehicles as well as vehicles in general is also possible.
Claims
Industrial industrial truck (100) having: at least one of a functional component (101); a memory (103) which is fixedly assigned to one or more functional components (101); at least one sensor (105) which is designed to record a physical load parameter (107) of the functional component (101) when the industrial truck (100) is loaded; a processor (109) which is designed to store the recorded physical load parameter (107) in the memory (103); and a communication interface (111) for providing the physical load parameter (107) stored in the memory (103).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed to record the physical load parameter (107) exclusively when the industrial truck (100) is loaded.Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the functional component (101) comprises the memory (103) or wherein the memory (103) is integrated in the functional component (101) or wherein the memory (103) is exclusively assigned to the functional component (101).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the memory (103) and the communication interface (111) are formed in the functional component (101).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the communication interface (111) is designed to emit the detected physical load parameter (107) via a communication network (117) to a remote data evaluation device (119).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the physical load parameter (107) comprises at least one of the following parameters: electric current intensity, electric voltage, frequency of an electric signal, electric resistance, oscillation frequency, pressure, in particular hydraulic pressure, temperature, rotational speed, mechanical deformation of the functional component (101), centrifugal force, centrifugal force, acceleration, number of actuations, operating hours, load hours.Industrial industrial truck (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional component (101) is one of the following functional components (101): housing, in particular electronics housing or drive unit housing, vehicle frame, counterweight, in particular rear weight, pendulum axle suspension, pendulum axle base body, seal, fluid hose, in particular hydraulic hose, fluid pipe, hydraulic cylinder, insulation, cable, power electronics, control electronics, rotor of a drive unit, fan blade, vehicle window, holder, valve.Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is an electronics housing, a drive unit housing, a vehicle frame or a pendulum axle suspension or a counterweight of the industrial truck (100), to detect a mechanical deformation and / or an acceleration of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a housing, a seal, a fluid hose, in particular a hydraulic hose, a fluid pipe, an insulation or a cable of the industrial truck (100), to record a temperature of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is power electronics or control electronics of the industrial truck (100), to record a temperature, an electrical current intensity, an electrical voltage and / or a frequency of an electrical signal of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a drive unit housing, a hydraulic hose, a hydraulic cylinder, a vehicle frame or a pendulum axle suspension or a counterweight of the industrial truck (100), to record a pressure, in particular a hydraulic pressure, of a fluid power system of the industrial truck (100) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a rotor of a drive unit or a fan blade of the industrial truck (100), to record, as physical load parameters (107), a mechanical deformation and / or a rotational speed and / or a centrifugal force and / or a centrifugal force and / or an acceleration and / or a temperature of the functional component (101).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a pendulum axle base body of the industrial truck (100), to detect, as physical load parameters (107), a mechanical deformation of the functional component (101) and / or an acceleration of the functional component (101) and / or a pressure, in particular a hydraulic pressure, of a fluid power system of the industrial truck (100).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a vehicle window of the industrial truck (100), to record, as physical load parameters (107), an oscillation frequency, a pressure and / or a mechanical deformation of the functional component (101).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a cable of the industrial truck (100), to record a temperature and / or an electrical current intensity and / or an electrical voltage and / or an electrical resistance of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a holder for components of the industrial truck (100), to record a mechanical deformation and / or an oscillation frequency of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Industrial industrial truck (100) according to Claim 7, wherein the at least one sensor (105) is designed, if the functional component (101) is a valve of the industrial truck (100), to record an actuation number of the functional component (101) as physical load parameters (107).Method (200) for evaluating at least one physical load parameter (107) of a functional component (101) of an industrial truck (100) according to Claim 1, wherein the industrial truck (100) further comprises a memory (103) which is permanently assigned to the functional component (101), at least one sensor (105) which is designed to record the at least one physical load parameter (107) of the functional component (101) when the industrial truck (100) is loaded, a processor (109) which is designed to store the at least one recorded physical load parameter (107) in the memory (103), and a communication interface (111) for providing the at least one physical load parameter (107) stored in the memory (103), wherein the method (200) comprises: receiving (201) the at least one physical load parameter (107) of the functional component (101) from the communication interface (111) of the industrial truck (100) in order to obtain at least one actual value of the load of the functional component (101); determining (203) a deviation based on a comparison of the at least one actual value of the load of the functional component (101) with at least one reference load value of the functional component (101); determining (205) a remaining service life of the functional component (101) based on the determined deviation; classifying (207) the functional component (101) into a first class of functional components (101) of the industrial truck (100) to be sorted out if the remaining service life is less than a threshold value and into a second class of further usable functional components (101) of the industrial truck (100) if the remaining service life is greater than the threshold value.Method (200) according to claim 18, wherein the at least one actual value corresponds to the at least one physical load parameter (107) or wherein the at least one actual value is determined based on the at least one physical load parameter (107), in particular by a unique mapping or an aggregating mapping.Method (200) according to either of Claims 18 and 19, wherein the method (200) furthermore comprises: detecting a functional state of the functional component (101) in order to obtain detection data of the functional component (101); classifying, in particular ordinal classifying, the functional component (101) on the basis of the detection data of the functional component (101); and ascertaining the remaining service life of the functional component (101) on the basis of the classification, in particular ordinal classification, of the functional component (101).Method (200) according to one of Claims 18 to 20, wherein the at least one reference load value of the functional component (101) is based on at least one setpoint value of the functional component (101); and / or wherein the at least one reference load value of the functional component (101) is determined based on a simulation model, wherein the simulation model simulates a load of the functional component (101).Method (200) according to one of Claims 18 to 21, wherein the method (200) further comprises: removing the functional component (101) from the industrial truck (100) if the functional component (101) has been classified into the second class of further usable functional components (101) of the industrial truck (100) in the step of classifying (207) the functional component (101); installing the functional component (101) removed from the industrial truck (100) into a further industrial truck, in particular an industrial truck to be newly produced, in order to reuse the functional component (101) in the further industrial truck.