Park barrier

Abstract

Parking lock (1), comprising - a pawl (2) rotatable about a pawl axis (12), which in a locking position can be locked in a parking lock wheel (3) and in an unlocking position is disengaged from the parking lock wheel (3) and has two pawl legs (17, 18) which enclose a pawl groove (7), - a pivot bolt (5) rotatable about a pivot axis (15), via which the pawl (2) is supported in the locking position and which has a first pivot leg (25) which engages in the pawl groove (7), a pivot bolt spring (6) which pretensions the pivot bolt (5), characterized by a pawl spring (4) by which the pawl (2) is permanently subjected to force in the locking position.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a parking lock, comprising a pawl rotatable about a pawl axis, which in a locked position can be locked in a parking lock gear and in an unlocked position is disengaged from the parking lock gear, a pawl spring by which the pawl is permanently subjected to force in the locked position, a pivot bolt rotatable about a pivot axis, via which the pawl is supported in the locked position, a pivot bolt spring which pretensions the pivot bolt, wherein the pawl has two pawl legs which enclose a pawl groove, and that the pivot bolt has a first pivot leg which engages in the pawl groove.

[0002] The parking lock according to DE 10 2018 221 913 A1 is mounted on the transmission housing with a pawl and an actuating unit. The parking lock gear, located on the drivetrain, can be supported on a transmission housing via the pawl. The different mounting reference points result in tolerances that must be compensated. In particular, dimensional fluctuations occur due to manufacturing processes between the centering holes in the housing and the contact surface of the actuating unit that moves the pawl. Therefore, adjustments must always be made when installing the parking lock to ensure the exact positioning of the pawl in relation to the parking lock gear.

[0003] In other parking locks, such as FR 2 810 422 A, the adjustment work is shifted from the parking lock gear-pawl interface to the pawl-actuating mechanism interface. This has the disadvantage that the parking lock with its actuators cannot be provided as a prefabricated module, which in turn increases the assembly effort.

[0004] Parking locks are often actuated by rollers, wedges, or cones, as can be seen, for example, in CN 2 08 951 285 U or DE 10 2013 002 165 A1. What all parking locks have in common is that they and their actuators consist of a relatively large number of components and therefore take up a relatively large amount of space.

[0005] Further parking locks are known from CN 1 07 606 146 A, CN 2 10 128 073 U, CN 1 10 686 077 A, JP 2018- 158 619 A. Object of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to improve a parking lock and to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above.

[0007] The problem is solved by a parking lock with the features of claim 1.

[0008] The parking lock according to claim 1 has a pawl with two pawl legs that enclose a pawl groove. Furthermore, the pivot bolt has a first pivot leg that engages in the pawl groove. The spring-loaded pivot bolt locks the pawl as soon as it is in the locked position, the parking position. The parking lock requires fewer components than in the prior art, thus having a simpler structure and being easier to install. By combining two rotary movements—the rotary movement of the pawl around the pawl axis and the rotary movement of the pivot bolt around the pivot bolt axis—the parking lock is compact. A linear movement, for example, of a carriage, is not required.

[0009] Preferably, the pivot bolt axis and the pawl axis are aligned parallel to each other. Particularly preferably, the two axes are also parallel to the rotational axis of the parking lock gear. This allows all movements of the parking lock to take place in the same plane, which enables a particularly simple arrangement of the components as a module. In one embodiment, the parking lock has a holding unit that can be connected to a gearbox housing and on which both the pawl and the pivot bolt are mounted. The holding unit can accommodate the entire parking lock mechanism, including the actuators, and can be used as a fastening unit in a gearbox. In a further development, it enables pre-positioning of the components in such a way that the individual components can still be partially moved relative to one another on the holding unit to a limited extent.This allows tolerances to be compensated and adjustments to be made without sacrificing an easy-to-use module. The holding unit can be designed as a flat holding plate, which also saves installation space; however, it can also be designed as a spatial housing unit. Preferably, additional holding pins and support points for springs are integrated into it. A preliminary test can be carried out for this pre-assembled unit, making the actual assembly less complex. Such a module offers sufficient space to support the press-in forces on the opposite side that occur during the assembly of a latch bolt supporting the pawl and a pivot bolt supporting the swivel bolt. Alternatively, the springs can also be arranged on the latch bolt or the pivot bolt.

[0010] Alternatively, the individual components can also be mounted individually without a holding unit.

[0011] The swivel bolt can be manufactured as a cast or forged part, for example. Alternatively, it can be constructed in multiple parts, for example, from individual, thin sheets. These can be stamped and stacked together to accommodate the swivel lever pin, either pressed or welded.

[0012] In one embodiment of the invention, the first pawl leg has a locking shoulder against which the locking spring preloads the pivot bolt and by which the load on the pawl is supported in the locked position. The locking shoulder is designed, for example, as a recess in the middle of the pawl leg. When the parking lock is engaged, the pivot bolt does not yet rest against the recess. Only when the ratchet wheel rotates slowly enough and a tooth of the pawl can penetrate sufficiently deeply into one of the tooth gaps in the parking lock gear can the pivot bolt snap into the recess or the locking shoulder. If an external force on the vehicle then causes the parking lock gear to rotate, a moment is created on the pawl, which drives it out of the tooth gap. By being supported on the locking shoulder, the moment is transmitted via the pivot bolt and the pivot bolt into the transmission housing.

[0013] In a further development, the first pawl leg forms a pivot pin stop for the pivot pin. If the pivot pin hits this stop, it prevents the pivot pin from rotating further. This eliminates the need for the actuator activating the parking lock to remain in its actuated position. Rather, it can also be load-free in the parking lock's locked position. The pawl thus forms an end stop for the pivot pin and limits its angle of rotation.

[0014] In a further development, the pivot pin forms a pawl stop. If ratcheting occurs due to excessive speed of the parking lock gear, which requires a deflection movement, the pivot pin forms a temporary stop through which the ratcheting torque can be transmitted via the pivot pin and the pivot pin bolt into the transmission housing. This is preferably achieved by the pivot pin having a second pivot leg, which, together with the first pivot leg, forms a pivot pin groove in which the first pawl leg rests in a deflection position.

[0015] To unlock the parking lock, the first pivoting arm can apply force to a second pawl arm. In the locked position, the first pivoting arm is preferably spaced apart from the second pawl arm and only contacts it during the unlocking movement. The first pivoting arm rotates the pawl out of the locked position via this contact. Alternatively, the pivoting arm can also act on the front side of the first pawl arm.

[0016] In a further development, the parking lock has an actuator that acts on the second pivot arm to unlock the parking lock. The actuator can be movable parallel to the rotational axis of the parking lock gear, which enables a particularly simple arrangement. It can thus be mounted in the same direction as the pawl bolt and the pivot bolt bolt, which facilitates its reception in a retaining plate described above. In a preferred embodiment, the actuator has a cone that acts on the pivot bolt and is linearly displaceable. In the unlocked position, the cone has play with the pivot bolt. The cone can have two different ramp angles, with the flatter ramp angle contacting the pivot bolt first and exerting a relatively high force on the pivot bolt like a pointed wedge until it is pivoted out of the locking shoulder.Then, only the spring forces need to be overcome until the pawl is in the unlocked position and the parking lock gear can rotate freely. During the unlocking process, the actuator can be supported radially with the cone either in a bore in the transmission housing or on the retaining unit, which may have a support surface for this purpose.

[0017] Alternatively, the actuator can act on the pivot pin perpendicular to the rotational axis of the parking lock gear. In this case, the unit is even more compact in the direction of the rotational axis of the parking lock gear, since the rotational movements of the pawl and the pivot lever, as well as their actuation, all occur in the same plane.

[0018] In a further embodiment, the pivoting bolt of the parking lock has a third pivoting arm. An emergency release mechanism can act on the third pivoting arm. This can be designed as a pre-assembled screw, so that the parking lock can be released even if the actuator fails.

[0019] The parking lock can have a parking lock housing that does not need to enclose the parking lock on multiple sides. This housing can include the retaining element.

[0020] The pawl is a pawl movable around a pivot point and has a locking tooth at its end facing away from the pivot point, by means of which the pawl can be positively locked into a tooth profile arranged on the parking lock gear. On the side radially facing away from the parking lock gear from the locking tooth, the pawl has a pawl back with a pawl profile that contains the first and second pawl legs.

[0021] The pawl rests on the pivoting arm when the parking lock is engaged (P), the locked position. The vehicle may be a motor vehicle. The vehicle may be a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. The vehicle may have a drivetrain with a transmission. The transmission may be installed in an electric axle. The transmission may be a dedicated hybrid transmission. The transmission may be an automatic transmission.

[0022] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the description of the figures and the illustrations. Description of the drawings

[0023] The invention is described below with reference to the drawings, which show in detail: Fig. 1 a parking lock according to the invention with a parking lock wheel in a locking position in a cross section, Fig. 2 the parking lock Fig. 1 in an unlocked position, Fig. 3 the parking lock Fig. 1 in an exploded view, Fig. 4 the parking lock swivel lever Fig. 1 in an enlarged perspective view, Fig. 5 the parking lock latch Fig. 1 in an enlarged perspective view and Fig. 6 a rear view of a holding unit of the parking lock according to Fig. 1.

[0024] Fig. 1 shows a parking lock unit 21, which is formed from a parking lock 1, an actuator 9, and a parking lock gear 3. The parking lock 1 has a pawl 2 as a locking pawl, which is arranged on a pawl pin 22 and is rotatable about a pawl axis 12, wherein the pawl axis 12 runs parallel to the rotational axis 32 of the parking lock gear. When the pawl 2 is rotated, a pawl tooth 14, which is formed integrally with it and acts as a locking tooth, moves essentially in a radial direction with respect to the transmission main shaft (not shown). The parking lock 1 is intended for installation in a vehicle transmission of a motor vehicle and locks a parking lock gear 3, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission main shaft. For this purpose, the parking lock gear 3 has a locking toothing 16 arranged on its outer circumference, into which the ratchet tooth 14 positively locks in the locking position of the parking lock 1.In the unlocked position, the ratchet tooth 14 and the locking teeth 16 are disengaged.

[0025] The pawl 2 is permanently preloaded against the parking lock gear 3 by a pawl spring 4. This force thus exerts on the pawl 2, constantly attempting to press the pawl into one of the tooth gaps 31 of the locking teeth 16. In this case, the pawl spring 4 is arranged as a counterclockwise torsion spring on a first pawl spring pin 19 and is supported with one spring end on a second pawl spring pin 20 and with its other spring end on the pawl back 30 of the pawl 2. Alternatively, and not shown, the pawl spring 4 is designed as a compression spring.

[0026] The jack 2 is in the Fig. 1, the parking lock gear 3 is held in the locking position shown by a pivot bolt 5 in one of the tooth gaps 31, so that the parking lock gear 3 is prevented from turning or can only turn by a very small angle, but cannot rotate. The pivot bolt 5 is arranged on a pivot bolt pin 23 and is rotatable about a pivot axis 15, which is arranged parallel to the pawl axis 12 and the rotation axis 32. The pivot bolt 5 is preloaded by a pivot bolt spring 6. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, the pivot bolt spring 6 is arranged as a clockwise torsion spring on a first pivot bolt spring pin 33 and is supported with one spring end on a second pawl spring pin 34 and with its other spring end on a third pivot leg 28 of the pivot bolt 5. Alternatively, and not shown, the pivot bolt spring 6 is designed as a compression spring.

[0027] The Fig. 4, an enlarged view of the swivel bolt 5 has three arm-like pivoting legs 25, 26, 28. The first and second pivoting legs 25, 26 form a swivel bolt groove 27 in which a first pawl leg 17 of the pawl 2 is arranged. The swivel bolt groove 27 has a nearly rectangular cross-sectional profile at its groove base, corresponding to the shape of the first pawl leg 17. Further away from the groove base, the groove walls widen to allow relative rotation of the pawl 2 and the swivel bolt 5.

[0028] In addition to the first pawl leg 17, the latch 2 has a second pawl leg 18, both of which enclose a pawl groove 7. The pivot bolt 5 engages with its first pivot leg 25 in the pawl groove 7.

[0029] An actuator 9 in the form of a plunger acts on the second pivoting arm 26 and can rotate it counterclockwise. To unlock the parking lock 1, the actuator 9 presses against the second pivoting arm 26 of the pivoting bolt 5, causing it to rotate counterclockwise. As soon as the first pivoting arm 25 reaches the Fig. 1 has overcome the distance to the second pawl leg 18, it pulls the pawl 2 out of the tooth gap 31 with further counterclockwise rotation until the parking lock wheel 3 is released and the parking lock 1 is in the unlocked position ( Fig. 2). The pivot bolt 5 is used to move the latch 2 from the locked position. The latch 2 is held in the unlocked position until the actuator 9 returns to the parked position.

[0030] In the event of a malfunction of the actuator 9 or if it is de-energized, an emergency release mechanism 29 in the form of a screw is provided. This can act on the third pivot arm 28 and thus, in addition to the actuator 9, rotate the pivot bolt 5 against the pivot bolt spring 6. The emergency release thus also takes place via the pivot bolt 5.

[0031] If the parking lock is to be locked, the actuator 9 is moved to the parking position.

[0032] In the locking position after Fig. 1, the actuator 9 is in the parking position. In this position, the pawl tooth 14, provided it is not yet locked in the parking lock gear 3 and the parking lock gear 3 is rotating sufficiently slowly, can engage the tooth gap 31. The first pivoting leg 25 rotates the pawl 2 via the first pawl leg 17. The first pawl leg 17 forms a stepped groove wall directed towards the second pawl leg 18 such that a shoulder acting as a locking shoulder 8 separates an inner groove wall 35 from an outer groove wall 36. When the parking lock 1 is engaged, the first pivoting leg 25 initially rests against the inner groove wall 35. If the pawl 2 can engage sufficiently deeply with its pawl tooth 14 into the tooth gap 31, the pivoting bolt 5 snaps over the shoulder and rests against the locking shoulder 8.If, in this position, an external moment on the vehicle causes rotation of the parking lock gear 3, a moment is generated on the pawl 2 due to the inclined flank of the tooth gap 31 in the parking lock gear 3, causing it to attempt to unscrew from the tooth gap 31. However, because the pawl 2 is locked in the locking shoulder 8, the moment is supported by the pivot bolt 5 and transmitted into the transmission housing via the pivot bolt pin 23.

[0033] The outer groove wall 36 also represents an end stop 11 for the pivot bolt 5 and prevents it from rotating further. By supporting the pivot bolt 5 in the locked position, the actuator 9 can be held in this position without load.

[0034] If the rotational speed of the parking lock wheel 3 is too high when locking the parking lock, so that it has to be deflected and ratcheting occurs, the first pawl leg 17 together with the groove base 37 of the pivot bolt groove 27 forms a stop 24 in which the ratcheting torques are transmitted via the pivot bolt 5 and the pivot bolt pin 23 into the gearbox housing.

[0035] Out of Fig. 3 shows that the latch 2 with the latch spring 4 and the pivot bolt 5 with the pivot bolt spring 6 are arranged on a holding unit 10. This has a plate shape and has receptacles 38, 39 for the latch bolt 22 and the pivot bolt bolt 23.

[0036] Furthermore, the holding unit 10 supports the pawl spring pins 19, 20 and the pivot pin spring pins 33, 34. The holding unit 10 thus forms a parking lock unit 21 as a module. The module provides sufficient space to safely support the press-in forces that occur on the opposite side during assembly of the pawl pin 22 and the pivot pin 23. Preferably, it cannot be disassembled by hand and is attached as a preferably pre-tested unit to the transmission housing 13 (shown only schematically).

[0037] The holding unit 10 further comprises a pin 43 which prevents the latch 2 from pivoting too far from the pivot bolt 5 when not installed.

[0038] The transmission housing 13 has bores 40, 41 for supporting the pawl pin 22 and the pivot bolt 23, respectively. These bores absorb the forces exerted on the parking lock 1. Furthermore, a thread 42 is provided for receiving the emergency release means 29, which is designed as a screw.

[0039] The receptacles 38, 39 serve to pre-position the bolts 22, 23 for mounting the holding unit 10 in the gearbox. They are preferably circular and have a larger inner diameter than the corresponding outer diameter of the bolts 22, 23 to be held. They thus pre-position the bolts 22, 23 so that the holding unit 10 as a whole can be pushed by hand into the bores 40, 41. The holding unit 10 is Fig. 6 is shown enlarged. It is preferably designed as a simple component manufactured in a casting tool without a slide. List of reference symbols 1 parking lock 2 jacks 3 parking lock gear 4 pawl spring 5 swivel bolts 6 swivel bolt spring 7 latch groove 8 locking shoulder 9 Actuator 10 Holding unit 11 End stop 12 pawl axis 13 Gearbox housing 14 ratchet tooth 15 Swivel axis 16 locking teeth 17 first handle leg 18 second handle leg 19 first pawl spring pin 20 second pawl spring pin 21 Parking lock unit 22 latch bolts 23 swivel bolts 24 stops 25 first swivel leg 26 second swivel arm 27 Swivel bolt groove 28 third swivel leg 29 emergency release devices 30 handle backs 31 tooth gap 32 Rotation axis of the parking lock gear 33 first swivel bolt spring pin 34 second swivel bolt spring pin 35 inner groove wall 36 outer groove wall 37 groove base 38 recording 39 recording 40 holes 41 bore 42 threads 43 cones

Claims

[1] Parking lock (1), comprising - a pawl (2) rotatable about a pawl axis (12), which in a locking position can be locked in a parking lock wheel (3) and in an unlocking position is disengaged from the parking lock wheel (3) and has two pawl legs (17, 18) which enclose a pawl groove (7), - a pivot bolt (5) rotatable about a pivot axis (15), by means of which the pawl (2) is supported in the locking position and which has a first pivot leg (25) which engages in the pawl groove (7), a pivot bolt spring (6) which prestresses the pivot bolt (5), characterized by a pawl spring (4) by which the pawl (2) is permanently loaded into the locked position. [2] Parking lock according to claim 1, characterized bythat the first pawl leg (17) has a locking shoulder (8) against which the pivot bolt spring (6) preloads the pivot bolt (5) and by means of which the load on the pawl (2) is supported in the locked position. [3] Parking lock according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the first pivoting leg (25) contacts the second pawl leg (18) in the unlocked position. [4] Parking lock according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the pivot bolt (5) has a second pivot leg (26) which, together with the first pivot leg (25), forms a pivot bolt groove (27) in which the first latch leg (17) is supported in a deflection position. [5] Parking lock according to claim 4, characterized by an actuator (9) for unlocking the parking lock (1) which acts on the second pivot arm (26). [6] Parking lock according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the pivot bolt (5) has a third pivot leg (28) on which an emergency release means (29) acts. [7] Parking lock according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the pawl (2) has an end stop (11) for the swivel bolt (5), which limits the angle of rotation of the swivel bolt (5). [8] Parking lock according to claim 7, characterized by that when the end stop (11) is contacted by the swivel bolt (5), an actuator (9) actuating the swivel bolt is load-free. [9] Parking lock according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the parking lock (1) has a holding unit (10) which can be connected to a gearbox housing (13) and on which both the pawl (2) and the pivot bolt (5) are mounted. [10] Parking lock according to claim 9, characterized bythat the latch (2) is slidably received in the holding unit (10) via a latch bolt (22) or that the swivel bolt (5) is slidably received in the holding unit (10) via a swivel bolt bolt (23).

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