Prismatic battery cell and traction battery with such a

Abstract

The invention relates to a prismatic battery cell (4). This comprises a housing (6) with a housing shell (8) formed from two mutually parallel first side walls (12) and two mutually parallel second side walls (14), and with two housing covers (10) closing the housing shell (8), wherein one of the first side walls (12) of the housing shell (8) has a housing opening (30) which is closed by a pressure equalization device (32).The battery cell (4) further comprises an electrode arrangement (16) accommodated in the housing (6), and a spacer element (34) arranged between the electrode arrangement (16) and the flat inner side of the first side wall (SM1) having the housing opening (30), wherein the spacer element (34) is arranged on the flat inner side of the housing opening of this side wall (12), and wherein the spacer element (34) forms a channel structure by means of which the housing opening (30) is fluidically connected to a first channel structure opening (36) on one of the second side walls (12), to a second channel structure opening (38) to a spatial region (42) between the housing cover (10) and the spacer element (34), and to a third channel structure opening (40) to a spatial region (44) for the electrode arrangement (16).

Description

The invention relates to a prismatic battery cell having a housing in which an electrode arrangement and a spacer element are arranged. The invention furthermore relates to a traction battery having such a battery cell and to an electrically driven motor vehicle having such a battery cell.An electrically driven motor vehicle typically has a traction battery (high-voltage battery, HV battery) which supplies an electric motor with energy for driving the motor vehicle. An electrically driven motor vehicle is understood here to mean, in particular, an electric vehicle which stores the energy required for driving only in the traction battery (BEV), an electric vehicle having a range extended electric vehicle (REEV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and / or a fuel cell vehicle (FCEV), which temporarily stores the electrical energy generated by a fuel cell in the traction battery.Such a traction battery typically comprises a plurality of battery cells, in particular lithium-ion battery cells, which are electrically interconnected to one another in series and / or in parallel to one another.The battery cells are divided into different types depending on their configuration. Thus, for example, a pouch cell (coffee-bag cell) has a film, in particular an aluminum composite film, as a casing, in which the electrodes of the battery cell are enclosed. A cylindrical battery cell, on the other hand, comprises a comparatively flexurally rigid housing, in particular made of a metal sheet, wherein the housing has a substantially circular cylindrical shape. Furthermore, so-called prismatic battery cells are known, the housings of which are likewise designed to be comparatively flexurally rigid, in particular from a metal sheet, and are substantially cuboidal.During and / or shortly before a so-called thermal runaway ("thermal runaway"), gas formation occurs within the battery cell, in particular at its electrodes.If such a gas arises, it cannot initially escape from the cell, which results in a pressure increase within the battery cell. When the critical internal cell pressure is exceeded, the battery cell is finally opened (vent), with the gas escaping from the battery cell into the battery interior. Expediently, a valve, in particular a pressure relief valve, or a rupture membrane is provided for the battery cell, which valve or rupture membrane opens when a predefined internal cell pressure is exceeded, so that the gas flows out of the battery cell in a targeted manner from the setpoint outlet point formed by means of the valve or rupture membrane.In particular, in the case of a high energy density of the battery cell, a space in the battery cell through which the gas can flow is comparatively small, and therefore the outflow of the gas from the battery cell is impeded.CN 218300117 U discloses a battery cell having an electrode arrangement accommodated in a housing, wherein an outlet element is arranged between the electrode arrangement and a housing side which has a gas outlet, with the aid of which gas generated in the battery cell is conducted to the gas outlet.EP 4 170 801 A1 discloses a battery cell whose housing comprises a receiving space for an electrode arrangement. A housing wall of the housing has a pressure relief mechanism, an inner surface of this housing wall being provided with a passage extending along the inner surface so as to direct a gas in the receiving space to the pressure relief mechanism.The invention is based on the object of specifying a prismatic battery cell in which a gas formed in the battery cell can be discharged as reliably as possible. Furthermore, a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle having such a battery cell and an electrically driven motor vehicle having such a battery cell should be specified.With regard to the prismatic battery cell, this object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. With regard to the traction battery, the object is achieved according to the invention with the features of claim 8 and with regard to the electrically driven motor vehicle with the features of claim 9. Advantageous embodiments and developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. In this case, the explanations in connection with the battery cell also apply analogously to the traction battery and to the motor vehicle, and vice versa.The battery cell, also referred to below as a cell for short, is provided in particular for a traction battery of an electrically driven motor vehicle. The battery cell is particularly suitably a lithium-ion battery cell.The battery cell has a cuboidal, i.e. prismatic, housing with a housing jacket (cell jacket). This is open on mutually opposite end sides. Thus, the housing jacket is formed from two first side walls parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another in the Z direction and from two second side walls parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another in the Y direction. The second side walls are oriented transversely to the first side walls.One of the first side walls comprises, expediently centrally, a housing opening. The housing opening is expediently designed as a hole-like cutout which is continuous in the Z direction. At most, the housing opening is closed by a device for pressure compensation, expediently in a fluid-tight manner. The device is designed to open in the case of a predefined internal cell pressure or in the case of a predefined pressure difference between the internal cell pressure and the pressure, in particular air pressure, in the environment of the battery cell. When the device is open, the cell interior enclosed by the housing is connected in terms of flow to the surroundings of the battery cell, so that a gas and / or electrolyte formed in the battery cell, for example in the course of a thermal runaway, can flow out of the battery cell. The device for pressure compensation is suitably designed as a valve, in particular as a pressure relief valve, or as a rupture disk or as a rupture membrane. The device for pressure compensation thus forms an overpressure protection device.The second side walls are expediently larger in terms of area than the first side walls. The second side walls then therefore form the base sides of the housing, and the first side walls form the (long) narrow sides of the housing.The housing jacket collectively forms the side walls of the housing of the battery cell oriented parallel to a jacket axis. The housing jacket is thus formed hollow cylindrically, wherein the cylinder has a rectangle as the base surface.In summary, the Z direction denotes the direction from the first side wall which comprises the housing opening to the other first side wall, the Y direction denotes the direction from one of the second side walls to the other second side wall, and the X direction denotes the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and perpendicular to the Z direction. The X direction is thus parallel to the first and to the second side walls of the housing jacket, in other words the X direction is parallel to the jacket axis, that is to say to a central axis of the housing jacket.The housing jacket is formed, for example, from a metal sheet, in particular from steel or aluminum.Furthermore, the housing comprises two cell covers which close the housing jacket, in particular its open end faces. The two cell covers are expediently designed as components which are separate from the housing jacket and which are joined, in particular in a fluid-tight manner, to the housing jacket during the assembly. For example, the two cell covers are welded to the respective free end side of the housing jacket for this purpose. The two cell covers are thus oriented perpendicular to the first and second end faces, i.e. perpendicular to the X direction. The two cell covers suitably each comprise a terminal, i.e. one of the two cell poles.In summary, the battery cell is a prismatic battery cell.Furthermore, the prismatic battery cell has an electrode arrangement which is accommodated in the housing. For example, it is formed as a flat winding, but the electrode arrangement is preferably formed as an electrode stack.The electrode stack has anodes and cathodes alternately stacked on top of one another in the stacking direction as electrodes. A separator is arranged between the anodes and the cathodes. For example, the separator is configured in the manner of a Z-folding as a folded separator web, wherein the electrodes are arranged between the unfolded separator sections.The electrode arrangement is preferably oriented in such a way that its narrow side faces the housing opening, that is to say that in the case of an electrode stack as an electrode arrangement the stacking direction is parallel to the Y direction, in other words in such a way that the electrodes are arranged parallel to the second side walls of the electrodes. In this way, a flow of gas that forms at an electrode of the electrode arrangement is facilitated.A (first) spacer element is arranged between the electrode arrangement and the first side wall having the housing opening. This is formed as a separate component from the housing and / or the electrode arrangement.In a comparatively simple embodiment, the inner side of the first side wall which has the housing opening, in particular the inner sides of the two first side walls, is planar, thus flat. The inner side is understood to mean the cell interior, i.e. the side of the respective first side wall facing the electrode arrangement. In summary, the spacer element is arranged between the electrode arrangement and the planar inner side of the first side wall having the housing opening. Preferably, the spacer element rests on this side wall.The spacer element forms a channel structure, on the basis of which the housing opening is fluidically connected to a first channel structure opening on one of the second side walls, to a second channel structure opening to a spatial region between one of the housing covers and the spacer element, and to a third channel structure opening to a spatial region for the electrode arrangement. In other words, the first channel structure opening opens at the respective second side wall, the second channel structure opening opens at the space region between the housing cover and the spacer element, and the third channel structure opening opens at the space region for the electrode arrangement, in particular at the electrode arrangement. The spacer element thus forms flow paths for the gas.Thus, the spacer element is configured such that a gas formed in the battery cell can flow from each of the second side walls to the housing opening, such that the fluid can flow in and / or counter to the Z direction from the electrode arrangement through the spacer element to the first side wall having the housing opening, and such that the fluid can flow in the X direction from the housing cover to the housing opening.When a gas is formed in the battery cell, in particular during its thermal runaway, and the associated increase in the internal cell pressure, the battery cell may inflate. Due to the configuration of the spacer element such that the first channel structure opening of the channel structure opens onto one of the second side walls, it is particularly advantageously made possible for the gas to flow along this second side wall and from there to the housing opening.In summary, it is particularly advantageously made possible on the basis of the spacer element that a gas formed in the battery cell can flow both in the X direction, in the Y direction, and in the Z direction to the housing opening. In this way, when the pressure compensation device is open, a particularly reliable discharge of this gas is made possible.According to an advantageous development, a further spacer element is arranged between the first side wall, which is situated opposite the first side wall having the housing opening, and the electrode arrangement. The further spacer element is also referred to here and in the following as a second spacer element. In other words, a spacer element is arranged between the electrode arrangement and the two first side walls.The further (second) spacer element forms, in a manner analogous to the first spacer element, a channel structure which has at least one first channel structure opening on one of the second side walls, a second channel structure opening to the spatial region between the housing cover and the spacer element, and / or a third channel structure opening to a spatial region for the electrode arrangement. In other words, the first channel structure opening opens at this second side wall, the second channel structure opening opens space region between the housing cover and the spacer element, and the third channel structure opening opens in the space region for the electrode arrangement, in particular at the electrode arrangement. In this case, the first, the second and / or the third channel structure mouth of the second spacer element are expediently connected to one another in terms of flow.For example, the second spacer element has the same structure as the first spacer element.A gas which was formed in the upper region of the electrode arrangement with respect to the Z direction, that is to say in the region of the electrode arrangement close to the second spacer element, can flow away upwards, that is to say towards the wide spacer element, owing to the second spacer element and the flow paths formed on the basis thereof, and from there, for example along the second side walls or through the spatial region between one of the cell covers and the electrode arrangement, towards the first spacer element and finally towards the housing opening. The use of the second spacer element results in a reduced flow resistance for gas formed in the upper region of the electrode arrangement, since the gas can flow around the electrode arrangement not downwards through the electrode arrangement but rather due to the second spacer element.According to an advantageous embodiment, the spacer element and / or the further spacer element each has a tab protruding in or opposite to the Z direction. The tab projects between the electrode arrangement and the housing cover opposite it.Particularly preferably, furthermore, on the side of the tab facing the housing cover, a channel extending in the Z direction and open, in particular groove-shaped, for example towards the housing cover (cell cover) is formed. This channel serves to guide gas with respect to the Z direction, so that gas which flows in the spatial region between the housing cover does not enter the electrode arrangement.In addition, the brackets can be used as the point of application for a mounting tool.For example, the first and / or the second spacer element is formed from a plastic in a weight-saving manner.Alternatively, the first and / or the second spacer element of an expedient configuration comprises a heat-resistant material or is formed on the basis of such a material. For example, the material is heat-resistant up to 1000° C., preferably up to 1500° C., particularly preferably up to 2000° C., and is therefore dimensionally stable at least up to this temperature. Since comparatively high temperatures can occur during a thermal runaway, an undesired deformation and, associated therewith, an undesired closing of the channel structure of the respective spacer element or even of the housing opening is avoided in this way. For example, the spacer element is formed from a surface-coated steel or from an aluminum oxide sintered structure.The first and / or the second spacer element is expediently electrically insulating and electrolyte-resistant.According to an advantageous embodiment, the spacer element narrows in the region of the housing opening, i.e. in the region thereof arranged above the housing opening in the Z direction, with respect to the Y direction. In other words, an extension of the spacer element in a direction perpendicular to the second side walls is reduced. Preferably, the spacer element narrows on both sides with respect to the Y direction towards the center of the spacer element in the Y direction.Due to the tapering, a distance of the spacer element from the respective second side wall is increased with respect to the Y direction, so that the gas can flow more easily from the respective second side wall to the housing opening.Particularly preferably, the housing opening is at least partially covered by the spacer element with respect to the Z direction. Consequently, the electrode assembly cannot be moved toward the housing opening. Along with this, the spacer element prevents the housing opening from being clogged by the electrode arrangement during a thermal runaway.For example, the second spacer element has, in an analogous manner, such a taper with respect to the Y direction, so that a discharge of the gas from above the electrode arrangement, in particular in the case of a expanded battery cell, along the second side walls is facilitated. By way of example, the taper is arranged centrally with respect to the X direction.According to a suitable configuration, the first spacer element and / or the further (second) spacer element each has a plate-shaped base body oriented parallel to the first side wall. This expediently covers the housing opening at least in sections with respect to the Z direction. Projections protruding in and / or counter to the Z direction and / or preferably toward the respectively assigned first side wall are arranged on the base body. The extensions are arranged and configured in such a way that they form channels opening on one of the second side walls and to the spatial region between the housing cover and the respective spacer element.Expediently, the extensions are spaced apart from one another in the X direction and / or in the Y direction. For example, the extensions are pillar-shaped or hemispherical. Alternatively, the extensions are rib-like.Additionally or alternatively, the plate-shaped base body has hole-like recesses which are continuous in the Z direction. These recesses thus each form channels through which the gas formed in the electrode arrangement can flow counter to the Z direction towards the housing opening. These channels thus each open into the receiving region for the electrode arrangement. In other words, these recesses form a respective third channel structure opening. Expediently, these channels open on their underside facing the first side wall into one of the channels extending in the X direction and / or in the Y direction.According to a preferred embodiment, the electrode arrangement is provided with an insulation foil, in particular for electrical insulation with respect to the housing. In this case, the side of the electrode arrangement facing the housing opening (and, if a second spacer element is used, preferably also the side of the electrode arrangement parallel to this side) is free of the insulation film at least in sections. In other words, the side of the electrode arrangement facing the first side wall with the housing opening is not provided with the insulation film or is provided only in sections with the insulation film. In this way, a discharge of gas in the Z direction from the electrode arrangement is facilitated.A further aspect of the invention relates to a traction battery (HV battery, high-voltage battery) which is provided and configured to provide electrical energy for a high-voltage grid of the motor vehicle. In particular, the (DC) voltage provided by the traction battery is greater than 60 V, preferably between 200 and 2000 V. Expediently, a traction drive is supplied with electrical energy by means of the traction battery. At most, the traction battery comprises at least one prismatic battery cell which is designed according to one of the variants illustrated above. The traction battery suitably comprises a plurality of such battery cells which are connected in series and / or in parallel with one another.A further aspect of the invention relates to an electrically driven motor vehicle which has a prismatic battery cell which is formed in one of the variants illustrated above. Additionally or alternatively, the motor vehicle comprises a traction battery in one of the variants illustrated above.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Shown therein are: FIG. 1 schematically shows a traction battery with a prismatic battery cell, wherein the battery cell has a housing with an electrode arrangement accommodated therein, and wherein a spacer element is arranged between a side wall of the housing, which has a housing opening, and the electrode arrangement, FIG. 2 shows the battery cell in exploded view, with a first variant of the spacer element, FIGS. 3 a, 3 b show the spacer element of FIG. 2 in a perspective view with a view on its side facing the side wall or on its side facing the electrode arrangement, FIG. 4 ashows an alternative embodiment of the spacer element in a perspective view, wherein the spacer element has a plate-shaped base body with extensions formed on its side facing the side wall, FIG. 4 bshows the spacer element of FIG. 4 ain a plan view on its side facing the side wall, FIG. 4 cshows the spacer element of FIG. 4 ain a side view, FIG. 4d shows, on an enlarged scale, the region A according to FIG. 4c, FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the spacer element of FIG. 4 a looking at its side facing the side wall, wherein the extensions are interrupted in the X direction, FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the spacer element of FIG. 4 a looking at its side facing the side wall, wherein the extensions are formed as hemispheres spaced apart from one another, and FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the spacer element of FIG. 4 a looking at its side facing the side wall, wherein the extensions are bent in an arc shape toward the center of the base body.Parts and sizes corresponding to one another are always provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.FIG. 1 shows a schematic traction battery 2 having a prismatic battery cell 4. As representative, only one prismatic battery cell 4 is shown, but expediently the traction battery 2 comprises a plurality of, for example between 20 and 100, such battery cells 4 which are electrically connected in series and / or in parallel with one another.The battery cell 4 comprises a housing 6 with a housing jacket 8, and with two housing covers 10 (cell cover 10, cover 10) that close the housing jacket 8 on mutually opposite end faces. The housing covers 10 are joined to the housing jacket 8 in a fluid-tight manner, for example by welding or crimping.The housing jacket 8 is formed from two first side walls 12 parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another in the Z direction and from two second side walls 14 parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another in the Y direction. The second side walls 14 are oriented transversely to the first side walls 12. A direction parallel to the first and to the second side walls 12, 14, i.e. perpendicular to the Y direction and to the Z direction, is referred to below as the X direction.An electrode arrangement 16 with anodes 18 and cathodes stacked one above the other is accommodated in the housing 6, wherein the electrode arrangement 16 is here embodied as an electrode stack 16 by way of example. This is the stacking direction, i.e. the direction in which electrodes 18, 20 of the electrode stack are stacked one above the other, parallel to the Y direction.Arresters 22 (arrester regions 22) of the anodes 18 are arranged on a first end face 24 of the electrode arrangement 16 oriented perpendicularly to the X direction, that is to say parallel to the housing covers 10, and are upwards in the X direction.Arresters 22 (arrester regions 22) of the cathodes 20 are arranged on a second end face 26 of the electrode arrangement 16 oriented perpendicularly to the X direction and are oriented opposite the X direction.The arresters 22 of the anodes are electrically connected to a terminal 28 of that housing cover 10 and in particular welded thereto, which housing cover 10 faces the first end face 24 of the electrode stack 16, that is to say lies opposite this end face 24. The arresters 22 of the cathodes 20 are electrically connected to a terminal 28 of that housing cover 10 and in particular welded thereto, which housing cover 10 faces the second end face 26 of the electrode stack 16, that is to say lies opposite this end face 26.One of the first side walls 12 comprises, for example in the middle, a housing opening 30, which is formed as a hole-like cutout of this first side wall 12 which runs through in the Z direction. The housing opening 30 is closed in a fluid-tight manner by means of a device 32 for pressure compensation. By way of example, the device 32 is designed as a rupture membrane or as a pressure relief valve.Between the electrode arrangement 16 and the first side wall 12 having the housing opening 30, a (first) spacer element 34 is arranged. The first spacer element 34 is arranged on the planar inner side, i.e. the side facing the electrode arrangement 16, of this first side wall 12 and lies on it.The first spacer element 34 forms a channel structure on the basis of which the housing opening 30 has a first channel structure opening 36 which opens out on one of the second side walls 14, a second channel structure opening 38 which opens out in a spatial region 42 between the housing cover 10 and the spacer element 34, and a third channel structure opening 40 which is fluidically connected to a spatial region 44 for the electrode arrangement 16. In summary, the housing opening is fluidically connected to the first, to the second and to the third channel structure mouth 36, 38, 40 of the channel structure. Consequently, a gas formed in the battery cell 4 can flow from each of the channel structure ports to the 36, 38, 40 toward the case opening 30. Preferably, the first, the second and the third channel structure mouth 36, 38, 40 are connected directly to one another in terms of flow.Optionally and preferably, a further spacer element 46 (second spacer element 46) is arranged between the electrode arrangement 16 and that first side wall 12 which does not have the housing opening 30, that is to say which is opposite the first side wall 12 which has the housing opening 30.The further spacer element 34 likewise forms a channel structure having a first channel structure opening 36 which opens out on one of the second side walls 14, having a second channel structure opening 38 which opens out in the spatial region 42 between the respective housing cover 10 and the spacer element 34, and / or having a third channel structure opening 40 which opens out in a spatial region 44 for the electrode arrangement 34. Preferably, the first, the second and the third channel structure mouth 36, 38, 40 are fluidically connected to one another.The second spacer element 46 has, for example, the same structure as the first spacer element 34.By way of example, FIG. 1 shows two types of formation 48 at which gas is formed, for example in the course of a thermal runaway of the battery cell 4. Possible flow paths P 1, P 2 are illustrated in FIG. 1 by means of arrows. For example, one of the flow paths (P 1) leads from an electrode of the electrode arrangement 16 into the spatial region 42 and from there through the first spacer element 34 along the first side wall 12 to the housing opening 30. Further, for example, the other flow path P 2 leads from the location of origin 48 arranged in the vicinity of the second spacer element into the second spacer element 46, from there into the spatial region 42, there counter to the Z direction to the first side wall 12 and subsequently through the first spacer element 34 along the first side wall 12 to the housing opening 30. In a manner not shown in more detail, the gas, in particular when the battery cell 4 has expanded, can flow from the location of origin 48 arranged in the vicinity of the second spacer element 46 into the second spacer element 46 and from there along one of the second side walls 14 counter to the Z direction to the first side wall 12 with housing opening and subsequently through the first spacer element AE 1 from the second side wall to the housing opening 30.FIG. 2 shows the battery cell 4 with a first variant of the first and second spacer elements 34, 46 in an exploded illustration.Optionally, the battery cell 4, as can be seen in FIG. 2, has an insulation film 50 for electrically insulating the electrode arrangement, in particular with respect to the housing 6. In particular, it is glued onto the electrode stack 16. This covers the upper and lower sides of the stack facing the second side walls 14 completely. The side of the electrode stack 16 facing the first spacer element 34-and if present also the side of the second spacer element 46-is not or not completely provided with the insulation foil. In other words, these sides are free of the insulation film 50 at least in sections. According to the example illustrated here, this side or these sides of the electrode stack 16 are only encompassed by tabs of the insulation film 50 in order to fix, in particular to glue together, the section of the insulation film 50 arranged on the stack top side and the section of the insulation film 50 arranged on the stack bottom side.The insulation foil 50 is not shown in any more detail in FIG. 1 for the purpose of better clarity.The first variant of the first spacer element 34 is illustrated in comparatively detail in FIGS. 3 aand 3 b. In this case, the spacer element 34 is formed from a plastic. The second spacer element 46 is constructed identically thereto, so that the explanations relating to the first spacer element 34 apply in an analogous manner.The first spacer element 34 comprises a plate-shaped base body 52 which, in the assembled state, is oriented parallel to the corresponding first side wall 12. Rib-shaped extensions 54 are arranged on the base body 52 and protrude towards the first side wall. These extensions 54 extend in the X direction and are arranged spaced apart from one another in this direction. the region formed between the extensions 54 with respect to the X direction thereby forms a channel 56 extending in the Y direction, which ends at the second side wall. This channel 56 thus forms the first channel structure opening 36.In addition, the extensions 54 are spaced apart from one another in the Y direction. In this way, a channel 58 extending in the X direction is formed, which opens out in the spatial region 42 between the spacer element 46 and the respective housing cover 10. This channel 58 thus forms the second channel structure opening 38.Furthermore, the plate-shaped base body comprises continuous recesses 60 in the Z direction. These are arranged here in the manner of a grid. The end of these recesses facing the electrode arrangement forms the third channel structure opening 40.Optionally, the spacer element 34 (and analogously the second spacer element 46) has at its two ends in the X direction a tab 62 protruding in the Z direction. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, the tab 62 projects between the electrode arrangement 16 and the respective housing cover 10. For this purpose, ribs 66 extending in the Z direction, spaced apart from one another in the Y direction, protrude on the tab outer side, between which ribs this channel 64 extending in the Z direction is formed.A second variant of the first spacer element 34 is shown in FIGS. 4a to 4d. Here, the spacer 34 is formed of a heat-resistant material. For example, this material is heat-resistant up to 1000° C., preferably up to 1500° C., particularly preferably up to 2000° C. For example, the spacer element 34 is formed for this purpose from steel or from an aluminum oxide sintered structure.The second spacer element 46 is constructed identically thereto, so that the explanations relating to the first spacer element 34 apply in an analogous manner.In a manner analogous to the first variant of the spacer element 34, it likewise comprises, according to the second variant, a plate-shaped base body 52 which is oriented parallel to the first side wall 12 of the housing jacket 8.Rib-shaped extensions 54 are arranged on the base body 52 and protrude toward the first side wall, which extend in the X direction and are spaced apart from one another in the Y direction, so that the channel 58 extending in the X direction is formed, which opens into the spatial region 42 between the spacer element 46 and the respective housing cover 10. This channel 58 thus has the second channel structure opening 38.The spacer element 34 narrows with respect to the Y direction in the region of the housing opening 30 on both sides towards the center of the spacer element.The extensions 54 are interrupted in the region of the taper 68, so that fluid can flow in or counter to the Y direction from the respective second side wall 14 to the housing opening 30. In other words, the rib-shaped extensions 54 spaced apart from one another in the X direction form a channel 56 extending in the Y direction, which channel forms the first channel structure opening 36.Furthermore, the plate-shaped base body comprises through hole-like recesses 60 in the Z direction. The end of these recesses 60 facing the electrode arrangement 16 forms the third channel structure opening 40 in this case.Optionally, the spacer element 34 (and analogously the second spacer element 46) has, in a manner analogous to the first variant, at each of its two ends in the X direction a tab 62 protruding in the Z direction, which tab protrudes between the electrode arrangement 16 and the respective housing cover 10. On the side of the tab 62 facing the respective housing cover 10, ribs 66 which are spaced apart from one another in the Y direction and extend in the Z direction protrude, which ribs form a channel 64 extending in the Z direction.Optionally, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 4 d, the spacer element 34 is provided with a coating 70, so that this is electrically insulating and / or resistant to an electrolyte of the battery cell 4.FIGS. 5 to 7 show further embodiment variants of the spacer element 34 or of the second spacer element 46. These differ from the second variant in the configuration of the extensions 54.Thus, in FIG. 5, the extensions 54 are designed as webs which are spaced apart from one another in the X direction and in the Y direction and form the channels 56 and 58.In FIG. 6, the extensions 54 are designed as hemispheres spaced apart from one another.In FIG. 7, the extensions 54 are designed in the form of a curve, wherein the extensions 54 are designed in the form of a curveIn FIGS. 3 ato 7, possible flow paths for a gas are represented by means of an arrow which is provided with the reference symbol P.In a manner not shown in more detail, an electrically driven motor vehicle, in particular its traction battery, has a battery cell 4 according to one of the variants shown above.The invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Rather, within the scope of the claims, other variants of the invention can also be derived from this by the person skilled in the art without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all individual features described in connection with the exemplary embodiments and / or in the claims can also be combined with one another in another manner without departing from the subject matter of the invention.List of reference characters2 Traction battery 4 prismatic battery cell 6 housing 8 housing shell 10 housing cover 12 first side wall 14 second side wall 16 electrode arrangement 18 anode 20 cathode 22 arrester 24 first end side of the electrode arrangement 26 second end side of the electrode arrangement 28 terminal 30 housing opening 32 device for pressure compensation / rupture membrane 34 spacer element 36 first channel structure opening 38 second channel structure opening 40 third channel structure opening 42 spatial region between the housing cover and the spacer element 44 spatial region for the electrode arrangement 46 further spacer element 48 location of origin 50 insulation film 52 base body 54 extension 56 channel 58 channel 60 recess 62 tab 64 channel 66 rib 68 taper 70 coating X X direction Y Y direction Z Z direction P, P1, P2 flow pathReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedCN 218300117 U

[0008] EP 4 170 801 A1

[0009]

Claims

Prismatic battery cell (4), in particular for a traction battery (2) of an electrically driven motor vehicle, having - a housing (6) with a housing jacket (8) which is formed from two mutually parallel first side walls (12) and from two mutually parallel second side walls (14), and with two housing covers (10) which close the housing jacket (8), wherein one of the first side walls (12) of the housing jacket (8) has a housing opening (30) which is closed by a device (32) for pressure compensation, - an electrode arrangement (16) accommodated in the housing (6), - a spacer element (34) arranged between the electrode arrangement (16) and the planar inner side of the first side wall (12) which has the housing opening (30), wherein the spacer element (34) is arranged on the planar inner side of the first side wall (12) which has the housing opening, - wherein the spacer element (34) forms a channel structure, by means of which the housing opening (30) is fluidically connected to a first channel structure opening (36) on one of the second side walls (14), to a second channel structure opening (38) to a spatial region (42) between the housing cover (10) and the spacer element (34), and to a third channel structure opening (40) to a spatial region (44) for the electrode arrangement (16).Prismatic battery cell (4) according to Claim 1, characterized - in that a further spacer element (46) is arranged between the first side wall (12), which is opposite the housing opening (30), and the electrode arrangement (16), and / or - wherein the further spacer element (46) forms a channel structure which has a first channel structure orifice (36) on one of the second side walls (12), a second channel structure orifice (38) to the spatial region (42) between the housing cover (10) and the spacer element (34), and / or a third channel structure orifice (40) to a spatial region (44) for the electrode arrangement (16).Prismatic battery cell (4) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized - in that the spacer element (34) and / or the further spacer element (46) each has a tab (62) which projects in a direction (Z) perpendicular to the first side wall (12) and projects between the electrode arrangement (16) and one of the housing covers (10), and / or - wherein a channel (64) which extends in the Z direction is formed on the side of the tab (62) facing the housing cover (10).Prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacer element (34) and / or the further spacer element (46) has or is formed from a heat-resistant material, for example up to 1000°C, preferably up to 1500°C, particularly preferably up to 2000°C.Prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacer element (34) tapers in the region of the housing opening (30) with respect to a direction (Y) perpendicular to the second side walls (14).Prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized - in that the spacer element (34) and / or the further spacer element (46) each comprise a plate-shaped base body (52) oriented parallel to the first side wall (12) - wherein projections (54) which project upward are arranged on the base body (52) and form channels which open out on one of the second side walls (14) and to the spatial region (42) between the housing cover (10) and the respective spacer element (34, 46), and / or - wherein the plate-shaped base body (52) has continuous recesses (60) in a direction (Z) perpendicular to the first side walls (12).Prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrode arrangement (16) is provided with an insulation film (50), the side of the electrode arrangement (16) facing the housing opening (30) being free of the insulation film (50) at least in sections.Traction battery (2) having a prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 7.Electrically driven motor vehicle having a prismatic battery cell (4) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, and / or having a traction battery (2) according to Claim 8.

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