Wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an actuating device, wherein the blade is mounted on a pendulum axis to execute a pendulum movement

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine (01) comprising at least one blade (20) and at least one actuating device (30), wherein the blade (20) is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis (27) to perform a pendulum movement in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the blade (20) is designed to be symmetrical and to generate lift, wherein an angle of attack (28) of the blade (20) can be adjusted by means of the actuating device (30), and wherein the actuating device (30) comprises at least one servomotor (31).

Description

The invention relates to a wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an adjusting device, wherein the blade is mounted on a pendulum axle for carrying out a pendulum movement.In the prior art, installations are known which generate electrical and / or mechanical energy driven by the wind. Most widely used wind turbines are those in which a rotatable nacelle is mounted at a height of up to 150 m, to which as a rule three blades are attached. The blades have a lift generating profile whereby the wind drives them in motion. The vanes rotate with an axis which drives a generator. The rotational speed is 0.3 to 2 revolutions per second. Due to the large wing length, there are wing tip speeds of up to several 100 km per hour. Firstly, such high speeds, which are necessary for the most efficient and thus economic yield possible, are associated with a considerable risk for animals, in particular for bats, birds and insects, and secondly they represent a noise burden which cannot be underestimated. Furthermore, due to their size, in particular if they are constructed in large numbers, such as in wind farms, they are perceived as annoying. Therefore, their use in certain areas, such as especially residential areas, natural protection and / or landscape protection areas, is legally prohibited.An alternative to these current wind turbines are pendulum wind power installations in which a blade oscillates about a horizontal pendulum axis. These usually move more slowly. Moreover, pendular movements of human beings and animals are perceived as less disturbing. An example of a pendulum wind power plant is disclosed in DE 10 2017 120 011 B3, in which the wings supported on a horizontal pendulum axis have a double-sided lift-generating profile for exciting the pendulum movement. On which side the lift is generated depends on the position of the wing with respect to the wind direction. Therefore, in order to produce a sustained swinging motion, it is necessary to rotate the blade at or near the turning point such that the angle of attack is rotated out of the wind and rotated back into the wind in the opposite direction. The approach proposed in the publication DE 10 2017 120 011 B3 is the arrangement of a linkage on the mast foot. A disadvantage of the linkage is that the angle of attack of the blade is determined by the position and the pendulum direction and cannot be adapted to other parameters such as the wind speed. In addition, the wing may wedge into the linkage so that the wing is stuck. However, the optimal angle of attack depends, among other things, on the wind speed, so that the efficiency of the wind turbine is also optimal only in the exceptional case.There is therefore a great need for a wind turbine driven by a reciprocating motion of a blade that operates reliably and effectively. The wind turbine should be easy to operate and install, as well as provide easy exchangeability, maintenance and / or repairability of the individual components. In addition, it should be able to be produced cost-effectively, long-lived and individually adjustable. A particular concern is safety for humans and animals and aesthetic inclusion in the environment. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a wind power plant in order to overcome the aforementioned difficulties and in particular to reduce the costs associated with maintenance and / or repair and the service lives of the machine associated therewith.This object is achieved in a surprisingly simple but effective manner by a wind turbine according to the teaching of the main claim 1.According to the invention, a wind turbine comprising at least one blade and an adjusting device is proposed, wherein the blade is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis for carrying out a pendulum movement in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the blade is configured symmetrically and in a lift-generating manner and wherein an angle of attack of the blade can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device. The wind turbine is characterized in that the adjusting device comprises at least one servomotor.The basic idea of the invention is to be able to adjust the angle of attack of the blade independently of the position of the blade. In this case, in particular the wind speed and / or the wing position and the wing speed can be taken into account in the pendulum movement itself. In addition to the physical circumstances, other factors such as limiting the speed and / or acceleration of the blade may also be taken into account. In particular, it is possible to turn the wing into the so-called flag position at any time, at an angle of incidence of 0°, so that lift is not generated on either side. This position serves to protect the installation from accelerations and / or speeds that are too high at too high a wind speed.The wind turbine is used to convert wind energy into other mechanical energy or electrical energy. For this purpose, the wind turbine comprises at least one blade. The term "wing" refers to a device that is elongated and dynamically buoyancy-generating. The wind turbine preferably comprises at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten identically or differently configured blades, wherein the angles of attack of the blades can be adjusted independently or depending on one another by means of the adjusting device. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the vanes move synchronously in opposite directions in a double vane configuration. The wing is driven by the wind, so that buoyancy forces act on it. That is, due to the aerodynamic configuration of the wing, the wind experiences a deflection toward one side at an angle of attack different from 0°, whereby a force opposite the deflection causes a deflection of the wing toward the other side. Due to the symmetrical structure of the wing, the direction of the deflection and thus the direction of the lifting force is determined by the angle of attack of the wing with respect to the wind direction. The term "angle of attack" refers to the angle formed between the plane of symmetry and the wind direction, which preferably corresponds to the orientation of the wind turbine. In other words, depending on how the pitch angle is oriented relative to the wind direction, the blade is accelerated in either direction or direction. The movement of the wing is limited to a rotational movement by the mounting on a pendulum axis, which is preferably aligned horizontally. That is to say, the lateral lifting force caused by the wind causes a rotation of the wing about the preferably horizontal pendulum axis. The pendulum movement is thus limited to a plane which is preferably perpendicular on the pendulum axis. In order to allow acceleration in both directions of rotation, the vane is symmetrical. The symmetrical configuration of the wing relates to a plane symmetry.In order to be able to adjust the angle of attack of the blade in order to generate a laterally directed force on the blade, the wind turbine comprises an adjusting device. The adjusting device rotates the wing about an adjusting axis located in the plane of symmetry. Particularly preferably, this axis is physically configured as a wing stabilizing mast inside the wing.The angle of attack denotes the angle formed between the plane of symmetry and the wind direction. In order for the adjusting device to be able to generate the rotation of the blade adjusting the angle of incidence, said adjusting device comprises at least one servomotor. The adjusting device preferably comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or 30 servo motors of the same or different configuration for the independent adjustment of individual vanes and / or vane parts. The servo motor can adjust the angle of attack independently of the position in the reciprocating motion. It is conceivable that the servomotor rotates the wing directly or indirectly, for example via a linkage. It is further preferred that the servomotor drives a hydraulic system and / or a gear. This is advantageous in particular in the case of large and / or heavy wings. Particularly preferably, the adjusting device comprises an electronic control and / or regulating unit which adjusts the angle of incidence of the blade taking into account at least one, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more, identical or different parameters. The parameter may be wind speed, wind direction, wind speed change, frequency of wind speed change, deflection of the wing, acceleration of the wing, speed of the wing, direction of movement and / or safety targets.It is further preferred that a balancing weight is arranged on the wing opposite with respect to the pendulum axis, which balancing weight of the wing. Particularly preferably, the blade oscillates above the oscillation axis with respect to the subgrade on which the wind turbine is constructed. By means of the balancing weight it is possible to generate a restoring force which brings the wing into an upright position.During operation, a wind flows around the wind turbine. If the blade is in a starting position, for example in a horizontal position at an angle of incidence of 0°, the adjusting device rotates the blade, so that it adjusts an angle of incidence of the blade not equal to 0°. This results in lift to a first side of the wing, so that the wing is rotated about the pendulum axis. It is conceivable that the adjusting device optimizes the angle of attack of the blade with regard to the wind speed, the rotational speed of the blade, the current acceleration of the blade and / or on the basis of further parameters described elsewhere. At the latest when the wing reaches a first lateral reversal point, the adjusting device adjusts the angle of incidence such that a buoyancy force acts in the opposite direction. Preferably, the adjusting device sets an angle of attack already before reaching the reversal point, so that the lifting force acts in the opposite direction in order to achieve the smoothest possible reversal of the wing in the pendulum movement and thus gentle on the material. The wing now oscillates via the starting position to the second reversal point, before or at which the adjusting device reverses the angle of attack of the wing again, so that the wing is likewise braked and then moved in the first direction. As a result, the wing carries out a pendulum movement about the pendulum axis. The kinetic energy of the pendulum axle thus produced can be used by direct use or by conversion into other mechanical energy forms or into electrical energy.By means of the invention, it is made possible to provide an easily controllable and individually adjustable and thus as efficient as possible wind turbine. The pendulum movement and the low speed made possible thereby, despite high efficiency, minimize the risk for humans and animals and also minimize the noise and noise nuisance.Advantageous refinements of the invention, which can be realized individually or in combination, are presented in the dependent claims.It is conceivable that the wing is designed in multiple parts, with a main wing having a symmetrical profile and with at least one lift aid having a symmetrical profile, wherein the angle of attack of the lift aid and the angle of attack of the main wing can be adjusted, preferably independently, by means of the adjusting device. To set the angle of attack, both the main wing and the lift aid are rotated about their own axis of rotation lying in the respective plane of symmetry. Particularly preferably, the main wing and the lift aid are rotatable relative to one another by means of the adjusting device in relation to the wind direction. This means that the plane which is surrounded by the axes of rotation about which the lift aid and the main wing can be rotated for setting the angle of attack can likewise be rotated with respect to the wind direction. For this purpose, it is preferred that the lift aid and the main wing are arranged on a common base, wherein the base is rotatable by the adjusting device. At the same time, the main wing and the lift aid are rotatable on the basis, so that the angle of attack of the main wing and the angle of attack of the lift aid remain adjustable. Preferably, the main wing and the lift aid are connected to the servomotor by means of a linkage and, if appropriate, also the common base, so that a common adjustability can be achieved easily and quickly by means of a single servomotor. Alternatively, the adjusting device comprises two or more servomotors which allow independent adjustment of the angles of attack of the main wing and the lift aid and, if appropriate, of the common base. Particularly preferably, the wing comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 lift aids of identical or different configuration.The term "main wing" refers to a wing part to which other wing parts, in particular the lift aid, can be moved and / or rotated relative to. In particular, the main wing is a wing part arranged in the middle. The main wing is not necessarily the largest wing part.The term "lift aid" relates to a device which is mounted movably with respect to the main wing and which can influence, in particular increase, the lift by the relative movement and / or prevent stall of the flow.In one configuration, it is conceivable for the main wing to have a main wing leading edge and a main wing trailing edge opposite the main wing leading edge, and for at least one lift aid to be arranged on the main wing leading edge, in particular as a slat, and / or on the main wing trailing edge, in particular as a split flap. The gap formed between the lift aid and the main wing at the front edge of the main wing and can be adjusted to allow air to flow from the underside onto the upper side of the main wing, whereby stall at high angles of attack of the main wing and / or the lift aids is prevented. A gap flap arranged at the rear edge of the main wing can likewise allow air to flow to the upper side of the wing by releasing a gap and thus prevent flow separation. Overall, the arrangement of lift aids on the main wing leading edge and / or the main wing trailing edge makes it possible to produce a curved profile despite a respectively symmetrical profile configuration, so that a large lift force can act on the wing. The buoyancy aids in the form of a slat and / or a split flap make it possible to set a large angle of attack even at low wind speeds without the buoyancy being reduced by stall of the flow. The slat also provides for a preacceleration of the flow, which makes the subsequent increase in speed on the main wing softer and reduces the drop at the end of the main wing. By means of the gap flap, the lift coefficient can be increased by up to 40%, in particular at low wind speeds. Further preferably, the electronic open-loop and / or closed-loop control unit described elsewhere adjusts the angles of attack of the main wing and the lift aid and, if appropriate, of the common base, taking into account at least one parameter mentioned elsewhere. The parameter may be wind speed, wind direction, wind speed change, frequency of wind speed change, deflection of the wing, acceleration of the wing, speed of the wing, direction of movement and / or at least one safety specification.In a development of the invention, it is conceivable for the wing, in particular the main wing, to comprise a winglet. Winglets are a bent extension of the outer wing and / or an extension bent to the profile plane. In order that the profile is furthermore symmetrical, the winglet is preferably configured in two parts facing both lateral directions. Winglets have the advantage that they reduce air resistance and increase lift.Moreover, it is conceivable that the wind turbine has a pendulum angle of at least 0.5° and at most 180°, wherein the blade oscillates at the pendulum angle about the pendulum axis. It is preferably conceivable for the pendulum angle to be at least 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170° or 175°. The term "swing angle" refers to the angle by which the at least one wing oscillates. The pendulum angle is thus enclosed by the reversal points of the at least one wing. It has been recognized within the scope of the invention that a greater swing angle means a higher yield of energy, since the braking distance of the blade is lower relative to the total distance. However, too large an angle also means that the wind turbine has a greater space requirement. In particular, a pendulum angle that is greater than 180° means that the pendulum axis must be arranged in an elevated manner, as a result of which the wind turbine is larger and thus more disruptive. Pendulum angles between 45° and 180° have proven to be a good compromise between space requirement and efficiency. The pendulum angle is particularly preferably 90°.Moreover, it is conceivable that the wind turbine comprises a stand with a height of at least 0.25 m, preferably of 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1.0 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2.0 m, 2.25 m, 2.5 m, 2.75 m, 3.0 m, 3.25 m, 3.5 m, 3.75 m, 4.0 m, 4.25 m, 4.5 m or more. The foot serves to lift the blade or the pendulum axle to increase safety for the wind turbine as well as for humans and animals approaching the wind turbine. The risk of collision with the wind turbine is thereby reduced. However, the height is not so high that it leads to an interfering overall image.In a development of the invention, it is conceivable for the wind power plant to comprise an engine, in particular a pump. Operating engines, in particular pumps, presents problems in remote areas, in particular when they are located in a landscape protection area or a natural protection area. The wind turbine according to the invention is particularly adapted in its configuration to the requirements of human beings and nature and therefore only interferes to a small extent. It is thus made possible to operate an engine even at remote sites. This is particularly efficient in operating a pump that can serve to pump water, such as groundwater for surface supply.Moreover, it is conceivable that the wind turbine comprises a generator. It is also conceivable that the wind turbine drives both an engine and a generator. The driving can take place alternately or simultaneously. When a generator is driven by the wind turbine, regenerative energy can be obtained in an environmentally friendly manner. This can be fed into a public power grid, stored and / or used directly on site for the power supply. In particular, in combination with an energy store, the operation of an island grid in remote areas is conceivable.In one embodiment, it is conceivable that the generator is a linear generator, wherein the linear generator comprises at least one rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet arranged in a fixed manner and at least one ring coil arranged around the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet and driven by the blade and executing pendulum movements along the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet. In other words, the linear generator comprises at least one rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet, which is preferably arranged below the pendulum axis opposite the horizontal position of the wing. Further preferably, an annular coil is arranged on the wing on an extension which extends the wing beyond the pendulum axis and can be driven by the wing. The toroidal coil is simultaneously arranged around the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet. If the wing carries out a pendulum movement, the coil likewise oscillates along the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet. By changing the polarity of the magnetic field, an electric current flow is induced in the toroidal coil. This can be tapped and used at the ends of the coil. It is obvious that the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet must be arranged and designed in such a way that the magnetic polarization change occurs during the pendulum movement. It is furthermore conceivable for a plurality of permanent magnets to be arranged one behind the other, so that the current flow induced in the toroidal coil changes its direction a plurality of times during the pendulum movement. Particularly preferably, the poles of the permanent magnets have different lengths, so that the speed of the change of polarity of the permanent magnets remains the same when swept over by the toroidal coil. It should be noted that the ring spool or the wing is moved at different speeds during the pendulum movement, depending on the point at which it is in the pendulum movement. When the reversal point is reached, the toroidal coil or the wing is slowed down to a standstill, so that it or it can complete the change of direction. It is conceivable that the generated alternating voltage, as described elsewhere, is converted into a direct voltage by means of a rectifier, in particular by means of a diode rectifier, and can then be brought to a fixed oscillation frequency by means of an inverter. In the middle of the pendulum movement, the toroidal coil or the wing is preferably moved at the highest speed. If the pole lengths are adapted to the pendulum movement, a current with a fixed frequency is induced if the wind speed is constant. Even more preferably, the linear generator comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 coils or ring coils. Most preferably, the linear generator comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnets.In a preferred embodiment, the toroidal coil is connected to the wing via a connecting rod ball rod, so that the pendulum movement is executed straight. In this way, the risk of the toroidal coil jamming on the permanent magnet is reduced. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped permanent magnet is designed to be curved and the coil is firmly connected to the wing, whereby the friction losses caused by the one connecting rod ball rod are avoided.Alternatively, it is conceivable that the generator is a rotation generator. The term "rotation generator" refers to a generator comprising a disc or annular stator and a disc or annular rotor. The rotor and the stator are arranged to have a common central axis, the rotor rotating about the central axis. The rotation generator is particularly preferably an asynchronous machine. It is particularly preferably a double-fed asynchronous machine. For this purpose, it is further conceivable that a dynamic frequency converter is interposed between the generator and the grid or energy dissipation point. A dynamic frequency converter is fed from one form of alternating voltage, converting it into another form of alternating voltage. In the present case, it is preferred if the input frequency and the input amplitude can be variable, wherein the output amplitude and output frequency is fixed, in particular preferably the output frequency and / or the output amplitude is equal to that of the public on-site power network. In order that a rotation generator can be driven in rotation by the wind turbine according to the invention, the wind turbine preferably comprises a gear mechanism which converts the pendulum movement into the rotation movement.In a preferred embodiment, the rotation generator is driven by means of a rectifier gear, wherein the rectifier gear comprises a drive axle driven by the blade and executing a pendulum movement, wherein a first and a second bevel gear are arranged opposite the tooth flanks on the drive axle, and wherein the first and the second bevel gear are connected to the drive axle by means of a freewheel unit, wherein the freewheel units freewheel in opposite rotational directions, wherein a third bevel gear is arranged such that it can be driven by its tooth flanks and by the tooth flank of the first bevel gear and the tooth flank of the second bevel gear. In other words, the wind turbine comprises a drive axle which is driven by the pendulum movement of the blade and likewise performs a pendulum movement. The first and the second bevel gears are arranged on the drive axle, wherein a freewheel unit is arranged between the first and the second bevel gear and the drive axle, respectively. However, the freewheel units have opposite rotational directions in which they engage or freewheel. This means that during the pendulum movement, one freewheel unit runs freely in each direction, while the other one engages and thus drives. The first and second bevel gears are arranged with the tooth flanks opposite each other, and the third bevel gear is arranged on the first and second bevel gears such that both the tooth flank of the first bevel gear and the tooth flank of the second bevel gear engage with the tooth flank of the third bevel gear. The third bevel gear is thus driven by both the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear. Since the first and the second bevel gears are arranged with the tooth flanks opposite on the drive axle, this construction would be unable to move if the first and the second bevel gears were rigidly connected to the drive axle. However, this is prevented by the freewheel units. That is, in the rocking motion, the first and second bevel gears alternately drive the third bevel gear while the other bevel gear is idly moved against the direction of the drive axis. The third bevel gear therefore has a fixed direction of rotation and drives the rotation generator. The rotor of the rotation generator is therefore driven in a pulsating rotational movement.The term "freewheel unit" relates to a component which has a coupling effect only in one direction of rotation.In one embodiment, it is conceivable that the drive axis is the pendulum axis or that the drive axis is connected to the pendulum axis via a connecting rod crank rod. In the embodiment in which the drive axis and the pendulum axis are identical, a particularly simple and loss-free arrangement for generating energy results. However, this has the disadvantage that it is expensive to enclose by means of a housing. Furthermore, rectifier gears and elements of the wing, in particular the adjusting device, can interfere with one another in terms of space. By means of the connecting rod crank rod, a spatial separation can be achieved in a simple manner.Moreover, it is conceivable that the wind turbine comprises a wind tracking system, preferably comprising an open-loop and / or closed-loop control unit described elsewhere. By means of the wind tracking, the pendulum axis can be aligned in such a way that the plane in which the wing oscillates is always at the smallest possible angle to the wind direction. In this way, the wind can be used optimally and efficiently. It is preferably conceivable for the wind power plant to comprise at least one slip ring and / or a rotary transformer as energy transmitter. If the wind power plant drives a generator and / or if electrical energy is required to supply the actuating device, this can be transmitted reliably in any position by means of the slip ring and / or the rotary transformer despite the wind tracking. In addition, a rotation of the wind turbine is possible at all times in any direction as a result of the wind tracking.In yet another preferred embodiment, the wind turbine comprises a weather station, wherein at least one measurement signal of the weather station is connected as an input to a control and / or regulating unit, in particular a control and / or regulating unit of the wind tracking system and / or the control and / or regulating unit of the actuating device described elsewhere. In this way, a parameter to be taken into account and described elsewhere can be detected on site and taken into account in the setting of the wind tracking and / or of the adjusting device. The measurement signal can be a quantified variable of the wind direction, the wind speed, the wind speed change and / or a frequency of the wind speed change.Further details, features and advantages of the invention are evident from the following description of the preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the dependent claims. In this case, the respective features can be realized on their own or in combination with one another to a plurality thereof. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. The exemplary embodiments are schematically illustrated in the figures. Identical reference numerals in the individual figures denote identical or functionally identical elements or elements corresponding to one another with regard to their function.In detail, the following show: FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a first embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention; and FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a second embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention; and FIG. 3 is an isometric view of an adjusting device according to the invention; and FIG. 4 shows schematic representations of two embodiments of possible wing positions; and FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a first embodiment of a generator with a transmission according to the invention; and FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a second embodiment of a generator with a transmission according to the invention.FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of a first embodiment of a wind turbine 01 according to the invention. FIG. 1A shows an isometric view of the wind turbine 01 according to the invention, and FIG. 1B shows a side view of the wind turbine 01 according to the invention. The wind turbine 01 according to the invention comprises a blade 20. The wing 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum motion. The wind turbine 01 is arranged on a stand 30, wherein the stand 30 is about 0.5 m high. At the end of the blade 20 a winglet 25 is arranged which prevents swirling at the end of the blade.FIG. 2 shows an isometric view of a second embodiment of a wind turbine 01 according to the invention. The wind turbine 01 comprises a blade 20 which oscillates at an angle of oscillation 26. The pendulum angle 26 is approximately 180°. At the end of the wing 20, a winglet 25 is arranged. The wind turbine 01 likewise comprises a stand 30, In order for the blade 20 to be able to oscillate about the oscillation angle 26 of approximately 180°, the stand 30 in the second embodiment is of significantly larger configuration and is of approximately 3 m height. The wing 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum motion.FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of an adjusting device 30 according to the invention, FIG. 3A shows an isometric view, FIG. 3B shows a plan view and FIG. 3D shows a side view of the adjusting device 30 according to the invention, FIG. 3C shows a plan view, wherein a wing 20 which can be adjusted by the adjusting device 30 is shown in various positions. The wing 20 is shown in a sectional view in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C. The wing 20 is constructed in three parts with a main wing 22, a lift aid designed as a slat 23 which is arranged at the front edge of the main wing 22, and a lift aid designed as a split flap 24 which is arranged at the rear edge of the main wing 22. The adjusting device 30 comprises a servomotor 31 by means of which the angles of incidence of the wing parts 22, 23, 24 can be adjusted. In order to enable the angles of attack to be adjusted by a servomotor 31, the adjusting device 30 comprises a linkage 32, and in order to enable the wing parts 22, 23, 24 to be rotated in relation to the wind direction 61, they are arranged on a common base 33. It can be clearly seen in FIG. 3C that the adjusting device 30 adjusts the angle of incidence of the wing parts 22, 23, 24 in relation to the wind direction 61. The angle of attack may be influenced by one or more parameters, in particular wind speed, wind direction, wind speed change, frequency of wind speed change, deflection of the blade, acceleration of the blade, speed of the blade, direction of movement and / or safety requirements. In FIGS. 3A and 3D, a pendulum axis 27 can also be seen about which the wing 20 oscillates together with the adjusting device 30. Furthermore, FIGS. 3C and 3D show a housing 70 of the wind turbine 01, in which housing further components of the wind turbine 01 are arranged.FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically show two possible movement patterns of the wing 20, which are sectional views of the wing 20 in different positions. The symmetrical profile 21 of the main wing 22, the slat 23 and the split flap 24 can be seen well. The wind direction 61 in each case comes from the front and flows first onto the slat 23, then onto the main wing 22 and then over the split flap 24. The angle of attack 28 results from the rotation of the plane of symmetry of the individual wing parts 22, 23, 24 with respect to the wind direction 61, and the rotation produces a lifting force which displaces the wing 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow. In FIG. 4A, the individual wing parts 22, 23, 24 have approximately identical angles of attack 28. As a result, a greater lifting force can be achieved, so that the wing 20 experiences a greater acceleration at an identical wind speed.FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of a first embodiment of a generator 50 according to the invention, which in the present case is a linear generator, with a transmission 53. It comprises five toroidal coils 52 connected to the vane 20 by means of a connecting rod 54. If the wing 20 moves in a pendulum movement, the ring coils 52 are moved along rod-shaped permanent magnets 51. The change in the magnetic field induces current in the ring coils 52. In order to enable the pendulum movement, the wing 20 is adjusted by the adjusting device 30, so that lift forces acting in opposite directions are generated by the wind in alternation. The permanent magnets 51 are arranged in a straight line. The rectilinear movement of the ring coils 52 is made possible by the connecting rod crank rod 54, which has a slot for this purpose. The housing 70 protects the generator 50 from the influence of weathering and damage. The wing 20 is shown at the reversal point of the pendulum motion.FIGS. 6A and 6B show an isometric view of a second embodiment of a generator 50 according to the invention, which is a rotation generator 50 with a transmission 53, in particular a rectifier transmission. In order to convert the pendulum motion of the blade 20 about the pendulum axis 27 into a rotational motion, the wind turbine 01 comprises a gear box 53. the gear box 53 comprises first a connecting rod crank 54, which converts the rotational motion of the pendulum axis 27 into a rotational motion about an axis arranged in the housing 70. On this axis, a first bevel gear 55 and a second bevel gear 56 are arranged opposite the tooth flanks. The first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56 are each connected to the axle by means of a free wheel unit 58 so that they are each power-transmittingly driven in only one rotational direction, while when the axle rotates in the other direction they can rotate independently of the axle. The freewheel devices 58 thereby rotate freely in the opposite rotational direction. A third bevel gear 57 is arranged on the first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56 in such a way that its tooth flank engages in the tooth flanks of the first bevel gear 55 and the second bevel gear 56. Depending on the direction of rotation of the axis, the third bevel gear 57 is driven either by the first gear 55 or by the second gear 56, while the other rotates freely. By this construction, the third gear 57 is driven in a pulsating manner in one direction. The third gear 57 is connected to the rotation generator 55. This is likewise driven in a pulsating manner. It can be seen in FIG. 6B that the wind turbine 01 comprises a wind tracking 60. This rotates the wind turbine 01 on the stand 30 in such a way that the pendulum axis 27 is aligned in the wind direction 61 and the pendulum plane in which the blade 20 oscillates is as perpendicular as possible to the wind direction 61.References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedDE 10 2017 120 011 B3

[0003]

Claims

Wind turbine (01) comprising at least one blade (20) and at least one adjusting device (30), wherein the blade (20) is mounted on a preferably horizontal pendulum axis (27) for carrying out a pendulum movement in a preferably vertical plane, wherein the blade (20) is configured symmetrically and generating buoyancy, and wherein an angle of attack (28) of the blade (20) can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device (30), characterized in that the adjusting device (30) comprises at least one servomotor (31).Wind turbine (01) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the blade (20) is designed in multiple parts, with a main blade (22) having a symmetrical profile (21) and with at least one lift aid having a symmetrical profile (21), it being possible for the angle of attack (28) of the lift aid and the angle of attack (28) of the main blade (22) to be adjusted, preferably independently, by means of the adjusting device (30).Wind turbine (01) according to Claim 2, characterized in that at least one lift aid is arranged on the main wing leading edge, in particular as a slat (23), and / or on the main wing trailing edge, in particular as a split flap (24).Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade (20), in particular the main blade (22), comprises a winglet (25).Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) has a pendulum angle (26) of at least 0.5° and at most 180°, wherein the blade (20) oscillates at the pendulum angle (26) about the pendulum axis (27).Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) comprises a stand (40) having a height of at least 0.25 m.Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) comprises an engine, in particular a pump.Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) comprises a generator.Wind turbine (01) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the generator is a linear generator, wherein the linear generator comprises at least one bar-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet which is arranged in a fixed manner and at least one toroidal coil which is arranged around the bar-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet and is driven by the blade (20) and performs a pendulum movement along the bar-shaped and / or disc-shaped permanent magnet.Wind turbine (01) according to claim 9, characterised in that the toroidal coil is connected to the blade (20) via a connecting rod crank rod, so that the pendulum movement is executed straight.Wind turbine (01) according to claim 8, characterized in that the generator is a rotary generator.Wind turbine (01) according to claim 11, characterised in that the rotation generator is driven by means of a rectifier gear, wherein the rectifier gear comprises a drive axle driven by the blade (20) and executing a pendulum movement, wherein a first and a second bevel gear are arranged on the drive axle opposite the tooth flanks, wherein the first and the second bevel gear are connected to the drive axle by means of a freewheel unit, wherein the freewheel units freewheel in opposite rotational directions, wherein a third bevel gear is arranged in such a way that it can be driven by its tooth flank by the tooth flank of the first bevel gear and the tooth flank of the second gear.Wind turbine (01) according to Claim 12, characterized in that the drive axis is the pendulum axis (27), or in that the drive axis is connected to the pendulum axis (27) via a connecting rod connecting rod.Wind turbine (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) comprises a wind tracking system.Wind turbine (01) according to claim 14, characterized in that the wind turbine (01) comprises at least one slip ring and / or a rotary transformer.Wind power plant (01) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind power plant (01) comprises a weather station, wherein at least one measurement signal of the weather station is connected as an input to a control and / or regulating unit, in particular a control and / or regulating unit of the wind tracking system and / or the actuating device (30).

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