Automation based on oxygen concentration

Abstract

Automation based on oxygen concentration. Method for controlling a combustion device, the combustion device comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel (6) leading to the combustion chamber (2), and at least one actuator (3, 4, 7-9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is controlled by an air supply V̇. L through the air supply duct (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is controlled by a fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), the combustion device comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a control and / or regulating device (13) comprising a memory in which a first setpoint curve (25) for a first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second setpoint curve (28) for a second, flameless type of combustion are stored, wherein the first and the second setpoint curve (25, 28) comprise at least two different pairs of values ​​consisting of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23).

Description

background

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a closed-loop and / or open-loop control of a combustion device. In particular, it concerns such automation of a combustion device as a function of an oxygen concentration.

[0002] During operation of a combustion device, the fuel-to-air ratio must be adjusted. The following adjustment options using characteristic curves are known.

[0003] According to a first variant, the air actuator characteristic curve(s) and fuel actuator characteristic curve(s) are determined via the power during the adjustment process. For example, the determination can be made from a low power to a maximum power or vice versa. The air ratio λ is set for each power point. Air supply sensors can also be used to support this. Common air supply sensors are based on speed, mass flow, differential pressure, air volume flow, etc. The absolute power is then determined by measuring the fuel supply at at least one point or at several points. Using the calorific value H u The burner output is assigned to the respective characteristic curve points based on the currently fed fuel. The output values ​​of the other characteristic curve points are determined by interpolation, preferably by linear interpolation.

[0004] According to a second variant, the air actuator characteristic curve and the fuel actuator characteristic curve are predefined. These characteristic curves are usually determined empirically in the laboratory. The burner output is fixed by a fixed function of one of the two characteristic curves. Different characteristic curves and / or sets of characteristic curves, which are also fixed, are used for different fuels.

[0005] According to a third variant, the change in fuel composition or air density is detected by a λ sensor. This can, for example, be an O 2-Sensor in the exhaust gas, from which λ is calculated directly. For example, an ionization electrode can also be used, the signal from which is evaluated accordingly. In order to keep the air ratio λ constant, either the air supply can be changed or the fuel supply can be corrected until the λ sensor measures the original value of an air ratio λ again. If at least one air supply signal is adjusted in order to keep the air ratio λ constant, the burner output at this point on the characteristic curve almost always changes with the fuel composition. If the fuel supply signal is adjusted in order to keep the air ratio λ constant, the burner output changes depending on the fuel. In order to adjust the output, a new characteristic curve of the air actuator must be selected or calculated manually or automatically in the event of a power correction.

[0006] Common gas types used in burner systems are those from the E-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09) and gases from the B / P-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09). Like almost all gases from the second gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the E-gas group contain methane as their main component. Like all gases from the third gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the B / P-gas group are based on propane gas. The mixtures based on methane or propane ultimately represent mixtures of different gas sources that can be used to supply the combustion device.

[0007] Characteristic curves are generally provided for different gas types, which are selected on-site during commissioning according to the existing gas group. The setting is made, for example, by selecting one or more curves stored in the memory of a control unit. These characteristic curves represent the course of the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber in relation to the amount of air supplied. Instead of the amount of air supplied, the speed of a fan in the air supply of the combustion device can be plotted. Furthermore, the position and / or the control signal of an air damper can be used as a measure of the air supply. In addition, the air supply can be determined using a mass flow sensor, which can be arranged, for example, in a side duct. A device comprising a mass flow sensor in a side duct is disclosed, for example, in European patent application EP3301363A1.

[0008] The characteristic curves can be stored, for example, in a table using linear interpolation or as a mathematical function using polynomials. This form of characteristic curve assignment is disclosed in European patent EP3299718B1, which was granted on October 30, 2019. An application EP3299718A1 for European patent EP3299718B1 was filed on October 21, 2019.

[0009] September 2016. European patent EP3299718B1 does not claim priority.

[0010] An air volume is suitable as a performance value when air temperature, air pressure, or humidity change only slightly or are measured. When measuring air volume with an air mass flow sensor, the influences of air temperature and air pressure are taken into account. The influence of air humidity plays a minor role, especially at lower temperatures.

[0011] A patent application EP2682679A2 was filed on July 1, 2013, by VAILLANT GmbH. The application was published on January 8, 2014. EP2682679A2 relates to a method for controlling and / or monitoring a fuel gas-fired burner. EP2682679A2 claims priority from July 4, 2012.

[0012] EP2682679A2 deals with approaching operating points below and above a target air ratio. A signal from a mass flow sensor located in a duct between an air line and a fuel gas line is then recorded. The signal is used to determine whether the system is correctly adjusted.

[0013] European patent application EP0326494A1 was filed on January 27, 1989, by GAZ DE FRANCE, FR. The application was published on August 2, 1989. European patent EP0326494B1 was granted on September 27, 1993. A corresponding translation was published as DE68909260T2. DE68909260T2 relates to a device for measuring the heat capacity of a fuel flow. A heating value of a fuel is determined based on signals from a mass flow sensor and an ionization sensor. DE68909260T2 claims priority from January 29, 1988.

[0014] A patent application DE102013106987A1 was filed on July 3, 2013, by Karl Dungs GmbH & Co. KG. The application was published on January 8, 2015. DE102013106987A1 deals with a method and a device for determining a calorific value, as well as a gas-powered device with such a device. For this purpose, a calorific value sensor is provided in a combustion chamber of the device, which sensor comprises an ionization sensor and preferably a temperature sensor.

[0015] Another patent application, DE102006051883A1, was filed on October 31, 2006, by Gaswärme-Institut eV (Gas Heat Institute eV) from Essen. The application was published on May 8, 2008. DE102006051883A1 deals with a device and a method for adjusting, controlling, or regulating the fuel / combustion air ratio for operating a burner. During the adjustment, controlling, or regulating process, a calorific value or a Wobbe index is automatically determined.

[0016] European patent application EP1467149A1 was filed on April 1, 2004, by EON RUHRGAS AG. The application was published on October 13, 2004. EP1467149A1 deals with a method for monitoring combustion in a combustion device. A probe, such as an oxygen probe, can be used in an exhaust gas duct of the combustion device. If the combustion air ratio falls outside a predetermined limit, the combustion device is shut down. EP1467149A1 claims priority from April 11, 2003.

[0017] European patent application EP4050258A1 was filed by SIEMENS AG on August 31, 2021. The application was published on August 31, 2022. EP4050258A1 deals with determining the power of a combustion device based on a fuel parameter. As part of the power determination, a fuel parameter is provided, and the combustion device is controlled accordingly. EP4050258A1 claims priority from February 26, 2021.

[0018] Printed prior art for the present disclosure is known from patent applications DE102020132501A1, DE102007005149A1 and EP4060233A1.

[0019] The aim of the present disclosure is to achieve the most flexible automation of a combustion device, taking into account the type of combustion. In particular, the type of combustion within the combustion device must be taken into account when regulating and / or controlling the device. Summary

[0020] The present disclosure relates to the automation of a combustion device based on an oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas path of the combustion device. For this purpose, an oxygen-related sensor is arranged in or on the exhaust gas path of the combustion device such that it is exposed to an exhaust gas flow. The automation of the combustion device can comprise the control and / or regulation of combustion in the combustion device. Preferably, the automation of the combustion device is the regulation of combustion in the combustion device.

[0021] Various types of combustion can be performed in the combustion device. Combustion can be carried out in the presence of a flame. Flameless combustion can also be performed. In flameless combustion, hot combustible gases and / or preheated air at a sufficient temperature are combined. After combining, the mixture oxidizes without the presence of a flame.

[0022] Therefore, the combustion device has exactly one operational type of combustion. This can be combustion in the presence of a flame or flameless combustion. It is possible to switch between the operational types of combustion. For example, after a preheating phase in the presence of a flame and after sufficient heating, it is possible to switch to flameless combustion. In this case, the exact one operational type of combustion changes during operation from combustion in the presence of a flame to flameless combustion.

[0023] In this case, the combustion device comprises a control and / or monitoring device. The control and / or monitoring device automates the combustion in the combustion device using at least one actuator. The actuator can be an air actuator or a fuel actuator and influences the supply of air or fuel to a combustion chamber of the combustion device.

[0024] A first setpoint curve for a first type of combustion, for example, for combustion in the presence of a flame, is stored in the control and / or monitoring device. Combustion based on the first setpoint curve can have a first, predetermined excess of combustion air compared to a stoichiometric combustion air ratio. The first, predetermined excess of combustion air prevents combustion with harmful emissions.

[0025] Likewise, a second setpoint curve for a second type of combustion, for example, flameless combustion, is stored in the control and / or monitoring device. Combustion based on the second setpoint curve can have a second, predetermined excess of combustion air compared to a stoichiometric combustion air ratio. The second predetermined excess of combustion air prevents combustion with harmful emissions.

[0026] Now, exactly one type of combustion is selected. Based on the selection, one of the two setpoint curves is loaded. Finally, the combustion in the combustion device is automated based on the loaded setpoint curve.

[0027] The type of combustion can be selected via a user interface and / or by a user. The type of combustion can, in particular, be a parameter that is configured when the combustion device is put into operation. The type of combustion can also be selected by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device. For example, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device can record a temperature in the combustion device. As soon as the temperature in the combustion device is sufficient for flameless combustion, the second type of combustion is selected and the setpoint curve for flameless combustion is loaded. Combustion in the combustion device is then automated based on the second setpoint curve.

[0028] In a similar way, compliance with minimum and maximum values ​​is monitored using the control and / or monitoring device and the oxygen-related sensor. Short description of the characters

[0029] Various details will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The individual embodiments are not limiting. The drawings accompanying the description can be described as follows: Fig. 1 shows schematically a combustion device. Fig. 2 shows a combustion device with O 2 -Sensor for detection in the exhaust gas. Fig. Figure 3 shows a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure versus a power-related variable for combustion in the presence of a flame. Fig. Figure 4 shows a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure versus a power-related variable for flameless oxidation and / or flameless combustion and / or combustion while avoiding emissions of nitrogen oxides. Detailed description

[0030] Fig. 1 shows a combustion device 1, such as a wall-mounted gas burner and / or an oil burner with a combustion chamber 2. The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot fuels and / or combustion gases into another fluid, such as water. The warm water is used, for example, to operate a hot water heating system and / or to heat drinking water. According to another embodiment, the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases can be used to heat a product, for example in an industrial process. Furthermore, the heat generator can be used to heat water in a plant for the extraction of lithium and / or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gases are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example, via an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10.

[0031] The supply air 5 for the combustion process is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1 via a (motor-driven) fan 3. Via the signal line 15, the control and / or monitoring device 13 sends the air supply V̇ to the fan 3. L which it is supposed to convey. Thus, the fan speed becomes a measure of the conveyed air volume and / or the air supply V̇ L .

[0032] According to one embodiment, the fan speed is reported back to the control and / or monitoring device 13 by the fan 3. If the air volume is adjusted via an air damper 4 and / or a valve, the damper and / or valve position and / or the measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor 12 and / or volume flow sensor can be used as a measure of the air volume. The sensor is advantageously located in the duct 5 for the air supply V̇ LThe sensor preferably provides a signal that is converted into a flow measurement value using a suitable signal processing unit. A signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0033] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from the mass flow sensor 12, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0034] As a measure of the air supply V̇ LThe measured value of a pressure sensor and / or a mass flow sensor 12 in a side channel can also be used. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is disclosed, for example, in European patent EP3301364B1. European patent EP3301364B1 was filed on June 7, 2017, and granted on August 7, 2019. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is claimed, with a mass flow sensor extending into the supply channel.

[0035] The sensor 12 detects a signal which corresponds to the air supply V̇ Ldependent pressure value and / or the air flow (particle and / or mass flow) in the side channel. Advantageously, the sensor 12 provides a signal which is converted into a measured value using a suitable signal processing device. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the signals from several sensors are converted into a common measured value. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the air supply V̇ L the value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate can be measured and / or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V̇ Lcan be measured and / or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V̇ L may also be measured and / or stated in cubic feet of air per minute.

[0037] Mass flow sensors 12 allow measurements at high flow velocities, especially in conjunction with combustion devices during operation. Typical values ​​for such flow velocities are in the ranges between 0.1 meters per second and 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. Mass flow sensors that are suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, OMRON® D6F-W or type SENSOR TECHNICS® WBA sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically begins at velocities between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and ends at a speed such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. In other words, lower limits such as 0.1 meter per second can be combined with upper limits such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second.

[0038] The fuel supply V̇ B is adjusted and / or regulated by the control and / or monitoring device 13 with the aid of a fuel actuator and / or a (motor-driven) adjustable valve. In the embodiment in Fig. 1, the fuel is a fuel gas. In another embodiment, the fuel is an oil or an oil mixture. A combustion device 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example, to sources with a high methane content and / or to sources with a high propane content. In Fig. 1, the amount of fuel gas is adjusted by a fuel actuator 9 of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The fuel actuator 9 can, for example, comprise or be a (motor-adjustable) fuel valve 9. The control value 19 of the gas valve, for example, in the case of a pulse-width modulated signal, is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. In another embodiment, control is via a CAN bus.

[0039] It is also a value 19 for the fuel supply V̇ BAccording to a special embodiment, the fuel valve 9 is adjusted using a stepper motor. In that case, the step position of the stepper motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. The fuel valve 9 can also be integrated into a unit with at least one or both of the safety shut-off valves 7 or 8. Furthermore, the fuel valve 9 can be a valve controlled internally via a flow sensor, which receives a setpoint 19 and regulates the actual value of the flow sensor to the setpoint 19. The flow sensor can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter, diaphragm meter and / or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow sensor can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor.

[0040] If a gas flap is used as actuator 9, the position of a flap can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. Alternatively, the measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor and / or a volume flow sensor can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. This sensor is advantageously arranged in the fuel supply channel. This sensor generates a signal, which is converted into a flow measurement (measured value of the particle and / or mass flow and / or volume flow) using a suitable signal processing device. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating, control, and monitoring device 13.

[0041] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from the mass flow sensor or volume flow sensor for fuel gas, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above-mentioned values ​​can also be calculated from a combination of variables determined by sensors. These values ​​then represent the mass for the supply (particle and / or mass flow and / or volume flow) of fuel gas. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that the supply of fuel for a liquid fuel can be determined in a similar manner.

[0043] Fig. Figure 2 shows a combustion device 1 with a sensor 20 for detecting an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure. In particular, the sensor 20 can detect or indicate a residual oxygen content. The sensor 20 comprises, for example, an O 2 -Sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor 20 is an O 2 Sensor. The sensor 20 can be arranged, for example, in an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10.

[0044] In particular, the sensor 20 is a gas sensor for recording a signal indicating an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen. The sensor 20 can also be configured to record a signal corresponding to at least one additional gas. The additional gas is, for example, an oxidizable gas in an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10 of the combustion device.

[0045] Furthermore, the sensor 20 can also be configured to record a signal corresponding to a carbon monoxide concentration. Furthermore, the sensor 20 can be configured to record a signal corresponding to a temperature.

[0046] The sensor 20 comprises at least one disc comprising at least ninety percent by weight of zirconium dioxide. Furthermore, the disc comprises at least one further element or compound selected from: - yttrium oxide and - Hafnium oxide.

[0047] Additionally, the exemplary sensor 20 includes at least three electrodes, including two electrodes made of doped platinum. The doped platinum comprises between one-half and fifteen weight percent zirconium dioxide. One of the three electrodes comprises a gold alloy. One of the doped platinum electrodes and the electrode comprising a gold alloy are disposed on a first side of the disk. Another of the doped platinum electrodes is disposed on a second side of the disk, the second side being different from the first side. The second side of the disk is opposite the first side of the disk. The second side of the disk is adjacent to a sealed chamber of the sensor 20.

[0048] The sensor 20 for recording a signal indicating an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content generates a signal 21. The signal 21 is read in by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 and suitably evaluated. With the help of the signal 21, for each fan speed and / or for each air supply V̇ Land / or for each burner output to a setpoint. The setpoint relates to an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content. In particular, the setpoint can relate to an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content in a flue gas chimney. Furthermore, the setpoint can relate to an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content in a flue gas chimney. Furthermore, the setpoint can relate to an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content in a chimney 10.

[0049] A suitable signal processing device for detecting and evaluating the signal 21 of the sensor 20 ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the control, regulation, and monitoring device 13.

[0050] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from sensor 20, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0051] Fig. 3 illustrates a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content 22 versus a burner output 23 in the case of combustion in the presence of a flame. Fig. 3 shows a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure 22 versus a fan speed of the fan 3 in the case of combustion in the presence of a flame. Fig. 3 a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content 22 versus an air supply V̇ L in the case of combustion in the presence of a flame.

[0052] In this case, Fig. 3 values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are plotted between a minimum value and a maximum value. The minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content marks the lowest end of the vertical axis. The maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content marks the highest end of the vertical axis.

[0053] The minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can, for example, be zero percent. The maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can, for example, be between five and ten percent. In particular, the maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be between six and nine percent. Furthermore, the maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be between six and eight percent, for example, six percent.

[0054] In the example from Fig. 3, the minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content is zero percent or just above zero percent. The corresponding maximum value is six percent.

[0055] Along the horizontal axis 23, Fig. 3 a performance-related quantity selected from - the burner output, - the fan speed of fan 3, - the position of the air flap 4, - the air supply V̇ L The values ​​are plotted from a minimum value of the performance-related variable to a maximum value of the performance-related variable. The values ​​of the performance-related variable increase from left to right. The minimum value of the performance-related variable marks the left end of the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the performance-related variable marks the right end of the horizontal axis.

[0056] The minimum value of the performance-related quantity along the horizontal axis in Fig. 3 can, for example, be zero percent of a nominal power of the combustion device 1. The maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and fifty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and fifteen and twenty-five percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1, for example, one hundred and twenty percent.

[0057] In the example shown from Fig. 3, the minimum value of the power-related quantity along the horizontal axis is zero percent or just above zero percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. The corresponding maximum value of the power-related quantity along the horizontal axis is Fig. 3 at one hundred and twenty percent of the rated power of combustion device 1.

[0058] Fig. Figure 3 shows three curves and / or profiles of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for combustion devices 1, which are designed to burn a mixture using a flame. A first curve and / or a first profile 24 indicates maximum oxygen concentrations and / or maximum oxygen partial pressures and / or maximum residual oxygen contents. The oxygen concentrations of the first profile 24 are in Fig. 3 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the first curve 24 are in Fig. 3 is given as a percentage of a total pressure. The same applies to the vertical axis 22.

[0059] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the first curve and / or the first profile 24. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the first curve and / or along the first profile 24 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0060] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In the example in Fig. 3, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the first curve and / or the first progression 24 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0061] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the first curve and / or the first profile 24. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the first curve and / or along the first profile 24 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0062] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In the example in Fig. 3, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the first curve and / or the first profile 24 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0063] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the first curve and / or along the first profile 24. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0064] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the first curve and / or the first profile 24. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the first curve and / or the first profile 24. Furthermore, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0065] The first curve and / or the first profile 24 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the first curve and / or the first profile 24.

[0066] The first curve and / or the first profile 24 represents a first maximum curve and / or a first maximum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure. The first curve and / or the first profile 24 relates to combustion by a flame. This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example to an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. In addition, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. A first curve and / or a first profile 24 is stored in a memory, for example in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed:. - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the first curve and / or the first profile 24 from the memory; - to map, on the basis of the first curve and / or the first profile 24, a current output of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is greater than the comparison value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0067] In a further embodiment, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. A first curve and / or a first profile 24 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the first curve and / or the first profile 24 from the memory; - to map, on the basis of the first curve and / or the first profile 24, a current output of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is greater than the reference value or if the measured value is equal to the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0068] A second curve and / or a second profile 25 indicates target values ​​for the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content. The oxygen concentrations of the second profile 25 are in Fig. 3 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the second curve 25 are in Fig. 3 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0069] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the second curve and / or the second profile 25. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the second curve and / or along the second profile 25 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0070] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the first curve and / or the first profile 24. In the example in Fig. 3, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the second curve and / or the second progression 25 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0071] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the second curve and / or the second profile 25. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the second curve and / or along the second profile 25 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0072] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the first curve and / or the first profile 24. In the example in Fig. 3, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the second curve and / or the second progression 25 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0073] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the second curve and / or the second profile 25. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0074] Interpolation can occur between the points of the second curve and / or the second profile 25. For example, linear interpolation can occur between the points of the second curve and / or the second profile 25. Furthermore, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0075] The second curve and / or the second profile 25 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, based on a polynomial, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. The polynomial corresponds to the second curve and / or the second profile 25.

[0076] The second curve and / or the second profile 25 represents a first setpoint curve and / or a first setpoint profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure. The second curve and / or the second profile 25 relates to combustion in the presence of a flame.

[0077] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one actuator of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. The at least one actuator of the combustion device for combustion in the presence of a flame is selected from: - a fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, wherein the fuel actuator 7 acts on a fuel supply to the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, - a fan 3 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, the fan 3 acting on an air supply to the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, - an air damper of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, wherein the air damper acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame.

[0078] A second curve and / or a second profile 25 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to map a current output of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame to a target value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the second curve and / or the second profile 25; - compare the target value with the measured value; and - to generate a control signal based on the comparison between the setpoint and the measured value and to send the control signal to at least one actuator 3, 7.

[0079] The control signal causes the at least one actuator 3, 7 to preferably change a combustion variable selected from: - a fuel supply to the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fuel actuator 7, - an air supply to the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fan 3 or an air damper 4.

[0080] The change in the combustion size ideally occurs in such a way that subsequent measured values, which are determined from subsequently received signals indicating the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content, approach the target value.

[0081] Combustion devices 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame have a lower residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas than combustion devices for flameless oxidation. Accordingly, the individual points and / or values ​​of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 run below an oxygen concentration and / or below an oxygen partial pressure of three percent. This means that each target value of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is less than three percent. Preferably, individual points and / or values ​​of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 run below an oxygen concentration and / or below an oxygen partial pressure of two percent. This means that at least one target value of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 is less than or equal to two percent. Preferably, at least two target values ​​of the second curve and / or the second profile 25 are less than or equal to two percent.

[0082] A third curve and / or a third profile 26 indicates minimum oxygen concentrations and / or minimum oxygen partial pressures and / or minimum residual oxygen contents. The oxygen concentrations of the third profile 26 are in Fig. 3 is given as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the third curve 26 are in Fig. 3 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0083] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the third curve and / or the third progression 26. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the third curve and / or along the third progression 26 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0084] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the first curve and / or the first profile 24.Preferably, the minimum value of the performance-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the second curve and / or the second profile 25. In the example in . Fig. 3, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the third curve and / or the third curve 26 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0085] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the third curve and / or the third course 26. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the third curve and / or along the third course 26 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0086] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the first curve and / or the first profile 24.Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third curve and / or the third profile 26 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the second curve and / or the second profile 25. In the example in . Fig. 3, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the third curve and / or the third curve 26 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0087] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the third curve and / or the third profile 26. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0088] Interpolation can occur between the points of the third curve and / or the third profile 26. For example, linear interpolation can occur between the points of the third curve and / or the third profile 26. Furthermore, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0089] The third curve and / or the third profile 26 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the third curve and / or the third profile 26.

[0090] The third curve and / or the third profile 26 represents a minimum curve and / or a minimum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure during combustion by a flame. This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. In addition, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. A third curve and / or a third profile 26 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the third curve and / or the first curve 26 from the memory; - using the third curve and / or the third profile 26 to map a current output of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is lower and / or smaller than the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0091] In a further embodiment, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. A third curve and / or a third profile 26 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the third curve and / or the first curve 26 from the memory; - using the third curve and / or the third profile 26 to map a current output of the combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is lower and / or smaller than the reference value or if the measured value is equal to the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0092] In addition to combustion in the presence of a flame, another combustion mode known as flameless oxidation is possible. Flameless oxidation utilizes exhaust gas recirculation. Combustion exhaust gases are mixed with preheated combustion air to create an exhaust gas / air mixture. The temperature of this exhaust gas / air mixture is maintained above an ignition temperature. The exhaust gas / air mixture and the fuel, particularly the combustible gas, are combined in an oxidation zone. Flameless and pulsation-free oxidation occurs there.

[0093] Due to high exhaust gas recirculation, the temperatures occurring during flameless oxidation are lower than those during combustion in the presence of a flame. European patent application EP0463218A1 discloses a combustion exhaust gas recirculation ratio of r ≥ 2 and maximum temperatures occurring during oxidation of less than 1773 Kelvin. European patent application EP0463218A1 was filed on June 29, 1990, and published on January 2, 1992. Due to the lower temperatures occurring during flameless oxidation, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) is avoided.

[0094] Fig. Figure 4 illustrates a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content 22 versus a burner output 23 in the case of flameless oxidation. Fig. 4 shows a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content 22 versus a fan speed of the fan 3 in the case of flameless oxidation. Fig. 4 a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content 22 versus an air supply V̇ L in the case of flameless oxidation.

[0095] In this case, Fig. 4 values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are plotted between a minimum value and a maximum value. The minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content marks the lowest end of the vertical axis. The maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content marks the highest end of the vertical axis.

[0096] The minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can, for example, be zero percent. The maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can, for example, be between five and eleven percent. In particular, the maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be between six and ten percent. Furthermore, the maximum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be between six and eight percent, for example, seven percent.

[0097] In the example from Fig. 4, the minimum value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content is zero percent. The corresponding maximum value is seven percent.

[0098] Preferably, along the vertical axes 22 in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 the same sizes are plotted. This means that in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 22 oxygen concentrations can be plotted along the vertical axes. 22 oxygen partial pressures can also be plotted along the vertical axes. Furthermore, 22 residual oxygen contents can be plotted along the vertical axes.

[0099] Along the horizontal axis 23, Fig. 4 a performance-related quantity selected from - the burner output, - the fan speed of fan 3, - the air supply V̇ LThe values ​​are plotted from a minimum value of the performance-related variable to a maximum value of the performance-related variable. The values ​​of the performance-related variable increase from left to right. The minimum value of the performance-related variable marks the left end of the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the performance-related variable marks the right end of the horizontal axis. Preferably, 23 values ​​are plotted along the horizontal axes. Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 the same performance-related quantities are plotted.

[0100] The minimum value of the performance-related quantity along the horizontal axis in Fig. 4 can, for example, be zero percent of a combustion device's rated power. The maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and one hundred and fifty percent of the combustion device's rated power. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and ten and one hundred and thirty percent of the combustion device's rated power. Furthermore, the maximum value of the power-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and fifteen and one hundred and twenty-five percent of the combustion device's rated power, for example, one hundred and twenty percent.

[0101] In the example shown from Fig. 4, the minimum value of the power-related quantity along the horizontal axis is zero percent or just above zero percent of the rated power of the combustion device. The corresponding maximum value of the power-related quantity along the horizontal axis is Fig. 4 at one hundred and twenty percent of the rated power of the respective combustion device.

[0102] Ideally, Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 equal minimum values ​​and equal maximum values ​​of the performance-related variables 23 are plotted along the horizontal axes.

[0103] Fig. Figure 4 shows three curves and / or profiles of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content for combustion devices designed for flameless oxidation of a fuel. In addition, Fig. Figure 4 shows three curves and / or profiles of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content for combustion devices designed for flameless combustion of a fuel. Furthermore, Fig. 4 three curves and / or progressions of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for combustion devices designed to burn while avoiding emissions of nitrogen oxides.

[0104] A fourth curve and / or a fourth profile 27 indicates maximum oxygen concentrations and / or maximum oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen concentrations of the fourth profile 27 are in Fig. 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the fourth curve 27 are in Fig. 4 is given as a percentage of a total pressure. The same applies to the vertical axis 22.

[0105] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the fourth curve and / or the fourth progression 27. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the fourth curve and / or along the fourth progression 27 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0106] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. In the example in Fig. 4, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the fourth curve and / or the fourth curve 27 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0107] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the fourth curve and / or the fourth progression 27. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the fourth curve and / or along the fourth progression 27 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0108] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the rated power of the combustion device. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 can be one hundred percent of the rated power of the combustion device. In the example in Fig. 4, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the fourth curve and / or the fourth curve 27 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0109] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0110] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27. Furthermore, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0111] The fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 can furthermore be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27. The polynomial for the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 is generally different from the polynomial for the first curve and / or the first profile 24.

[0112] The fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 represents a second maximum curve and / or a second maximum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for flameless oxidation. Likewise, the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 represents a maximum curve and / or a maximum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for flameless combustion. Furthermore, the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 represents a maximum curve and / or a maximum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure while avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0113] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. A fourth curve and / or a fourth profile 27 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 from the memory; - to map a current output of the combustion device for flameless oxidation to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is greater than the comparison value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0114] In a further embodiment, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. A fourth curve and / or a fourth profile 27 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27 from the memory; - to map a current output of the combustion device for flameless oxidation to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is greater than the reference value or if the measured value is equal to the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0115] A fifth curve and / or a fifth profile 28 indicates target values ​​for the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content. The oxygen concentrations of the fifth profile 28 are in Fig. 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the fifth curve 28 are in Fig. 4 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0116] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the fifth curve and / or along the fifth progression 28 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0117] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 24. Furthermore, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve 28 is equal to the corresponding minimum values ​​of the first to third curves.Furthermore, the minimum value of the performance-related variable of the fifth curve 28 preferably equals the corresponding minimum values ​​of the first to third curves. In the example in . Fig. 4, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0118] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the fifth curve and / or along the fifth progression 28 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0119] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 24. Furthermore, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the fifth curve 28 is equal to the corresponding maximum values ​​of the first to third curves.In addition, the maximum value of the performance-related variable of the fifth curve 28 preferably equals the corresponding maximum values ​​of the first to third curves.

[0120] In the example in Fig. 4, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0121] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0122] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28. Furthermore, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0123] The fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 can furthermore be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, target values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28. The polynomial for the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is generally different from the polynomial for the second curve and / or the second profile 25.

[0124] The fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 represents a second setpoint curve and / or a second setpoint curve of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content. The fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 relates to flameless oxidation. Likewise, the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 represents a setpoint curve and / or a setpoint curve of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for flameless combustion. Furthermore, the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 represents a setpoint curve and / or a setpoint curve of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure while avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0125] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one actuator of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. The at least one actuator of the combustion device for flameless oxidation is selected from: - a fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device for flameless oxidation, wherein the fuel actuator 7 acts on a fuel supply to the combustion device for flameless oxidation, - a fan 3 of the flameless oxidation combustion device, the fan 3 acting on an air supply to the flameless oxidation combustion device, - an air damper of the flameless oxidation combustion device, the air damper acting on an air supply to the flameless oxidation combustion device.

[0126] A fifth curve and / or a fifth profile 28 is stored in a memory, for example in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 from the memory; - to map a current output of the combustion device for flameless oxidation to a target value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28; - compare the target value with the measured value; and - to generate a control signal based on the comparison between the setpoint and the measured value and to send the control signal to at least one actuator 3, 7.

[0127] The control signal causes the at least one actuator 3, 7 to preferably change a combustion variable selected from: - a fuel supply to the combustion device for flameless oxidation, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fuel actuator 7, - an air supply to the combustion device for flameless oxidation, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fan 3 or an air damper 4.

[0128] The change in the combustion size ideally occurs in such a way that subsequent measured values, which are determined from subsequently received signals indicating the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content, approach the target value.

[0129] Combustion devices for flameless oxidation have a higher residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas than combustion devices 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame. Accordingly, the individual points and / or values ​​of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 run above an oxygen concentration and / or above an oxygen partial pressure of four percent. This means that each setpoint of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is greater than four percent. Preferably, individual points and / or values ​​of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 run above an oxygen concentration and / or above an oxygen partial pressure of five percent. This means that at least one setpoint of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 is greater than or equal to five percent. Preferably, at least two setpoints of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28 are greater than or equal to five percent.

[0130] A sixth curve and / or a sixth profile 29 indicates minimum oxygen concentrations and / or minimum oxygen partial pressures and / or minimum residual oxygen contents. The oxygen concentrations of the sixth profile 29 are in Fig. 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the sixth curve 29 are in Fig. 4 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0131] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the sixth curve and / or sixth progression 29. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the sixth curve and / or sixth progression 29 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0132] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis 23. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the rated power of the combustion device. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 can be twenty percent of the rated power of the combustion device. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 26.Preferably, the minimum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the fifth curve and / or the fifth profile 28. Furthermore, the minimum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth curve 28 is equal to the corresponding minimum values ​​of the first to third curves.

[0133] Furthermore, the minimum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth curve 28 preferably equals the corresponding minimum values ​​of the first to third curves. In the example in Fig. 4, the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0134] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the sixth curve and / or sixth progression 29. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the sixth curve and / or along the sixth progression 29 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0135] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis 23. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the rated power of the combustion device. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 can be one hundred percent of the rated power of the combustion device. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the fourth curve and / or the fourth profile 27.Preferably, the maximum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the fifth curve and / or the fifth progression 28. Furthermore, the maximum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth curve 28 is equal to the corresponding maximum values ​​of the first to third curves. Furthermore, the maximum value of the performance-related variable of the sixth progression 28 is equal to the corresponding maximum values ​​of the first to third progressions. In the example in . Fig. 4, the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29 is one hundred percent of the rated power.

[0136] Between the minimum value of the performance-related quantity and the corresponding maximum value, three additional points are plotted along the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29. These additional points are points and / or values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related quantity is a point and / or value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related quantity 23.

[0137] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the sixth curve and / or the sixth progression 29. Furthermore, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0138] The sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29.

[0139] The sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 represents a minimum curve and / or a minimum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for flameless oxidation. Likewise, the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 represents a minimum curve and / or a minimum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for flameless combustion. Furthermore, the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29 represents a minimum curve and / or a minimum profile of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure while avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0140] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. A sixth curve and / or a sixth profile 29 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the sixth curve and / or the first curve 29 from the memory; - to map a current output of the combustion device for flameless oxidation to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is lower and / or smaller than the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0141] In a further embodiment, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7 of the combustion device for flameless oxidation. A sixth curve and / or a sixth profile 29 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: - to receive one or more signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the sensor 20; - to determine a measured value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content; - to load the sixth curve and / or the first curve 29 from the memory; - to map a current output of the combustion device for flameless oxidation to a comparison value 22 of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content using the sixth curve and / or the sixth profile 29; - to compare the reference value with the measured value; and - if the measured value is lower and / or smaller than the reference value or if the measured value is equal to the reference value: - to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7, wherein the closing signal, when received by the at least one fuel actuator 7, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 to close.

[0142] The first to third curves 24 - 26 from Fig. 3 and the fourth to sixth curves 27 - 29 from Fig. 4 enable flexible regulation and / or control of a combustion device. This means that the same regulation and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 can be used for combustion in the presence of a flame and for flameless oxidation.

[0143] For this purpose, the curves 24 - 29 are stored in a memory, preferably in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is therefore designed to load curves and / or profiles 24 - 26 for combustion in the presence of a flame during runtime. Likewise, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed to load curves and / or profiles 27 - 29 for flameless oxidation during runtime. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed to load curves and / or profiles 27 - 29 for flameless combustion during runtime. In addition, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed to load curves and / or profiles 27 - 29 for avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions during runtime.

[0144] In these cases, loading occurs from the memory. Preferably, loading occurs from a non-volatile memory of the control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0145] For example, the type of combustion device can be specified during configuration and / or commissioning. In one embodiment, a first type of combustion device 1 for combustion in the presence of a flame and a second type of combustion device are selected. The second type of combustion device is different from the first type of combustion device 1. The second type of combustion device enables combustion selected from - flameless oxidation, - flameless combustion, - combustion while avoiding emissions of nitrogen oxides.

[0146] The selection can be made, for example, during commissioning using a selection menu or a mechanical switch. As a result of the selection, the combustion - the first to third curves and / or courses 24 - 26 or - the fourth to sixth curves and / or curves 27 - 29 were selected.

[0147] In other words, the present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device, the combustion device comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel (6) leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which responds to a fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), the combustion device comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) comprising a memory in which a first setpoint curve (25) for a first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second setpoint curve (28) for a second, flameless type of combustion are stored, wherein the first and the second setpoint curve (25, 28) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs from an oxygen-related value (22) and from a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: (user-side) selecting exactly one operational combustion type of the combustion device from the first and second types of combustion; if the exact one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first setpoint curve (25) as the operational setpoint curve from the memory; if the exact one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second setpoint curve (25) as the operational setpoint curve from the memory; Receiving one or more oxygen-related signals from the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20); Determining an oxygen-related measurement value based on the one or more oxygen-related signals; Mapping a current output of the combustion device to an oxygen-related setpoint using the operational setpoint curve; Comparing the target value with the oxygen-related measured value; and Generating a control signal based on the comparison between the setpoint and the oxygen-related measured value and sending the control signal to the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9).

[0148] In one embodiment, the at least one air actuator (3, 4) is designed to adjust a value of an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11). Furthermore, it is provided that the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) is designed to adjust a value of a fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6). Particularly preferably, the at least one air actuator (3, 4) is designed to adjust a value of an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11) and the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) is designed to set a value of a fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6).

[0149] In one embodiment, the exhaust gas path (10) is separate from the combustion chamber (2) and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber (2). The exhaust gas path (10) is designed to discharge exhaust gases from the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device. The exhaust gas path (10) can in particular comprise an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney (10). Typically, the exhaust gas path (10) is an exhaust gas stack or a flue gas stack or a chimney (10).

[0150] The at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) preferably comprises an oxygen sensor and / or an O 2 -Sensor. The at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) is ideally an oxygen sensor or an O 2 -Sensor.

[0151] The at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) is preferably communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13). The at least one actuator (3, 4, 7-9) is preferably communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13). Ideally, the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7-9) are each communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13). A communication bus, such as a bidirectional communication bus, can couple the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20), the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7-9), and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13). A bidirectional communication bus enables communication both from the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) towards the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and vice versa. A bidirectional communication bus enables communication both from the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) towards the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7-9) and vice versa. The communication bus is preferably a digital communication bus. The units (3, 4, 7-9, 13, 20) advantageously use a predetermined communication bus protocol, such as a digital communication bus protocol.A digital communication bus and a corresponding protocol are advantageous with regard to avoiding transmission errors. The communication bus is intended to comprise a wired and / or fiber-optic connection between the units (3, 4, 7 - 9, 13, 20).

[0152] The first type of combustion can be or comprise combustion in the combustion chamber (2) in the presence of a flame. The second type of combustion can be or comprise a second, flameless combustion in the combustion chamber (2). In particular, the first type of combustion can be combustion in the combustion chamber (2) in the presence of a flame and the second type of combustion can be a second, flameless combustion in the combustion chamber (2). Furthermore, the first type of combustion can comprise combustion in the combustion chamber (2) in the presence of a flame and the second type of combustion can comprise a second, flameless combustion in the combustion chamber (2).

[0153] The second type of combustion can be or comprise a second, flameless oxidation. Furthermore, the second type of combustion can be or comprise a second, flameless oxidation in the combustion chamber (2). Furthermore, the second type of combustion can be or comprise a second combustion while avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions. Furthermore, the second type of combustion can be or comprise a second combustion in the combustion chamber (2) while avoiding nitrogen oxide emissions. In addition, the second type of combustion can be or comprise a second combustion at maximum temperatures which are lower than 1773 Kelvin. Furthermore, the second type of combustion can be or comprise a second combustion in the combustion chamber (2) at maximum temperatures which are lower than 1773 Kelvin.

[0154] In one embodiment, the first and second setpoint curves (25, 28) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair comprising an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). In a specific embodiment, the first and second setpoint curves (25, 28) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair consisting of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). The first setpoint curve (25) is typically different from the second setpoint curve (28).

[0155] The oxygen-related value (22) can be selected from: - an oxygen concentration, - an oxygen partial pressure, - a residual oxygen content.

[0156] The performance-related value (23) can be selected from: - a power of the combustion device, - a fan speed of a fan (3) of the air actuator (3), - a position of an air flap (4) of the air actuator (4), - an air supply V̇ L .

[0157] Furthermore, the oxygen-related value (22) can be an oxygen concentration and the power-related value (23) is selected from: - a power of the combustion device, - a fan speed of a fan (3) of the air actuator (3), - a position of an air flap (4) of the air actuator (4), - an air supply V̇ L .

[0158] In addition, the oxygen-related value (22) can be an oxygen partial pressure and the performance-related value (23) is selected from: - a power of the combustion device, - a fan speed of a fan (3) of the air actuator (3), - a position of an air flap (4) of the air actuator (4), - an air supply V̇L.

[0159] In addition, the oxygen-related value (22) may be a residual oxygen content and the performance-related value (23) is selected from: - a power of the combustion device, - a fan speed of a fan (3) of the air actuator (3), - a position of an air flap (4) of the air actuator (4), - an air supply V̇ L .

[0160] In one embodiment, the first setpoint curve (25) is different from the second setpoint curve (28).

[0161] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: Receiving one or more oxygen-related signals indicating an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure and / or a residual oxygen content from the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20).

[0162] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: Determining an oxygen-related measured value based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content, wherein the oxygen-related measured value is a measured value of the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content.

[0163] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods related to an oxygen concentration, the method comprising the step: Determining an oxygen-related measured value based on the one or more signals indicative of the oxygen concentration, wherein the oxygen-related measured value is a measured value of the oxygen concentration.

[0164] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods related to an oxygen partial pressure, the method comprising the step: Determining an oxygen-related measured value based on the one or more signals indicative of the oxygen partial pressure, wherein the oxygen-related measured value is a measured value of the oxygen partial pressure.

[0165] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods related to a residual oxygen content, the method comprising the step: Determining an oxygen-related measured value based on the one or more signals indicative of the residual oxygen content, wherein the oxygen-related measured value is a measured value of the residual oxygen content.

[0166] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods for controlling the combustion device, the combustion device comprising a user interface communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13), the method comprising the steps: Receiving a selection signal from the user interface, the selection signal indicating whether the first or second type of combustion is selected; Selecting the operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the first combustion mode if the selection signal indicates that the first combustion mode is selected; and Selecting the operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the second combustion mode if the selection signal indicates that the second combustion mode is selected.

[0167] The selection signal from a user interface enables configuration of the combustion device by a user. The user interface comprises, for example, a display with a suitable resolution. Suitable resolutions are 426 x 320 pixels, 470 x 320 pixels, 640 x 480 pixels and 960 x 720 pixels. This list of resolutions is not exhaustive. The display can comprise a black and white display and / or a grayscale display and / or a color screen. The display can be a liquid crystal display. The display can also be based on organic light-emitting diodes. The user interface further comprises an input device such as a keyboard, one or more push buttons, keys, a touch-sensitive screen and / or voice recognition via a microphone.In addition, the user interface can comprise a memory in the form of a working memory and / or in the form of a non-volatile memory. Using the memory of the user interface, user inputs can be temporarily stored before they are processed by the control and / or monitoring device (13).

[0168] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method including a user interface, the method comprising the step: Receiving a selection signal from the user interface prior to the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, the selection signal indicating whether the first or the second type of combustion is selected.

[0169] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: generating a selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, the selection signal indicating whether the first or the second type of combustion is selected; Selecting the exact one operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the first combustion mode if the selection signal indicates that the first combustion mode is selected; and Selecting exactly one operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the second type of combustion if the selection signal indicates that the second type of combustion is selected.

[0170] The generation of a selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) during operation of the combustion device enables switching between combustion modes during operation. For example, a combustion device can thus switch from combustion in the presence of a flame to flameless combustion.

[0171] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device comprises the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is responsive to the fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), wherein a first maximum value curve (24) for the first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second maximum value curve (27) for the second, flameless type of combustion are stored in the memory, wherein the first and the second maximum value curve (24, 27) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: if the exact one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first maximum value curve (24) as the operational maximum value curve from the memory; if the exact one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second maximum value curve (27) as the operational maximum value curve from the memory; Mapping the current power of the combustion device to an operational maximum value using the operational maximum value curve; Comparing the oxygen-related measured value with the operational maximum value; and if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value: Generating a closing signal and sending the closing signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to close.

[0172] In one embodiment, the first and second maximum value curves (24, 27) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair comprising an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). In a specific embodiment, the first and second maximum value curves (24, 27) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair consisting of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). The first maximum value curve (24) is typically different from the second maximum value curve (27).

[0173] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a maximum value curve (24, 27), the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value: Closing the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9); and Interrupting the fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6), in particular interrupting the fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6) to the combustion chamber (2).

[0174] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods including an operational maximum value, the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value: Generating a locking signal and sending the locking signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the locking signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to lock after closing.

[0175] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a maximum value curve (24, 26), the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value and after the closure of at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9): Locking of at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9).

[0176] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device comprises the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is responsive to the fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6), wherein a first minimum value curve (26) for the first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second minimum value curve (29) for the second, flameless type of combustion are stored in the memory, wherein the first and the second minimum value curve (26, 29) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: if the exactly one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first minimum value curve (26) as the operational minimum value curve from the memory; if the exact one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second minimum value curve (29) as the operational minimum value curve from the memory; Mapping the current power of the combustion device to an operational minimum value using the operational minimum value curve; Comparing the oxygen-related measured value with the operational minimum value; and if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the operational minimum value: Generating a closing signal and sending the closing signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to close.

[0177] In one embodiment, the first and second minimum value curves (26, 29) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair comprising an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). In a specific embodiment, the first and second minimum value curves (26, 29) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs, each value pair consisting of an oxygen-related value (22) and a power-related value (23). The first minimum value curve (26) is typically different from the second minimum value curve (29).

[0178] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a minimum value curve (26, 29), the method comprising the steps: if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the minimum value: Closing the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9); and Interrupting the fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6), in particular interrupting the fuel supply V̇ B through the fuel supply channel (6) to the combustion chamber (2).

[0179] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including an operational maximum value, the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the operational minimum value: Generating a locking signal and sending the locking signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the locking signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to lock after closing.

[0180] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a maximum value curve (24, 26), the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the operational minimum value and after the closure of at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9): Locking of at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9).

[0181] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the oxygen-related setpoint using the operational setpoint curve by interpolating between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational setpoint curve.

[0182] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving interpolation, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the oxygen-related setpoint using the operational setpoint curve by linear interpolation between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational setpoint curve.

[0183] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods including an operational maximum value, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the operational maximum value using the operational maximum value curve by interpolating between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational maximum value curve.

[0184] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving interpolation, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the operational maximum value using the operational maximum value curve by linear interpolation between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational maximum value curve.

[0185] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the combustion device comprising at least one temperature sensor, the method comprising the steps: Receiving one or more temperature signals from the at least one temperature sensor; Determining a temperature based on the one or more temperature signals; Comparing the temperature with a predetermined temperature threshold; if the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold: Generation of the selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, wherein the selection signal indicates that the second type of combustion is selected.

[0186] The at least one temperature sensor is, for example, a temperature sensor in or on the air supply duct. The at least one temperature sensor can be a PT100 sensor or can include a PT100 sensor. This determines whether the temperature of the combustion air is sufficiently high for flameless combustion.

[0187] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the combustion device comprising at least one temperature sensor, the method comprising the steps: Receiving one or more temperature signals from the at least one temperature sensor; Determining a temperature based on the one or more temperature signals; Comparing the temperature with a predetermined temperature threshold; and if the temperature is lower than the temperature threshold: Generation of the selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, wherein the selection signal indicates that the first type of combustion is selected.

[0188] The specified temperature threshold can, for example, be between 700 Kelvin and 1800 Kelvin.

[0189] The present disclosure also teaches a combustion device comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel (6) leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which responds to a fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), the combustion device comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) comprising a memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) is communicatively connected to the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and to the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and is designed to carry out one of the aforementioned methods.

[0190] In one embodiment, the combustion device comprises at least one fuel actuator (7-9). A method involving at least one fuel actuator (7-9) can then also be carried out.

[0191] Preferably, the combustion device comprises at least one temperature sensor, and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) is communicatively connected to the at least one temperature sensor. A method involving at least one temperature sensor can then also be carried out.

[0192] The present disclosure also teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) of one of the aforementioned combustion devices to carry out the method steps according to one of the aforementioned methods.

[0193] The present disclosure also teaches a computer-readable medium on which the aforementioned computer program is stored.

[0194] The foregoing relates to individual embodiments of the disclosure. Various modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the underlying idea and without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims. Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims. Reference symbol 1 combustion device 2 combustion chamber 3 fans with (optional) variable speed 4 air damper with actuator 5 Combustion air 6 Fuel for combustion or fuel supply channel 7 Safety shut-off valve 8 Safety shut-off valve 9 Fuel actuator with actuator for changing the fuel supply 10 Exhaust gas path, in particular exhaust gas stack and / or flue gas stack and / or chimney 11 Air supply duct 12 Sensor for detecting the air supply (air mass flow / speed etc.) 13 Regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 14 Control signal for air damper (setting angle) 15 Control signal for fan speed (optional) 16 Measurement signal from the air supply sensor 17 Open / close signal for safety shut-off valve 18 Open / close signal for safety shut-off valve 19 Control signal for fuel actuator (e.g. angle / step position) 20 Sensor in the exhaust duct 21 Measurement signal from the sensor in the exhaust duct 22 Oxygen concentration and / or oxygen partial pressure, residual oxygen content 23 performance-related size 24 Maximum value curve and / or maximum course during combustion in the presence of a flame 25 Setpoint curve and / or setpoint progression during combustion in the presence of a flame 26 Minimum value curve and / or minimum course during combustion in the presence of a flame 27 Maximum value curve and / or maximum course for flameless oxidation and / or flameless combustion 28 Setpoint curve and / or setpoint progression for flameless oxidation and / or flameless combustion 29 Minimum value curve and / or minimum course for flameless oxidation and / or flameless combustion

Claims

[1] Method for controlling a combustion device, the combustion device comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel (6) leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply ̇V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is responsive to a fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), the combustion device comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) comprising a memory in which a first setpoint curve (25) for a first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second setpoint curve (28) for a second, flameless type of combustion are stored, wherein the first and the second setpoint curve (25, 28) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs from an oxygen-related value (22) and from a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: Selecting exactly one operational combustion mode of the combustion device from the first and second types of combustion; if the exact one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first setpoint curve (25) as the operational setpoint curve from the memory; if the exact one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second setpoint curve as the operational setpoint curve from the memory; Receiving one or more oxygen-related signals from the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20); Determining an oxygen-related measurement value based on the one or more oxygen-related signals; Mapping a current output of the combustion device to an oxygen-related setpoint using the operational setpoint curve; Comparing the target value with the oxygen-related measured value; and Generating a control signal based on the comparison between the setpoint and the oxygen-related measured value and sending the control signal to the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9). [2] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 1, the combustion device comprising a user interface which is communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13), the method comprising the steps: Receiving a selection signal from the user interface, the selection signal indicating whether the first or second type of combustion is selected; Selecting the operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the first combustion mode if the selection signal indicates that the first combustion mode is selected; and Selecting the operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the second combustion mode if the selection signal indicates that the second combustion mode is selected. [3] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 2, the method comprising the step: Receiving a selection signal from the user interface prior to the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, the selection signal indicating whether the first or the second type of combustion is selected. [4] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of: Generating a selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after a start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, the selection signal indicating whether the first or the second type of combustion is selected; Selecting exactly one operational combustion mode of the combustion device as the first type of combustion if the selection signal indicates that the first type of combustion is selected; and Selecting exactly one operational combustion type of the combustion device as the second type of combustion if the selection signal indicates that the second type of combustion is selected. [5] The method for controlling the combustion device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion device comprises the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is responsive to the fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), wherein a first maximum value curve (24) for the first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second maximum value curve (27) for the second, flameless type of combustion are stored in the memory, wherein the first and the second maximum value curve (24, 27) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs from an oxygen-related value (22) and from a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: if the exactly one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first maximum value curve (24) as the operational maximum value curve from the memory; if the exact one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second maximum value curve (27) as the operational maximum value curve from the memory; Mapping the current power of the combustion device to an operational maximum value using the operational maximum value curve; Comparing the oxygen-related measured value with the operational maximum value; and if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value: Generating a closing signal and sending the closing signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to close. [6] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 5, the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is greater than the operational maximum value: Generating a locking signal and sending the locking signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the locking signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to lock after closing. [7] The method for controlling the combustion device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the combustion device comprises the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which is responsive to the fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), wherein a first minimum value curve (26) for the first type of combustion in the presence of a flame and a second minimum value curve (29) for the second, flameless type of combustion are stored in the memory, wherein the first and the second minimum value curve (26, 29) each comprise at least two mutually different value pairs from an oxygen-related value (22) and from a power-related value (23), the method comprising the steps: if the exactly one operational combustion type is the first type of combustion, loading the first minimum value curve (26) as the operational minimum value curve from the memory; if the exactly one operational combustion type is the second type of combustion, loading the second minimum value curve (29) as the operational minimum value curve from the memory; Mapping the current power of the combustion device to an operational minimum value using the operational minimum value curve; Comparing the oxygen-related measured value with the operational minimum value; and if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the operational minimum value: Generating a closing signal and sending the closing signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to close. [8] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 7, the method comprising the step: if the oxygen-related measured value is less than the operational minimum value: Generating a locking signal and sending the locking signal to the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), wherein the locking signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9), causes the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) to lock after closing. [9] The method for controlling the combustion device according to one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the oxygen-related setpoint using the operational setpoint curve by interpolating between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational setpoint curve. [10] The method for controlling the combustion device according to one of claims 5 to 6, the method comprising the step: Mapping the current power of the combustion device to the operational maximum value using the operational maximum value curve by interpolating between at least two different pairs of values ​​of the operational maximum value curve. [11] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 4, the combustion device comprising at least one temperature sensor, the method comprising the steps: Receiving one or more temperature signals from the at least one temperature sensor; Determining a temperature based on the one or more temperature signals; Comparing the temperature with a predetermined temperature threshold; if the temperature is greater than the temperature threshold: Generating the selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, wherein the selection signal indicates that the second type of combustion is selected. [12] The method for controlling the combustion device according to claim 4, the combustion device comprising at least one temperature sensor, the method comprising the steps: Receiving one or more temperature signals from the at least one temperature sensor; Determining a temperature based on the one or more temperature signals; Comparing the temperature with a predetermined temperature threshold; and if the temperature is lower than the temperature threshold: Generating the selection signal by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) after the start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device, wherein the selection signal indicates that the first type of combustion is selected. [13] Combustion device comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel (6) leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which responds to a fuel supply V̇ Bthrough the fuel supply channel (6), the combustion device comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) comprising a memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) is communicatively connected to the at least one actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and to the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and is designed to carry out one of the methods according to claims 1 to 4. [14] Computer program comprising instructions which cause the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) of the combustion device according to claim 13 to carry out the method steps according to one of claims 1 to 4. [15] A computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to claim 14 is stored.

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