Device for compensating for tolerances between two components to be joined together

Abstract

Device (10) for compensating for tolerances between two components (20, 30) to be joined together, wherein the device (10) at least: - a basic element (11) and - a compensating element (12) which, prior to assembly, is in threaded engagement with a first component (20) with a threaded clearance (16) and into which the base element (11) can be inserted, and - a connecting element (13) which can be inserted through the base element (11) to connect the two components (20, 30), wherein during assembly the connecting element (13) engages with the base element (11) and the base element (11) engages with the compensating element (12) in such a force-fit, in particular friction-fit or form-fit, such that the compensating element (12) engages with the first component (20) in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking manner, and wherein the compensating element (12) has a changing inner shape (12.1) and a cylindrical outer shape (12.2) with one or more threaded outer sections (12.3) and one or more unthreaded outer sections (12.4).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for compensating for tolerances between two components to be joined together.

[0002] Known devices for compensating for tolerances between two components (also called compensating devices) consist of a base element or body, a metallic threaded sleeve, and an axial compensating element, for example, metallic threaded sleeves, which are engaged in a threaded engagement, for example, a left-hand thread. A spring element is typically arranged in the axial compensating element, which creates a frictional connection between a connecting element (which has a right-hand thread) and the axial compensating element, thus ensuring that when the connecting element is tightened, for example, by turning, a torque is exerted on the axial compensating element. This torque causes the compensating element to unscrew axially from the base element in the opposite direction to the insertion of the connecting screw, thereby compensating for axial tolerances.Various devices are known, for example, from DE 42 24 575 A1, DE 10 2011 056 465 A1, DE 100 04 697 A1, US 3,776,651 A, EP 1 400 703 A1 and US 9,618,051 B2.

[0003] The invention is based on the objective of providing a particularly simple device for compensating for tolerances between two components to be joined together.

[0004] The problem is solved according to the invention with a device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together, having the features of claim 1.

[0005] Advantageous further training is the subject of the dependent patent claims.

[0006] The object of the invention is achieved by a device for compensating for tolerances between two components to be joined together, wherein the device comprises at least a hollow cylindrical base element, a hollow cylindrical compensating element which, prior to assembly, is in threaded engagement with one of the components and into which the base element can be inserted, and a connecting element which can be inserted through the base element to connect the two components, wherein during assembly the connecting element engages with the base element and the base element engages with the compensating element in such a force-fit, in particular friction-fit or form-fit, manner that the compensating element engages with the component in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking manner.

[0007] A backlash-free, or at least backlash-reduced and / or self-locking engagement of the base element and the compensating element is understood in particular to mean a form-fitting and / or force-fitting wedging (also called cone wedging) of the two elements, so that they are firmly connected to each other and are immovable, in particular blocked against twisting relative to each other.

[0008] The advantages achieved with the invention lie particularly in the fact that, through such a backlash-free, backlash-reduced, and / or self-locking engagement of the compensating element with one of the components to be joined, generated during assembly, automatic tolerance compensation is enabled with minimal influence of a buoyant force. This allows the use of plastic components, and thus a plastic compensating element and / or base element, instead of a metallic compensating element and / or a metallic base element. Such a device for compensating tolerances is therefore material-independent. Furthermore, such a device enables improved radial mobility and, after assembly, an enhanced backlash-free, backlash-reduced, and / or self-locking mechanism.

[0009] The basic element can, for example, have an outer shape with a changing geometry. Within the scope of the present invention, an "outer shape of the basic element" is generally understood to mean the geometry or form of an outer surface of the basic element. In particular, the outer shape can taper along the longitudinal extent of the basic element. Thus, the outer shape can, for example, exhibit a continuous taper at at least one location or at least one section along its longitudinal extent in the installation or insertion direction.

[0010] The basic element can, for example, have an outer shape with a geometry that changes section by section. The basic element can, for example, have an outer shape that tapers at least section by section, in particular one that tapers at least section by section along its length, and a cylindrical inner shape.

[0011] The outer shape can, for example, taper or narrow towards a center line along its length. The base element has, for example, an upper end and a lower end. The outer shape of the base element can, for example, be widened or enlarged at the upper end and tapered at the lower end. The outer shape of the base element can have at least two sections, wherein, in particular, a tapered section of the outer shape connects, for example, to a straight section of the outer shape. The base element can have a circular, oval, or polygonal cross-section. In particular, the base element has a conical outer shape, at least in some sections. The conical outer shape allows for a simple, force-fit engagement of the base element with the compensating element, in particular a wedge engagement for rotational engagement.

[0012] The compensating element has a corresponding internal shape to create a rotational force-fit or rotational form-fit between the compensating element and the base element. A "rotational force-fit or rotational form-fit" is understood to mean, in particular, a frictional fit, especially a wedging action, and thus a firm connection between the compensating element and the base element without any further connecting elements. The base element acts linearly and rotationally on the compensating element, with the base element actuating the compensating element via the rotational form-fit or rotational force-fit during assembly.

[0013] The compensating element can, for example, have an inner shape, particularly cylindrical or conical, and especially one that widens or narrows at least partially in its longitudinal extent, and a cylindrical outer shape with one or more threaded outer sections. The threaded outer sections can, for example, have such a steep thread that the thread clearance between the compensating element and the component is formed before assembly.

[0014] In particular, the base element has a changing outer shape, and the compensating element has a complementary changing inner shape. Specifically, the base element and the compensating element have tornado-like shapes and are designed to wedge together conically.

[0015] Furthermore, during assembly, the base element can be further displaced into the compensating element and thus engage in such a way, in particular a force engagement, for example a wedge engagement or friction engagement, that a thread of the compensating element engages radially with a mating interface of the component, and the compensating element and the mating interface of the component can be fixed together in a self-locking manner, in particular by clamping or wedging. The thread of the compensating element is, for example, designed as an external thread with a steep external thread pitch. The mating interface of the component is, for example, designed as an internal thread with an internal thread pitch corresponding to the steep external thread pitch.

[0016] Preferably, during assembly of the device, a torque exerted by the connecting element can be transferred to the base element for rotational engagement due to the force applied.

[0017] The compensating element can also be designed to be at least partially deformable. For example, the cylindrical inner shape of the compensating element can be provided with at least one or more expansion zones. For instance, the respective expansion zone can be designed as a U-shaped or wave-shaped extension in at least one inner region of the inner shape of the compensating element. Such an expansion zone is particularly likely to be found in those areas that are opposite threadless outer sections of the outer shape of the compensating element.

[0018] Additionally, the compensating element can include a transport lock at one of its longitudinal ends to secure the compensating element within the component during transport and before assembly of the device. For example, the transport lock can be designed as a section-by-section radial projection from the outer circumference, in particular an annular rib or rib segments.

[0019] Furthermore, the base element and the compensating element can be connected to form a pre-assembled unit via a pre-connection, in particular a snap-fit ​​connection. For example, the base element can have a retaining rim or bead at its tapered end. The compensating element can, for example, have a retaining receptacle or groove corresponding to the retaining rim or bead.

[0020] Additionally, in the assembled state, the base element and the compensating element can be axially clamped to each other without play. For example, either the base element or the compensating element can comprise several clamping elements, particularly those projecting axially from an end face, which axially clamp the base element and the compensating element to each other without play in the assembled state.

[0021] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. These show: Fig. 1. Schematic exploded view of an embodiment of a device for compensating for tolerances, Fig. 2. Schematic cross-sectional view of the device for compensating tolerances according to Fig. 1 in the assembled state without connecting element and before assembly, Fig. 3. Schematic perspective view of the device for compensating for tolerances according to Fig. 2 in the assembled state without connecting element and before assembly, Fig. 4. Schematic example of a balancing element in perspective view, Fig. 5 schematically in a further perspective representation the example for the compensation element according to Fig. 4, Fig. 6. Schematic example of a component in perspective view, Fig. 7. Schematic, perspective view of an example of a device for compensating tolerances in the assembled state without a connecting element and pre-assembled on one of the components and before assembly with another component. Fig. 8 schematically in a further perspective view the example of the device for compensating tolerances in the assembled state without connecting element and pre-assembled on one of the components and before assembly with another component, Fig. 9 schematically in a further perspective view the example of the device for compensating tolerances in the assembled state without connecting element and pre-assembled on one of the components and before assembly with another component, Fig. 10. Schematic example of a component in perspective view, Fig. 11. Schematic view in perspective shows another example of a compensating element with expansion areas. Fig. 12 schematically in a further perspective representation the further example of the compensation element with expansion areas according to Fig. 11 and with the basic element inserted, Fig. 13 schematically in top view the further example of the compensating element with expansion areas according to Fig. 11 and with the basic element inserted, Fig. 14 schematically in sectional view an enlarged section of an interface area of ​​a compensating element used in a component, Fig. 15 schematically in sectional view a first embodiment of a device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together in a pre-assembled state, Fig. 16 schematically in sectional view the first embodiment of the device according to Fig. 15 after assembly and in the assembled state, Fig. 17 schematically in sectional view a second embodiment of a device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together in a partially assembled state, Fig. 18 schematically in sectional view the second embodiment of the device according to Fig. 17 after assembly, Fig. 19 schematically in sectional view a third embodiment of a device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together in a pre-assembled state, Fig. 20 schematically in sectional view the third embodiment of the device according to Fig. 19 after partial assembly and in a partially assembled state, Fig. 21 schematically in sectional view the third embodiment of the device according to Fig. 19 after assembly and in the assembled state, Fig. 22 schematically in sectional view a fourth embodiment of a device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together in a partially assembled state, Fig. 23 schematically in sectional view the fourth embodiment of the device according to Fig. 22 after assembly, Fig. 24 schematically in sectional view an enlarged section of interface areas of an assembled device, Fig. 25 schematically in sectional view an enlarged section of an interface area of ​​a compensating element used in a component, Fig. 26 schematically in perspective view a further embodiment of a changing outer shape of the basic element, Fig. 27 schematically in perspective representation another embodiment of a changing outer shape of the basic element, Fig. 28 schematically in perspective view a fifth embodiment of a device for compensating for tolerances between two components to be joined together, Fig. 29 schematically in a further perspective view the fifth embodiment of the device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together, Fig. 30 schematically in sectional view the fifth embodiment of the device for compensating tolerances between two components to be joined together in an assembled state, Fig. 31 schematically in enlarged sectional view the fifth embodiment in the area of ​​a coupling interface for backlash-free axial clamping, Fig. 32 schematically in enlarged sectional view the fifth embodiment in an area of ​​a further coupling interface for backlash-free axial clamping, Fig. 33 schematically in sectional view a pre-locking mechanism between base element and compensating element for loss-proof transport, Fig. 34 schematically in perspective view a locking clip on the base element for pre-locking, and Fig. 35 schematically a floor view of base element and compensating element with a free space for pressing in a transport lock.

[0022] Corresponding parts are marked with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0023] Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a device 10 for compensating tolerances, in particular vertical or axial tolerances, especially a height gap or a synchronization height.

[0024] The device 10 comprises at least one, in particular hollow cylindrical, base element 11 and one, in particular hollow cylindrical, compensating element 12, which can be inserted into the base element 11 before the device 10 is assembled.

[0025] Furthermore, the device 10 comprises a connecting element 13, which can be inserted into the base element 11, in particular into an installation direction or insertion direction 14, and can be inserted through the base element 11 before or during the assembly of the device 10.

[0026] During the assembly of the device 10, the connecting element 13, for example a connecting bolt or a connecting screw, engages with the base element 11. The connecting element 13 has a cylindrical outer shape.

[0027] The connecting element 13 can be threadless or threaded. The connecting element 13 can be provided with a coating, profile, or structure suitable for facilitating engagement with the base element 11.

[0028] The basic element 11 can have on its cylindrical inner shape 11.2 a thread, profile or structure corresponding to the thread, profile or structure of the shaft of the connecting element 13.

[0029] The basic element 11 can, for example, engage with the compensating element 12 in such a way that the compensating element 12 engages in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking engagement with a first component 20 (in Fig. 6 to 10, 14 to 23 are shown).

[0030] Through such a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking engagement of the compensating element 12 with the first component 20 generated during the assembly of the device 10 (in Fig. (shown in 6 to 10, 14 to 23) enables automatic tolerance compensation with a minor effect of a buoyancy force.

[0031] The compensating element 12 can, for example, be made of a metal, a metal alloy, or a plastic material. The base element 11 can, for example, be made of a metal, a metal alloy, or a plastic material.

[0032] The basic element 11, for example, has a changing outer shape 11.1 and a cylindrical inner shape 11.2. The basic element 11 can have an internal thread 11.3 when used with a connecting element 13 designed as a connecting screw.

[0033] The changing outer shape 11.1 enables a force-locking or form-locking engagement of the base element 11 with the compensating element 12 in a particularly simple manner, in particular a force-locking connection 15, for example a wedge engagement for rotational engagement.

[0034] The outer shape 11.1, for example, can have a geometry that changes section by section, as shown in further examples in Fig. 25 and Fig. 26 is shown.

[0035] The basic element 11 can, for example, have an outer shape 11.1 that tapers at least in sections, in particular an outer shape 11.1 that tapers at least in sections in its longitudinal extent, and a cylindrical inner shape 11.2.

[0036] The outer shape 11.1 can, for example, taper or narrow in its longitudinal extent, particularly in the longitudinal direction x, from an upper end 11.4 of the base element 11 towards a center line or towards a lower end 11.5 of the base element 11, in particular continuously. The outer shape 11.1 can, for example, be widened or enlarged at the upper end 11.4 and tapered at the lower end 11.5.

[0037] In particular, the base element 11 has at least a conical outer shape 11.1 in sections. The conical outer shape 11.1 enables a simple force-fit engagement of the base element 11 with the compensating element 12, in particular a wedge engagement for rotational engagement.

[0038] The compensating element 12 has, for example, an inner shape 12.1 corresponding to the outer shape 11.1, in particular a cylindrical or conical shape, and a cylindrical outer shape 12.2 with one or more threaded outer sections 12.3 and one or more unthreaded outer sections 12.4.

[0039] A conical inner shape 12.1 of the compensating element 12 extends, in particular in the same direction, especially in the installation direction or insertion direction 14, conically to the conical outer shape 11.1 of the base element 11, as shown in Fig. 2 shown as examples.

[0040] Additionally, the compensating element 12 can have a transport lock 12.6 at one of its longitudinal ends 12.5 to secure the compensating element 12 in the first component 20 (in Fig. (Figures 6 to 10, 14 to 23) during transport and before assembly of the device 10. For example, the transport securing device 12.6 can be designed as a projection 12.7 extending radially from the outer circumference of the compensating element 12 in sections. For example, the projection 12.7 is designed as an annular rib or circular segment-shaped rib sections.

[0041] The device 10 enables a simple connection between at least two components 20 and 30 to be joined (shown in Fig. 15 to 23) automatically provides tolerance compensation, which can be activated via the connecting element 13, as described in more detail below.

[0042] Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows in sectional view the device 10 for compensating tolerances according to Fig. 1 in partially assembled state without connecting element 13 (shown in Fig. 1) and before the device is fully assembled 10.

[0043] The base element 11 is inserted into the compensating element 12. For automatic tolerance compensation, a conical principle is used, for example, in a coupling interface, in particular the frictional connection 15, between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12, which in turn engages in a threaded connection with the first component 20 (in Fig. (shown as 6 to 10, 14 to 23).

[0044] The coupling interface, in particular the force-fit connection 15, for example by wedging, especially a conical wedging or tornado wedging, between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 can be formed by conical shapes of the base element 11 and compensating element 12 extending in the same direction. Alternative geometries are described in Fig. 25 and Fig. 26 shown.

[0045] For example, the base element 11 has an outer shape 11.1 that tapers towards its lower end 11.5, and is in particular conical. The compensating element 12 also has a conical inner shape 12.1, which is conical to the conical outer shape 11.1 of the base element 11, particularly in the same direction, especially in the installation direction or insertion direction 14.

[0046] Fig. Figure 2 shows the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 in a partially assembled state to form a pre-assembly unit 201. The pre-assembly unit 201, consisting of the compensating element 12 and the base element 11, can be pre-assembled in the first component 20, as for example in Fig. 15, Fig. 17, Fig. 19 and Fig. 22 shown.

[0047] The base element 11 and the compensating element 12 can be connected to the pre-assembly unit 201 via a pre-connection 202, for example via a locking mechanism. In this pre-assembled state, the base element 11 and the compensating element 12, in particular the corresponding outer shape 11.1 and the inner shape 12.1, are not yet force-fitted together, in particular not yet wedged together.

[0048] For example, the base element 11 can have a retaining edge or retaining bead 11.6, particularly circumferential, at its tapered lower end 11.5. The compensating element 12 can, for example, have a retaining receptacle or retaining groove 12.9 corresponding to the retaining edge or retaining bead 11.6.

[0049] The thread engagement between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 (in Fig. (shown in 6 to 10, 14 to 23) is not self-locking. Only after tightening the connecting element 13 (shown in Fig. 1) The base element 11, with its conical outer shape 11.1, is pressed into the compensating element 12, thus restricting the position of the compensating element 12 relative to the base element 11. In particular, the compensating element 12 and the base element 11 are arranged with no play or at least with reduced play relative to each other.

[0050] In this process, a force-fit connection 15, in particular a friction-fit connection or wedge connection, or a positive-locking connection, is created. The base element 11 and the compensating element 12 are engaged in a force-fit engagement – ​​the force-fit connection 15 – for example, in a wedge engagement for rotational engagement.

[0051] At the same time, the assembly or pre-assembly unit 201, formed from the compensating element 12 and the base element 11, is pressed into the first component 20 and automatically enters a self-locking engagement with the first component 20 (in Fig. 6 to 10, 14 to 23 are shown).

[0052] The transport locking device 12.6 is integrated into the compensating element 12, in particular molded or formed on it. The transport locking device 12.6, for example in the form of the radially outwardly projecting projection 12.7, holds the compensating element 12 in position relative to the first component 20 during transport (in Fig. 6 to 10, 14 to 23 are shown).

[0053] Unlike known tolerance compensation devices, the compensating element 12 is not extended out of the base element 11 in the opposite direction to the insertion direction 14 of the connecting element 13, but rather the base element 11 is moved into the compensating element 12 in the insertion direction 14 of the connecting element 13. Thus, in the device 10 according to the invention, no direct torque is transmitted from the connecting element 13 to the compensating element 12.

[0054] To achieve tolerance compensation, a radial force is exerted on the compensating element 12 as the base element 11 is further inserted into the compensating element 12, due to the force-fit connection 15 generated, in particular the wedge connection, between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12. This causes the compensating element 12 to engage in a self-locking manner with the first component 20, so that it carries the first component 20 along in a compensating direction 17 against the insertion direction 14, as is the case, for example, with the sequence of Fig. 15 and 16 or 17 and 18 or 19 to 21 or 23 and 24 are shown and described below.

[0055] Fig. Figure 3 schematically shows in perspective the device 10 for compensating tolerances according to Fig. 2 in the assembled state without connecting element 13 and before assembly. The base element 11 protrudes beyond a flange 12.8 of the compensating element 12.

[0056] The threadless outer section 12.4 extends below the flange 12.8 over the entire length of the compensating element 12 and thus also over that section at the longitudinal end 12.5 where the transport securing device 12.6 is integrated section by section, for example in a circular segment shape.

[0057] The outer thread section 12.3 has several external thread sections 12.31.

[0058] On the outer surface of the compensating element 12, two groups of external thread sections 12.31, each running parallel to the others, are formed circumferentially. One group of external thread sections 12.31 is provided on each hollow cylinder half of the compensating element 12. The external thread sections 12.31 are designed such that they form a multi-start external thread section 12.3 of the compensating element 12. The pitch of the external thread sections 12.31 of the compensating element 12 can be adapted to the pitch of an internal thread 20.1 with internal thread sections 20.11 of the first component 20. For example, the external thread sections 12.31 and the internal thread 20.1 form such a steep thread that the thread engagement of the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 is not self-locking and a thread clearance 16 (shown in Fig. 14, Fig. 24, Fig. 25).

[0059] Fig. Figure 4 shows the compensating element 12 with the inserted basic element 11 according to Fig. 3 in another perspective view. The base element 11 projects beyond the upper flange 12.8. The base element 11 has approximately the same length as the compensating element 12, so that the inner shape 12.1 of the compensating element 12 can be seen at the lower longitudinal end 12.5.

[0060] Fig. Figure 5 shows the compensating element 12 with the inserted basic element 11 according to Fig. 3 in another perspective view.

[0061] The transport safety device 12.6 is, for example, integrated only in the area of ​​the outer thread sections 12.3 below these at the lower longitudinal end 12.5 on the outside of the compensating element 12, in particular as a shape 12.7, for example in the form of a rib.

[0062] Fig. Figure 6 shows a schematic, perspective view of an example of the first component 20 with its internal thread 20.1 with the internal thread sections 20.11.

[0063] Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic, perspective view of the example of the device 10 without connecting element 13 according to Fig. 3 pre-assembled on the first component 20 according to Fig. 6 and before assembly with the further component 30 (shown in Fig. 15 to 20).

[0064] Fig. Figure 8 schematically shows in a further perspective view the example for the device 10 without connecting element 13 according to Fig. 4 pre-assembled on the first component 20 according to Fig. 6 and before assembly with the further component 30 (shown in Fig. 15 to 20).

[0065] In addition to the transport securing device 12.6 for securing the compensating element 12 in the first component 20, end stops 12.61 can, for example, be provided on the first component 20 and the compensating element 12, which prevent it from falling out at the upper end.

[0066] The transport safety device 12.6, in particular the shape 12.7, strikes against the ends or thread teeth of the internal thread 20.1 of the first component 20 and thus prevents it from falling out at the opposite end of the pre-assembly unit 201.

[0067] Fig. Figure 9 schematically shows in a further perspective view the example of the device 10 without connecting element 13 according to Fig. 5 pre-assembled on the first component 20 according to Fig. 6 and before assembly with the further component 30 (shown in Fig. 15 to 23).

[0068] Fig. Figure 10 schematically shows, in a further perspective view, the example for the first component 20 according to Fig. 6.

[0069] Fig. Figure 11 schematically shows another example of a compensating element 120 in perspective. Both the compensating element 12 and the compensating element 120 are at least partially deformable. For example, the compensating element 12, 120 can be made of a plastic material.

[0070] The compensating element 120 differs from the previously described compensating element 12 in additional expansion areas 121. All previously described structural features, such as the internal shape 12.1, the external shape 12.2, the threaded outer sections 12.3, the external thread sections 12.31, the unthreaded outer sections 12.4, the longitudinal end 12.5, the transport lock 12.6, the shaping 12.7 and the flange 12.8, as well as the described functions of the compensating element 12, apply analogously to the compensating element 120 with the additional expansion areas 121.

[0071] To improve the deformability of the compensating element 120, the internal shape 12.1 can, for example, have at least one or more expansion zones 121. For instance, the respective expansion zone 121 can be designed as a U-shaped or wave-shaped extension in at least one internal region of the internal shape 12.1 of the compensating element 120. Such an expansion zone 121 is formed, in particular, in those regions which are opposite threadless external sections 12.4 of the external shape 12.2 of the compensating element 120.

[0072] Fig. Figure 12 schematically shows in a further perspective view another example of the compensating element 120 with the expansion areas 121 according to Fig. 11 and with the basic element 11 inserted. The basic element 11 is analogous to the basic element 11 described above. Fig. Trained from 1 to 10.

[0073] The deformability of the compensating element 120 during the final assembly of the device 10 with the components 20 and 30 (shown in the figure) is determined by means of the expansion zones 121. Fig. 15 to 23). In particular, the expansion zones 121 ensure that sufficient space for expansion is available when the conical base element 11 is inserted, in particular pressed, into the compensating element 120 during assembly.

[0074] For delivery or transport, the conical base element 11 and the compensating element 12 are joined without clamping. The delivery or transport position is held and secured by means of the transport securing device 12.6 described above.

[0075] Fig. Figure 13 schematically shows in top view a further example of the compensating element 120 with the expansion areas 121 according to Fig. 11 and with the basic element 11 inserted according to Fig. 12.

[0076] The respective expansion area 121 is integrated, in particular molded, into the inner shape 12.1 of the compensating element 120 as a U-shaped or wave-shaped extension. The respective expansion area 121 is integrated in those areas on the inner wall of the compensating element 120 that are opposite the threadless outer sections 12.4 of the outer shape 12.2 of the compensating element 120.

[0077] Alternatively, the respective expansion area 121 can be formed by two flattened sides on the conical base element 11.

[0078] Fig. Figure 14 schematically shows a sectional view of an enlarged section of an interface area of ​​a compensating element 12 inserted in the first component 20. The interface area to the first component 20 applies analogously to the compensating element 120 according to Fig. 11 to 13.

[0079] The outer thread sections 12.3 and the corresponding inner thread 20.1, for example, have such a steep thread that, before assembly of the device 10, the thread clearance 16, in particular a radial clearance, is formed between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20, as previously described.

[0080] The outer thread sections 12.3 of the compensating element 12 are deliberately chosen to be so steep that, in the pre-assembled and not fully assembled state of the device 10, it lies outside the self-locking position with the internal thread 20.1 of the first component 20. In order to move the compensating element 12 into the first component 20 by means of the activation screw, the thread clearance 16 between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 must be present.

[0081] The pre-assembly unit 201 (shown in Fig. 2) is in the first component 20 (shown in Fig. 15) pre-assembled.

[0082] During assembly, an axial adjustment is first carried out, as described in more detail in the sequence of figures 15 and 16 or 17 and 18 or 19 to 21 or 23 and 24.

[0083] Furthermore, during assembly, a pressure, particularly radial, is exerted on the compensating element 12, which is pre-assembled in the first component 20 and inserted, in particular with thread clearance 16, by the connecting element 13 (shown in Fig. 15) is exerted via the force-fit connection 15 with the base element 11. The compensating element 12 deforms radially and a thread, in particular the outer thread section 12.3, of the compensating element 12 engages radially in the mating interface 20.2 of the first component 20, whereby the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 can be fixed to each other without play, with reduced play and / or in a self-locking manner.

[0084] Fig. Figure 15 schematically shows a first embodiment of the device 10 for compensating tolerances between two components 20 and 30 to be joined together in a pre-assembled state.

[0085] The device 10 serves to compensate for tolerances, in particular axial and / or radial tolerances, especially a height gap and / or radial gap, between the two components 20 and 30 to be joined together. The device 10 is intended, for example, for attaching the first component 20, for example a bearing bracket, an electronic component, a light, a decorative part, to the further component 30, for example a door panel, a supporting structure or a body structure of a vehicle.

[0086] The base element 11 and the compensating element 12 can be pre-assembled to the pre-assembly unit 201 and, for example, connected by means of the pre-connection 202, in particular a locking mechanism (shown in Fig. 2) can be connected to each other.

[0087] To achieve tolerance compensation, during assembly with the first component 20 and the further component 30, in particular during further insertion of the base element 11 into the compensation element 12, an axial compensation in the compensation direction 17 initially occurs as a result of the force-fit connection 15 generated, in particular the wedge connection, between the base element 11 and the compensation element 12.

[0088] For example, the compensating element 12 comes into contact with the further component 30. As the connecting element 13 is further inserted, the pre-assembly unit 201, consisting of the base element 11 and the compensating element 13, moves axially relative to or within the first component 20, so that a desired distance between the first component 20 and the further component 30 can be adjusted in a compensating direction 17, as can be achieved, for example, by the sequence of Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 is shown and described below.

[0089] Furthermore, a radial force can be exerted on the compensating element 12, causing the compensating element 12 to engage with the first component 20 in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking, in particular fixing, manner, so that the first component 20 is fixed in the set position after assembly, as can be seen from Fig. 14 is described in more detail as an example. The compensating element 12 compensates for a radial gap by being deformable radially, in particular in the radial direction 18.

[0090] The compensating element 12 is mounted in the first component 20 via a threaded engagement and is used to perform a tolerance compensation of the first component 20 to the further component 30 in axial direction or compensation direction 16 (= z-direction) and / or a tolerance compensation between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 in radial direction 18.

[0091] The conical base element 11 can be made of a hard plastic or metal. Alternatively, a mixture of a softer plastic in combination with metallic components can also be used as the material for the conical base element 11 to enable the application of the conical outer shape 11.1 for wedging with the compensating element 12, in particular the inner shape 12.1.

[0092] During assembly, the conical base element 11 can be inserted into the compensating element 12 and further displaced, thus engaging in the frictional connection 15, in particular a wedge engagement or friction engagement, with the compensating element 12. As a result, the compensating element 12 deforms in the radial direction 18, causing the outer thread sections 12.3 of the compensating element 12 to engage radially with a mating interface 20.2 of the first component 20, in particular with the internal thread 20.1. The compensating element 12 and the mating interface 20.2 of the first component 20 are thus free of play, with reduced play, and / or self-locking, in particular clamping, fixable, or secured. The thread, in particular the outer thread sections 12.3 of the compensating element 12, is / are, for example, designed as an external thread with a steep external thread pitch. The mating interface 20.2 of the first component 20 is, for example, an internal thread 20.1 provided with a steep internal thread corresponding to the steep external thread.

[0093] The transport lock 12.6 prevents the compensating element 12 from being unscrewed from the first component 20 (also called the customer interface) in its pre-assembled state for transport or storage. For this purpose, the transport lock 12.6 engages with a lower edge of the first component 20 as soon as the compensating element 12 is unscrewed.

[0094] Fig. Figure 16 schematically shows in sectional view the first embodiment of the device 10 according to Fig. 15 after assembly and in the fully assembled state, in which axial and radial clearances are balanced. The conical base element 11 and the compensating element 12 are clamped together by means of the force-fit connection 15. The first component 20 is self-locking in its compensating position on the compensating element 12.

[0095] Fig. Figure 17 schematically shows a second embodiment of a device 10 for compensating tolerances between two components 20 and 30 to be joined in a partially assembled state, in particular before setting an axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30 (shown in Fig. 18) and before compensating for a radial thread play 16 between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20.

[0096] Fig. Figure 18 schematically shows in sectional view the second embodiment of the device 10 according to Fig. 17 after assembly with set axial distance 19 and balanced thread play 16 to fix the axial position of the first component 20 to the further component 30.

[0097] The pre-assembly unit 201, consisting of compensating element 12 and base element 11, is pre-assembled in the first component 20.

[0098] The additional component 30 can have an internal thread for the connecting element 13. Alternatively, a nut element (not shown) can be provided below the additional component 30 for the connecting element 13.

[0099] The axial distance 19 is adjusted, in particular compensating for tolerances between the two components 20 and 30, by the fact that a head 13.2 of the connecting element 13, when inserted into the device 10, in particular into the pre-assembly unit 201, comes into contact with the base element 11. As the connecting element 13 is further screwed into the device 10, the base element 11 is moved further into the compensating element 12, and after they wedge together, they are moved together into the first component 20, thus adjusting the axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30.In this process, the assembly formed from the compensating element 12 clamped to the base element 11 in this assembly moves, in particular shifts, relative to the first component 20, in particular axially and / or radially, within the first component 20, thereby adjusting the axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30 and / or partially or preferably completely reducing the thread clearance 16.

[0100] The coupling between base element 11 and compensating element 12 is a first motion coupling, in particular a wedging motion. The coupling between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 is a second motion coupling, in particular a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking motion thread.

[0101] Fig. Figure 19 schematically shows in sectional view a third embodiment of a device 10 for compensating axial and / or radial tolerances between two components 20 and 30 to be joined together in a pre-assembled state.

[0102] The device 10 after Fig. 19 to 21 differs from the two previously described examples for the device 10 in the type of screw connection and in that the connecting element 13 has an external thread 13.1 and the conical base element 11 has an internal thread 11.3.

[0103] The connecting element 13 is inserted into the conical base element 11 in the insertion direction 14 by the further component 30 and screwed in.

[0104] The internal thread 11.3 serves to screw the device 10 in. In the first step, the connecting element 13 is screwed into the internal thread 11.3 of the conical base element 11 in the insertion direction 14.

[0105] Fig. Figure 20 schematically shows in sectional view the third embodiment of the device 10 according to Fig. 19 after partial assembly and in a partially assembled state.

[0106] When the connecting element 13 is screwed into the internal thread 11.3 of the conical base element 11, the compensating element 12 is moved in the compensating direction 17, in particular in the axial or z-direction, until it comes into contact with or abuts the further component 30, contrary to the insertion direction 14, in order to fix an adjustable axial distance, in particular the adjustable axial distance 19, between the two components 20 and 30 or to compensate for an axial distance, in particular the adjustable axial distance 19, between the two components 20 and 30, as shown in Fig. 20 and Fig. 21.

[0107] By further tightening the connecting element 13 in the internal thread 11.3 of the conical base element 11, the conical base element 11 wedges itself in the compensating element 12 and creates a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking connection between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20, so that the device 10 is in a Fig. The final assembly position shown in Figure 21 is fully assembled with a fixed axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30.

[0108] Fig. Figure 21 schematically shows in sectional view the third embodiment of the device 10 according to Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 after assembly and in the fully assembled state in the final assembly position with a fixed axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30.

[0109] Fig. Figure 22 schematically shows a fourth embodiment of the device 10 in sectional view for compensating tolerances between two components 20 and 30 to be joined in a partially assembled state, in particular before setting an axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30 (shown in Fig. 18) and before compensating for a radial thread play 16 between the compensating element 12 and the first component 20.

[0110] Fig. Figure 23 schematically shows in sectional view the fourth embodiment of the device 10 according to Fig. 22 after assembly with set axial distance 19 and balanced thread play 16 to fix the axial position of the first component 20 to the further component 30.

[0111] The pre-assembly unit 201, consisting of compensating element 12 and base element 11, is pre-assembled in the first component 20.

[0112] The additional component 30 can have an internal thread for the connecting element 13. Alternatively, a nut element (not shown) can be provided below the additional component 30 for the connecting element 13.

[0113] The adjustment of the axial distance 19, in particular the compensation of tolerances between the two components 20 and 30, is achieved by the fact that, when the connecting element 13 is inserted through the pre-assembly unit 201 into the further component 30 or through this component 30 into the nut element (not shown), the compensating element 12 comes into contact with the further component 30. In this process, the assembly formed from the compensating element 12 clamped to the base element 11 in this assembly moves, in particular shifts, relative to the first component 20, in particular axially and / or radially, within the first component 20, thereby adjusting the axial distance 19 between the two components 20 and 30 and / or partially or preferably completely reducing the thread clearance 16.

[0114] By tightening the connecting element 13 with the thread or nut located in the further component 30, the base element 11 is moved axially towards the further component 30, in particular pulled and clamped, and the thread clearance 16 between the first component 20 and the compensating element 12 is partially or completely reduced, in particular radially compensated. This set position is fixed ("frozen") by the wedging of the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 and the backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking connection of the compensating element 12 and the first component 20, since the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 can no longer move, in particular rotate, in the first component 20.

[0115] The complete elimination of the radial thread play 16 between the first component 20 and the compensating element 12 reduces or prevents noise, especially rattling, and / or unwanted movements.

[0116] Fig. Figure 24 schematically shows a sectional view of an enlarged section of interface areas of the previously described final-assembled device 10.

[0117] The connecting element 13 presses the further component 30 towards the conical base element 11 (also called the support element) as indicated by arrow 40, for example, by screwing the connecting element 13 to its end with a nut (not shown). This pressure presses the conical base element 11 into the compensating element 12 through its conical outer shape 11.1. The compensating element 12 may have a conical inner shape 12.1. The conical inner shape 12.1 is expanded or stretched by the conical outer shape 11.1, particularly when the base element 11 is moved, for example, pulled or inserted into the compensating element 12 into its final position. Alternatively, the inner shape 12.1 may be cylindrical, and its expansion or stretching may be generated by a corresponding outer shape 11.1 or geometry of the base element 11.

[0118] The thread clearance 16 (shown in Fig. 14 or Fig. 23) is thereby removed from the compensating element 12 and the first component 20 and the position is clamped, as the compensating element 12 digs radially into the opposite interface 20.2 of the first component 20.

[0119] Fig. Figure 25 schematically shows in sectional view an enlarged section of an interface area of ​​the compensating element 12 inserted loosely or with thread play 16 in the first component 20.

[0120] The outer thread sections 12.3 of the compensating element 12 are chosen to be so steep that the first component 20 and the compensating element 12, which is loosely inserted into the first component 20, are arranged outside of a self-locking relationship to each other.

[0121] The connecting element 13 (also called activation element, in particular an activation screw or an activation bolt) presses into the base element 11 (shown in) when screwed in. Fig. 24) on the first component 20 according to arrow 40. Due to this accumulating pressure, the base element 11 shifts into the compensating element 12, which is deformed and causes self-locking in the thread engagement with the first component 20, in particular with its mating interface 20.2. The thread of the outer thread sections 12.3 of the compensating element 12 digs radially into the internal thread 20.1 of the first component 20 and thereby fixes the final assembly position of the device 10.

[0122] Fig. Figure 26 schematically shows in perspective an embodiment of a changing outer shape 11.1 of the basic element 11. The various outer shapes 11.1 of the basic element 11 described below can each be used for all previously described examples of the device 10.

[0123] The outer shape 11.1 of the basic element 11 can have at least two sections 11.7.

[0124] In its longitudinal dimension, the outer shape 11.1 can be straight in one section 11.7 and tapered in an adjacent section 11.7. The basic element 11 can be oval in cross-section with flattened sides.

[0125] Fig. Figure 27 schematically shows in perspective another embodiment of a changing outer shape 11.1 of the basic element 11.

[0126] In its longitudinal dimension, the outer shape 11.1 can be tapered in all sections 11.7. The basic element 11 can be polygonal in cross-section.

[0127] Fig. 28 and Fig. Figures 29 schematically show, in perspective view, a fifth embodiment of a device 10 for compensating tolerances between two components 20, 30 to be joined together (shown in Fig. 15, Fig. 16). The device 10 comprises the compensating element 12 and the base element 11.

[0128] In contrast to the previously described examples of device 10, the fifth embodiment can be further described below. Fig. 28 In the assembled state, the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 must additionally or alternatively be axially clamped to each other without play.

[0129] For example, the basic element 11 (represented in Fig. 29, Fig. 32) and / or the compensating element 12 (shown in Fig. 28, Fig. 31 and Fig. 32) several, in particular from an end face 11.0 (shown in Fig. 29) or 12.0 axially projecting clamping elements 11.01 (shown in Fig. 29) or 12.01, which axially clamp the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 to each other without play in the assembled state.

[0130] In other words, the compensating element 12 differs from the previously described compensating element 12 in that it comprises a number of clamping elements 12.01 on an end face or face 12.0. The clamping elements 12.01 project axially from the end face 12.0 of the compensating element 12. The clamping elements 12.01 are designed, for example, as lugs or knobs or the like.

[0131] The basic element 11 differs from the previously described basic element 11 in that it comprises a number of clamping elements 11.01 on its end face or end surface 11.0. The clamping elements 11.01 project axially from the end surface 11.0 of the basic element 11. The clamping elements 11.01 are designed, for example, as noses or knobs or the like.

[0132] Additionally, a positive locking connection 32 can be provided between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12. The positive locking connection 32 is designed as a radial positive locking connection and as an anti-rotation device. For example, the base element 11 can have two outwardly projecting radial stops 11.8 and the compensating element 12 can have two inwardly directed radial receptacles 12.10, or conversely, the base element 11 can have two receptacles and the compensating element two stops in the radial direction (not shown).

[0133] Such a further or alternative coupling interface between base element 11 and compensating element 12 by means of the positive locking connection 32, in particular a radial positive locking connection, can be achieved simply and reliably by axial, in particular translational, wedging between base element 11 and compensating element 12 by means of their complementary conical shapes.

[0134] In the assembled state, the positive locking connection 32 with integrated anti-rotation device is provided, in particular above the frictional locking connection 15. For this purpose, the radial receptacles 12.10 and the radial stops 11.8 are provided above the respective cone shape in an edge region of the respective component (base element 11, compensating element 12).

[0135] Additionally, the base element 11 above the cone shape, in particular above the cone section serving the force-fit connection 15, can have an undercut 11.9 (also referred to as a clearance or shoulder). This allows “TS” to be pressed inwards.

[0136] Additionally, the compensating element 12 and the base element 11 can be pre-fixed by means of a pre-locking mechanism 34.

[0137] Fig. Figure 30 schematically shows in sectional view the fifth embodiment of the device 10 for compensating tolerances between two components 20, 30 to be joined together in the assembled state.

[0138] The basic element 11 and the compensating element 12 are coupled to each other multiple times in the assembled state, whereby these couplings can be provided alternatively to each other or in combination in different devices 10: - The basic element 11 and the compensating element 12 are, for example, connected in a first coupling interface 36 by means of the clamping elements 10.01 and 12.01 (in Fig. 28, Fig. 29 shown), axially clamped to each other without play, and / or - the basic element 11 and the compensating element 12 are, for example, connected to each other in a second coupling interface 37 by means of the force-fit connection 15 in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking manner, in particular wedged, and / or - the basic element 11 and the compensating element 12 are, for example, connected to each other in a third coupling interface 38 by means of the positive locking connection 32, in particular a radial positive locking connection, in particular coupled to each other in a rotationally secure manner, and / or - the basic element 11 and the compensating element 12 are, for example, in a fourth coupling interface 39 by means of the pre-locking 34, in particular the “inner” pre-locking 34 (shown in Fig. 29), coupled together, in particular coupled together in a rotationally secure and axially movable manner.

[0139] Fig. Figure 31 schematically shows in enlarged sectional view the fifth embodiment in the area of ​​the first coupling interface 36 for backlash-free axial clamping by means of the clamping elements 12.01 on the upper end face 12.0 of the compensating element 12, which extend in the direction of a complementary lower end face on the radial stop 11.8 of the base element 11.

[0140] Fig. Figure 32 schematically shows, in an enlarged sectional view, the fifth embodiment in an area of ​​a further first coupling interface 36 for backlash-free axial clamping between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12. Here, the base element 11 comprises clamping elements 11.01 on a lower end face, which extend in the direction of a complementary upper end face of a shoulder 12.02 of the compensating element 12.

[0141] Fig. Figure 33 schematically shows in a sectional view the pre-locking mechanism 34 between the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 for secure transport. The pre-locking mechanism 34 comprises a locking receptacle 34.1 on the compensating element 12 and a locking clip 34.2 on the base element 11.

[0142] The locking receptacle 34.1 can, for example, be designed as a locking section on an inner wall or inner surface of the compensating element 12.

[0143] The base element 11 has a locking clip 34.2 at one of its ends. For transport, the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 are arranged relative to each other such that the locking clip 34.2 is detachably connected to each other in the locking receptacle 34.1. The locking clip 34.2 and the locking receptacle 34.1 can be connected to each other, for example, by means of a detachable fastener, in particular by means of a plug-in and rotatable bayonet fitting, or simply by clamping or snapping. This provides pre-fixation and transport securing 12.6 (shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 8) enables this. Thus, the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 cannot fall apart during transport. The base element 11 and the compensating element 12 are not yet conically wedged together.

[0144] Fig. Figure 34 schematically shows, in perspective view, the locking clip 34.2 on the base element 11 for pre-locking 34 or the transport closure in detail. Preferably, a locking clip 34.2, in the form of a protruding locking tongue or locking lug, is provided on opposite sides of the base element 11.

[0145] Fig. Figure 35 schematically shows a top view of the base element 11 and the compensating element 12 with a clearance 34.3 between them for inserting or pressing in the transport safety device 12.6, in particular the locking clip 34.2, (shown in Fig. 33 and Fig. 34). With two opposing locking clips 34.2, two opposing locking receptacles 34.1 are provided. REFERENCE MARK LIST 10 Device for compensating for tolerances 11 Basic element 11.0 Front surface 11.01 Tensioning element 11.1 External shape 11.2 Inner shape 11.3 Internal thread 11.4 upper end 11.5 lower end 11.6 Retaining bead Section 11.7 11.8 Radial stop 11.9 Undercut 12 Compensating element 12.0 Front surface 12.01 Tensioning element 12.02 Paragraph 12.1 Inner shape 12.2 cylindrical outer shape 12.3 Thread outer section 12.31 External thread section 12.4 threadless outer section 12.5 Longitudinal end 12.6 Transport securing 12.61 End stop 12.7 Shaping 12.8 Flange 12.9 Holding nut 12.10 Radial view 13 Connecting element 13.1 External thread 13.2 Head 14 Insertion direction 15 Force-fit connection 16 thread clearance 17. Adjustment direction 18 Radial direction 19 Axial spacing 20 first component 20.1 Internal thread 20.11 Internal thread section 20.2 Counter interface 30 more components 32 Positive locking connection 34 Pre-locking 34.1 Rastaufnahme 34.2 Rastklipp 34.3 Free space 36 first coupling interface 37 second coupling interface 38 third coupling interface 39 fourth coupling interface 40 Arrow 120 compensating element 121 Stretch range 201 Pre-assembly unit 202 Pre-connection x Longitudinal extent

Claims

[1] Device (10) for compensating for tolerances between two components (20, 30) to be joined together, wherein the device (10) at least: - a basic element (11) and - a compensating element (12) which, prior to assembly, is in threaded engagement with a first component (20) with a threaded clearance (16) and into which the base element (11) can be inserted, and - a connecting element (13) which can be inserted through the base element (11) to connect the two components (20, 30), wherein during assembly the connecting element (13) engages with the base element (11) and the base element (11) engages with the compensating element (12) in such a force-fit, in particular friction-fit or form-fit, such that the compensating element (12) engages with the first component (20) in a backlash-free, backlash-reduced and / or self-locking manner, and wherein the compensating element (12) has a changing inner shape (12.1) and a cylindrical outer shape (12.2) with one or more threaded outer sections (12.3) and one or more unthreaded outer sections (12.4). [2] Device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the basic element (11) has a changing outer shape (11.1) and a cylindrical inner shape (11.2). [3] Device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Threaded outer sections (12.3) have such a steep thread that, prior to assembly, the thread clearance (16) between the compensating element (12) and the first component (20) is formed. [4] Device (10) according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the base element (11) has a changing outer shape (11.1) and the compensating element (12) has a changing inner shape (12.1). [5] Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) can be further displaced into the compensating element (12) during assembly and engages in such a way that a thread of the compensating element (12) engages radially into a counter-interface (20.2) of the first component (20) and these can thereby be fixed together without play, with reduced play and / or self-locking. [6] Device (10) according to claim 5, wherein a torque exerted by the connecting element (13) can be transferred to the base element (11) for rotational engagement due to the force engagement. [7] Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensating element (12) is at least partially deformable. [8] Device (10) according to claim 7, wherein the inner shape (12.1) of the compensating element (120) is provided with at least one or more expansion areas (121). [9] Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensating element (12) comprises a transport lock (12.6) at one of its longitudinal ends (12.5) for securing the compensating element (12) in the first component (20) during transport and before assembly of the device (10). [10] Device (10) according to claim 9, wherein the transport securing device (12.6) is designed as a section-wise radially projecting form (12.7) from the outer circumference. [11] Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base element (11) and the compensating element (12) can be connected to a pre-assembly unit (201) via a pre-connection (202). [12] Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the assembled state the base element (11) and the compensating element (12) are axially clamped to each other without play. [13] Device (10) according to claim 12, wherein the base element (11) and / or the compensating element (12) are provided with several axially projecting clamping elements (11.01, 12.01) which clamp the base element (11) and the compensating element (12) axially to each other without play in the assembled state.

Images