Park barrier

Abstract

The invention relates to a parking lock (1) comprising a pawl (2) which, in a locked position, can be locked in a parking lock wheel (3) and, in an unlocked position, is disengaged from the parking lock wheel (3), a pawl bolt (4) on which the pawl (2) is mounted, an actuating element (6) which can be pre-tensioned by a spring (5) and by which the pawl (2) can be moved into the locked position, and two side plates (7, 8) which laterally surround the pawl (2) and each have a bolt passage (14) for the pawl bolt (4). A support element (17) is attached to the side plates (7, 8), forms a guide for the actuating element (6) with them, and, viewed in the direction of actuation (12), is spring-loaded to the side plates (7, 8) exclusively outside the travel path of the actuating element (6).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a parking lock comprising a pawl which can be locked in a parking lock wheel in a locked position and is disengaged from the parking lock wheel in an unlocked position, a pawl bolt on which the pawl is mounted, an actuating element which can be pre-tensioned by a spring and moved in an actuation direction by which the pawl can be moved into the locked position, and two side plates which laterally surround the pawl and each have a passage for the pawl bolt.

[0002] The parking lock of an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, known from DE 101 44 063 A1, has a detent ring with detent recesses arranged on a transmission shaft. A pawl engages with the detent recesses when the device is locked by means of a pivoting selector lever and a linkage articulated to it. The linkage has rollers at its end, a second of which guides the linkage in an L-shaped guide plate. The guide plate is mounted in the housing of the automatic transmission. The second roller rolls on the guide plate during longitudinal movement of the linkage. The guide plate comprises a side wall and a horizontal wall. The horizontal wall of the guide plate has elongated holes. The side wall of the guide plate is a separate component and has crenellated projections along one edge.These projections are adapted in terms of their dimensions to the elongated holes of the horizontal wall and can engage in the openings of the horizontal wall by means of a press fit.

[0003] Parking locks according to DE 10 2018 221 913 A1 or DE 101 44 058 A1 are mounted to the gearbox housing using a pawl and an actuating unit. The parking lock wheel, located on the drive train, can be supported against the gearbox housing via the pawl. Tolerances arise from the different mounting reference points and must be compensated for. In particular, manufacturing-related dimensional variations occur between the centering bores in the housing and the contact surface of the actuating unit that moves the pawl. Therefore, adjustments must always be made during installation of the parking lock to precisely position the pawl relative to the parking lock wheel.While it is conceivable to shift the adjustment work from the interface between the parking lock wheel and the locking pawl to the interface between the locking pawl and the locking pawl's actuating mechanism, for example an electric motor, this leads to the disadvantage that the parking lock with its actuators cannot be provided as a prefabricated module, which in turn increases the assembly effort.

[0004] In DE 10 2018 131 263 B4, a movable plate is proposed that can tilt and thus compensate for manufacturing tolerances. By applying and releasing the load at the pawl contact and the gearbox housing / plate contact at two non-opposite contact points of the locking element, it can tilt until the two contact force vectors meet again on the central axis of the locking element. It has been found that this type of tolerance compensation is not sufficient in every case. Due to the usual guidance of the locking element on a guide rod and the insufficient degree of freedom between them, the angular compensation cannot be fully implemented. Consequently, the locking element is supported on the guide rod, a load is applied, and the guide rod bends. This leads to significant limitations in the function of the parking lock.

[0005] Further parking barriers are known from EP 3 620 688 A1, CN 1 10 878 834 A and CN 2 11 820 708 U. Object of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to improve a parking lock and to enable the same functionality with fewer components.

[0007] The problem is solved by a parking barrier with the features according to claim 1.

[0008] The parking lock features a support element for the actuating element. This support element makes contact with the actuating element and guides it. Viewed in the direction of actuation, i.e., in the direction in which the actuating element moves, it is spring-loaded to the side plates exclusively outside the actuating element's travel path. This support element allows for free lateral access to the parking lock, which simplifies installation and creates space for a pivoting actuator.

[0009] In one embodiment of the invention, the support element, together with the guide provided by the side plates, forms a three-point guide. This prevents the system from being over-constrained and prevents the actuating element from lifting off the side plates, for example, when unlocking the parking lock. Preferably, in cross-section, the contacts of the actuating element with the support element are arranged opposite those of the side plates in such a way that the contacts form an isosceles triangle.

[0010] The actuating element can be guided on the side plates. This means that, in cross-section, unlike a guide between the side plates, the contact points with the center of gravity of the actuating element form an angle other than 180°. The side plates therefore do not accommodate the actuating element between them, but rather form a support. This allows the side plates alone to perform a guiding function transverse to the direction of actuation, eliminating the need for additional components such as crossbeams or a guide rod for the actuating element. The side plates guide the actuating element, acting as a locking element for the pawl, during movement from the unlocked position (NP) to the locked position (P), preventing any uncontrolled contact. Furthermore, this design allows the actuating element to be freely accessible laterally above the support surface, simplifying the installation of the parking lock.For example, the actuating element can simply be placed onto the cut-out side plates. Such a parking lock also allows it to be mounted independently of the actuator that operates it.

[0011] The actuating element can be designed as a slide, but is preferably designed as a locking element that is at least partially conical. In a further development, the entire locking element can also be designed as a cone. Such a locking element can be manufactured in one piece with minimal effort and, unlike a slide, does not require bearings by rollers. Alternatively, it is only partially conical and can have a cylindrical shell section over which the locking element is preferably guided.

[0012] In a further development, the locking element can have a blind hole in which the spring is supported. Additionally or alternatively, it can have a constriction on its outer surface. This constriction minimizes the contact area with the side plates, thus reducing friction.

[0013] In a further development of the invention, the side plates form two guide rails for the actuating element. Since the force exerted on the pawl when inserting the actuating element does not need to be supported by the side plates, surface contact can be omitted due to the lack of support for high forces. A short line contact is sufficient, which can optionally be reduced to one or more point contacts by means of a conical shape. In particular, chamfering of the side plates is unnecessary, even though it could be done.

[0014] In a further training course, the two side panels are designed as identical parts. This simplifies assembly because components cannot be mixed up, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0015] Preferably, the side plates are arranged parallel to each other. The support element can be attached to the side plates, for example by riveting. Alternatively, the attachment can be such that the support element is held in the side plates with limited movement, allowing for tolerance compensation.

[0016] If the support element is arranged entirely within the planes defined by the side plates, the parking lock has a compact design. Preferably, the support element is a sheet metal plate arranged longitudinally parallel to the direction of actuation. It can taper in the area where it is not laterally enclosed by the side plates to minimize its mass.

[0017] The support element, viewed in the direction of actuation, can only be spring-mounted to the side plates outside the travel path of the actuating element, thus forming a guide for the actuating element. This allows the side plate to have a large clearance area. This clearance area provides space for additional components. In particular, an actuator can pivot into this area, so that the parking lock can be actuated by both a linear and a pivoting actuator. The actuator's travel path is defined by the distance between the locked position P and the unlocked position NP and can be limited, in particular, by end stops.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the parking lock, a centering bolt embedded in the spring is received in a centering bolt guide. The centering bolt guide is held in the side plates and forms a base for the spring, which is preferably designed as a helical compression spring. Simultaneously, the two side plates can be supported against each other via the centering bolt guide.

[0019] Further mutual support can be achieved preferably by two spacer sleeves, through which the side plates of the parking lock can be screwed to a gearbox housing. For this purpose, the side elements have two screw holes. One of the screw holes can be arranged collinearly with the hole for the locking pawl bolt and the point where the support element is connected to the side elements, whereby the collinearity does not necessarily have to refer to the centers of the holes. Such side elements have a compact design.

[0020] The parking lock has defined end positions in the form of end stops for changing from P to NP. In a further development of the invention, at least one end stop is integrated into one of the side plates. This eliminates the need for a separate component and reduces the tolerance chain.

[0021] In one embodiment of the invention, both side plates together form an end stop, so that the actuating element is uniformly supported. Preferably, each side plate has two end stops, namely the end stop at P and at NP. This means that the entire travel path of the actuating element is defined by the side plates, so that both end positions are clearly defined and have a short tolerance range.

[0022] Each of the end stop components, the actuating element or the side plates, can have a convex shape. This ensures that even if the actuating element tilts slightly, it still strikes the end stop perpendicularly.

[0023] The pawl bolt forms an axis around which the pawl can rotate. It can be made of solid material or be designed as a hollow cylinder. It is preferably manufactured separately from the pawl and the side plates.

[0024] A return spring for the pawl can be arranged on the pawl bolt, with one end of the return spring attached to the pawl and the other end of the spring attached to the side plate.

[0025] The pawl is pivotable about the axis of rotation of the pawl bolt. It forms a pawl movable along this axis, with a locking tooth at its end furthest from the axis of rotation. This tooth allows the pawl to be positively locked into a toothed profile arranged on the parking lock wheel. On the side radially away from the locking tooth on the parking lock wheel, the pawl has a pawl back with a pawl profile that is actuated by the actuating element when the parking lock is engaged. The pawl profile can be a profile in the narrower sense, such that it is designed as a profiled surface. In one variant, the pawl profile is a flat surface with a raised section, so that a positive locking mechanism also exists on the pawl back in the locked position.

[0026] The direction of actuation is defined by the direction of movement of the actuating element and preferably runs along a straight line. The side plates are preferably stamped and manufactured in one piece from sheet metal. The parking lock may include further housing components which, together with the side plates, form a parking lock housing.

[0027] The parking lock can be intended for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. The vehicle can be a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. The vehicle can have a powertrain with a transmission. The transmission can be integrated into an e-axle. The transmission can be a dedicated hybrid transmission. The transmission can be an automatic transmission.

[0028] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description of the figures and the illustrations. Description of the drawings

[0029] The invention is described below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show, in detail: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a parking lock according to the invention with a parking lock wheel on a transmission shaft, Fig. 2 the parking lock with the parking lock wheel and the transmission shaft Fig. 1 in a supervisory role, Fig. 3 an enlarged view of detail III of the parking barrier Fig. 2, Fig. 4 an exploded view of the parking lock with the parking lock wheel and the transmission shaft according to Fig. 1, Fig. 5. The parking lock with the parking lock wheel and the transmission shaft. Fig. 1 in a side view in the locked position, Fig. 6. The parking lock with the parking lock wheel and the transmission shaft. Fig. 1 in a side view in the unlocked position and Fig. 7 the enlarged representation of a side plate of the parking lock according to Fig. 1.

[0030] Fig. Figure 1 shows a parking lock unit 21, which consists of a parking lock 1, an actuator plunger 22 (shown only schematically) of an actuator (not shown further), and a parking lock wheel 3. The parking lock 1 has a pawl 2 that is rotatable about a pivot axis 30. When the pawl 2 is rotated, a pawl tooth 23, formed integrally with it, moves as a locking tooth essentially in a radial direction with respect to a transmission shaft 24. The parking lock 1 is intended for installation in a vehicle transmission of a motor vehicle and causes the parking lock wheel 3 to lock in place, which is non-rotatably connected to the transmission shaft 24. For this purpose, the parking lock wheel 3 has a locking tooth 29 arranged on its outer circumference, into which the pawl tooth 23 engages positively in the locked position of the parking lock. In the unlocked position, the pawl tooth 23 and the locking teeth 29 are disengaged.

[0031] The pawl 2 is held by a return spring 28, which prevents the pawl from unintentionally locking against the parking lock wheel 3 due to gravity when unloaded. The return spring 28 is designed as a shaped spring and is hooked onto the pawl 2 at one end. It surrounds the pawl bolt 4 with several coils and is supported at the other end in spring recesses 27 ( Fig. 7), which are incorporated into side panels 7, 8.

[0032] The parking lock 1 has an actuating element 6 which can be pre-tensioned by a spring 5, so that the parking lock 1 can be locked even in the event of a malfunction of the actuator by moving the actuating element 6 so that it brings the pawl 2 into the locking position or, in the case of a tooth-on-tooth position of the pawl tooth 23 with the locking toothing 29, at least pre-loads it so that a locking occurs with a small movement of the parking lock wheel 3.

[0033] The spring 5 surrounds a centering bolt 9, which prevents the spring 5 from buckling. The spring 5 is secured in a centering bolt guide 10, which is designed as a perforated sheet metal plate. The centering bolt guide 10 is in turn secured in the side plates 7, 8 in receptacles 11, preferably by riveting. The spring 5 is supported in a blind hole 35 on the actuating element 6.

[0034] The parking lock 1 further comprises a first side plate 7 and a second side plate 8, which are arranged parallel to each other as housing walls. Both side plates 7, 8 are spaced apart from each other by several, in this case two, spacer sleeves 33. For this purpose, the two side plates 7, 8 have sleeve recesses 13 into which the spacer sleeves 33 are received. These have a stepped outer contour with an inner cylindrical section 15 that has a larger outer radius than the two outer cylindrical sections 16. The spacer sleeves 33 can thus position the two side plates 7, 8 relative to each other and support them against each other. Furthermore, as hollow cylinders, they allow the parking lock 1 to be attached to the gearbox (not shown) by forming sleeves for screws 32. Together with the centering bolt guide 10, they ensure the rigidity of the side plates 7, 8 as a parking lock housing.The side plates 7, 8 each have a bolt passage 14 for the locking pawl bolt 4.

[0035] The side plates 7, 8 are designed as lightweight parts.

[0036] The actuating element 6 is guided by two guide edges 25 of the side plates 7, 8. The actuating element 6 can slide linearly along these guide edges in an actuation direction 12, thus forming guide rails. The possible movement is limited by two end stops 37, 38, which define the possible travel 36 for the actuating element 6. Both end stops 37, 38 are integrated into the side plates 7, 8. In this case, the second end stop 38, on the unlocking side, is convex to ensure that even if the actuating element tilts slightly or due to manufacturing inaccuracies, the applied forces are supported as vertically as possible.By integrating the end stops 37, 38 into the sheet metal parts 7, 8, separate end stops can be eliminated. Furthermore, this creates a free-cut space 39, which allows for the removal of material from the side plates 7, 8, thus enabling the actuating element to be designed as a short and accessible cone. Due to this open design, the parking lock can be actuated not only by a linearly moving actuator plunger 22, but also by an actuator (not shown) that performs a pivoting movement. The free-cut area in the thus reduced side plates 7, 8 saves additional mass and installation space.

[0037] A support element 17 is arranged radially opposite the actuating element 6 with respect to the pawl 2. The support element 17 preferably allows both the support of the parking lock torques in the gearbox housing and further guidance for the actuating element 6. Together with the guide edges 25, the actuating element is thus supported at three support points 26 in cross-section, so that a secure, neither over- nor under-determined three-point guidance is provided.

[0038] The support element 17 is designed as a sheet metal part that is received in support element receptacles 31 of the side plates 7, 8 and is attached exclusively there. In this area of ​​its attachment, it has a greater width, corresponding to the distance formed by the spacer sleeves 33, than in its guide area 34 facing the actuating element 6. Reference symbol list 1 parking barrier 2 locking pawls 3 parking lock wheel 4 pawl bolts 5 springs 6 Actuating element 7 first side panel 8 second side panel 9 centering bolts 10 Centering bolt feedthrough 11th entry 12. Direction of operation 13 shell recesses 14 bolt feedthrough 15 inner cylinder section 16 outer cylinder section 17 Support element 18 Front 19 Surface area 20 Constriction 21 parking barrier units 22 Actuator plungers 23 Clasp tooth 24 Gear shaft 25 Guide edge 26 support point 27 Spring recess 28 Return spring 29 Locking teeth 30 Rotary axis 31 Support element receptacle 32 screw 33 Spacer sleeve 34 Management area 35 blind hole 36 Travel distance 37 first end stop 38 second end stop Room 39

Claims

[1] Parking barrier (1), showing - a locking pawl (2) which can be locked in a locking position in a parking lock wheel (3) and is disengaged from the parking lock wheel (3) in an unlocking position, - a pawl bolt (4) on which the pawl (2) is mounted, - an actuating element (6) which can be pre-tensioned by a spring (5) and is movable in an actuation direction (12), by which the locking pawl (2) can be moved into the locked position, - two side plates (7, 8) which laterally surround the pawl (2) and each have a bolt passage (14) for the pawl bolt (4), - a support element (17) which is attached to the side plates (7, 8), - characterized by, that the support element (17), viewed in the direction of actuation (12), is attached exclusively outside the travel path of the actuating element (6) on the spring side to the side plates (7, 8) and forms a guide for the actuating element (6) with these. [2] Parking barrier according to claim 1, characterized by , that the actuating element (6) is at least partially conical or cylindrical. [3] Parking barrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the support element (17) together with the side plates (7, 8) forms a three-point guide for the actuating element (6). [4] Parking barrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the parking lock (1) has a pivoting actuator by which the spring (5) can be pre-tensioned via the actuating element (6). [5] Parking barrier according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the side plates (7, 8) are arranged parallel to each other and the support element (17) is arranged within the planes spanned by the side plates (7, 8) and in its longitudinal direction parallel to the actuation direction (12) and is designed as a sheet. [6] Parking barrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the side elements (7, 8) have two sleeve recesses (13), one of the sleeve recesses (13) being arranged collinearly with the bolt passage (14) for the locking pawl bolt (4) and the fastening of the support element (17). [7] Parking barrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the actuating element (6) has end faces (18) and a cylindrical surface (19) which has a constriction (20) spaced apart from the end faces (18). [8] Parking barrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the side plates (7, 8) are designed as identical parts. [9] Parking barrier according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that one of the side plates (7, 8) has at least one end stop (37, 38) for the actuating element (6). [10] Parking barrier according to claim 9, characterized by , that the at least one end stop (37, 38) is designed as a convex sheet metal edge of one of the side sheets (7, 8).

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