Purely optical measuring head with high isolation for high voltage applications and other applications

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring head comprising an insulating body (IK), a first and second end fitting (EB1, EB2) with fastening means (BFE) for a line (LTG), and a sensor element (SE). The sensor element (SE) comprises a carrier material (TM), one or more crystals comprising paramagnetic centers (NV1), and a first and second optical waveguide (LWL1, LWL2), which may be identical to one another. The sensor element (SE) is mechanically connected to the first end fitting (EB1), which has fastening means (BFE) for fastening the line (LTG). The second end fitting (EB2) has means for fastening the first and / or second optical waveguide (LWL1, LWL2) to the first and / or second end fitting (EB2), respectively. The first and / or second optical waveguide (LWL1, LWL2) are guided within the insulating body (IK) in an electrically insulated manner from the first (EB1) to the second end fitting (EB2). The first end fitting (EB1).The first optical fiber (LWL1) and / or the second optical fiber (LWL2) are attached to the first end fitting (EB1). The second optical fiber (LWL2) detects fluorescent radiation (FL) from the sensor element (SE), while the first optical fiber (LWL1) transports pump radiation (LB) through the insulating body (IK) to the sensor element (SE) and irradiates the sensor element (SE) with pump radiation (LB). When irradiated with pump radiation (LB), the paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the sensor element (SE) emit fluorescent radiation (FL), which depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the sensor element (SE).

Description

Field of the InventionThe invention is directed to an optically controllable switching device, wherein an optically controllable switch in a line is switched optically as a function of an optically read-out sensor, so that the device breaks down into a first part with the line and with the optically controllable switch and the optically readable sensor element on the one hand and the second part with the control and evaluation electronics, and wherein no wired electrically conductive connection exists between these two parts.General IntroductionThe introduction of electromobility requires higher voltages in vehicles. For this purpose, the galvanic separation of sensor systems from the evaluation electronics is expedient. The same applies to electronically actuated switches.An example is the need for smart electronic fuses for modern power supply networks in electric cars.Prior ArtFrom the documents DE 20 2005 011 235 U1, DE 10 2009 027 387 A1, DE 10 2010 061 025 A1, DE 10 2011 054 146 A1, DE 10 2015 108 372 A1, DE 10 2015 215 783 A1, DE 10 2016 103 846 A1, DE 10 2017 206 831 A1, DE 10 2022 126 921 A1, EP 1490772 B1, EP 2 172 371 A1, EP 2 439 551 A1, EP 2 942 851 A1, WO 2021 / 151429 A2, WO 2023 089 066 A1, for example, electronic fuses are known whose applications and adjacent regions. All these technical teachings do not allow complete galvanic isolation between control electronics on the one hand (at low potential) and current measuring device and current-controlled circuit breaker on the other hand. Furthermore, current measurements are often made via shunt resistors in the lines, which leads to energy losses.However, there is a considerable need for such fuses, in particular for use in high-energy devices, such as electrolysis systems and supply networks, of making it possible to use loose fuses with complete galvanic isolation.The object is to provide a method for performing a processThe proposal is therefore based on the object of specifying a solution for the provision of an optically controllable fuse having an optically readable sensor element.This object is achieved by an independent claim. Further embodiments are the subject matter of dependent claims.Solution of the ProblemThe basic idea for achieving the control object is the use of a fluorescent, purely optical sensor element in combination with a purely optically controllable switch.When working out the solution, it was recognized that a conversion of the measured values of the optical fluorescent radiation of the sensor element is not necessary and that the direct use of the measured values of the optical fluorescent radiation of the sensor element is directly possible.Optically Controllable Switching DeviceThe document presented here therefore proposes an optically controllable switching device comprising a line with a first line section and a second line section which is different from the first line section and does not overlap. The optically controllable switching device comprises an optically controllable switch and a sensor element. The optically controllable switch is inserted into the line between the first line section and the second line section and positioned there. The optically controllable switch may have an "on" state and an "off" state. The optically controllable switch electrically connects the first line section of the line to the second line section of the line in the "on" state. The optically controllable switch, in the "off" state, electrically disconnects the first line section of the line from the second line section of the line. An optical switching signal determines which of these two states, "on" state or "off" state, the optically controllable switch is currently assuming. Preferably, the optically controllable switch assumes the "on" state when the optical switching signal irradiates its optical control terminal with electromagnetic radiation. Preferably, the optically controllable switch assumes the "off" state if the optical switching signal does not irradiate its optical control terminal with electromagnetic radiation. The sensor element preferably comprises a support material having crystals which typically comprise one or more paramagnetic centers. The paramagnetic centers of the sensor element emit, when irradiated with pump radiation of a pump radiation wavelength, a fluorescence radiation of a fluorescence wavelength which depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the respective paramagnetic center. Preferably, the fluorescent wavelength is longer than the pump radiation wavelength. The sensor element therefore emits a fluorescent radiation of a fluorescent wavelength when irradiated with pump radiation of the pump radiation wavelength, which fluorescent radiation depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the sensor element. The carrier material of the sensor element is preferably optically transparent to electromagnetic radiation with pump radiation wavelength and to electromagnetic radiation with fluorescence radiation wavelength. For reproducibility of the measurement results, the sensor element is typically positioned relative to the first line section of the line such that a line current in the first line section of the line generates a magnetic field having a flux density B. This magnetic field then influences one or more paramagnetic centers of the sensor element at a sufficient current intensity. This magnetic field then influences the fluorescence radiation of these one or more paramagnetic centers at a sufficient current intensity. The optically controllable switching device now preferably comprises first means (e.g. a first optical waveguide, a pump radiation source and a transmitter. And evaluating device) for irradiating the one or more paramagnetic centers of the sensor element with pump radiation. The optically controllable switching device furthermore preferably comprises second means (e.g. a second optical waveguide, which may optionally be identical to the first optical waveguide; an optical low-pass filter; a photodetector; said transmitting and evaluating device) for detecting and separating the fluorescent radiation of the one or more paramagnetic centers and for detecting a measured value signal, which depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. the transmission signal) associated with this signal. The first means and second means can comprise common device parts (e.g. first optical waveguide and second optical waveguide or e.g. the transmitting and evaluating device). The optically controllable switching device furthermore preferably has third means (e.g. the said transmitting and evaluating device; a switching LED; a switching LED driver) in order to generate an optical switching signal and to control the state of the optically controllable switch back and forth, in particular between the "on" state and the "off" state, using this optical switching signal. According to the proposal, the state of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal.Such a construction has the advantage that all device parts which are electrically conductively connected to the line are electrically insulated from the remaining device parts. Consequently, such devices are particularly suitable for use in high-voltage devices having lines which are at a high voltage potential and which have to be switched.In a further embodiment of the proposal, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. a transmission signal) associated with this signal.In a further embodiment of the proposal, the optically controllable switching device comprises at least one magnetic circuit, wherein an electrical current flow of a line current in the first line section of the line feeds a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit. The at least one magnetic circuit preferably has an air gap in which the sensor element is preferably located. As a result, the magnetic flux density concentrates in the air gap and the sensor element can be influenced better. By suitably configuring the at least one magnetic circuit (with magnetic resistors, etc.), it can be ensured that only a predetermined portion of the magnetic excitation by the electric current in the line contributes to the magnetic flux density that flows through the sensor element. If a plurality of sensor elements are provided which are placed in different air gaps of the at least one magnetic circuit, the at least one magnetic circuit can be designed such that, in terms of amount, unequal portions of the magnetic excitation by the electric current in the line lead to unequal magnetic flux densities in the air gaps of the plurality of sensor elements, which enables scaling of the sensitivities.Accordingly, in a further embodiment of the proposal, only a part of the magnetic flux which the magnetic excitation causes in the at least one magnetic circuit causes a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap, in order to enable this advantageous possibility of sensitivity adjustment.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the third means (determine a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. the transmission signal) associated with this signal. This determination enables the measurement value to be used further in the device and the computer-aided signal processing.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the determined value (measured value). This enables a closed loop to be established.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared value of the determined value (measured value). This typically enables the conversion of the measured value into a power or the like.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then temporally integrated values of a temporal sequence of determined values (measured values). This allows for example the device to be used as a quantum effect controlled fuse.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the squared and then temporally integrated values of a temporal sequence of determined values (measured values) minus a temporally integrated offset value, wherein negative values are not permitted and are reset back to zero if it falls below zero or if it falls below zero. This enables emulation of a fuse.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the first means and the third means comprise a transmitting and evaluating device and the sensor element is electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and the optically controllable switch is electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device (insulated with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ. In this further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the first means and the second means preferably have at least one optical waveguide which optically couples the sensor element to the first means and / or the second means without degrading the electrical insulation, such that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the plurality of paramagnetic centers of the sensor element with pump radiation in a temporally modulated manner and can record and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or from the phase shift of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) connected to this signal, optionally with the aid of further device parts (e.g. pump radiation source, photodetector). In this further embodiment, the third means of the optically controllable switching device preferably has at least one further optical waveguide, which connects the transmitting and evaluating device optically to the optically controllable switch without degrading the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can optically control the optically controllable switch via the further optical waveguide. As already mentioned above, this enables the purely optical regulation of the current flow in the line, which can then be at a very high potential.Measurement ScopeThe document presented here furthermore proposes a measuring head with an insulating body and a first end fitting and a second end fitting. The first end fitting is preferably mechanically connected to the insulating body. The second end fitting is preferably mechanically connected to the insulating body. The insulating body preferably spatially separates the first end fitting from the second end fitting. The insulating body preferably has ribs. The insulating body preferably electrically isolates the first end fitting from the second end fitting with an electrical resistance >0.5 GΩ and / or >1 GΩ and / or >1 TΩ. The first end fitting preferably comprises means for attaching a conduit for attaching the first end fitting to the conduit. The measuring head preferably comprises a sensor element having a carrier material and one or more and a first optical waveguide and second optical waveguide, which can be identical to the first optical waveguide.One or more of these crystals comprise one or more paramagnetic centers. The sensor element is preferably mechanical with the first end fitting. The first end fitting preferably has fastening means for fastening the line to the first end fitting. The first end fitting preferably ensures a fixed and defined geometric relationship between the sensor element and the line with these fastening means. The second end fitting typically has means for fastening the first optical waveguide to the second end fitting and / or means for inserting the first optical waveguide into the insulating body and / or means for fastening the second optical waveguide to the second end fitting and / or means for inserting the second optical waveguide into the insulating body. The first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide are preferably guided in an electrically insulated manner within the insulating body from the second end fitting to the first end fitting. The first end fitting has means for fastening the first optical waveguide to the first end fitting and / or means for constructing the first optical waveguide from the insulating body and / or means for fastening the second optical waveguide to the first end fitting and / or means for constructing the second optical waveguide from the insulating body. The first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide are preferably fastened to the first end fitting. The second optical waveguide preferably detects fluorescent radiation of the sensor element. The first optical waveguide conducts pump radiation through the insulating body to the sensor element. The first optical waveguide irradiates the sensor element with pump radiation. The paramagnetic centers of the sensor element emit the fluorescent radiation when irradiated with pump radiation, which fluorescent radiation depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the sensor element. The sensor element is preferably fastened to the first end fitting or a line section of the line in such a way that the emission of the fluorescent radiation through the sensor element depends on the amount of current of the line current in the line. The carrier material of the sensor element typically comprises the crystals and is substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation and to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the fluorescence radiation. This has the advantage that the measuring head is insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, crystals in the sensor element comprise diamond crystals which comprise NV centers and / or SiV centers and / or TiV centers and / or GeV centers and / or SnV centers and / or NiN4 centers and / or PbV centers and / or ST1 centers and / or TR1 centers and / or L2 centers as paramagnetic centers. This has the advantage that the sensor element can serve as a sensor element of a current measuring device in that it can generate an optical signal which can serve as a measurement signal for a magnetic field.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the measuring head comprises at least one magnetic circuit (MK). An electrical current flow of a line current in the first line section of the line feeds a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit. The at least one magnetic circuit has an air gap. The sensor element is preferably located in the air gap. This has the advantage that the sensor element can serve as a sensor element of a current measuring device.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, only a part of the magnetic flux that the magnetic excitation causes in the at least one magnetic circuit causes a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap. This has the advantage that an overload of the sensor element is avoided. If a plurality of sensor elements having a plurality of respective optical waveguides associated with each of these respective sensor elements are provided in respective air gaps of the respective sensor elements in which the respective sensor elements are each placed individually, the at least one magnetic circuit can be configured such that each of these sensor elements is preferably flooded by a different respective partial magnetic flux in its respective air gap, such that preferably at least one sensor element is always not in saturation. This has the advantage that the measurement range of the measurement head is extended. Such a measuring head preferably thus has a plurality of air gaps in the at least one magnetic circuit, in which a respective sensor element of the respective air gap is placed and the respective sensor element of which is optically coupled to a respective second and / or first optical waveguide.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the first end fitting has a weather cap or a hood, which enclose the first end fitting apart from openings for the insulation body and the optical waveguides and the line. This has the advantage that environmental influences can disturb the sensor element less and that the sensor element is protected against such environmental influencesIn a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or the hood is preferably designed to be light-tight and / or watertight and / or splash-proof and / or rain-proof and / or dust-proof and / or internally condensation-proof. This has the advantage that environmental influences can disturb the sensor element less and that the sensor element is protected against such environmental influences.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or the hood comprise an electrically conductive material which preferably forms a Faraday cage. This has the advantage that electrostatic fields cannot disturb the sensor element and that the sensor element is protected against flashovers and arcs.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or the hood is preferably electrically connected to the line and / or an electrically conductive fastening means for the line. The weather cap or the hood is typically electrically connected to the line and / or an electrically conductive fastening means for the line. This makes the Faraday cage at the potential of the line. This has the advantage that electrostatic fields cannot disturb the sensor element and that the sensor element is protected against flashovers and arcs.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or the hood has an outer surface which is coated with an electrically insulating material or protected by such an outer surface. This has the advantage that the first end fitting is electrically insulated.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, these electrically insulating material of the outer surface comprise rubber and / or plastic and / or other weather-resistant and preferably electrically insulating materials. This has the advantage that the first end fitting is electrically insulated.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the weather cap or the hood comprises a material of a soft magnetic material for shielding against magnetic fields of other lines. This has the advantage that the sensor element cannot be disturbed by additional magnetic fields.In a further embodiment of the proposed measuring head, the second end fitting has connection terminals. This has the advantage that the measuring head can be mechanically fastened in the line between two line sections.Furthermore, the document presented here proposes a measuring device having a measuring head, as described above, a pump radiation source, a photodetector, a means for separating the fluorescent radiation from the pump radiation, a transmitting and evaluating device and a data interface. The pump radiation source generates pump radiation depending on a transmission signal and feeds the generated pump radiation into the first optical waveguide. The second optical waveguide transports fluorescent radiation to the photodetector. The means for separating the fluorescent radiation from the pump radiation substantially prevents pump radiation from reaching the photodetector. The photodetector converts the received fluorescent radiation into. The transmitting and evaluating device generates the transmission signal processes the receiver output signal and generates one or more measured values depending on the receiver output signal. The transmitting and evaluating device outputs one or more measured values via the data interface or provides one or more measured values via the data interface for access. This has the advantage that the sensor element is electrically insulated completely from the transmitting and evaluating device and can thus be at a very high electrical potential.The document presented here proposes an optically controllable switching device which comprises a measuring head as described above and / or a measuring device as described above. Here, the line includes a first line portion and a second line portion that is different from the first line portion and does not overlap with the first line portion. The optically controllable switching device comprises an optically controllable switch which is positioned in the line between the first line section and the second line section. The optically controllable switch electrically connects the first line section of the line to the second line section of the line in an "on" state and electrically disconnects the first line section of the line from the second line section of the line in an "off" state. An optical switching signal determines which of these two states, "on" state and "off" state, the optically controllable switch assumes. The transmitting and evaluating device generates the optical switching signal and controls the state of the optically controllable switch with this optical switching signal, wherein the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of a first modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to a second modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pumping radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. a transmission signal) associated with this signal. This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or the electrical power which flows into a subsequent load or is taken from a preceding energy source. In this case, it was recognized during the development of the proposal that conversion into a current measurement value is not immediately necessary. This enables the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device. This has the advantage that both sensor element and switch are electrically insulated completely from the transmitting and evaluating device and can thus be at a very high electrical potential.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the second modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal. This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or the electrical power which flows into a subsequent load or is taken from a preceding energy source. In this case, it was recognized during the development of the proposal that conversion into a current measurement value is not immediately necessary. This enables the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device and / or as an optically controlled switch of an optically controlled systemIn a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the transmitting and evaluating device determines a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the second modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pumping radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal. This has the advantage that the device can estimate the electrical current and / or the electrical power which flows into a subsequent load or is taken from a preceding energy source. In this case, it was recognized during the development of the proposal that conversion into a current measurement value is not immediately necessary. This enables the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse and / or current measuring device.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the determined value (measured value) and / or on the squared value of the determined value (measured value) and / or on the squared and then temporally integrated values of a temporal sequence of determined values (measured values and / or on the squared and then temporally integrated values of a temporal sequence of determined values (measured values) minus a temporally integrated offset value, wherein negative values are not permitted and are reset back to zero if it falls below zero or if it falls below zero. This has the advantage that both sensor element and switch are electrically insulated completely from the transmitting and evaluating device and can thus be at a very high electrical potential and that the device can estimate the electrical power which flows into a subsequent load or is taken from a preceding energy source. This allows the device to be used as an optically controlled electronic fuse.In a further embodiment of the optically controllable switching device, the sensor element is preferably electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or better of more than 10 MΩ and / or better of more than 100 MΩ and / or better of more than 1 GΩ and / or better of more than 10 GΩ and / or better of more than 100 GΩ and / or better of more than 1 TΩ. The optically controllable switch is preferably electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or better of more than 10 MΩ and / or better of more than 100 MΩ and / or better of more than 1 GΩ and / or better of more than 10 GΩ and / or better of more than 100 GΩ and / or better of more than 1 TΩ. The first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide preferably couple the sensor element optically to the pump radiation source and / or to the photodetector without degrading the electrical insulation, such that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the plurality of paramagnetic centers of the sensor element with pump radiation in a temporally modulated manner by means of the pump radiation source and can record and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescent radiation (FL) and / or from the phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation compared to the second modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or compared to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) connected to this signal, optionally with the aid of the photodetector (PD). The optically controllable switching device has at least one further optical waveguide, which preferably connects the transmitting and evaluating device optically to the optically controllable switch without degrading the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device (the optically controllable switch can optically control via the further optical waveguide. This has the advantage that both sensor element and switch are electrically insulated completely from the transmitting and evaluating device and can thus be at a very high electrical potential.Switches with Quantum Technology Magnetic Field SensorThe document presented here proposes an optically controllable switch. The optically controllable switch preferably comprises an optical switching connection for an optical switching signal for actuating this optically controllable switch by means of an optical switching signal. The optically controllable switch typically comprises a first terminal for the electrical connection of a first line section of a line (LTG) and a second terminal for the electrical connection of a second line section of the line. Typically, the second line portion of the line is different from the first line portion of the line. Typically, the first line portion of the line and the second line portion of the line do not overlap. Preferably, the optically controllable switch comprises at least one internal line section of the line, which can be part of the first or second line section. The optically controllable switch typically again comprises a sensor element. The optically controllable switch preferably comprises an electronic switching component which is preferably positioned within the optically controllable switch by means of the at least one internal line section of the line into the line between the first connection for the first line section of the line and the second connection for the second line section of the line. The electronic switching component electrically connects the first terminal for the first line portion of the line to the second terminal for the second line portion of the line in an "on" state, and electrically disconnects the first terminal for the first line portion of the line from the second terminal for the second line portion of the line in an "off" state. In this case, the optical switching signal preferably determines which of these two states, "on" state or "off" state, the electronic switching component assumes. The sensor element (SE) typically comprises a carrier material with crystals, which is preferably optically transparent for electromagnetic pump radiation of a pump radiation wavelength and for fluorescent radiation of a fluorescent wavelength. Preferably, at least some of these crystals comprise one or more paramagnetic centers. The presence of these paramagnetic centers in the sensor element typically leads to the sensor element emitting a fluorescent radiation upon irradiation with pump radiation, which fluorescent radiation typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of the sensor element. Particularly preferred are NV centers as paramagnetic centers in diamond as crystal material of the crystals of the sensor element. Typically, a non-zero current value of a line current into the first terminal for the first line portion of the line requires an equal line current out of the second terminal for the second line portion of the line to satisfy the Kirchhoff junction equation. Such a line current results in a corresponding line current through the inner line section. The sensor element is preferably positioned relative to an internal line section within the optically controllable switch in such a way that a line current in the internal line section generates a magnetic field with a flux density B, which, with a sufficient current intensity, influences a fluorescence radiation (FL) from one or more paramagnetic centers of the sensor element. Preferably, the optically controllable switch is configured to be optically coupled to first means for irradiating the one or more paramagnetic centres (NV) with pump radiation. The optically controllable switch is preferably configured to be optically coupled to second means for detecting and dividing off the fluorescent radiation of the one or more paramagnetic centers and for detecting a measured value signal which depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal. In this case, the first means and second means can comprise common device parts. The optically controllable switch is preferably configured to be optically coupled to third means which generate the optical switching signal and control the state of the optically controllable switch with this optical switching signal, wherein the optical switching signal thereof depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pumping radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or on the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the optically controllable switch comprises at least one magnetic circuit, which preferably has an air gap. Preferably, the sensor element is located in the air gap. Typically, an electrical current flow of a line current in the internal line section feeds a magnetic excitation in the at least one magnetic circuit.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, only a portion of the magnetic flux that the magnetic excitation causes in the at least one magnetic circuit causes a smaller partial magnetic flux in the air gap.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the third means determine a value (measured value) for the intensity of the fluorescent radiation and / or for the temporal phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) associated with this signal.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the determined value (measured value).In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared value of the determined value (measured value).In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then time-integrated values of a time sequence of determined values (measured values).In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the intensity of the optical switching signal depends on the squared and then time-integrated values of a time sequence of determined values (measured values) minus a time-integrated offset value, wherein negative values are not permitted and are reset back to zero if it falls below zero or if it falls below zero.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the first means and the third means comprise a transmitting and evaluating device (LIV). In this case, the sensor element is preferably electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ. In this case, the optically controllable switch (T 2) is preferably electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ. The first means and the second means preferably have at least one optical waveguide which optically couples the sensor element to the first means and / or the second means without degrading the electrical insulation, such that the transmitting and evaluating device can irradiate the at least one and / or the plurality of paramagnetic centers of the sensor element with pump radiation in a time-modulated manner and can record and evaluate the intensity of the fluorescence radiation and / or from the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the time profile of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation with respect to the modulation signal of the time profile of the intensity of the pump radiation or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal) which is connected to this signal, optionally with the aid of further device parts (PL 1, PD). Preferably, the third means comprise at least one further optical waveguide, which optically connects the transmitting and evaluating device to the optically controllable switch without degrading the electrical insulation, so that the transmitting and evaluating device can optically control the optically controllable switch via the further optical waveguide.In another embodiment of the more optically controllable switch, the optically controllable switch comprises a microelectromechanicalally produced semiconductor switch which has the electronic switching component.In another embodiment of the optically controllable switch, the sensor element is typically a microstructured sensor element on the surface of the microelectromechanicalally produced semiconductor switch and / or in the metallization stack (metallization stack) of the microelectromechanical produced semiconductor switch.The text below in this document explains the proposal and the various application scenarios in more detail on the basis of the figures.Otherwise,Safety against OvertemperatureA device according to the invention preferably has an additional temperature-controlled switch as a thermal fuse, which is inserted into the line (LTG) and interrupts the line LTG in the event of an overtemperature of the second optical switch (T2) and thus disconnects the line current I LTG. Preferably, this temperature-controlled switch, which is inserted as a thermal fuse into the line (LTG), does not interrupt the line LTG in the event of an overcurrent in the line LTG and / or an overvoltage of the line LTG with respect to a reference potential GND and then does not switch off the line current I LTG.Polarity reversal ProtectionIf a semiconductor transistor or the like is used as the second optical switch T 2, this is often connected to a so-called body diode for structural reasons, which can be connected between drain and source, for example, in the case of an IGBT as the second optical switch T 2. This body diode typically opens at undervoltage on the supply voltage side.In this context, the document presented here refers to the unpublished German patent applications DE 10 2023 130 550.6, DE 10 2023 130 553.0, DE 10 2023 130 552.2, DE 10 2023 130 551.4, the technical teaching of which is part of the technical teaching presented here by reference. The solution proposed in these documents is the use of two circuit breakers which are connected antisymmetrically in series and are controlled via a common control terminal.The document presented here proposes, in such applications, providing a polarity reversal protection circuit VPPS comprising a first galvanically isolated switch system OSM1 and a second galvanically isolated switch system OSM2, which are connected to one another.List of the FiguresFIG. 1 shows a current sensor system based on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 in one or more crystals in a sensor element SE. FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 1, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is implemented by way of example as a processor for a software-defined sensor (software-defined sensor). FIG. 3 is essentially based on FIG. 1, wherein now a first electronic switch T 1, here an exemplary first power transistor T 1, is inserted into the line LTG. FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 3, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of FIG. 3 is designed, for example, as a processor for a software defined sensor (software defined sensor). FIG. 5 corresponds substantially to FIG. 3, wherein the first switch T 1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in FIG. 3 controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T 2 by way of example. FIG. 6 corresponds substantially to FIG. 4, wherein the first switch T 1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in FIG. 3 controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T 2 by way of example. FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 5, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged, by way of example, in front of the line section of the line LTG having the at least one magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic centre NV1 or having the paramagnetic centres NV1. FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 6, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged, by way of example, in front of the line section of the line LTG with the at least one magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic centre NV1 or with the paramagnetic centres NV1, as viewed from the connection A. FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 7, wherein now an exemplary voltage source, namely here an exemplary high-voltage source V HV is additionally connected between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device, and wherein this voltage source feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG. FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 8, wherein now an exemplary voltage source, namely here an exemplary high-voltage source V HV is additionally connected between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device, and wherein this voltage source feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG. FIG. 11 shows a step-down converter based on FIG. 9, wherein the inductor inductance L D is inserted into the electrical line LTG downstream of the second optically controllable switch T 2, and wherein this inductor inductance L D smoothes the electrical line current I LTG in the electrical line LTG. FIG. 12 shows a step-down converter based on FIG. 10, wherein the inductor L D is inserted into the electrical line LTG downstream of the second optically controllable switch T2, and wherein this inductor L D smoothes the electrical line current I LTG in the electrical line LTG. FIG. 13 again shows FIG. 8, wherein an exemplary, general and proposed measurement system MS 1 is marked, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures. FIG. 14 shows the exemplary measurement system MS 1 of FIG. 13, wherein now a general proposed measurement system MS 1 is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures. FIG. 15 shows the device of FIG. 13, wherein the measuring system MS 1 corresponding to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIG. 13. As can be easily seen, this significantly simplifies the representation. FIG. 16 shows the device of FIG. 13 and FIG. 15, wherein now the measuring system MS 1 corresponding to FIG. 14 replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIG. 13 and wherein the optically controllable second switch T 2 is inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B. FIG. 17 corresponds to FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 10 and 9. FIG. 18 corresponds to FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 10 and 9. FIG. 19 corresponds to a down converter of FIGS. 11 and 12, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 12 and 11. FIG. 20 corresponds to a down converter of FIGS. 11 and 12, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 12 and 11 at a different position. FIG. 21 shows an exemplary upconverter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 22 likewise shows an exemplary boost converter having a measurement system MS 1 according to the proposal, wherein the support capacitor C is now located on the side of the first connection A of the measurement system MS 1. FIG. 23 shows an exemplary inverse converter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 24 shows an exemplary SEPIC converter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 25 shows an exemplary Nbuk transducer with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 26 corresponds substantially to FIG. 14, wherein FIG. 26 shows a measurement system MS 2 with two sensor and actuator channels. FIG. 27 shows an exemplary zeta converter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 28 shows an exemplary dual inverter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. FIG. 29 substantially corresponds to FIG. 2, the measuring system MS 3 now being marked. FIG. 30 shows a galvanically isolated switch system OSM (optical switch module) as it is part of the devices of the preceding figures and wherein the optically controllable second switch T 2 is configured to enable or disable the current flow between the first terminal F of the galvanically isolated switch system OSM and the second terminal G of the galvanically isolated switch system OSM depending on the state of the switching signal of the control radiation SB. FIG. 31 shows an exemplary proposed buck-boost converter, which comprises a first galvanically isolated switch system OSM 1, a second galvanically isolated switch system OSM 2, a third galvanically isolated switch system OSM 3 and a fourth galvanically isolated switch system OSM 4. FIG. 32 corresponds to the greatest possible extent to the circuit of FIG. 31, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and therefore the load voltage V L is now uncontrolled and not stabilized in contrast to FIG. 31. FIG. 33 corresponds to FIG. 31 with the difference that an additional measuring system MS3' is connected into the supply line LTG' between the output of the real voltage source V HV and the first terminal F of the second optically switchable switch T2 of the first galvanically isolated switch system OSM1 of the first optically controllable half bridge OSHB1. FIG. 34 corresponds largely to the circuit of FIG. 33, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and therefore the load voltage V L is now uncontrolled and not stabilized in contrast to FIG. 31. FIG. 35 corresponds to FIG. 33, with the difference that a third additional measuring system MS3" is connected in D in the feed line of the inductor L between the first output of the first optically controllable half bridge OSHB1 and the first connection of the inductor L. FIG. 36 corresponds to the greatest possible extent to the circuit of FIG. 35, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and therefore the load voltage V L is now uncontrolled and not stabilized in contrast to FIG. 35. FIG. 37 corresponds to FIG. 33, with the difference that additional measuring systems MS 3_ 1 are inserted into lines of the device. FIG. 38 corresponds to the greatest extent to the circuit of FIG. 37, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and therefore the load voltage V L is now uncontrolled and not stabilized in contrast to FIG. 37. FIG. 39 shows a first optically controlled half bridge OSHB 1, which supplies the possibly complex load resistor R L with electrical energy and which comprises a first optically controlled half bridge OSHB 1, a first galvanically isolated switch system OSM 1 and a second galvanically isolated switch system OSM 2. FIG. 40 corresponds to the greatest possible extent to the circuit of FIG. 39, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and wherein therefore the load voltage V L is now uncontrolled and not stabilized in contrast to FIG. 39. FIG. 41 shows a motor drive of a motor MOT for a three-phase rotary current motor on the basis of the first optically controllable half bridge (OSHB 1, OSHB 2, OSHB 3) presented here. FIG. 42 corresponds to the greatest possible extent to FIG. 41 with the difference that the 2*n measuring systems (MS3_1, MS3_2, MS3_3, MS3_4, MS3_5, MS3_6,...... MS3_(2n-4), MS3_(2n-3), MS3_(2n-2), MS3_(2n-1), MS3_2n) of FIG. 41 by n measurement systems (MS3_1, MS3_2, MS3_3,...... MS3_n). FIG. 43 corresponds to FIG. 42, wherein the device according to FIG. 43 preferably comprises one or more, in particular n, additional measurement systems, which here marks the particularly small reference sign MS, and wherein the measurement systems MS again correspond to measurement systems of FIG. 29, for example. FIG. 44 shows an exemplary H-bridge, wherein the first optically controllable half bridge OSHB 1 and the second optically controllable half bridge OSHB 2 supply current to the complex load resistor R L. FIG. 45 shows as FIG. 45 bthe device of FIG. 29, wherein FIG. 45 ashows an example of an alternative and functionally equivalent realization of the technical teaching of FIG. 29. FIG. 46 shows as FIG. 46 bthe device of FIG. 29, wherein FIG. 46 ashows an example of an alternative and functionally equivalent realization of the technical teaching of FIG. 29. FIG. 47 shows an exemplary motor control system for motor control of the motor MOT with the typically expedient device parts. Fig. 48 shows the block diagram of a corresponding microintegrated control IC. FIGS. 49 and 50 show the typical dependence of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of an exemplary sensor element SE having a plurality of differently oriented crystals having a plurality of paramagnetic centers NV 1 as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic flux density B. FIG. 51 shows an embodiment of the measuring head of a measuring system according to FIG. 29. FIG. 52 shows the measuring head of FIG. 51 in a perspective view without a hood and with the magnetic circuit MK opened for the mounting of the line LTG. FIG. 53 shows a pre-assembled measuring head of FIG. 51 in a perspective view with a hood and with a pre-assembled line LTG. FIG. 54 shows a schematic, simplified cross section through an exemplary optically switchable electronic switch T 2 with a microelectromechanicalally produced semiconductor switch BE. FIG. 55 corresponds to FIG. 26, the additional line LTG' and the line LTG of FIG. 26 being connected to form a line LTG. FIG. 56 shows a schematic exemplary magnetic circuit MK, not to scale, having, for example, four sensor elements SE in respective air gaps ag. FIG. 57 shows schematically by way of example and not distorted to scale only schematically the effect of the different magnetic flux densities to which the sensor elements of FIG. 56 are exposed. FIG. 58 shows an exemplary DC-voltage-DC-voltage converter which supplies the possibly complex load resistor R L with electrical energy. FIG. 59 corresponds to the greatest possible extent to the circuit of FIG. 58, wherein the support capacitor C parallel to the load resistor R L is omitted and instead a second inductor L D2 is now inserted into the line LTG, forcing and thus stabilizing a substantially constant line current I LTG.FIG. 60 corresponds largely to the circuit of FIG. 59 and shows an exemplary DC current-DC current transformer which does not require any capacitors, which enables and simplifies use in ultra high voltage networks, wherein the line LTG* of FIG. 59 is inserted with the first inductor L D1, which forces a constant network drain current I HV with the two free-wheeling diodes L D3 and L D4, which prevent over-voltages and under-voltages.DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURESThe figures illustrate the proposal schematically and simplified. The disclosure of the disclosure herein is not limited to the figures and includes other combinations.FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of FIG. 1FIG. 1 shows a current sensor system based on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 in one or more crystals in a sensor element SE. Preferably, one or more of the crystals of the sensor element SE with the paramagnetic centers NV1 comprise a diamond material. Paramagnetic centers NV 1 are preferably located in the diamond material of the one or more crystals of the sensor element SE. These paramagnetic centers NV1 in the diamond material of the one or more crystals of the sensor element SE preferably emit a fluorescent radiation FL with a fluorescent radiation wavelength λ fl. upon irradiation with a pumping radiation LB of a pumping radiation wavelength λ pmp. The pump radiation source PL 1 preferably emits the pump radiation LB with a pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and optionally also undesired electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges. In the case of the emission of electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges, an optical short-pass filter should be provided, which preferably allows only the pump radiation LB to pass and preferably retains the electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges.The sensor element SE preferably comprises a multiplicity of randomly and preferably statistically uniformly distributed differently oriented and thus differently oriented crystals and / or nanocrystals with paramagnetic centers NV1.In the sense of the document presented here, NV centers in diamond are preferred as paramagnetic centers NV1 and diamond as at least a portion of the crystal material of the one or more crystals of sensor element SE. The document presented here preferably describes NV centers in diamond as an example of a crystal material having one or more paramagnetic centers NV1of one or more crystals within one or more sensor elements SE without the disclosure content and without restricting the stress on diamond as crystal material and NV centers in diamond as paramagnetic centers NV1in the crystal material. Accordingly, in the sense of the document presented here, the word "NV center" can be used as synonym for any paramagnetic center NV 1 in any proportional crystal material of the one or more crystals of the sensor element SE, as long as this paramagnetic center NV 1 behaves in a functionally equivalent manner as an NV center in diamond in the sense of the document presented here. Accordingly, in the sense of the document presented here, the word "diamond" can be taken as synonym for any crystal material of the one or more crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE for the accommodation of the above one or more paramagnetic centers NV1, as long as this paramagnetic center NV1 or these multiple paramagnetic centers NV1 in this material in the sense of the document presented here behave in an analogous manner as an NV center or NV centers in diamond. The stress therefore expressly comprises such combinations of material and paramagnetic centre NV1 or paramagnetic centres NV1 which behave analogously. Therefore, in the sense of this document, collaborating processors read such combinations of material and paramagnetic center NV1 that behave analogously. In the sense of the document presented here, it is therefore permissible to replace the terms "paramagnetic center" and / or "NV center" and the corresponding material in which the paramagnetic center is located, i.e. the term "diamond", with such a paramagnetic center in all flexions in the corresponding material, as long as the statement of the relevant text section is still valid. When using such alternative corresponding materials with corresponding paramagnetic centers NV1 within the sensor elements SE, pump radiation wavelengths, fluorescence wavelengths and corresponding filter wavelength ranges of optical filters in the beam path would then be adapted in an analogous manner by the poster or poster.The sensor element material of the sensor element SE preferably comprises said at least one crystal having one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 and / or said crystals having one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 and one or more carrier materials TM. The carrier materials TM can also optionally be omitted when using a single crystal having one or more paramagnetic centers NV1.At this point, the document presented here refers to the as yet unpublished international patent application PCT / DE2023 / 100614.For example, the use of the following materials and paramagnetic centers NV is conceivable:The paramagnetic centers NV1can be, for example, NV centers and / or SiV NV centers and / or TiV centers and / or GeV centers and / or SnV centers and / or NiN 4- centers and / or PbV centers and / or ST1 centers when using diamond as an exemplary crystal material of the one or more crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor element SE.When using 4H-SiC as exemplary crystal material of the one or more crystals of sensor element SE, the paramagnetic centers (NV1) V Si- V C, V Si- N C, PL5, PL6, V Si( V1), V Si( V2), Cr(4+), V(4+) are suitable.When using 3H-SiC as exemplary crystal material of the one or more crystals of sensor element SE, the paramagnetic centers (NV1) V Si- V C, V Si- N C, C N O N H i( or C N- H i or C N- SiGa) are suitable.It is conceivable that the crystal of the sensor element SE is a single crystal with a single paramagnetic center NV1, for example a single diamond crystal with a single NV center. It is conceivable that the crystal of the sensor element SE is a single crystal with a plurality of paramagnetic centers NV1. For example, the crystal of the sensor element SE may be a single diamond crystal having multiple NV centers NV 1. It is conceivable that the reference symbol SE in the sense of this document denotes a plurality or singular number of sensor elements SE with a plurality or singular number of crystals with a plurality or singular number of paramagnetic centers NV1. For example, the crystals of a sensor element SE may include or be a plurality of diamond crystals having a plurality of NV centers NV 1.The paramagnetic center NV 1 or the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of a plurality of paramagnetic centers NV 1 may have the same orientation or a different orientation within their crystal or within their crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE. The paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 can optionally interact with one another and optionally be coupled optically between the crystals of the sensor element SE and within the crystals of a sensor element SE and / or by dipole-dipole interaction within the respective crystals of this sensor element SE. For example, the NV centers NV 1 of a plurality of NV centers NV 1 within their crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE may have the same or a different alignment. The exemplary NV centers NV 1 may interact and may be coupled with one another optically between the crystals NV 1 of the sensor element SE and within the crystals NV 1 of the sensor element SE and / or by dipole-dipole interaction within the respective crystals of the sensor element SE.Preferably, the crystal material of the crystals of the sensor element SE, which comprises the paramagnetic centre NV1 or the paramagnetic centres NV1, comprises means for changing the Fermi level within the crystal material of one or more crystals of the sensor element SE. This change typically has several beneficial effects. First, the paramagnetic centers NV1 are at least partially in a desired state of charge for proper operation of the device due to this change in Fermi level at the time of device operation. Second, this change in Fermi level enhances the rate of formation of these paramagnetic centers NV1during fabrication by implantation or by irradiation with energetic particles such as electrons. The document presented here refers here to the exemplary documents DE 10 2021 132 782 A1 and DE 20 2020 106 110 U 1. Third, the change of the Fermi level typically lengthens the T2times of these paramagnetic centers NV1. In the case of diamond as the material of the crystals or of the crystal, which comprises, for example, one or more NV centers NV1 as paramagnetic centers not crystals NV1 of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, means are preferably provided for raising the Fermi level within the crystal material. For example, of oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, lithium and nitrogen, such a modification of the Fermi level is known when used as dopants. Isotopes of dopants without magnetic moment are particularly preferred. The document presented here refers here by way of example to the document WO 2021 083 448 A1, which proposes corresponding doping on substrates for quantum computers. It is therefore preferred to dope the crystal material of the crystals of the sensor element SE with dopant isotopes without magnetic core moment μ for changing the Fermi level. In the case of the use of diamond as crystal material for the absorption of the paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular the absorption of NV centers NV1, doping of the crystal material with the sulfur isotope 32 S is therefore very particularly preferred. This change in the Fermi level in the diamond material with the paramagnetic cells NV1 and NV centers NV1, respectively, typically has several beneficial effects. First, due to this change in Fermi level, the NV centers NV1 are at least partially in a desired state of charge, the typically desired NV -- state, at the time of device operation with higher probability for proper device operation. Second, this variation in Fermi level enhances the rate of formation of these paramagnetic centers NV1, i.e., NV centers NV1, for example, during an annealing step after nitrogen implantation in diamond. Third, changing the Fermi level with 32 S, for example, typically lengthens the T2times of these paramagnetic centers NV1, i.e., NV centers NV1in diamond, for example.Preferably, a pump radiation source PL 1 generates the pump radiation LB having the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp as a function of a transmission signal S 5. The pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates one or more crystals NV 1 of the sensor element SE. In the case of a plurality of crystals NV 1 in the sensor element SE, these crystals NV 1 of the sensor element SE preferably have a random orientation per crystal NV 1 of the sensor element SE. The size of the crystals of the sensor element SE or of crystals of the sensor element SE is preferably less than 10 μm, better less than 5 μm, better less than 2 μm, better less than 1 μm, better less than 0.5 μm, better less than 0.2 μm, better less than 0.1 μm, better less than 0.05 μm, better less than 0.02 μm, better less than 0.01 μm, better less than 5 nm, better less than 2 nm, better less than 1 nm. A size of less than 0.2 μm is particularly preferred.Preferably, the pump radiation source PL 1 feeds the pump radiation LB into an optical functional element or into an optical system of optical functional elements. Such an optical system can comprise, for example, one or more of the following optical functional elements of the following optical functional element groups, in addition to other optical functional elements of other optical functional element groups:Lenses (e.g. convex lens, concave lens), pupil optics (e.g. camera objectives), Fresnel lenses, diffractive lenses, aspherical lenses, microlens arrays, microscope parts (e.g. objectives, eyepieces), telescope parts (e.g. main mirrors, eyepiece), diffractive optical elements (e.g. diffractive lenses, diffraction gratings), beam-shaping optical elements (e.g. microlens arrays, beam shaders), collimator lenses, equalization elements (e.g. correction lenses), illumination optics (e.g. illumination lenses, light guides), image processing optics (e.g. objective lenses for image processing, microscope objectives), mirrors (e.g. plane mirrors, concave mirrors), Prisms (e.g. Porro prism, Dacht prism), filters (e.g. polarization filters, color filters), diaphragms (e.g. pinhole diaphragm, iris diaphragm), beam splitters (e.g. semi-transmissive mirror, beam splitters (beam splitters)), light guides (e.g. glass fiber cables), optical fibers with special jacket structures (e.g. photonic crystal fiber), optical waveguide couplers (e.g. coupling coils, optical waveguide couplers), optical fiber couplers, light-guiding plates, wave plates (e.g. quarter wave plate, half wave plate), optical wave plate arrays, optical phase conjugation elements, diffusers (e.g. ground plate), light-scattering elements (e.g. scattering plates), Optical attenuation elements (e.g. attenuators, absorbers), holograms, holographic optical elements (e.g. holographic optical elements, holographic displays), diffraction optics (e.g. phase gratings, blazed gratings), interference filters, reflection gratings, optical modulators (e.g. acousto-optical modulator, electro-optical modulator), light modulators (e.g. liquid crystal modulators, acousto-optical modulators), light control elements (e.g. light control gratings), optical actuators (e.g. piezoelectric actuators, electroactive polymers), optical phase modulators, adaptive optical elements (e.g. deformable mirrors, adaptive optics), polarization-optical elements (e.g. polarization splitters, polarization-optical modulators), Polarization-optical modulators (e.g. polarization-optical switches), nonlinear optical elements (e.g. optical amplifiers, nonlinear crystals), optical switches (e.g. electro-optical switches, thermo-optical switches), photonic crystal elements (e.g. band gap materials, cavity resonators), phase masks, phase apertures, metamaterials (e.g. negative-refractive materials, transformation optics), plasmonic elements (e.g. surface plasmon resonators, plasmonic waveguides), quantum-optical elements (e.g. single photon sources, quantum logic gates), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers (as light source), free-radiating optical components (e.g. free-radiating LEDs, laser diodes), light detectors (e.g. photodiodes, Photomultipliers), optical sensors (e.g. light barriers, fiber-optic sensors), light receiving elements (e.g. CCD sensors, photodetectors), quantum cryptography elements (e.g. quantum cryptography key distribution), spectroscopic elements (e.g. spectrometers, interferometers), coherence tomography elements (e.g. optical coherence tomography components), interference optics (e.g. interference filters, interference lenses), optical near field probes (e.g. scanning force microscopic probes, near field optical probes)First, the document presented here mentions imaging optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as a device part of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB. Imaging optical functional elements can be or comprise, for example, lenses, concave mirrors, in particular also those in digital optics and / or wave optics and / or as holograms, or can be or comprise optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems. Such imaging optical systems can, for example, form an interface between a first material having a first refractive index in a wavelength range relevant to the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength λ fi of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one or more crystals NV1 of the sensor element SE or the plurality of crystals NV1 of the sensor element SE, on the one hand, and a second material having a second refractive index in this wavelength range relevant to the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength k fl of these paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one crystal of the sensor element SE or the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE, on the other hand. Preferably, but not necessarily, this interface is made in whole or in part as a surface of revolution to produce the imaging effect. A stringing together of such surface sequences of refracting or reflecting boundary surfaces in the beam path is considered to be disclosed in the sense of the document presented here. Particularly preferably, the imaging optical functional elements serve for coupling and / or decoupling the radiation, in particular the pump radiation LB with the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and / or the fluorescent radiation FL with the fluorescent wavelength λ fl into one or more optical waveguides (LWL 1, LWL 2). The optical functional elements can be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The optical functional elements can be designed to be isotropic or anisotropic.Second, the document presented here mentions bundle-limiting optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as a device part of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL 1 preferably feeds the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 of the sensor element or elements SE. Beam-limiting optical functional elements can be or comprise, for example, diaphragms and / or means for limiting the opening and / or means for generating sharp field limitations and / or means for limiting the circle of dispersion and / or means for limiting the luminous flux, or can be or comprise optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.Third, the document presented here mentions optical functional elements which image wave-optically as such optical functional elements, or as a device part of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL 1 preferably injects the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 of the sensor element or elements SE. Optical functional elements imaging wave-optically can be, for example, imaging optical functional elements and / or beam-limiting optical functional elements which achieve their device purpose by means of structures of the order of magnitude of the wavelength in this wavelength range relevant to the device, in particular for the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp and / or the fluorescence wavelength λ fl of one or more paramagnetic centers NV1 of the one crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element or elements SE. Optical functional elements imaging wave-optically can be or comprise holograms and / or zone plates and / or Fresnel lenses and / or optical functional elements of digital optics, or can be or comprise optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.Fourth, the document presented here mentions non-imaging optical functional elements as such optical functional elements, or as a device part of such optical systems, into which the pump radiation source PL 1 preferably injects the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1. Non-imaging optical functional elements can, for example, be optical waveguides (LWL1, Optical Fibre2) and / or light and / or optical fibre cables and / or dispersive optical functional elements and / or dispersion prisms and / or dispersion prisms and / or diffraction gratings and / or etalons and / or filtering functional elements and / or conversion elements and / or absorption filters and / or interference filters and / or dielectric multilayers and / or polarising functional elements and / or polarising prisms and / or sheet polarizers and / or phase plates and / or halftone polarizers and / or interference polarizers and / or deflecting functional elements and / or plane mirrors and / or plane parallel plates and / or plane mirror plates and / or reflecting prisms and / or wedges and / or crystal plates and / or crystal prisms and / or surface-modifying functional elements and / or light-flux-modifying functional elements and / or plane mirrors neutral filters and / or functional elements for beam splitting and / or ground glass discs and / or non-linear functional elements and / or other functional elements of the non-linear optical system can be or comprise or comprise optical systems of such imaging optical functional systems.In the example of FIG. 1, the pump radiation source PL 1 feeds the pump radiation LB with the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp for excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 into a first optical waveguide LWL 1 at a first end of the first optical waveguide LWL 1. The pump radiation LB exits from the first optical waveguide LWL 1 at a second end of the first optical waveguide LWL 1 and irradiates the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE with the crystal or with the crystals with the paramagnetic center NV 1 or the paramagnetic centers NV 1 with the pump radiation LB for exciting the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or the paramagnetic centers NV 1. In the case of the use of an NV center NV 1 or of NV centers NV 1 as paramagnetic centers NV 1 in diamond as material of the <Kristalls or of the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, the pump radiation LB at the second end of the first optical waveguide LWL 1 emerges from the first optical waveguide LWL 1 and irradiates the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE and thus the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE having the NV center NV 1 or the NV centers NV 1 in the diamond material with the pump radiation LB for the excitation of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic material center NV1 or paramagnetic centers NV1. Preferably, the first optical fiber LWL 1 exhibits substantially no parasitic fluorescence or the like. In this context, essentially means that this parasitic fluorescence radiation of the material of the first optical waveguide LWL 1 is preferably so low that it does not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device. Preferably, the first optical waveguide LWL 1 exhibits substantially no attenuation of the pump radiation LB in the wavelength range of the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp or the like. In this case, essentially means that this parasitic attenuation of the pump radiation LB in the first optical waveguide LWL 1 is preferably so low that it does not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device.The pump radiation LB, which irradiates the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE and thus the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, causes this paramagnetic center NV1 or these paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE to emit fluorescent radiation LB having a fluorescent wavelength λ fl and thus the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE to emit fluorescent radiation LB having a fluorescent wavelength λ fl. The intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of a paramagnetic center NV1 of these paramagnetic centers NV1 typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this paramagnetic center NV1. The device is therefore preferably designed such that the magnetic flux density B is substantially homogeneous within the volume of a crystal of the sensor element SE or within the volume of the crystals NV1 of the sensor element SE or within the volume of the crystals NV1 of the sensor elements SE or within the sensor element SE. In this context, essentially means that possibly differences in the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic flux density B within the volume of the crystal NV 1 or within the volume of the crystals NV 1 or within the sensor element SE or within the sensor elements SE are preferably so small that they do not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device.In the case of the exemplary use of diamond as the material of the crystal or crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE and of NV centers NV1 as paramagnetic centers NV1 of the crystals or of the crystal of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, the pump radiation LB causes the pump radiation LB to irradiate the NV center NV1 or the NV centers NV1 in the diamond crystal NV1 or in the diamond crystals NV1, this NV center NV 1 or these NV centers in the diamond crystal NV 1 or in the diamond crystals NV 1 for emitting fluorescent radiation LB having a fluorescent wavelength λ fl. The fluorescent radiation FL is typically red. The intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of an NV center NV 1 of these NV centers NV 1 typically depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this NV center NV 1. The device is therefore preferably designed such that the magnetic flux density B is substantially homogeneous within the volume of the crystal NV 1 or within the volume of the crystals NV 1 or within the sensor element SE or within the sensor elements SE. In this context, essentially means that possibly differences in the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic flux density B within the volume of the diamond crystal NV 1 or within the volume of the diamond crystals NV 1 or within the sensor element SE or within the volume of the sensor elements SE are preferably so small that they do not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device.It is conceivable that the intensity of the pump radiation LB is amplitude-modulated with a modulation signal over time. Typically, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is then likewise at least partially modulated with the modulation signal over time and / or depends on the modulation signal. Typically, the temporal modulation of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is phase-shifted by a time Δt with respect to the temporal modulation of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. This phase shift Δt of the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the fluorescent radiation FL of an NV center NV 1 of these NV centers NV 1 compared to the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the pump radiation LB typically likewise depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this NV center NV 1. The phase shift Δt of the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the fluorescent radiation FL of a paramagnetic center NV 1 of paramagnetic centers NV 1 of a sensor element SE or of sensor elements SE compared to the temporal modulation of the intensity profile of the pump radiation LB typically likewise depends on the magnetic flux density B at the location of this paramagnetic center NV 1.Preferably, the paramagnetic centre NV1 or the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE or the NV centre NV1 or the NV centres NV1 of the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE emit fluorescent radiation FL into the second end of a second optical waveguide LW2. The second optical waveguide LWL 2 can be identical to the first optical waveguide LW 1 if an optical functional element at the first end of the optical waveguide (LWL 1, LWL 2) separates the first optical path of the first optical waveguide LWL 1 for the irradiation of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or the paramagnetic centers NV 1 or the NV center NV 1 or the NV centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE on the one hand and the second optical path of the second optical waveguide LWL 2 for the return line of the fluorescent radiation FL again, so that there is functional equivalence to a structure with two separate optical waveguides (LW 1, LWL 2). Such a construction has the advantage that the measurement volume is small.The second optical waveguide LWL 2 transports the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 or of the NV centre NV 1 or of the NV centres NV 1 of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE to a photodetector PD. This photodetector PD typically serves to receive the temporal intensity value profile of the intensity signal of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 or of the NV centre NV1 or of the NV centres NV1 of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE.Since the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 or the NV centre NV 1 or the NV centres NV 1 of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE typically also feed pump radiation LB into the second optical waveguide LWL 2, for example by transmission and / or reflection, the exemplary device of FIG. 1 has a first optical filter F 1 within the optical path from the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE via the second optical waveguide LWL 2 to the photodetector PD. The first optical filter F1 preferably substantially prevents pump radiation LB from reaching the photodetector PD. For this purpose, the first optical filter F 1 preferably transmits the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE substantially unattenuated. In this context, essentially means that the attenuation of the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE by the first optical filter F 1 is so low that it does not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device. The first optical filter F 1 preferably substantially prevents electromagnetic radiation having pump radiation wavelength λ pmp of the pump radiation LB from reaching the photodetector PD. For this purpose, the first optical filter F 1 preferably transmits the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE substantially unattenuated. For this purpose, the first optical filter F 1 preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation having the fluorescence wavelength λ fl of the fluorescence radiation FL of the sensor element SE substantially unattenuated. In this context, essentially means that the attenuation of the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE by the first optical filter F 1 is so low that it does not reduce the usability of a device according to the proposal for the intended application of the device. Furthermore, the first optical filter F 1 substantially reflects or absorbs the pump radiation LB as completely as possible. Furthermore, the first optical filter F 1 preferably reflects or absorbs electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength λ pmp of the pump radiation LB substantially as completely as possible. In this context, essentially means that the attenuation of the pump radiation LB by the first optical filter F 1 is so strong that it is sufficient for the intended application of the device for the usability of a device according to the proposal. If the first optical filter F 1 removes the pump radiation LB from the beam path by means of reflection, it is expedient if an absorber or the like destroys the pump radiation LB and thus removes it from the system.Incidentally, it is conceivable that the first optical filter F 1 is a dichroic mirror or includes a dichroic mirror that is configured to be a dichroic mirror.• either the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE is reflected onto the photodetector PD and the pump radiation LB and other radiation with pump radiation wavelength λ transmits pmp and other interference radiation• or the fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE is transmitted to the photodetector PD and the pump radiation LB and other radiation with pump radiation wavelength λ reflects pmp and other interference radiation.A dichroic mirror (dichroic mirror) in the sense of this document is a mirror which reflects only a part of the light spectrum and transmits the remainder. It is typically also known by the term "dielectric mirror" because of its typical structure. It separates the incident light by wavelength and thus by color. Dichroic mirrors typically rely on the interference of the light waves. In this case, for example, a distributed Bragg reflector (or a distributed Bragg reflector) comprising a plurality of non-metallic layers or a Fabry-Perot interferometer can be used. Dichroic mirrors are a specific form of interference filters and are fundamentally different from color filters which are based on the absorption of light in certain color ranges. Such mirrors are particularly suitable for use as the first optical filter F1. In particular, they allow the use of a single optical fiber instead of the first optical fiber LWL1 and the second optical fiber LWL2.Fluorescent radiation FL of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE from the second optical waveguide LWL2 typically irradiates the photodetector PD. The photodetector PD typically serves to receive the temporal profile of an intensity signal of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE. The temporal intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE typically reaches the photodetector PD via a second optical path of a system of optical functional elements. At least the second optical waveguide LWL2 and the first optical filter F1 preferably belong to these optical functional elements of the second optical path. The second optical path may be identical in whole or in part to the first optical path. In this case, the second optical waveguide LWL2 and the first optical filter F1 also belong to the optical functional elements of the first optical path. Such an optical system can comprise, for example, one or more of the optical functional elements already mentioned above. The second optical waveguide LWL2 can, for example, be identical to the first optical waveguide LW1, as stated, if an optical functional element at the first end of the optical waveguide (LWL1, LWL2) separates the first optical path of the first optical waveguide LWL1 again for the irradiation of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE on the one hand and the second optical path of the second optical waveguide LWL2 for the return line of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE on the other hand, so that there is functional equivalence to a structure with two separate optical waveguides (LW1, LWL2). Such a construction has the advantage that the measurement volume is small. Such an optical functional element can be said dichroic mirror.The photodetector PD typically converts the intensity signal of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE into an electrical receiver output signal S0 of the photodetector PD. The temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD in this case preferably reflects the temporal value profile of the radiation intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 of the crystal or of the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the photodetector PD receives. With suitable optical shielding and with good filtering by the first filter F 1, the temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD preferably reflects the temporal value profile of the radiation intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the NV center NV 1 or of the NV centers NV 1 of the crystal or of the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the photodetector PD receives.In this case, the temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S0of the photodetector PD is then typically modulated with the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB. In this case, the temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD is then typically shifted in time by the phase shift Δt with respect to the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB.A transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably generates a transmission signal S 5. The transmitting and evaluating device preferably modulates the transmission signal S 5 with the modulation signal. The modulation signal can be, for example, a pulse-modulated signal. The modulation signal can be a PWM signal, for example. The modulation signal may be a so-called return-tu-zero signal that transmits a bit sequence. Each bit of this return-to-zero signal comprises a first subbit and a second subbit, which immediately preferably follow one another in terms of time. If the bit is to encode a logic 1, this bit can consist, for example, of a logic 1 as the first subbit and a logic 0 as the second subbit. If the bit is to encode a logic 0, this bit can consist, for example, of a logic 0 as the first subbit and a logic 1 as the second subbit. Of course, the system may also use the reverse definition of the functional equivalent. The modulation signal preferably has a modulation period. Preferably, the modulation period corresponds to the bit length over time in the case of a return-to-zero signal. The use of a return-to-zero signal as the transmission signal has the advantage that each bit has at least one signal edge, the transmission and evaluation device LIV can use for extracting the transmission clock and thus the transmission frequency of the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 and the phase shift Δt with respect to the modulation signal of the intensity modulation of the pump radiation LB from the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD. With respect to the modulation signal with a return-to-zero (RTZ) signal shape, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can generate a second analysis signal S 5 a phase-shifted by 90° and can use it for the analysis of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD.The temporal relationship between the transmission signal S 5 and the second analysis signal S 5 acan typically be described by a phase shift by a quarter transmission signal period T S5.This corresponds to a phase shift of the second analysis signal S 5 a by π / 2 with respect to the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably determines one or more measured values and / or one or more measured value profiles and / or one or more measured signals as a function of the time profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD.A first possibility is, for example, the correlation of the time profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD with the time profile of the transmission signal S 5. Such a correlation can be achieved, for example, by means of an L2 product in the form of the integralHere, m(t) is the measurement value signal. Depending on the implementation of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, the measured value signal m(t) can be present as an analog or digital circuit as an analog signal or as a data stream of measured value signal values in digitized form in the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. In order to ensure orthogonality of the transmission signal S 5 with the analysis signal S 5 a it is expedient to carry out the integration over a whole positive number n greater than 0 of modulation periods T S5 of the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 starting from a starting point t 0. The integral is thenThe transmitting and evaluating device LIV can preferably generate one or more phase-shifted measured values and / or one or more time-shifted measured values and / or one or more phase-shifted measured signals on the basis of the second analysis signal S 5 a, depending on the time profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD.A first possibility for this is, for example, the correlation of the time profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD with the time profile of the second analysis signal S 5 a. Such a correlation can be achieved, for example, by means of an L2 product in the form of the integralHere, m a( t) is the phase-shifted measured value signal. Depending on the implementation of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, the phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) can be present as an analog or digital circuit as an analog signal or as a data stream of phase-shifted measured value signal values in digitized form in the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. In order to ensure orthogonality of the transmission signal S 5 with the second analysis signal S 5 a it is also expedient here to carry out the integration over a whole positive number n greater than 0 of modulation periods T S5 of the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 starting from a starting point t 0. The integral is thenFor example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can have an external data bus EXTDB, via which a higher-order system and / or computer system can access the transmitting and evaluating device LIV.In the example of FIG. 1, an electric line current I LTG passes through an electric line LTG from a first electric terminal A of the electric line LTG to a second electric terminal B of the line LTG. The electric line current I LTG generates a magnetic excitation H LTG in a magnetic circuit MK. In the example of FIG. 1, the magnetic circuit MK includes the yoke J 1. The yoke J1 is composed of the first sub-yoke J1a, the second sub-yoke J1b; and the third sub-yoke J1c. In the example of FIG. 1, the first sub-yoke J 1 aand the second sub-yoke J 1 bcomprise two magnetic resistors in parallel, on the one hand, and the third sub-yoke J 1 cas a third magnetic resistor, on the other hand, enclose an opening WD of the magnetic circuit MK. The line LTG is drawn through the opening WD of the magnetic circuit MK. Therefore, the line electric current I LTG in the electric line LTG excites the magnetic excitation H LTG in the third sub-yoke J1c on the one hand and in the first sub-yoke J1a and the second sub-yoke J1b on the other hand. A magnetic flux density B LTG in the third sub-yoke J 1 ccorresponds to the magnetic excitation H LTG. This magnetic flux B LTG must split into a first magnetic flux B 1a= μ 0 μ r* H 1a in the first sub-yoke J 1 aand a second magnetic flux B 1b= μ 0 μ r'* H 1b in the second sub-yoke J 1 b, wherein the Kirchhoff sum rule applies: B LTG= B1a+B1b.The air gap ag adjusts the magnetic resistance of the second split yoke J 1 b. The exemplary sensor element SE is placed in the air gap ag. Since the second partial magnetic excitation H 1b in the second partial yoke J 1 bmust flow through the air gap ag and the material of the second partial yoke J 1 bitself, the magnetic flux density B ag is the greatest in the air gap. The sensor element SE with the crystals and the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the crystals is preferably placed there.As a result, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV1 depends on the magnetic flux density B ag in the air gap ag and thus on the total magnetic excitation H LTG and thus on the electric current I LTG through the line LTG.The sensor system presented here can thus determine the measured value signal and the phase-shifted measured value signal as a two-dimensional measured value signal and keep it ready for reading by a superordinate computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB and / or transmit it to a superordinate computer system RSYS via the external data bus EXTDB.FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of FIG. 2FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 1, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is designed as a processor for a software-defined sensor, for example. The sensor comprises, in the sense of the document presented here, the sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading out the sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV, which comprises the computer system.The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system comprises, for example, here an exemplary amplifier V 1, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a computer core μC, memories MEM, which may comprise volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM, a data bus interface DBINF, an internal data bus DB, a digital-to-analog converter DAC and a first driver stage DRV 1. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also comprise other device parts such as input / output interfaces, etc.In the following, the text presented here describes the exemplary function of the software-defined sensor system.In the example of FIG. 1, the example amplifier V 1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD to form the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and, if appropriate, filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD preferably with a sampling period, specifically preferably periodically with a sampling period T ADC. The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably provides the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably makes available the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV together with a respective sampling time. Preferably, each sample is assigned a sampling time. For example, in some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can provide the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in that the analog-to-digital converter ADC stores or stores the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD via the internal data bus DB in a predetermined memory area of a memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. If appropriate, that of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can have a bus arbitration device, so that the analog-to-digital converter ADC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in this way, does not cause a transmission and bus collision with other bus subscribers of the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core μC. The memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can comprise volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM. The computer core μC can preferably read the data and the program code in the memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via the internal data bus DB and write them if provided. Preferably, the computer core μC, by executing program code which is located in one or more memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, carries out computer-implemented methods for evaluating the captured sample values of the filtered receiver output signal S 1 in order to determine one or more measured values and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data or the like or to determine logical values for use in other computer-implemented methods. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably has a data interface DBIF, with which the computer core μC can communicate with a superordinate computer system RSYS via an external data bus EXTDB.The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably comprises a first driver stage DRV 1. The first driver stage DRV 1 preferably generates the transmission signal S 5 from the transmission pre-signal S 5 w, typically by means of power amplification. The first driver stage DRV 1 optionally provides the transmission signal S 5 with an offset value for the operation of the pump radiation source PL 1 by addition of a constant value. This is important in particular when positive and negative signal values appear in the transmission signal S 5, since the pump radiation source PL 1 typically cannot emit negative radiation intensity values of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. The transmission pre-signal S 5 wtypically has a temporal value profile. This temporal value profile of the transmission pilot signal S 5 wis typically modulated with said modulation signal. Therefore, the value profile of the transmission signal S 5 is typically likewise modulated with the temporal value profile of the transmission pre-signal S 5 wand thus with the temporal value profile of the modulation signal. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably supplies the pump radiation source PL 1 with electrical energy. This power supply is typically modulated with the modulation signal. Typically, the temporal value profile of the transmission signal S 5 modulates the temporal value profile of the intensity of the pump radiation LB which the pump radiation source PL 1 emits. As a result, the temporal intensity profile of the pump radiation LB is modulated with the modulation signal with which the transmission signal S 5 is also modulated.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figuresFIG. 3 shows a schematic view of FIG. 3FIG. 3 is essentially based on FIG. 1, wherein now a first electronic switch T 1, here an exemplary first power transistor T 1, is inserted into the line LTG.The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the first electronic switch T 1. Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can control the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the phase shift Δt of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these signals or values.If the transmitting and evaluating device LIV forms a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t), the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 preferably as a function of the measured value signal m(t) and / or as a function of the phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from this measured value signal m(t) and / or from this phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) and / or as a function of one or more signals which are related to this measured value signal m(t) and / or to this phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t), depending on the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE.If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the one or more sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV then controls the first electronic switch T 1 via the control terminal T 1 gin dependence on the magnetic flux density B by means of a controllable control voltage source V CTR.The electric line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the example of FIG. 3, generates a magnetic field that flows through the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG wherein, in the example of FIG. 1, this magnetic excitation H LTG can split into a first partial magnetic excitation H 1 aand a second partial magnetic excitation H 1 b, when the shape of the magnetic yoke J 1 with a first partial yoke J 1 aand a second partial yoke J 1 band an air gap ag is formed by way of example. The second partial magnetic excitation H 1 btransfluts through the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B ag. This magnetic flux density Bag in the air gap ag depends on the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV therefore then controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG.Particularly preferably, the system of FIG. 3 can perform a backup function.In order to record the energy which is transported through the first switch T 1, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates: a. A first possibility is that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV maps the temporal profile of one or more measured value signals to one or more polynomial signals by means of one or more polynomials. In this case, particular preference is given to squaring the respective measured value of the one or more measured value signals. Since a measurement signal in the constellation depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG. If the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load is substantially constant over time in the period under consideration, the corresponding polynomial signal then depends on the value of the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG divided by this electrical load resistance R L. This is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a first possible implementation for an electrical fuse having at least one, better a plurality of paramagnetic centres NV1, in particular NV centres, in one, preferably a plurality of crystals in a preferably a plurality of sensor elements SE. b. A second possibility is for the transmitting and evaluating device LIV to record the temporal profile of an output voltage V out between the second terminal B of the line LTG and one of the reference potential lines at reference potential GND, in the form of voltage measurement values. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably links the detected voltage measurement values to the temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably links the acquired voltage measurement values to the temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals by means of one or more polynomials to one or more voltage polynomial signals. This linking is preferably a multiplication of the respective acquired voltage measurement values with the respective temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals to form respective power measurement values. Since a measurement signal in the constellation depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using this multiplication, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous line current I LTG through the line LTG times the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus on the instantaneous output power P out= I LTG* V out. In this case, it is not necessary for the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load to be substantially constant over time in the period of time under consideration. This output power P out is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible implementation for electrical protection with at least one, better multiple paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably multiple crystals in one, preferably multiple sensor elements SE. This second possible implementation can be provided alternatively or in parallel with respect to time with the first possible implementation in the electronic fuse.Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, FIG. 3 is only exemplary.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 4 shows a schematic of FIG. 4FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 3, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of FIG. 3 is designed as a processor for a software-defined sensor, for example. The sensor again comprises, in the sense of the document presented here, the sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading out the sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV which comprises the computer system.The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system again comprises here, for example, the exemplary amplifier V 1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core μC, the memory MEM, the volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC and the first driver stage DRV 1. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also comprise other device parts such as input / output interfaces, etc.In addition to the exemplary device of FIG. 2, in the exemplary device of FIG. 4, the first electronic switch T 1, here an exemplary first power transistor T 1 of FIG. 2, is now again inserted by way of example into the line LTG. Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV again controls the first electronic switch T 1 in the example presented here. Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 again as a function of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE.For this purpose, the second optical waveguide LWL 2 of the exemplary device of FIG. 4 detects the intensity of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic center or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE by means of the photodetector PD. The temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE is typically modulated with a modulation signal as a proportion of the intensity signal of the temporal profile signal of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE. This modulation signal as a component signal of the intensity signal of the temporal profile of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE typically correlates with the modulation signal with which the transmission signal S5 is preferably modulated at least in terms of signal component. The photodetector PD preferably converts the temporal profile of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE into a receiver output signal SO.The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system again comprises here, for example, the exemplary amplifier V 1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core μC, the memory MEM, which can comprise the volatile memory RAM and the nonvolatile memory NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC and the first driver stage DRV 1. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also comprise other device parts such as input / output interfaces, etc. In the example of FIG. 4, the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system also comprises an exemplary first switch control T 1DRV. The computer core μC of the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can actuate the control electrode (gate) T 1 gof the first switch T 1 by means of the exemplary first switch control T 1DRV and thus control the first switch T 1. As a result, the computer core μC of the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can actuate the control electrode (gate) of the first switch T 1 by means of the exemplary first switch control T 1DRV and switch on or switch off the first switch T 1 depending on the required operating state. As already explained above, the first switch T 1 can typically comprise an electrically controlled switch or an electrically controlled transistor or thyristor or the like.When the computer core μC switches off the first switch T 1 by means of a first switch control T 1DRV and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the first switch T 1 typically interrupts a current flow of a line current I LTG through the line LTG.When the computer core μC switches on the first switch T 1 by means of a first switch control T 1DRV and by means of a corresponding control via the internal data bus DB, the first switch T 1 typically enables a current flow of a line current I LTG through the line LTG.In the example of FIG. 4, the example amplifier V 1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD to form the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and, if appropriate, filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD preferably with a sampling period, specifically preferably periodically with a sampling period T ADC.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the second terminal B and a reference potential, here the ground GND, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example, in a memory MEM of the device.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and a reference potential, here the ground GND, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example, in a memory MEM of the device. This is not shown at present in FIG. 4 for better clarity. The applicant reserves the right to apply a corresponding drawing during the process or in the case of gaps against a property right from this patent application, which drawing shows an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the first terminal A of the device.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and the second terminal B of the device or between the terminals of the first switch T 1 via the first switch T 1 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example in a memory MEM of the device. This is not shown at present in FIG. 4 for better clarity. The applicant reserves the right to apply a corresponding drawing during the test procedures or in the case of test rules against a property right from this patent application, which drawing shows an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the first terminal A and between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second terminal B of the device.Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter ADC comprises an input multiplexer which allows the device to time division multiplex between these lines of the device and thus, for each measurement, for example, select exactly one of the input lines of the analog-to-digital converter ADC for a subsequent measurement by the analog-to-digital converter ADC. The computer core μC preferably controls the analog-to-digital converter ADC via the data bus DB. The analog-to-digital converter can provide the samples to the computer core μC in various ways:• The analog-to-digital converter ADC can cause the computer core μC to read a valid sample value from a register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC via an interrupt line, not shown here for clearer illustration, between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the computer core μC. The applicant reserves the right to reach a corresponding drawing from this patent application, during the test methods or in the case of cases against a property right, which drawing shows an electrical connection in the form of said interrupt line between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the computer core μC.• The computer core μC can query a register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC via the data bus at more or less regular time intervals via the data bus DB, whether a valid, not yet queried new sample value is present. If such a valid, not yet interrogated new sample value is present, the computer core μC reads out a corresponding register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the analog-to-digital converter ADC or the computer core μC mark this register value as read.• The analog-to-digital converter ADC can, for example, request the internal data bus DB by means of a bus arbitration logic of the device and have it ensured for a predetermined time, so that bus collisions on the internal data bus DB are excluded for this time. For this period of time, the analog-to-digital converter ADC can then transmit data, namely in particular one or more sampling values and possibly associated information such as sampled signal and sampling time, directly into one of the memories MEM and thus make it available to the computer core μC.Typically, the analog-to-digital converter ADC samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD preferably with a sampling period, namely preferably periodically or substantially periodically with a sampling period T ADC.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably provides the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV as described above. The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably provides the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV together with a respective sampling time as described. Preferably, each sample is assigned a sampling time. If the analog-to-digital converter always samples the amplified and filtered receiver output signal S1 exactly corresponding to the sampling period T ADC the transmission of the sampling times can typically be dispensed with, since the sampling times are automatically obtained by summing the sampling period T ADC first and, on the other hand, only the correct data sequence is then typically of importance in such cases. For example, in some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can provide the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in that the analog-to-digital converter ADC stores or stores the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD via the internal data bus DB, as described above, in a predetermined memory area of a memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. If necessary, the transmission and evaluation device LIV can have the bus arbitration device mentioned, so that the analog-to-digital converter ADC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmission and evaluation device LIV in this way, does not cause a transmission and bus collision with other bus subscribers of the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core μC. The memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can comprise volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM. The computer core μC can preferably read the data and the program code in the memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via the internal data bus DB and write them if provided. Preferably, the computer core μC, by executing program code which is located in one or more memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, carries out computer-implemented methods for evaluating the captured sample values of the filtered receiver output signal S 1 in order to determine one or more measured values and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data or the like or to determine logical values for use in other computer-implemented methods. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably has a data interface DBIF, with which the computer core μC can communicate with a superordinate computer system RSYS via an external data bus EXTDB.The computer core μC particularly preferably executes a computer-implemented method for capturing measured values by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably thereby depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably thereby depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of one or more crystals in one or more sensor elements SE.Typically, the measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC thereby also depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the intensity of the pump radiation LB with which the pump radiation source PL 1 irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of one or more crystals in one or more sensor elements SE.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, and / or as a function of one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, derived signals and / or their time derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the receiver output signal S 0 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S 0 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can activate the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the phase shift Δt fl the time profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the time profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of one or more The signals derived from these signals or values can be controlled.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can activate the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the phase shift Δt S1 of the temporal profile of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can activate the first electronic switch T 1 as a function of the phase shift Δt S0 of the temporal profile of the amplitude of the receiver output signal S 0 with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of one or more controlling a plurality of signals derived from these signals or values.If the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV forms a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) by means of one or more computer-implemented methods, for example from sampled values of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, The transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 by means of the first switch control T 1DRV via the internal data bus DB preferably as a function of the measured value signal m(t) formed by the computer core μC and / or as a function of the phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) formed by the computer core μC and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these measured value signals m(t) and / or as a function of a measured value signal m a( t) phase-shifted from this, preferably as a function of signals derived by the computer core μC and / or as a function of one or more signals preferably formed by the computer core μC, which are associated with this measured value signal m(t) and / or with this phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t).If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the one or more sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, then the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the first electronic switch T 1 preferably depending on the magnetic flux density B typically by means of a computer-implemented method.The program code that the computer core μC of the document presented here executes for executing the computer-implemented methods is preferably located at least temporarily in a memory MEM of the device. Data that the computer core μC likewise at least temporarily stores in a memory MEM of the device presented here when executing the computer-implemented methods of the document presented here.The electric line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the example of FIG. 4, again typically generates a magnetic field which flows through the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG wherein, in the example of FIG. 4, this magnetic excitation H LTG can split into a first partial magnetic excitation H 1 aand a second partial magnetic excitation H 1 b, when the shape of the magnetic yoke J 1 is exemplarily formed with a first partial yoke J 1 aand a second partial yoke J 1 band an air gap ag. The second partial magnetic excitation H 1 btransfluts through the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B ag. This magnetic flux density B ag in the air gap ag depends on the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV therefore then controls the first electronic switch T 1 preferably as a function of the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG.Particularly preferably, the system of FIG. 4 can perform a backup function.In order to record the energy which is transported through the first switch T 1, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates: a. A first possibility is that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV maps the temporal profile of one or more measured value signals which it has determined from the receiver output signal S 0 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC to one or more polynomial signals by means of one or more polynomials. In this case, a respective squaring of the respective measured values of the one or more measured value signals of the analog-to-digital converter is particularly preferred with respect to the value profile of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or the value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 and / or the value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL and / or the value profile of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. Since a measured value signal in the constellation of FIG. 4 depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG. If the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load is substantially constant over time in the period under consideration, the corresponding polynomial signal then depends on the value of the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG divided by this electrical load resistance R L. This is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a first possible implementation for an electrical fuse having at least one, better a plurality of paramagnetic centres NV1, in particular NV centres, in one, preferably a plurality of crystals in a preferably a plurality of sensor elements SE. b. A second possibility is for the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV to record, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the temporal profile of an output voltage V out between the second terminal B of the line LTG and a reference potential, in this case the ground GND, in the form of voltage measurement values. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably acquires the temporal profile of one or more measurement value signals which it has determined by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC from the receiver output signal S 0 and / or from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or from the value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably links the detected voltage measurement values to the temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is preferably linked by means of computer-implemented methods, the program code of which the computer core μC retrieves from the memory MEM of the device and executes, to form one or more voltage polynomial signals, the acquired voltage measured values with the temporally corresponding measured values of the one or more measured value signals by means of one or more polynomials. This linking is preferably a multiplication of the respective detected voltage measurement values by the computer core μC or another device part of the device with the respective temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals to form respective power measurement values, which the computer core μC or another device part of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably executes. Since a measurement signal in the constellation depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using this multiplication, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous current value of the line current I LTG through the line LTG multiplied by the voltage value of the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus on the instantaneous power value of the instantaneous output power P out= I LTG* V out. However, it is not necessary here for the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load to be substantially constant over time in the period of time under consideration. This output power P out is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the typically complex load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible implementation for an electrical fuse having at least one, better multiple paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably multiple crystals in one, preferably multiple sensor elements SE. This second possible implementation can be provided alternatively or in parallel with respect to time with the first possible implementation in the electronic fuse.Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, FIG. 4 is only exemplary.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of FIG. 5FIG. 5 corresponds substantially to FIG. 3, wherein the first switch T 1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in FIG. 3 controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T 2 by way of example.The essential idea of the device of FIG. 5 is thus the use of a second switch T 2 instead of the first switch T 1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV now controls by means of a galvanically isolating device, here by means of the third optical waveguide LWL 3 and by means of the switching LED LED.As a result, no direct electrical connections are necessary any longer between the electrical line LTG and the second switch T 2, on the one hand, and the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and the auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, on the other hand. The electrical line LTG and the second switch T 2 can thus be at any potential relative to that of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and the auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, on the one hand, which represents a considerable safety-related advantage. The said auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV are, in the sense of this document, device parts which are directly electrically connected to the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. These can be, for example, the photodetector PD and / or the pump radiation source PL.In the example of FIG. 5, the LED of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV supplies the switching LED with electrical energy, for example, if the LED of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV wants to switch on the second switch T 2, for example. The switching LED LED then emits light and / or electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB into the third optical waveguide LWL 3. The third optical waveguide LWL 3 transports the light or the electromagnetic radiation in the form of the control radiation SB to the second, optically controllable switch T 2. Typically, the second, optically controllable switch T 2 has an optical switching region, for example a PN diode or the like, which switches on the second switch T 2 when irradiated with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB and switches off the second switch T 2 when the light or the electromagnetic radiation disappears, that is to say an end of the irradiation with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.For the rest, the document presented here refers to the description of the corresponding FIG. 3.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 6 shows a FIG. 6FIG. 6 corresponds substantially to FIG. 4, wherein the first switch T 1, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in FIG. 3 controlled by means of an electrical signal, is now replaced by an optically controlled second switch T 2 by way of example.FIG. 6 also corresponds in essential parts to FIG. 5, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of FIG. 6 is designed, for example, as a processor for a software-defined sensor. The sensor again comprises, in the sense of the document presented here, the sensor element SE, means (PL1, LWL1) for stimulating the sensor element SE, means (LWL2, F1, PD1) for reading out the sensor element SE, and a transmitting and evaluating device LIV which comprises the computer system.The essential idea of the device of FIG. 6 is thus the use of a second switch T 2 instead of the first switch T 1 of FIG. 4, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV now controls by means of a galvanically isolating device, here by means of the third optical waveguide LWL 3 and by means of the switching LED LED.As a result, no direct electrical connections are necessary any longer between the electrical line LTG and the second switch T 2, on the one hand, and the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and the auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, on the other hand. The electrical line LTG and the second switch T 2 can thus be at any potential relative to that of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and the auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, on the one hand, which represents a considerable safety-related advantage. The said auxiliary means of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV are, in the sense of this document, device parts which are directly electrically connected to the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. These can be, for example, the photodetector PD and / or the pump radiation source PL.In the example of FIG. 6, the LED of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV supplies the switching LED with electrical energy, for example, if the LED of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV wants to switch on the second switch T 2, for example. The switching LED LED then emits light and / or electromagnetic radiation as control radiation SB into the third optical waveguide LWL 3. The third optical waveguide LWL 3 transports this control radiation SB in the form of this light or this electromagnetic radiation to the second optically controllable switch T 2. Typically, the second optically controllable switch T 2 has an optical switching region, for example a PN diode or the like, which switches on the second optically controllable switch T 2 upon irradiation with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB and switches off the second optically controllable switch T 2 upon disappearance of the light or the electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB, that is to say an end of the irradiation with this light or this electromagnetic radiation in the form of control radiation SB.The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system of FIG. 6 again comprises here, for example, the exemplary amplifier V 1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core μC, the memory MEM, which can comprise volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC and the first driver stage DRV 1. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also comprise other device parts such as input / output interfaces, etc.In addition to the exemplary device of FIG. 2, in the exemplary device of FIG. 6, the second optically controlled switch T 2, here an exemplary second optically controlled power transistor T 2 of FIG. 6, is now again inserted by way of example into the line LTG. Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in the example presented here again controls the second electronic switch T 2 by means of a light signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED. For this purpose, the computer core μC preferably controls the switching state of the second optically controlled switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and by means of the switching LED LED temporarily supplied with electrical energy by the latter.Typically, the switching LED driver DRV supplies the switching LED LED with electrical energy when the switching LED LED switches on the second optically controlled switch T 2, since it then emits control radiation SB, which then switches on the optically controlled switch T 2.Typically, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV causes the switching LED driver DRV to supply the switching LED LED with electrical energy, for example by means of signaling via one or more signal lines and / or by means of signaling via the data bus DB, when the computer core μC switches on the second optically controlled switch T 2 by means of the switching LED LED, since it then emits control radiation SB, which then switches on the optically controlled switch T 2.Typically, the switching LED driver DRV does not supply the switching LED LED with electrical energy when the switching LED LED switches off the second optically controlled switch T 2, since it then no longer emits control radiation SB, which can then naturally no longer switch on the optically controlled switch T 2.Typically, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV no longer causes the switching LED driver DRV to supply electrical energy to the switching LED LED LED, for example by means of signaling via one or more signal lines and / or by means of signaling via the data bus DB, if the computer core μC switches the second optically controlled switch T 2 off by means of the switching LED LED.Particularly preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically controllable switch T 2 again as a function of the fluorescence radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE.For this purpose, the second optical waveguide LWL 2 of the exemplary device of FIG. 6 detects the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE by means of the photodetector PD. The temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE is typically modulated with a modulation signal as a proportion of the intensity signal of the temporal profile signal of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE. This modulation signal as a component signal of the intensity signal of the temporal profile of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE typically correlates with the modulation signal with which the transmission signal S5 is preferably modulated at least in terms of signal component. The photodetector PD preferably converts the temporal profile of the values of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 of the crystal or of the plurality of crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE into a receiver output signal S0.The exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system again comprises here, for example, the exemplary amplifier V 1, the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the computer core μC, the memory MEM, which can comprise the volatile memory RAM and the nonvolatile memory NVM, the data bus interface DBINF, the internal data bus DB, the digital-to-analog converter DAC and the first driver stage DRV 1.In addition, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system comprises a switching LED driver DRV for at least temporarily supplying the switching LED LED with electrical energy for switching the optically switchable second switch T 2. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system thus additionally comprises this switching LED driver DRV for switching on the optically switchable second switch T 2. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can also comprise other device parts such as input / output interfaces, etc. In the example of FIG. 6, the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system also comprises said switching LED driver DRV. The computer core μC of the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can actuate the optically sensitive switching detector (switching range) of the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and thus control the second optically switchable switch T 2. As a result, the computer core μC of the exemplary transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the software-defined sensor system can actuate the optically sensitive switching detector (switching range) of the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and switch on or switch off the second optically switchable switch T 2 depending on the required operating state. As already explained above, the second, optically switchable switch T 2 can typically comprise an optically controlled switch or an optically controlled transistor or optically controlled thyristor or the like.If the computer core μC switches off the optically controlled second switch T 2 by means of the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and by means of disappearance of the light emission of the switching LED LED in the form of the disappearing control radiation SB and by means of a corresponding drive via the internal data bus DB, the second, optically controlled switch T 2 typically interrupts a current flow of a line current I LTG through the line LTG.When the computer core μC switches on the second, optically controlled switch T 2 by means of the exemplary switching LED driver DRV and by means of light emission of the switching LED LED in the form of the disappearing control radiation SB and by means of a corresponding drive via the internal data bus DB, the second, optically controlled switch T 2 typically enables a current flow of a line current I LTG through the line LTG.In the example of FIG. 6, the exemplary amplifier V 1 of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV amplifies and / or filters the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD to form the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV samples the amplified and, if appropriate, filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD preferably with a sampling period, specifically preferably periodically with a sampling period T ADC.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the second terminal B and a reference potential, here the ground GND, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example, in a memory MEM of the device.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and a reference potential, here the ground GND, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example, in a memory MEM of the device. This is not shown at present in FIG. 6 for better clarity. The applicant reserves the right to apply a corresponding drawing during the process or in the case of gaps against a property right from this patent application, which drawing shows an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the first terminal A of the device. In addition, this would result in the removal of the galvanic separation and thus considerable disadvantages. The document presented here is therefore demoting therefrom.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can sample the voltage between the first terminal A and the second terminal B of the device or between the terminals of the second optically controlled switch T 2 via the second optically controlled switch T 2 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and make it available to the computer core μC, for example, in a memory MEM of the device. This is not shown at present in FIG. 6 for better clarity. The applicant reserves the right to apply a corresponding drawing during the test procedures or in the case of test rules against a property right from this patent application, which drawing shows an electrical connection between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the first terminal A and between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second terminal B of the device. In addition, this would result in the removal of the galvanic separation and thus considerable disadvantages. The document presented here is therefore demoting therefrom.Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter ADC comprises an input multiplexer which allows the device to time division multiplex between these lines of the device and thus, for each measurement, for example, select exactly one of the input lines of the analog-to-digital converter ADC for a subsequent measurement by the analog-to-digital converter ADC. The computer core μC preferably controls the analog-to-digital converter ADC via the data bus DB. The analog-to-digital converter can provide the samples to the computer core μC in various ways:• The analog-to-digital converter ADC can cause the computer core μC to read a valid sample value from a register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC via an interrupt line, not shown here for clearer illustration, between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the computer core μC. The applicant reserves the right to reach a corresponding drawing from this patent application, during the test methods or in the case of cases against a property right, which drawing shows an electrical connection in the form of said interrupt line between the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the computer core μC.• The computer core μC can query a register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC via the data bus at more or less regular time intervals via the data bus DB, whether a valid, not yet queried new sample value is present. If such a valid, not yet interrogated new sample value is present, the computer core μC reads out a corresponding register of the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the analog-to-digital converter ADC or the computer core μC mark this register value as read.• The analog-to-digital converter ADC can, for example, request the internal data bus DB by means of a bus arbitration logic of the device and have it ensured for a predetermined time, so that bus collisions on the internal data bus DB are excluded for this time. For this period of time, the analog-to-digital converter ADC can then transmit data, namely in particular one or more sampling values and possibly associated information such as sampled signal and sampling time, directly into one of the memories MEM and thus make it available to the computer core μC.Typically, the analog-to-digital converter ADC samples the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD preferably with a sampling period, namely preferably periodically or substantially periodically with a sampling period T ADC.The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably provides the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV as described above. The analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably provides the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and possibly filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV together with a respective sampling time as described. Preferably, each sample is assigned a sampling time. If the analog-to-digital converter ADC always samples the amplified and filtered receiver output signal S1 exactly corresponding to the sampling period T ADC the transmission of the sampling times can typically be dispensed with, since the sampling times result automatically by summing the sampling period T ADC first and, on the other hand, only the correct data sequence is then typically of importance in such cases. For example, in some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can provide the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD to the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via an internal data bus DB of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV in that the analog-to-digital converter ADC stores or stores the thus obtained sample values of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD via the internal data bus DB, as described above, in a predetermined memory area of a memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV. If necessary, the transmission and evaluation device LIV can have the bus arbitration device mentioned, so that the analog-to-digital converter ADC, when accessing a memory MEM of the transmission and evaluation device LIV in this way, does not cause a transmission and bus collision with other bus subscribers of the internal data bus DB, such as the computer core μC. The memory MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can comprise volatile memories RAM and nonvolatile memories NVM. The computer core μC can preferably read the data and the program code in the memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV via the internal data bus DB and write them if provided. Preferably, the computer core μC, by executing program code which is located in one or more memories MEM of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV, carries out computer-implemented methods for evaluating the captured sample values of the filtered receiver output signal S 1 in order to determine one or more measured values and / or a measured value signal and / or a set of measured value data or the like or to determine logical values for use in other computer-implemented methods. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably has a data interface DBIF, with which the computer core μC can communicate with a superordinate computer system RSYS via an external data bus EXTDB.The computer core μC particularly preferably executes a computer-implemented method for capturing measured values by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the amplified and optionally filtered receiver output signal S 1 of the photodetector PD.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably thereby depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 of the photodetector PD.The measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC preferably thereby depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of one or more crystals in one or more sensor elements SE.Typically, the measured values determined by the computer core μC by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC thereby also depend on the values and / or the temporal value profile of the intensity of the pump radiation LB with which the pump radiation source PL 1 irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of one or more crystals in one or more sensor elements SE.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the second optically switchable switch T 2 depending on the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, and / or which irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE depending on one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, derived signals and / or their time derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls, by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL 3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which typically the pump radiation source PL 1 irradiates, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, and / or as a function of one or more of the intensity of the pump radiation LB, with which the pump radiation source PL 1 typically irradiates the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE, preferably via the first optical waveguide LWL 1, derived signals and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the second optically controllable switch T 2 as a function of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL 3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 depending on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or depending on one or more signals derived from the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the one or more crystals within the one or more sensor elements SE and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the second optically controllable switch T 2 as a function of the receiver output signal S 0 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S 0 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL 3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the receiver output signal S 0 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the receiver output signal S 0 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Particularly preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV thus controls by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL 3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or their time-derived values and / or signals and / or measurement signals and / or phase-shifted measurement signals and / or one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can switch the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt fl the time profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the time profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of one or more controlling a plurality of signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can be connected by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt fl of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt fl and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can switch the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt S1 the temporal profile of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 depending on one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can be connected by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt S1 of the temporal profile of the amplitude of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S1 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can switch the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt S0 the temporal profile of the amplitude of the receiver output signal S 0 compared to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of a phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt or a plurality of signals derived from these signals or values.Alternatively or in parallel or simultaneously or intermittently, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can be connected by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL3, the second optically switchable switch T 2 as a function of the phase shift Δt S0 of the temporal profile of the amplitude of the receiver output signal S 0 with respect to the temporal profile of the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 and / or as a function of values derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of phase-shifted measurement signals derived from this phase shift Δt S0 and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these signals or values.If the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV forms a measured value signal m(t) and / or a phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) by means of one or more computer-implemented methods, for example from sampled values of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV and via a third optical system, here via the third optical waveguide LWL 3, and via the internal data bus DB, preferably as a function of the measured value signal m(t) formed by the computer core μC and / or as a function of the phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t) formed by the computer core μC and / or as a function of one or more signals derived from these measured value signals m(t) and / or as a function of a measured value signal m a( t) phase-shifted from the same, preferably as signals derived by the computer core μC and / or as a function of one or more signals preferably formed by the computer core μC, which are related to this measured value signal m(t) and / or to this phase-shifted measured value signal m a( t).If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the one or more paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the one or more sensor elements SE depends on the magnetic flux density B, then the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the second, optically controlled switch T 2 preferably depending on the magnetic flux density B typically by means of a computer-implemented method.The program code that the computer core μC of the document presented here executes for executing the computer-implemented methods is preferably located at least temporarily in a memory MEM of the device. Data that the computer core μC likewise at least temporarily stores in a memory MEM of the device presented here when executing the computer-implemented methods of the document presented here.The electric line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the example of FIG. 6, again typically generates a magnetic field which flows through the magnetic circuit MK with a magnetic excitation H LTG wherein, in the example of FIG. 6, this magnetic excitation H LTG can split into a first partial magnetic excitation H 1 aand a second partial magnetic excitation H 1 b, when the shape of the magnetic yoke J 1 is exemplarily formed with a first partial yoke J 1 aand a second partial yoke J 1 band an air gap ag. The second partial magnetic excitation H 1 btransfluts through the air gap ag with a magnetic flux density B ag. This magnetic flux density B ag in the air gap ag depends on the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG. The transmitting and evaluating device LIV therefore then controls the second, optically controlled switch T 2, preferably as a function of the electrical line current I LTG through the line LTG.Particularly preferably, the system of FIG. 6 can again perform a safety function.In order to record the energy which is transported through the second, optically controlled switch T 2, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can make the following basic estimates:c. A first possibility is for the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV to map the temporal profile of one or more measurement value signals which it has determined from the receiver output signal S 0 by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, by means of one or more polynomials, to one or more polynomial signals in a computer-implemented method. In this case, a respective squaring of the respective measured values of the one or more measured value signals of the analog-to-digital converter ADC is particularly preferred with respect to the value profile of the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or the value profile of the receiver output signal S 0 and / or the value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL and / or the value profile of the intensity of the pump radiation LB. Since a measured value signal in the constellation of FIG. 6 depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using squaring as the simplest nonlinear polynomial, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG. If the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load is substantially constant over time in the period under consideration, the corresponding polynomial signal then depends on the value of the square of the line current I LTG through the line LTG divided by this electrical load resistance R L. This is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a first possible implementation for an electrical fuse having at least one, better multiple paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably multiple crystals in one, preferably multiple sensor elements SE.A second possibility is for the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV to record, by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the time profile of an output voltage V out between the second terminal B of the line LTG and a reference potential, in this case the ground GND, in the form of voltage measurement values. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably acquires the temporal profile of one or more measurement value signals which it has determined by means of the analog-to-digital converter ADC from the receiver output signal S 0 and / or from the amplified and / or filtered receiver output signal S 1 and / or from the value profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably links the detected voltage measurement values to the temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals by means of a computer-implemented method. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is preferably linked by means of computer-implemented methods, the program code of which the computer core μC retrieves from the memory MEM of the device and executes, to form one or more voltage polynomial signals, the acquired voltage measured values with the temporally corresponding measured values of the one or more measured value signals by means of one or more polynomials. This linking is preferably a preferably computer-implemented multiplication of the respective captured voltage measurement values by the computer core μC or another device part of the device with the respective temporally corresponding measurement values of the one or more measurement value signals to form respective power measurement values, which the computer core μC or another device part of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably executes. Since a measurement signal in the constellation depends on the line current I LTG through the line LTG, in the case of using this multiplication, the corresponding polynomial signal depends on the instantaneous current value of the line current I LTG through the line LTG multiplied by the voltage value of the output voltage value of the output voltage V out and thus on the instantaneous power value of the instantaneous output power P out= I LTG* V out. However, it is not necessary here for the ohmic and / or complex electrical load resistance R L of a subsequent electrical load to be substantially constant over time in the period of time under consideration. This output power P out is nothing more than the electric power P L, which flows into the typically complex load resistor R L. Therefore, the document presented here discloses a second possible implementation for an electrical fuse having at least one, better multiple paramagnetic centers NV1, in particular NV centers, in one, preferably multiple crystals in one, preferably multiple sensor elements SE. This second possible implementation can be provided alternatively or in parallel with respect to time with the first possible implementation in the electronic fuse. The second possible implementation with detection of the output voltage V out is, however, the less preferred version, since galvanic isolation is then lost.Preferably, the electronic fuse comprises one or more magnetic circuits MK. In this respect, FIG. 6 is only exemplary.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of FIG. 7FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 5, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged, by way of example, in front of the line section of the line LTG with the magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic centre NV1 or with the paramagnetic centres NV1.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of FIG. 8FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 6, wherein the second optically controlled switch is now arranged, by way of example, in front of the line section of the line LTG with the magnetic circuit MK and the paramagnetic centre NV1 or with the paramagnetic centres NV1, as viewed from the connection A.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 9 shows a schematic of FIG. 9FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 7, wherein now an exemplary voltage source, namely here an exemplary high-voltage source V, is additionally connected in HV between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device. This feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG.On the other side of the device, an exemplary, typically complex-valued load resistor R is connected in L between the second terminal B of the device and the reference potential line at the reference potential GND. The line current I LTG then flows through this load resistor R L. The load voltage V L then drops across the load resistor R L which is typically substantially equal to the voltage that the high voltage source V HV generates. The typically complex-valued load resistor R L can therefore be substantially inductive, capacitive or ohmic in the sense of the document presented here.Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects the magnetic flux density B generated by the electrical line current I LTG at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 and / or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE by means of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV1 and / or the paramagnetic centers NV1. Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV controls the switching state of the second optically controllable switch T 2 via the switching signal S 6 of the switching LED LED by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV as a function of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can record the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL and open or close the second optically controllable switch T 2 depending on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL. The document presented here refers in this context to the above-described exemplary backup function. In this case, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or a value derived therefrom with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T 2 depending on the comparison result.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the line current I LTG in the line LTG is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical power P L emitted to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the time integral of the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical energy E L emitted to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can record the time delay of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 as a phase shift Δt and open or close the second optically controllable switch T 2 as a function of this phase shift Δt. The document presented here refers in this context to the above-described exemplary backup function. In this case, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or a value derived therefrom with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T 2 depending on the comparison result.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the line current I LTG in the line LTG is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical power P L output to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the time integral of the value of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical energy E L emitted to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 when the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command from a higher-order computer system RSYS to open the second optical switch T 2 via the external data bus EXTDB.For example, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can close the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command from a higher-order computer system RSYS to close the second optical switch T 2 via the external data bus EXTDB.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of FIG. 10FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 8, wherein now an exemplary voltage source, namely here an exemplary high-voltage source V, is additionally connected in HV between the reference potential line at the reference potential GND and the first terminal A of the device. This feeds the line current I LTG into the electrical line LTG.On the other side of the device, an exemplary, typically complex-valued load resistor R is connected in L between the second terminal B of the device and the reference potential line at the reference potential GND. The line current I LTG then flows through this load resistor R L. The load voltage V L then drops across the load resistor R L which is typically substantially equal to the voltage that the high voltage source V HV generates. The typically complex-valued load resistor R L can therefore be substantially inductive, capacitive or ohmic in the sense of the document presented here.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably acquires the magnetic flux density B generated by the electrical line current I LTG at the location of the paramagnetic center NV 1 and / or the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE by means of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 and / or at the location of the paramagnetic centers NV 1. The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the switching state of the second optically controllable switch T 2 via the switching signal S 6 of the switching LED LED LED by means of the switching LED LED and the switching LED driver DRV as a function of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can record the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL and open or close the second optically controllable switch T 2 as a function of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL. The document presented here refers in this context to the above-described exemplary backup function. In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or a value derived therefrom with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T 2 as a function of the comparison result.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the line current I LTG in the line LTG is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical power P L output to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the time integral of the value of the square of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical energy E L emitted to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can record the time delay of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL with respect to the modulation signal in the transmission signal S 5 as a phase shift Δt and open or close the second optically controllable switch T 2 as a function of this phase shift Δt. The document presented here refers in this context to the above-described exemplary backup function. In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV compares the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or a value derived therefrom with a threshold value and opens or closes the second optical switch T 2 as a function of the comparison result.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the line current I LTG in the line LTG is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial on the basis of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical power P L output to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the value of the time integral of the value of the square of the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL or of a polynomial based on the value of the phase shift Δt of the fluorescent radiation FL indicates that the value of the electrical energy E L emitted to the load resistor R L is above a permissible value.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can open the second optically controllable switch T 2 when the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command from a higher-order computer system RSYS to open the second optical switch T 2 via the external data bus EXTDB.For example, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV can close the second optically controllable switch T 2 if the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV receives a command from a higher-order computer system RSYS to close the second optical switch T 2 via the external data bus EXTDB.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 11 shows a schematic of FIG. 11FIG. 11 shows a step-down converter based on FIG. 9. the inductor inductance L D is inserted into the electrical line LTG downstream of the second optically controllable switch T2. This inductor inductance L D smoothes the electric line current I LTG in the electric line LTG. The back-up capacitor C fixes the load voltage V L with respect to the reference potential GND of the reference potential line. If the transmitting and evaluating device LIV opens the optically controllable second switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, the inductor L D drives the potential of the second connection B below the reference potential GND of the reference potential line and the freewheeling diode D F becomes conductive. The inductor inductance L D thus converts the magnetic field energy stored therein into a further charge of the back-up capacitor C. As a result, the load voltage across the load resistor R L rises further.Voltage RegulationPreferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects a reduced load voltage V Lm, via a voltage divider comprising a first resistor R 1 and a second resistor R 2 the voltage value of which represents a fraction [R 2 / ( R 1+ R 2)] of the voltage value of the load voltage V L.In the case of voltage regulation, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably regulates the load voltage V L as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L. In this case, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the reduced load voltage V L, and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, or the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L, are below a respective minimum voltage value.The resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M 1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or as a function of the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the amount of the load voltage V L.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M 1, in particular by means of controlling the duty cycle, as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V L, and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the load voltage V L.Current Regulation by Detecting the Fluorescence IntensityIn the case of current regulation, in a first variant, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably regulates the line current I LTG as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE. In this case, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum value. In this case, the document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL increases as the electric current increases. A reversal can only be achieved in the presence of a suitable, additionally superimposed bias magnetic field, for example a permanent magnet. In this case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented elsewhere.The resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum value.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 the duty cycle as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 the duty cycle as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum value.In this case, the document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases as the amount of current of the electric conduction current I LTG increases. If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is thus too high, the current amount of the electrical current I LTG i.e. typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved in the presence of a suitable, additionally superimposed bias magnetic field, for example a permanent magnet. In this case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented elsewhere.Current Regulation by Detecting the Phase Shift ΔtIn the case of current regulation, in a second variant, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably regulates the line current I LTG as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S5.In the case of current control in a second variant, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the line current I LTG in particular by controlling the duty cycle as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S5.In this case, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE deviates from a threshold value with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects. In this case, the phase shift Δt is typically greater for excessively small line currents I LTG than for excessively large line currents I LTG.The resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus preferably controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus depending on the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus depending on the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.The terminal ADCIN of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC typically serves to detect voltage values for use in generating control signals S 6 for the switching LED LED.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of FIG. 12FIG. 12 shows a step-down converter based on FIG. 10. This inductor inductance L D smoothes the electric line current I LTG in the electric line LTG. The back-up capacitor C fixes the load voltage V L with respect to the reference potential GND of the reference potential line. If the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV opens the optically controllable second switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, the inductor L D drives the potential of the second connection B below the reference potential GND of the reference potential line and the freewheeling diode D F becomes conductive. The inductor inductance L D thus converts the magnetic field energy stored therein into a further charge of the back-up capacitor C. As a result, the load voltage across the load resistor R L rises further.Computer core μC of transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably detects a reduced load voltage V Lm, via a voltage divider composed of a first resistor R 1 and a second resistor R 2 by means of multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC, the voltage value of which represents a fraction [R 2 / ( R 1+ R 2)] of the voltage value of load voltage V L.Case of Voltage ControlIn the case of voltage regulation, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably regulates the load voltage V L as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the magnitude of the load voltage V L. Here, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED LED if the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, or the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V Lm, are below a respective minimum voltage value.The resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M 1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or as a function of the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the amount of the load voltage V L.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the load voltage V L in particular by controlling the duty cycle, by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M 1, as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or as a function of the amount of the reduced load voltage V L, and / or depending on the load voltage V L and / or depending on the magnitude of the load voltage V L.Case of Current Control Depending on Fluorescence IntensityIn the case of current control, in a first variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the line current I LTG as a function of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or as a function of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE.In the case of current control in a first variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the line current I LTG in particular by controlling the duty cycle as a function of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or as a function of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC nv1 in the crystal or crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum intensity value. Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum intensity value. This switching on of the optically switchable switch T2 leads to an increase in the current of the line current I LTG. In this case, the document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases as the amount of current of the electric conduction current I LTG increases. If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is thus too high, the current amount of the electrical current I LTG i.e. typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved in the presence of a suitable, additionally superimposed bias magnetic field, for example a permanent magnet. In this case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented elsewhere.Resulting optical switching signalThe resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).Case of Current Control Depending on Fluorescence IntensityThe computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus preferably controls the captured value and / or the captured amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV captures, by means of controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Case of Current Control Depending on Phase Shift Δt of Fluorescence IntensityIn the case of current control in a second variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the line current I LTG as a function of the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S5 detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC. In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED if the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE deviates from a threshold value in relation to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC. In this case, the phase shift Δt is typically greater for excessively small line currents I LTG than for excessively large line currents I LTG.In the case of current control in a second variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably controls the line current I LTG in particular by controlling the duty cycle as a function of the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S5 captured by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC. In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED if the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE deviates from a threshold value in relation to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC. In this case, the phase shift Δt is typically greater for excessively small line currents I LTG than for excessively large line currents I LTG.Preferably, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV closes the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum value. This again increases the electric line current I LTG. In this case, the document presented here indicates that the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL typically decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL typically decreases as the current amount of the electric conduction current I LTG increases. If the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is thus too high, the current amount of the electrical current I LTG i.e. typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved in the presence of a suitable, additionally superimposed bias magnetic field, for example a permanent magnet. In this case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented elsewhere.Resulting optical switching signalThe resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).Case of Current Control Depending on Phase Shift Δt of Fluorescence IntensityThe computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, by means of controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus preferably controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus depending on the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus controls the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5 which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus depending on the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic center NV1 or the paramagnetic centers NV1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.The terminal ADCIN of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC typically serves to detect voltage values for use in generating control signals S 6 for the switching LED LED.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 13 shows a schematic of FIG. 13FIG. 13 again shows FIG. 8, wherein an exemplary, general and proposed measurement system MS 1 is marked, which is the basis of the devices shown in the preceding figures.With regard to the function of the exemplary measurement system MS 1, reference is made here to the preceding descriptions of the preceding figures.The second optically switchable switch T 2 may be connected on the side of the first terminal A or the side of the second terminal B. FIG. 13 shows an example in which the second optical switch T 2 is connected to the measurement system MS 1 on the side of the first terminal A, by way of example.The terminal ADCIN of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC typically serves to detect voltage values for use in generating control signals S 6 for the switching LED LED.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.It is thus essential that the control radiation wavelength of the control radiation SB of the control LED LED and the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the paramagnetic centers NV1 of the sensor element SE and the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL1 differ from one another.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the corresponding descriptions of the other, preceding, and corresponding figures.FIG. 14 shows a schematic of FIG. 14FIG. 14 shows the exemplary measurement system MS 1 of FIG. 13 without the optically switchable second switch T 2, wherein now a general proposed measurement system MS 1 is the basis of the devices illustrated in the preceding figures.The terminal ADCIN of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC typically serves to detect voltage values for use in generating control signals S 6 for the switching LED LED.Function of the barrierThe proposed device preferably has a barrier BA and / or a filter layer F 2 as a barrier BA and / or a second optical filter as a barrier BA, which prevents pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and from being able to interfere or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the optical filter F 1 prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from being able to reach the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S 0.For this purpose, the optical filter F 1 therefore preferably transmits electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and blocks transmission of electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.The proposed device preferably has fourth means (barrier BA, filter layer F 2, second optical filter) which prevent pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 from being able to reach the second, optically controllable switch T 2 and can interfere with or influence the switching state and / or switching operations of the second, optically controllable switch T 2.Preferably, the second means (F1) prevents switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED from reaching the photodetector PD and from disturbing or influencing the receiver output signal S0.Thus, the photodetector PD is ultimately preferably sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED.Thus, the second optical switch T 2 is ultimately sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation SB of the switching LED LED and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation LB of the pump radiation source PL 1 and insensitive to electromagnetic radiation of the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescence radiation FL of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 of the sensor element SE.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the corresponding descriptions of the other, preceding, and corresponding figures.FIG. 15 shows a schematic of FIG. 15FIG. 15 shows the device of FIG. 13, wherein the measuring system MS 1 corresponding to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIG. 13. As can be easily seen, this significantly simplifies the representation.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the corresponding descriptions of the other, preceding, and corresponding figures.FIG. 16 shows a schematic of FIG. 16FIG. 16 shows the device of FIG. 13 and FIG. 15, wherein now the measuring system MS 1 corresponding to FIG. 14 replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIG. 13 and wherein the optically controllable second switch T 2 is inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the corresponding descriptions of the other, preceding, and corresponding figures.FIG. 17 shows a schematic of FIG. 17FIG. 17 corresponds to FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 10 and 9. The measuring system MS1 is not shown in FIG. 10. The device parts of the measuring system MS 1 are, however, drawn in FIG. 10, so that a person skilled in the art can identify these device parts as the measuring system MS 1 without problems.In terms of properties, the document presented here refers to the descriptions of Figures 9 and 10.FIG. 18 shows a FIG. 18FIG. 18 corresponds to FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 10 and 9. The measuring system MS1 is not shown in FIG. 10. The device parts of the measuring system MS 1 are, however, drawn in FIG. 10, so that a person skilled in the art can identify these device parts as the measuring system MS 1 without problems. In contrast to FIG. 17, the optically controllable second switch T 2 is now inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B.In terms of properties, the document presented here refers to the descriptions of Figures 9 and 10.FIG. 19 shows a schematic view of FIG. 19FIG. 19 corresponds to a down converter of FIGS. 11 and 12, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 12 and 11. The measuring system MS1 is not shown in FIG. 12. The device parts of the measuring system MS 1 are, however, drawn in FIG. 12, so that a person skilled in the art can identify these device parts as the measuring system MS 1 without problems.In terms of properties, the document presented here refers to the descriptions of Figures 11 and 12.FIG. 20 shows a FIG. 20FIG. 20 corresponds to a down converter of FIGS. 11 and 12, wherein the measuring system MS 1 according to FIG. 14 now replaces the measuring system MS 1 of FIGS. 12 and 11. The measuring system MS1 is not shown in FIG. 12. The device parts of the measuring system MS 1 are, however, drawn in FIG. 12, so that a person skilled in the art can identify these device parts as the measuring system MS 1 without problems. In contrast to FIG. 19, the optically controllable second switch T 2 is now inserted into the line LTG on the side of the second connection B.In terms of properties, the document presented here refers to the descriptions of Figures 11 and 12.FIG. 21 shows 21FIG. 21 shows an exemplary upconverter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. The example voltage source V HV feeds the line current I LTG to the electrical line LTG. The inductor L D stabilizes the line current I LTG. If the computer core μC of the transmitting and driving device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 closes the optically controllable second switch T 2 by driving the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV, emitting control radiation SB through the switching LED LED, the output current I HV of the voltage source V HV flows through the inductor coil L D. If the computer core μC of the transmitting and driving device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 now opens the optically controllable second switch T 2 by means of switching off the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV while preventing the emission of control radiation SB by the switching LED LED, the inductor L D forces a further current flow of the output current I HV of the voltage source V HV. This raises the potential of the anode of the free wheeling diode D F and the free wheeling diode D F starts conducting. As a result, the electric current I flows in LTG and charges the back-up capacitor C.Voltage RegulationIn the case of voltage regulation, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the magnitude of the load voltage V L. Here, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of which the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, if the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, or the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L, are below a respective minimum voltage value.In the case of voltage regulation, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L in particular by means of regulation of the duty cycle as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V L, and / or as a function of the magnitude of the load voltage V L. Here, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of which the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, if the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, or the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the magnitude of the load voltage V L, are below a respective minimum voltage value.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M 1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or as a function of the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the amount of the load voltage V L.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measuring system M 1 in dependence on the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or in dependence on the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V L, and / or in dependence on the load voltage V L and / or in dependence on the magnitude of the load voltage V L.Resulting optical switching signalThe resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).The terminal ADCIN of the multi-channel analog-to-digital converter ADC typically serves to detect voltage values for use in generating control signals S 6 for the switching LED LED.With respect to the other apparatus parts, the document presented herein refers to the descriptions of the other, preceding and corresponding figures.FIG. 22FIG. 22 likewise shows an exemplary upconverter with a proposed measurement system MS 1. The back-up capacitor C is now located on the side of the first connection A of the measurement system MS 1. As a result, the electrical discharge current of the supporting capacitors C flows through the measuring system MS 1 and can influence the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 of the crystal or the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE of the measuring system MS 1 by the magnetic field generated by it. This also makes it possible to build up current regulation. The example voltage source V HV feeds the line current I LTG to the electrical line LTG. The inductor L D stabilizes the line current I LTG. If the computer core μC of the transmitting and driving device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 closes the optically controllable second switch T 2 by driving the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV, emitting control radiation SB through the switching LED LED, the output current I HV of the voltage source V HV flows through the inductor coil L D. If the computer core μC of the transmitting and driving device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 now opens the optically controllable second switch T 2 by means of switching off the switching LED LED by the switching LED driver DRV while preventing the emission of control radiation SB by the switching LED LED, the inductor L D forces a further current flow of the output current I HV of the voltage source V HV. This raises the potential of the anode of the free wheeling diode D F and the free wheeling diode D F starts conducting. As a result, the electric current I flows in LTG and charges the back-up capacitor C.Voltage RegulationIn the case of voltage regulation, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the magnitude of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the magnitude of the load voltage V L. Here, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably switches on the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of which the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED, if the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the load voltage V L, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and / or the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or the amount of the load voltage V L are below a respective minimum voltage value.Resulting optical switching signalThe resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle). The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably regulates the load voltage V L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED of the measuring system M 1 as a function of the reduced load voltage V Lm, which in this case falls across the second voltage divider resistor R 2 of the voltage divider comprising the first voltage divider resistor R 1 and the second voltage divider resistor R 2, or as a function of the amount of the reduced load voltage V Lm and / or as a function of the load voltage V L and / or as a function of the amount of the load voltage V L.Case of Current Control Depending on Fluorescence IntensityIn the case of current control, in a first variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the line current I LTG as a function of the value detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE.In the case of current control in a first variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the line current I LTG in particular by controlling the duty cycle as a function of the value detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE.In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches off the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED if the detected value (measured value) of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects is above a minimum value. This switching off of the optically switchable switch T 2 leads to an increase in the current of the line current I LTG. In this case, the document presented here indicates that the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases with increasing magnitude of the magnetic flux density. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL decreases as the amount of current of the electric conduction current I LTG increases. If the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL is thus too high, the current amount of the electrical current I LTG i.e. typically too low. A reversal can only be achieved in the presence of a suitable, additionally superimposed bias magnetic field, for example a permanent magnet. In this case, the switching behavior would have to be implemented elsewhere.Resulting optical switching signalThe resulting optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a pulse-modulated optical signal. Particularly preferably, the optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is, in effect, a PWM-modulated optical signal or a pulse-modulated optical signal functionally equivalent to this optical signal. The optical switching signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 is preferably a PWM-modulated optical signal having a preferably present PWM period with a duty cycle (duty cycle).Case of Current Control Depending on Fluorescence IntensityThe computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the captured value and / or the captured amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV captures, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 controls the detected value and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by means of controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE through which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the load current I L, which flows through the measurement system M 1 via the line LTG.The computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE.Preferably, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 thus controls the detected value and / or the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or the sensor elements SE that the transmitting and evaluating device LIV detects, in particular by means of controlling the duty cycle, and thus the load current I L by means of the optically modulated signal of the control radiation SB of the switching LED LED of the measurement system M 1 as a function of the detected value and / or of the detected amount of the value of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE, which the transmitting and evaluating device LIV and thus as a function of the magnetic flux density at the location of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE.Case of Current Control Depending on Phase Shift Δt of Fluorescence IntensityIn the case of current control in a second variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the line current I LTG as a function of the value detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or of the detected amount of the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5.In the case of current control in a second variant, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV of the measuring system MS 1 preferably controls the line current I LTG in particular by means of control of the duty cycle as a function of the value detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC and / or of the detected amount of the value of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic center NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centers NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5.In this case, the computer core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV preferably switches off the second optically switchable switch T 2 by means of the switching LED driver DRV and the switching LED LED if the captured value (measurement value) and / or the captured amount of the value (measurement value) of the phase shift Δt of the modulation signal of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor element SE or of the sensor elements SE with respect to the modulation signal of the transmission signal S 5, the processing core μC of the transmitting and evaluating device LIV is detected by means of the multichannel analog-to-digital converter ADC, deviating from a threshold value. In this case, the phase shift Δt is typically greater for excessively small line currents I LTG (=Ausschalten of T2) than for excessively large line currents I LTG(= switching on of T2). The transmitting and evaluating device LIV therefore preferably opens the second optically switchable switch T 2 if the detected value (measured value) of the phase shift Δt of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation FL of the paramagnetic centre NV 1 or of the paramagnetic centres NV 1 in the crystal or in the crystals of the sensor ele...

Claims

measuring head, wherein the measuring head has an insulating body (IK) and a first end fitting (EB1) and a second end fitting (EB2), and wherein the first end fitting (EB1) is mechanically connected to the insulating body (IK), and wherein the second end fitting (EB2) is mechanically connected to the insulating body (IK), and wherein the insulating body (IK) spatially separates the first end fitting (EB1) from the second end fitting (EB2), and wherein the insulating body has ribs (RI), and wherein the insulating body (IK) electrically separates the first end fitting (EB1) from the second end fitting (EB2) with an electrical resistance >0.5 GΩ and / or >1 GΩ and / or >1 tω, and wherein the first end fitting (EB1) has fastening means (BFE) for a line (LTG) for fastening the first end fitting (EB1) to the line (LTG), and characterized in characterized in the measuring head having one or more sensor elements (SE), and the respective sensor element (SE) comprising a respective carrier material (TM), and the respective sensor element (SE) comprising one or more respective crystals, and the measuring head having one or more first optical waveguides (LWL1), and the measuring head having one or more second optical waveguides (LWL2), each of which may be identical to a respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) of the first optical waveguides (LWL1), and in that one or more of these crystals of the respective sensor element (SE) each comprise one or more paramagnetic centers (NV1) for each sensor element (SE), and in that the respective sensor elements (SE) are mechanically connected to the first end fitting (EB1) each, and in that the first end fitting (EB1) has fastening means (BFE) for fastening the line (LTG) to the first end fitting (EB1), and / or in that the first end fitting (EB1) is configured with these fastening means (BFE) to ensure a respective fixed and respectively defined respective geometric relationship between the respective sensor element (SE) of the sensor elements (SE) and the line (LTG), and that the second end fitting (EB2) has respective means for the respective fastening of the respective first optical waveguides (LWL1) to the second end fitting (EB2) and / or that the second end fitting (EB2) has respective means for the respective introduction of the respective first optical waveguides (LWL1) into the insulating body (IK), and that the second end fitting (EB2) has respective means for the respective fastening of the respective second optical waveguides (LWL2) to the second end fitting (EB2), and / or that the second end fitting (EB2) has respective means for the introduction of the respective second optical waveguides (LWL2) into the insulating body (IK), and that the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) of the first optical waveguide Optical waveguide (LWL1) is guided in each case within the insulating body (IK) from the second end fitting (EB2) to the first end fitting (EB1) in an electrically insulated manner, and in that the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) of the second optical waveguides (LWL2) is guided in each case within the insulating body (IK) in an electrically insulated manner from the second end fitting (EB2) to the first end fitting (EB1), and in that the first end fitting (EB1) has respective means for the respective fastening of the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) of the first optical waveguides (LWL1) to the first end fitting (EB1), and / or in that the first end fitting (EB1) has respective means for the respective design of the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) of the first optical waveguides (LWL1) from the insulating body (IK), and that the first end fitting (EB1) has respective means for the respective fastening of the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) of the second optical waveguides (LWL2) to the first end fitting (EB1), and / or that the first end fitting (EB1) has respective means for the respective design of the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) of the second optical waveguides (LWL2) from the insulating body (IK), and that the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) is fastened to the first end fitting (EB1), and that the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) is fastened to the first end fitting, respectively (EB1), and that the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) is each configured to detect respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE), and that the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) is each configured to guide respective pumping radiation (LB) through the insulating body (IK) to the respective sensor element (SE), and that the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) is each configured to irradiate the respective sensor element (SE) with respective pumping radiation (LB), and in that the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) emit the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective sensor element (SE) during the respective irradiation with respective pump radiation (LB), said fluorescent radiation depending on the respective magnetic flux density B at the respective location of the respective sensor element (SE), and in that the respective sensor element (SE) is fastened in this way to the first end fitting (EB1) or a line section of the line (LTG), that the respective emission of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) by the respective sensor element (SE) depends on the current amount of the line current (I LTG) in the line (LTG) in a respective manner, and that the respective carrier material (TM) of the respective sensor element (SE) comprises the respective crystals of the respective sensor element (SE), and that the respective carrier material (TM) of the sensor element (SE) is substantially transparent in each case for respective electromagnetic radiation of the respective pump radiation wavelength of the respective pump radiation (LB) for the respective excitation of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE), and that the respective carrier material (TM) of the respective sensor element (SE) is substantially transparent in each case for respective ones The fluorescent radiation of the respective fluorescent radiation wavelength of the fluorescent radiation (LB) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) is substantially transparent in each case.The measurement head according to claim 1, wherein crystals in a sensor element (SE) of the one or more sensor elements (SE) comprise diamond crystals and wherein the diamond crystals comprise NV-centers and / or SiV-centers and / or TiV-centers and / or GeV-centers and / or SnV-centers and / or NiN4-centers and / or PbV-centers and / or ST1-centers and / or TR1-centers and / or L2-centers as paramagnetic centers (NV1).The measurement head according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the measurement head comprises one or more magnetic circuits (MK).The measuring head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the measuring head is configured such that an electrical current flow of a line current (I LTG) in a first line section of the line (LTG) feeds a respective magnetic excitation (H LTG) in the one magnetic circuit (MK) and / or the magnetic circuits (MK), and wherein one or more magnetic circuits (MK) of the one or more magnetic circuits (MK) each have a respective air gap (ag) and wherein one or more respective sensor elements (SE) is located in one or more air gaps (ag) of a respective sub-magnetic circuit of the respective magnetic circuit (MK), wherein the respective magnetic sub-circle can be identical to that of the respective magnetic circle (MK), but need not be.The measurement head according to claim 4, wherein only a part of the respective magnetic flux (φ LTG), which the respective magnetic excitation (H LTG) causes in the respective one or more magnetic circuits (MK), causes a respective smaller respective partial magnetic flux (φ ag) in the respective air gap (ag).Measuring head according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the first end fitting (EB1) has a weather cap and / or a hood (HB), and wherein the weather cap or the hood (HB) encloses the first end fitting (EB1) apart from openings for the insulation body (IK) and the optical waveguides (LWL1, LWL2) and the line (LTG).Measuring head according to claim 6, wherein the weather cap or the hood (HB) is light-tight and / or watertight and / or splash-proof and / or rain-proof and / or dust-proof and / or internally condensation-proof.The measurement head according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the weather cap (HB) comprises an electrically conductive material so as to form a Faraday cage around the one or more sensor elements (SE).Measuring head according to claim 8, wherein the weather cap or hood (HB) is configured to be electrically connected to the line (LTG) and / or an electrically conductive fastening means (BFE) for the line (LTG).The measurement head according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the weather cap or hood (HB) has an outer surface coated with or protected by an electrically insulating material.The measuring head according to claim 10, wherein said electrically insulating material of the outer surface comprises rubber and / or plastic and / or other weather-resistant and preferably electrically insulating materials.The measuring head according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the weather cap or hood (HB) comprises a soft magnetic material for shielding the one or more sensor elements (SE) from magnetic fields of other lines.Measuring head according to one of Claims 1 to 12, wherein the second end fitting (EB2) has connection terminals.The measuring head according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the measuring head comprises a barrier (BA) and / or a filter layer (F2) and / or a second optical filter and / or fourth means, which prevent electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the sensor element (SE) from influencing and / or disturbing the state of the second optically controllable switch (T2) and that electromagnetic radiation with the pump radiation wavelength of the pump radiation (LB) of the pump radiation (PL1) of the pump radiation source (PL1) influences and / or disturbing the state of the second optically controllable switch (T2), and which permit, that electromagnetic radiation having the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation (SB) of the switching LED (LED) reaches the second optically controllable switch (T 2) and can change the state of the second optically controllable switch (T 2).The measurement head according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the measurement head comprises an optical filter (F1), and wherein the optical filter (F1) prevents - electromagnetic radiation having the switching radiation wavelength of the switching radiation (SB) of the switching LED (LED) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or interfere or influence the receiver output signal (S0), and - electromagnetic radiation having the pumping radiation wavelength of the pumping radiation (LB) of the pumping radiation source (PL1) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or interfere or influence the receiver output signal (S0), and wherein the optical filter (F1) allows, that electromagnetic radiation with the fluorescence radiation wavelength of the fluorescence radiation (FL) of the paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the sensor element (SE) can reach the photodetector (PD) and / or interfere or influence the receiver output signal (S0).Measuring device with a measuring head according to one of Claims 1 to 15 and with one or more pump radiation sources (PL1) which are each assigned to one or more sensor elements (SE), and with one or more photodetectors (PD)) which are each assigned to one or more sensor elements (SE), and with one or more means (F1) which are each assigned to one or more sensor elements (SE), for separating the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respectively assigned sensor element (SE) on the one hand from the respective pump radiation (LB) which excites paramagnetic centres (NV1) of sensor elements (SE), on the other hand and with a transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) and with a data interface (DBINF), wherein the respective pump radiation source (PL1), which is respectively assigned to a respective sensor element (SE), is configured to generate pump radiation (LB) for exciting respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respectively assigned sensor element (SE) as a function of a respective transmission signal (S5), and wherein the respective pump radiation source (PL1) is respectively configured to feed the respectively generated respective pump radiation (LB) into the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1), which is assigned to the respective sensor element (SE), and wherein the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2), which is assigned to the respective sensor element (SE), each is configured to transport respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) to the respective photodetector (PD) associated with the respective sensor element (SE), and wherein the respective means (F1) associated with the respective sensor element (SE) for respective separation of the respective fluorescence radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) from the pump radiation (LB) are each configured to substantially prevent pump radiation (LB) from reaching the respective photodetector (PD), and wherein the respective photodetector (PD) associated with the respective sensor element (SE) is each configured to prevent pump radiation (LB) from reaching the respective photodetector (PD), respectively, the respective received respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) is converted into a respective receiver output signal (S0) which is associated with the respective sensor element (SE), and wherein the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to generate the respective transmission signal (S5)) which is associated with the respective sensor element (SE), and wherein the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to process the respective receiver output signal (S0) in each case and to generate in each case one or more respective measured values and / or respective temporal measured value sequences of respective measured values in respective dependence on the respective receiver output signal (S0), and wherein the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to process the respective receiver output signal (S0) in each case, via the data interface (DBINF), to output one or more respective measured values and / or respective temporal measured value sequences of respective measured values and / or values and / or value sequences derived therefrom, or to provide one or more respective measured values and / or respective temporal measured value sequences of respective measured values and / or values and / or value sequences derived therefrom via the data interface (DBINF) for access.Optically controllable switching device, wherein the optically controllable switching device comprises a measuring head according to one of claims 1 to 15 and / or a measuring device according to claim 16, and wherein the line (LTG) comprises a first line section and wherein the line (LTG) comprises a second line section which is different from the first line section and does not overlap, and wherein the optically controllable switching device comprises an optically controllable switch (T2), and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is positioned in the line (LTG) between the first line section and the second line section, and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is configured to electrically connect the first line section of the line (LTG) to the second line section of the line (LTG) in an "on" state, and wherein the optically controllable switch (T2) is configured to electrically separate the first line section of the line (LTG) from the second line section of the line (LTG) in an "off" state, and wherein an optical switching signal (SB) determines which of these two states, "on" state or "off" state, the optically controllable switch (T2) assumes, characterized in that the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to generate the optical switching signal (SB) and to control the state of the optically controllable switch (T2) with this optical switching signal (SB), and that the optical switching signal (SB) depends - on one or more respective measured values and / or - on respective temporal measured value sequences of respective measured values and / or - on one or more values derived from these and / or - on one or more value sequences derived from these.Optically controllable switching device according to claim 17, wherein - one or more respective measurement values and / or - one or more respective temporal measurement value sequences of respective measurement values depend on the intensity of the fluorescent radiation (FL) and / or wherein - one or more respective measurement values and / or - one or more respective temporal measurement value sequences of respective measurement values depend on the phase shift Δt of the first modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the fluorescent radiation (FL) with respect to the second modulation signal of the temporal profile of the intensity of the pumping radiation (LB) or with respect to a signal (e.g. transmission signal (S5)) associated with this signal.Optically controllable switching device according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective intensities of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respective sensor elements (SE) and / or on one or more respective phase shifts Δt of the respective first modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respective sensor elements (SE) with respect to the respective second modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective pumping radiation (LB) which irradiates the respective paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE), or in relation to a respective signal (e.g. respective transmission signal (S5)) associated with this respective signal.Optically controllable switching device according to one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to transmit one or more respective values (measurement values) and / or one or more respective measurement value sequence of respective measurement values for the respective intensity of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor elements (SE) and / or for the respective temporal phase shift Δt of the respective first modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) in relation to the respective second modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective pump radiation (LB), on the one hand, the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) are irradiated or determined with respect to a respective signal (e.g. respective transmission signal (S5)) associated with this respective signal.Optically controllable switching device according to claim 20, wherein the respective intensity of the respective optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective values (measured values) and / or one or more respective measured value sequences of respective measured values and / or that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the one or more squared respective values (measured values) and / or one or more respective measured value sequences of respective squared measured values and / or that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the one or more squared and then respectively temporally integrated respective values (measured values) and / or one or more respective measured value sequences respectively temporally integrated respective squared measured values and / or that the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on the one or more squared and then respectively temporally integrated respective values (measured values) minus a respective respectively temporally integrated respective offset value and / or one or more respective measured value sequences measuring value sequences each time integrated respective squared measuring values each less a respective time integrated respective offset value, wherein respective negative values are each not permitted and are each reset again to a respective zero, if a respective zero is in each case undershot or would in each case be undershot, and / or if the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on the basis of respective values (measured values) and / or on one or more respective measured value sequences of respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on the basis of respective values (measured values), and / or if the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on the basis of respective values (measured values) and integrated in time, and / or on one or more respective measured value sequences of respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on the basis of respective values (measured values) and integrated in time, and / or if the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on respective values (measured values) and integrated in time, and / or if the intensity of the optical switching signal (SB) depends on one or more respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial values calculated by respective polynomials calculated on the basis of respective values (measurement values) and integrated in time minus a respective offset value integrated in time and / or one or more respective measurement value sequences of respective polynomial values calculated by means of a respective polynomial on the basis of respective values (measurement values) and integrated in time minus a respective offset value integrated in time.Optically controllable switching device according to one of Claims 17 to 21, wherein the respective sensor element (SE) is electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) with a respective insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or of more than 10 MΩ and / or of more than 100 MΩ and / or of more than 1 GΩ and / or of more than 100 GΩ and / or of more than 1 TΩ and wherein the respective optically controllable switch (T2) is electrically insulated from the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) with an insulation resistance of more than 1 MΩ and / or of more than 10 MΩ and / or of more than 100 MΩ and / or of more than 1 GΩ and / or of more than 10 GΩ and / or of more than 100 GΩ and / or of more than 1 tω is isolated from the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV), and wherein the respective first optical waveguide (LWL1) and the respective second optical waveguide (LWL2) associated with the respective sensor element (SE) are configured to optically couple the respective sensor element (SE) to the respective pump radiation source (PL1) that irradiates the respective paramagnetic centers of the respective sensor element, respectively, and / or to the respective photodetector (PD) associated with the respective sensor element without degrading the respective electrical isolation, such that the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) can irradiate the respective at least one and / or the respective plurality of paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) with respective pumping radiation (LB) in a temporally modulated manner by means of the respective pumping radiation source (PL1), and the respective intensity of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective parametric centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) and / or the respective phase shift Δt of the respective first modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective fluorescent radiation (FL) of the respective paramagnetic centers (NV1) of the respective sensor element (SE) with respect to the respective second modulation signal of the respective temporal profile of the respective intensity of the respective pumping radiation (LB), which irradiates the paramagnetic centres (NV1) of the sensor element (SE) or can respectively detect and respectively evaluate with respect to a respective signal (e.g. respective transmission signal (S5)) respectively connected to this respective signal, optionally with the aid of the respective photodetector (PD) assigned to the sensor element (SE), and wherein the optically controllable switching device has at least one further optical waveguide (LWL3) which is configured to optically connect the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) to the optically controllable switch (T2) without degrading the electrical insulation, such that the transmitting and evaluating device (LIV) is configured to optically control the optically controllable switch (T2) via the further optical waveguide (LWL3).

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