Backrest element for a seating arrangement of a means of transport

Abstract

The invention relates to a backrest element for a seat arrangement of a passenger transport means comprising a support element on which at least one cushion element is arranged, wherein the backrest element comprises a heat / fire shielding device which is only fastened to the backrest element, wherein the heat / fire shielding device comprises at least one flat element and is integrated into the at least one cushion element in a lower region of the backrest element along a height axis.

Description

The invention relates to a backrest element for a seat arrangement of a passenger transport means comprising a carrier element on which at least one upholstery element is arranged.Such passenger transport means are, for example, rail vehicles such as trains, subway trains, tram trains, etc., or buses. Fire protection in passenger transport means is particularly important. A heat and / or fire seat on the seat part of a passenger seat can cause greater fires and thus lead to severe damage in the passenger transport means and / or to hazards to passengers. In this connection, the requirements for passenger seats have been further exacerbated in European Fire Standard EN 45545 August 2020 edition.It is an object of the present invention to provide a seat arrangement which provides improved fire protection.The object is achieved by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be taken from the dependent claims.The core idea of the invention is a backrest element for a seat arrangement of a passenger transport means comprising a carrier element on which at least one upholstery element is arranged, wherein the backrest element comprises a heat / fire shielding device which is fastened only to the backrest element, wherein the heat / fire shielding device comprises at least one planar element and is integrated into the at least one upholstery element in a region of the backrest element which is lower along a height axis (Z).The at least one planar element serves as an effective heat / fire shield, which effectively and easily inhibits or prevents the fire from spreading. Because the heat / fire shielding device is fastened only to the backrest element, a particularly simple construction of a seat arrangement is provided. In particular, the heat / fire shielding device is not mounted or fastened on a framework of the seat arrangement, but rather is fastened or mounted exclusively on the backrest element. A backrest element can thus be produced which already comprises a heat / fire shielding device. This can then be mounted on a seat part and / or on a frame element of the seat arrangement. This allows particularly simple installation of the seat arrangement.A planar element is understood to mean an element having an extent along a width direction and a height direction which is substantially greater than an extent of the element in a depth direction (thickness). The planar element can preferably have any desired shape, for example a rectangular shape. Furthermore, the planar element can have at least one curvature along an axis which is not in a plane of the width direction and height direction.Preferably, the backrest element extends along a height axis (Z), a depth axis (X) and a width axis (Y).The support element of the backrest element is preferably suitable and provided for supporting the at least one upholstery element. Furthermore, further components, for example a headrest or cladding element(s), can be arranged on the carrier element. Furthermore, the carrier element can be connected to a seat part of the seat arrangement or to a frame element of the seat arrangement. The carrier element can preferably be designed as a shell element, as a framework or the like.The cushioning element preferably consists of at least one cushioning layer. It would be conceivable for only one or more cushioning layers to be provided. Advantageously, a cover is provided on the cushioning layer. The at least one planar element can advantageously be arranged within the at least one cushion layer or along a depth axis (X) behind at least one cushion layer. However, it would also be conceivable for at least one cushioning layer to be provided along the depth axis (X) between the occupant and the at least one flat element. Further intermediate layers between the cover and the upholstery layer and / or between the upholstery layer and the at least one heat / fire shielding device would also be conceivable. The at least one heat / fire shielding device thus does not represent any loss with regard to the comfort of the occupant. Due to the at least one cushion layer, the at least one planar element is hardly perceptible by the occupant. Preferably, the planar element is at least partially foamed around with the material forming the cushioning element.According to a preferred embodiment, the heat / fire shielding device is arranged on the carrier element by means of a storage device. The planar element is preferably designed as a plate-like element, for example a metal sheet. Preferably, the planar element is arranged centrally on the backrest element along the width axis (Y).It is advantageous that the at least one planar element consists at least partially of a refractory material and / or a thermally conductive material and / or a metal.According to a further preferred embodiment, the heat / fire shielding device is designed and provided in such a way that, when a heat and / or fire source occurs, the at least one flat element is at least partially displaced toward the heat and / or fire source.Due to the displacement of the at least one planar element toward the heat and / or fire seat, the latter is at least partially covered from above by the at least one planar element. The at least one planar element accordingly serves as an effective heat / fire shield, which effectively and easily inhibits or prevents the fire from spreading.The heat and / or fire seat often arises on the seat part of the seat arrangement, for example triggered by insightness or videndalism. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the at least one heat / fire shielding device is arranged along the height axis (Z) above the seat part. Accordingly, the at least one heat / fire shielding device is advantageously designed and provided in such a way that, when a heat and / or fire seat occurs on the seat part, the at least one flat element is displaced at least in sections toward the seat part. A heat or fire source is thus shielded by the at least one heat / fire shielding device. The seat back of the seat assembly is thus prevented from catching fire. Furthermore, a fire is prevented from reaching over the device of the passenger transport means above the seat arrangement.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that, in the event of a heat and / or fire source, the stability of the at least one cushioning layer or further layers, which are provided in front of the at least one plate-like element, is first weakened or damaged by the action of heat and / or fire. As a result of this weakening or damage, these layers no longer prevent the displacement of the at least one flat element toward the heat and / or fire seat. It would also be conceivable for the cushioning layer and the optionally provided further layers to have predetermined breaking points in front of the at least one planar element, which predetermined breaking points make possible a displacement in the event of heat or fire action. It would also be conceivable for the cushioning layer and the optionally provided further layers to have a recess in the region of the at least one planar element in front of the at least one planar element, wherein a separate cushioning layer or optionally provided further layers are arranged on the at least one planar element.According to a further preferred embodiment, the storage device comprises a pretensioning mechanism which provides a pretensioning for the at least one planar element against a section of the upholstery element. The at least one planar element is thus advantageously pressed with the prestress against a section of the upholstery element. The effect of heat and / or fire causes at least a weakening of the stability of the section of the cushioning element, so that a displacement of the at least one flat element takes place due to the prestress. The section of the cushioning element thus holds the at least one planar element in its basic position. In this basic position, the prestressing mechanism provides prestressing. If a heat and / or fire source then preferably occurs on the seat part, the portion of the upholstery element and, if appropriate, the cover and further layers are damaged by the effect thereof, so that the stability of the upholstery element is weakened. From a certain degree of weakening, the prestress is sufficient to drive the at least one planar element and thus to cause a displacement of the at least one planar element toward the heat and / or seat of the fire.Preferably, the biasing mechanism comprises a torsion spring, also called a torsion spring. Preferably, two torsion springs are provided. Of course, other elements are also conceivable which can generate a prestress, for example compression springs or elastic elements.According to a further embodiment, the at least one plate-like element can comprise at least one frame on which a fabric is arranged. The covering preferably consists of a refractory material and / or a "fire blocker". Fire blockers are referred to as flame retardant textile-like materials, for example fleeces. The at least one frame can advantageously be a tubular frame or a frame of struts. The at least one frame can preferably be made of a metal, for example steel. The at least one frame with the refractory covering can preferably be driven with the prestressing mechanism according to the aforementioned embodiment.According to a further preferred embodiment, the at least one planar element has at least one spring plate which provides a prestress for the at least one planar element against a section of the upholstery element. Preferably, a heat and / or fire effect causes at least a weakening of the stability of the section of the cushioning element, so that a displacement of a section of the at least one flat element takes place due to the prestress. In a basic state, i.e. a usual state of use of the backrest element or of the seat arrangement, in which no heat and / or fire action prevails, the at least one spring plate thus has a bend, by means of which the prestress is generated. The planar element can preferably be designed completely as a spring sheet. However, it would also be conceivable for certain regions to be designed as spring sheet metal. The spring sheet preferably has slots which can serve, for example, for fastening. According to this advantageous embodiment, the bearing device preferably does not comprise any further prestressing device. Preferably, the bearing device provides a fixed connection between the carrier element and the flat element. Such a connection can be a cohesive connection and / or a positive connection and / or a force-fit connection. Exemplary connections are welded connections, screw connections, rivet connections, plug or snap connections, etc.According to a further advantageous embodiment, a plurality of heat / fire shielding devices are provided. Advantageously, these heat / fire shielding means may comprise plate-like elements having different sizes. Thus, for example, along the depth axis (X) and / or along the height axis (Z) and / or along the width axis (Y), a plurality of heat / fire shielding devices with increasing size or with increasing dimensions could be arranged one behind the other. The heat / fire shielding devices can be triggered by a predetermined sequence, i.e. the displacement of the individual heat / fire shielding devices is predetermined such that a propagation of the fire can be controlled or controlled in a targeted manner.According to a further preferred embodiment, the at least one planar element is arranged on the carrier element in such a way that, when heat and / or fire is applied, a major part of a melt of regions of the cushioning element which are arranged along the height axis (Z) above the at least one planar element is predominantly discharged downward behind the at least one planar element and is thus conducted away from the heat and / or fire source. Preferably, the at least one planar element absorbs heat from the heat and / or fire source and preferably releases it to the regions of the cushioning element which lie above the at least one planar element.The heat and / or fire seat is usually located on the seat part of the seat arrangement. As a result of the heat and / or fire action, the section of the mail element is first melted off in front of the at least one flat element. As already described, according to one embodiment, such a melting off can cause a movement of the at least one planar element. However, an advantageous configuration in which the at least one planar element is immovable would also be conceivable. The at least one planar element would thus be arranged fixedly and rigidly on the carrier element. After the portion of the cushioning element in front of the at least one planar element has been melted or burnt, the heat of the heat and / or fire source is reflected by the at least one planar element and / or absorbed by the latter. This heat absorption ensures that the regions of the cushioning element above the at least one flat element are melted by a corresponding heat transfer. However, the melt is now discharged rearward along the depth axis (X) by the at least one planar element. The melt thus does not reach the heat and / or fire source, whereby the latter cannot enlarge. This advantageous effect can be made possible by a displaceably mounted planar element, but also by a fixed planar element. According to a further advantageous embodiment, in a basic state, the at least one planar element is arranged in a plane which encloses an angle α with the height axis (Z). The angle α is preferably in a range between 5° and 45°, preferably in a range between 10° and 25°. Advantageously, said basic state is the usual state of use of the backrest element or of the seat arrangement, in which no heat and / or fire action prevails.By means of the aforementioned advantageous arrangement of the planar element with the angle α, the planar element extends obliquely upwards. By such a configuration, the described discharge of a large part of the melt of the upper regions of the cushioning element toward the rear can be made possible.If the at least one planar element is designed as a dimensionally stable element, for example a sheet metal, the mentioned advantageous arrangement of the planar element with the angle α can also provide a lordosis / kyphosis support in the lumbar vertebra region of the occupant in addition to the heat / fire shielding. The planar element preferably extends obliquely upwards and towards the occupant.By means of the aforementioned advantageous arrangement of the planar element with the angle α, the cushioning element preferably has a wedge-shaped cutout behind the planar element along the depth axis (X). A wedge-shaped insert element can advantageously be inserted into this wedge-shaped recess, which fills the recess.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one planar element is designed as a film element which is arranged on a section of the at least one upholstery element. preferably the film element is adhesively bonded to the at least one upholstery element. The film element preferably consists of a metal or a metal alloy. For example, the foil element could be an aluminum foil. Preferably, the thickness of the film element is designed such that it has sufficient mechanical strength and also sufficient thermal strength. Preferably, the thickness of the film element is in a range between 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm, more preferably in a range between 0.1 mm and 0.4 mm. This film element makes it possible to discharge a large part of the melt of the upper regions of the cushioning element to the rear as described. Moreover, such a film element can be easily integrated in the backrest element and does not cause any influence on the seating comfort of the occupant.The object is furthermore achieved by a seat arrangement according to one of the above-described embodiments. The seat arrangement can be equipped with all the features already described above within the scope of the backrest element individually or in combination with one another and vice versa.The seat arrangement preferably comprises the backrest element, a seat part and a frame element on which the backrest element and the seat part are arranged.The object is furthermore achieved by a passenger transport means with a seat arrangement according to one of the embodiments described above. The passenger transport means can be equipped with all the features already described above in the context of the backrest element or the seat arrangement individually or in combination with one another and vice versa.Further advantages, goals and properties of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of the attached figures. Like components may have like reference numerals in the various embodiments. The figures show: FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the backrest element with a heat / fire shielding device according to one embodiment; FIG. 2 shows an illustration of the backrest element with a heat / fire shielding device according to one embodiment; FIG. 3 is a top view of the backrest element according to an embodiment; FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the backrest element with a heat / fire shielding device according to one embodiment; FIG. 5 is a view of the wedge-shaped insert element according to an embodiment; FIG. 6 shows a view of the planar element according to one embodiment; FIG. 7 shows a view of the planar element according to one embodiment FIG. 8 is a view of a heat / fire shielding device according to an embodiment; FIG. 9 shows a side view of the backrest element according to a further embodiment; FIG. 10 is a side view of a seat assembly with a backrest element.FIGS. 1 to 4 and 9 show a backrest element 1 for a seat arrangement 100 of a passenger transport means, comprising a carrier element 2 on which at least one upholstery element 3 is arranged, wherein the backrest element 1 comprises a heat / fire shielding device 4 which is fastened only to the backrest element 1, wherein the heat / fire shielding device 4 comprises at least one planar element 5 and is integrated into the at least one upholstery element 3 in a region 1 aof the backrest element 1 which is lower along a height axis Z.The seat arrangement 1 extends along a height axis Z, a depth axis X and a width axis Y.The support element 2 of the backrest element 1 is suitable and provided for supporting the at least one upholstery element 3. Further components, for example a headrest or cladding element(s), can furthermore be arranged on the carrier element 2. For this purpose, corresponding receptacles 9 are provided, as can be seen in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 9. The carrier element 2 can preferably be designed as a shell element, as a framework or the like.FIG. 10 shows a side view of a seat arrangement 100, which can be mounted directly on the passenger transport means or else on a foot part or a substructure. The seat arrangement 100 comprises a seat part 101 and a frame element 102, on which the seat part 101 and the backrest element 1 are arranged. According to the embodiment, no separate headrest is provided, since it is already formed by the backrest element 1. Of course, however, separate headrests can also be provided.The at least one planar element 5 consists at least partially of a refractory material and / or a thermally conductive material and / or a metal. The at least one planar element 5 can be configured, for example, as a plate-like element. FIG. 6 shows a section of such a flat element 5. A planar element 5 is to be understood as an element having an extent along a width direction and a height direction which is substantially greater than an extent of the element in a depth direction (thickness). A substantially rectangular element is shown in the figures. However, this is not intended to limit generality.The heat / fire shielding device 4 can be designed and provided in such a way that, when a heat and / or fire source occurs, the at least one flat element 5 is at least partially displaced toward the heat and / or fire source. Due to the displacement of the at least one planar element 5 towards the heat and / or fire seat, the latter is at least partially covered from above by the at least one planar element 5. The at least one planar element 5 thus serves as an effective heat / fire shield, which effectively and easily inhibits or prevents the fire from spreading.However, the at least one planar element 5 can also be arranged in a fixed manner.The at least one planar element 5 is arranged on the carrier element 2 in such a way that, in the event of the action of heat and / or fire, a large part of a melt of regions 3 bof the cushioning element 3, which are arranged along the height axis Z above the at least one planar element 5, is discharged downward behind the at least one planar element 5 and is thus discharged away from the heat and / or fire oven. This advantage is present both in the case of an at least one flat element 5 which is also arranged in a fixed manner and in the case of an at least one flat element 5 which is arranged in a displaceable manner.If the at least one planar element 5 is arranged in a fixed manner, it can be a dimensionally stable element or else a film element. The film element can be arranged on a section of the at least one cushioning element 3. This can be effected, for example, by an adhesive connection.The heat / fire shielding device 4 can be arranged on the carrier element 2 by means of a storage device 6. In the case of a fixedly arranged at least one flat element 5, this bearing device 6 can be a cohesive connection and / or a positively locking connection and / or a non-positively locking connection.According to one embodiment, the bearing device 6 can comprise a pretensioning mechanism 7 which provides a pretensioning for the at least one planar element 5 against a section 3 aof the upholstery element 3. Furthermore, the bearing device 6 can comprise a shaft on which the planar element 5 is arranged. The pretensioning mechanism 7 can comprise, for example, at least one torsion spring element which acts on the shaft and thus the planar element. The will is furthermore arranged on the carrier element 2. The effect of heat and / or fire causes at least a weakening of the stability of this section 3 aof the cushioning element 3, so that a displacement of the at least one flat element 5 takes place due to the prestress. Such a configuration is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 8.According to one embodiment, the at least one planar element 5 can have at least one spring sheet or consist entirely of a spring sheet. A spring plate is an elastically deformable plate. If the spring plate is in its deformed shape, it then comes to return to the original shape. By the configuration with the at least one spring plate, a prestress for the at least one planar element 5 is provided against a section 3 aof the upholstery element 3. The effect of heat and / or fire causes at least a weakening of the stability of this section 3 aof the upholstery element, so that a displacement of a section of the at least one flat element 5 takes place due to the prestress.It can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 4 that the heat / fire shielding device 5 is integrated in the backrest element 3 and is arranged in a lower region 1 aof the backrest element 1. In this case, the at least one planar element 5 is arranged within the at least one upholstery element 3. A cover can furthermore be provided on the upholstery element 3. It is also conceivable that further intermediate layers are provided. The heat / fire shielding device 4 is therefore neither visible nor perceptible to an occupant in the normal state.In a basic state, i.e. in a state of usual use of the seat arrangement, the at least one planar element 5 is arranged in a plane 8 which encloses an angle α with the height axis Z, wherein the angle α lies in a range between 5° and 45°, preferably in a range between 10° and 25°. Due to this arrangement, the cushioning element 3 has a wedge-shaped recess 10 behind the flat element 5 along the depth axis X. Through this recess, the melt of the above-mentioned upper regions 3 bof the cushioning element 3 can be discharged rearward. In the basic state, a wedge-shaped insert element 11 is in this wedge-shaped recess 10. This could preferably be a material which melts more quickly to allow a corresponding channel for the melting of the upper regions 3 bof the cushioning element 3.The applicant reserves the right to claim all the features disclosed in the application documents as essential to the invention, provided they are novel, individually or in combination, compared with the prior art. It is also pointed out that features have also been described in the individual figures, which features may be advantageous per se. The skilled person directly recognizes that a specific feature described in a figure can also be advantageous without the adoption of further features from this figure. Furthermore, the skilled person recognizes that advantages can also result from a combination of a plurality of features shown in individual figures or in different figures.List of reference characters1 Backrest element 1 alow region of the backrest element 2 Carrier element 3 Cushion element 3 asegment of the cushion element 3 bregions of the cushion element 4 Heat / fire shielding device 5 Planar element 6 Bearing device 7 Prestressing mechanism 8 Plane 9 Receptacles 10 Cutout 11 Wedge-shaped insert element 100 Seat arrangement 101 Seat part 102 Frame element α Angle X Depth axis Y Width axis Z Height axis

Claims

Backrest element (1) for a seat arrangement (100) of a passenger transport means, comprising a carrier element (2) on which at least one upholstery element (3) is arranged, characterized in that the backrest element (1) comprises a heat / fire shielding device (4) which is fastened only to the backrest element (1), wherein the heat / fire shielding device (4) comprises at least one planar element (5) and is integrated into the at least one upholstery element (3) in a region (1a) of the backrest element (1) which is lower along a height axis (Z).Backrest element (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat / fire shielding device (4) is arranged on the carrier element (2) by means of a bearing device (6), wherein the at least one planar element (5) consists at least partially of a refractory material and / or a thermally conductive material and / or a metal.Backrest element (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat / fire shielding device (4) is designed and provided in such a way that, in the event of a heat and / or fire seat occurring, the at least one planar element (5) is displaced at least in sections towards the heat and / or fire seat.Backrest element (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the bearing device (6) comprises a prestressing mechanism (7) which provides a prestress for the at least one planar element (5) against a section (3a) of the upholstery element (3), wherein a heat and / or fire effect causes at least one weakening of the stability of the section of the upholstery element (3), so that a displacement of the at least one planar element (5) takes place on account of the prestress, wherein the prestressing mechanism (7) comprises at least one torsion spring element.Backrest element (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one planar element (5) has at least one spring sheet which provides a prestress for the at least one planar element (5) against a section (3a) of the upholstery element (3), wherein the effect of heat and / or fire causes at least one weakening of the stability of the section (3a) of the upholstery element (3), with the result that a displacement of a section of the at least one planar element (5) takes place on account of the prestress.Backrest element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one planar element (5) is arranged on the carrier element (2) in such a way that, in the event of the action of heat and / or fire, a large part of a melt of regions of the upholstery element which are arranged along the height axis (Z) above the at least one planar element (5) is discharged downward behind the at least one planar element (5) and is thus discharged away from the heat and / or fire seat.Backrest element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in a basic state, the at least one planar element (5) is arranged in a plane (8) which encloses an angle α with the height axis (Z), wherein the angle α lies in a range between 5° and 45°, preferably in a range between 10° and 25°.Seat arrangement (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one planar element (5) is designed as a film element which is arranged on a section of the at least one upholstery element (3), wherein the film element is adhesively bonded to the at least one upholstery element (3).Seat arrangement (100) having a backrest element (1) according to one of the preceding claimsPassenger transport means comprising a seat arrangement (1) according to claim 9.

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