Roof covering element for energy generation

Abstract

The invention relates to a roof covering element 1 for energy generation, consisting of a shaped body with energy-producing features. To achieve optimal energy generation, the shaped body has at least one raised protrusion 6 on the upwardly oriented surface 8 with an access opening 9 oriented toward the eaves, which is intended to receive and install the energy-producing features. Power generation by photovoltaic elements 11 and power generators 10 enables power generation even beyond the nighttime hours. In addition, the thermal energy generated by heating the roof covering elements is conducted to a heat exchanger by a cooling medium in hollow bodies 13, so that this thermal energy can also be utilized during the day, for example, to heat domestic water.

Description

The invention relates to a roof covering element for energy generation, consisting of a shaped body with energy-producing equipment elements and a method for energy generation.Roof covering elements are known in the form of tiles and tiles and serve for covering a roof surface, provided that the latter has a sufficient angle of inclination for the water masses which occur as a result of rainfall to run off. The known roof tiles in the form of concrete blocks or clay pans have, for example, a wave shape which is formed in an S-shaped manner and is equipped with a depression and an elevation. In addition, roof tiles are known which are of flat construction in the central region and are provided on one longitudinal side with a curvature which serves to overlap adjacent roof tiles. For this purpose, the opposite side of the roof tile running parallel has one or more grooves in which webs formed on the underside of the roof tiles engage. These webs are located below the curvature, the curvatures present in the lower edge region of the roof tile being closed for overlapping and enabling the water to run off on the roof tiles located below. On the opposite narrow side, a contact surface is formed which is optionally equipped with a raised edge and is provided for the contact of the next higher roof tile. In this way, a roof is completely covered with a continuous run-off of the rainwater.Since as a rule very large roof surfaces are present, which may be interrupted only by roof windows, these are very well suited for generating energy. In most cases, photovoltaic modules are fixed above the roof tiles with the aid of fastening rails, wherein the rails themselves are fastened to the rafters with the aid of hooks and it is ensured that the rainwater can run off by covering the roof tiles. The individual photovoltaic modules are placed on the fastening rails and screwed together, so that after appropriate cabling, current can be generated with the aid of the solar energy and the latter is either fed into a superordinate network, provided for self-consumption or used within the house for charging batteries.Alternatively, it is possible to equip individual roof tiles with smaller photovoltaic modules which are electrically connected to one another. In addition, the roof tiles and photovoltaic modules are heated in the event of intense solar radiation and this thermal heating can also be used. For example, media-carrying pipes can be laid under the roof tiles, wherein water is generally used as the medium. The water heated in this way can be supplied to an existing heating system, for example, via a heat exchanger and can be used in particular for the warm water treatment. As a rule, there is a reservoir for the hot water supply, the contents of which reservoir are heated to a desired temperature with the aid of the heating system. In this respect, the heat exchanger makes it possible to use the waste heat of the medium in order to keep the water reservoir at temperature or to heat it up.The aim here is to achieve the greatest possible power generation, but the aim is not achieved in most cases.In order to increase the energy yield, the present application is based on the object of managing optimum energy generation from a roof surface.To achieve the object, it is provided that the shaped body has on the surface oriented upward at least one raised formation with an access opening oriented in the direction of the cluster, which is provided for receiving and bearing the energy-producing equipment elements. Further embodiments of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims.The invention provides raised formations which rise from the level of the roof tile, these additional formations having an access opening which is arranged in the direction of the eaves. The additional formations are provided for receiving and bearing the energy-producing equipment element. In this case, there is the possibility that a part of the energy-producing elements above the roof tile is guided over the shaping and, on the other hand, further energy-producing equipment elements are installed in the shaping, which can be installed in the available access opening. In this way, it is thus possible to arrange photovoltaic elements above the roof tile and the shaping and to arrange below the shaping, for example, a current generator which is driven by the ascending air flow.In order to prevent moisture from accumulating below the tiles, the roof surfaces are provided with openings to ensure adequate ventilation. For this reason, the roof tiles are fastened to roof battens which have a corresponding spacing from the further roof insulation, inlet and outlet openings being arranged both on the top edge and in the ridge region. In the present case, there is additionally the possibility that, as a result of the shaping with an access opening, an ascending air flow reaches along the roof surface through the access opening below the roof surface, wherein these on the one hand serve for better rear ventilation but advantageously also for generating energy by the action of the current generators, which are each equipped with a wind turbine which is located directly behind the access opening. The air flow drives the wind turbine and thus the generator, which supplies the desired current.The present invention thus enables dual energy generation on the one hand by solar radiation and on the other hand by an air flow sliding over the roof surface, which air flow is conducted as rear ventilation under the roof tiles and is used for driving the power generators. The advantage of the current generators is that current can still be generated by means of the current generators after the sun has been immersed. Each individual roof tile of the roof covering can be equipped in this manner, but likewise only partial regions of the roof surface can be equipped with the roof covering elements according to the invention in order to produce a sufficient amount of current.In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that two or three formations are provided for each roof covering element, whereby the number of generators is increased and the covering surface is increased. In this case, it is furthermore provided that the shaping consists of a round curvature which is connected integrally to the shaped body. Roof tiles of this type can thus be produced in the desired shape in one operation.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one shaping has a streamline shape which tapers rearwardly starting from the lower edge of the shaped body, so that the air stream can flow past each shaping, wherein a single or even number of shapings is aligned on the lower edge and an odd number of shapings are arranged alternately on the lower edge and offset with respect to this lower edge. The shaped bodies provided in this case have, as is customary in the case of roof tiles, a lateral and rear covering region.In a further special embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the underside of the molded body is equipped with a cooling surface or a coolant-carrying hollow body. In order to be able to utilize the thermal energy as well, the molded bodies are equipped with a cooling surface or a coolant-carrying hollow body. Such cooling surfaces or hollow bodies can be attached below the molded body or can be embedded in the molded body. If the hollow bodies are coolant-carrying hollow bodies, wherein water is used, for example, the latter can be circulated to a heat exchanger in order to supply the temperature of the water, for example, to an in-house pipe system or to a water reservoir. In this way, it is thus possible to provide an additional warm water supply inside the building by means of the heated water and the heat exchanger, whereby energy savings can likewise be achieved.For generating energy from solar radiation, the molded body and the molding are covered with an elastic photovoltaic element, which can be adapted to the existing shape and not only offers an enlarged area for the photovoltaic modules, but also makes possible different alignments of the photovoltaic modules due to the molding, so that solar radiation can be utilized over the course of the day both in the morning hours and in the evening hours.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the photovoltaic elements and current generators of adjacent molded bodies are at least partially electrically connected to one another, and / or that the hollow bodies of adjacent molded bodies are at least partially fluidically connected to one another. By connecting the photovoltaic elements to one another and likewise to the current generators, the obtained current can be fed directly into the domestic supply by means of individual feed lines for consumption, but can optionally also be used for charging batteries in order to enable supply even in the night hours. The connection of the adjacent hollow bodies to one another likewise serves for supplying the heated medium, for example water, to the heat exchanger, so that the thermal heat can likewise be used over the entire circumference.To solve the method problem, a method for generating energy is provided, wherein the roof covering element is used with photovoltaic elements, current generators and / or medium-carrying hollow bodies, whereinthe generated current from the photovoltaic elements and current generators is supplied to a storage element or is used for supplying energy in a building, wherein the current generators are driven by the ascending air current which flows over the surface of the molded body, andthe medium flowing through the hollow bodies is used for cooling the shaped bodies and / or photovoltaic elements and the waste heat is supplied to a heat exchanger or store.The method provides for energy generation by utilizing solar radiation and the wind-driven power generators, wherein the thermal energy generation is obtained by heating the roof covering elements and absorbing the medium into the hollow body. This is the waste heat of the molded bodies and photovoltaic elements. With the aid of the heating of the medium guided in the hollow bodies which occurs as a result, this thermal energy can be used. Water can be used as the medium, for example, so that commercially available heat exchangers can be used. In this case, it is readily possible for all three energy generation possibilities to be used simultaneously or, if appropriate, individually or in combinations of two.The present invention is based on the particular advantage that it is possible with the aid of a roof covering element to generate current from the solar radiation, but likewise by wind which occurs and which rises along the roof inclination, and to provide a thermal energy recovery by the incident solar radiation with simultaneous heating of the roof covering elements and likewise of the photovoltaic installations, which may be fed to a heat exchanger. In this way, the generation of energy of an existing roof surface is exploited to the maximum and leads to a very good self-supply of a building both with regard to the power requirement and the heat requirement.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.It shows FIG. 1 shows three views of a roof covering element according to the invention with an additional formation, and FIG. 2 shows a further roof element in three views with a total of three formations.FIG. 1 shows a top view and two side views of a roof covering element 1 in a rectangular configuration having two longitudinal sides 2, 3 and two transverse sides 4, 5. The roof covering element 1 in the embodiment shown can in this respect comprise any desired edge elements, wherein essentially an additional formation 6 is present in this embodiment variant. The shaping 6 adjoins the lower transverse side 5 with its dimensions and has a streamline shape which, starting from the transverse side 5, tapers towards the rear in the direction of the transverse side 4. In this exemplary embodiment, the formation 6 is arranged symmetrically on the roof covering element 1. The longitudinal sides 2, 3 and transverse sides 4, 5 here delimit a roof surface 8.From a first side view it can be seen that the shaped portion 6 is formed in a streamline shape towards the rear and the rear end 7 runs out on the roof surface 8.In a further side view with regard to the shaped portion 6, the shaped portion is visible, namely the shaped portion 6 not only has a streamline shape, but also a rounded curvature which is formed integrally with the roof covering element. Furthermore, the shaped portion 6 has an access opening 9 on the lower transverse side 5, which is provided for receiving a current generator 10. The air flowing over the roof covering can in this case penetrate through the access opening 9 into the shaped portion 6 and serves on the one hand for better behind ventilation of the roof covering, but essentially for driving the power generators 10 for power generation. A photovoltaic element 11 is applied over the entire surface of the roof covering element 1, which extends over the shape of the shaping 6 on account of its elasticity. Wiring of the photovoltaic element 11 to adjacent elements is not shown in this case.The roof covering element 1 has hollow bodies 13 in the planar main body 12, through which a medium, for example water, flows in order to cool the shaped body of the roof covering element 1, wherein the waste heat can be discharged to a hot water store via a heat exchanger.FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a roof element 1' which has a similar structure with two longitudinal sides 20, 21 and two transverse sides 22, 23. A photovoltaic element 25 is likewise arranged on the rectangular surface 24, wherein the photovoltaic element 25 extends over three shown formations 26, 27, 28 in this exemplary embodiment shown.In a first side view with a connecting line A-A, there is a section through a formation 26 which serves to receive a current generator 29. The two further formations 27, 28 are likewise provided for receiving a current generator, wherein the three formations 26, 27, 28 each have an access opening 30, 31, 32 on the input side. Integrated in each of the formations 26, 27, 28 is a current generator 29, 33, 34 with an impeller. In this exemplary embodiment, too, a wiring of the photovoltaic elements 25 is not shown.In this exemplary embodiment, the molded body is provided with a hollow body 35 embedded in the molded body, through which a medium, for example water, flows in order to cool the roof covering elements 1' heated by solar radiation and to supply the heat obtained in this case to a heat exchanger, not shown. In this case too, the hollow bodies 35 of adjacent roof covering elements 1' are connected to one another in order to form a closed system which leads to the heat exchanger.List of reference characters1 Roof covering element 2 longitudinal side 3 longitudinal side 4 transverse side 5 transverse side 6 shaped portion 7 rear end 8 roof surface 9 access opening 10 current generator 11 photovoltaic element 12 base body 13 hollow body 20 longitudinal side 21 longitudinal side 22 transverse side 23 transverse side 24 rectangular surface 25 photovoltaic element 26 shaped portion 27 shaped portion 28 shaped portion 29 current generator 30 access opening 31 access opening 32 access opening 33 current generator 34 current generator

Claims

Roof covering element (1, 1') for generating energy, comprising a shaped body with energy-producing equipment elements, characterized in that the shaped body has, on the upwardly oriented surface (8), at least one raised formation (6, 26, 27, 28) with an access opening (9, 30, 31, 32) which is oriented in the direction of the eaves and is provided for receiving and bearing the energy-producing equipment features.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to Claim 1, characterized in that two or three formations (6, 26, 27, 28) are provided for each roof covering element (1, 1').Roof covering element (1, 1') according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one shaped portion (6, 26, 27, 28) consists of a round curvature which is connected integrally to the shaped portion.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the at least one formation (6, 26, 27, 28) has a streamline shape which tapers towards the rear starting from the lower edge of the shaped body.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a single or even number of formations (6, 26, 27, 28) are aligned on the lower edge and an odd number of formations (6, 26, 27, 28) are arranged alternately on the lower edge and offset with respect to this lower edge.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shaped body has a lateral and rear covering region, as is customary in the case of a roof tile.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the underside of the shaped body is fitted with a cooling surface or a coolant-carrying hollow body (13).Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a hollow body (13) which conducts cooling medium is embedded in the shaped body.Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shaped body and the shaping (6, 26, 27, 28) are covered with an elastic photovoltaic element (11, 25).Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the shaped portion (6, 26, 27, 28) is provided for receiving a current generator (10, 29, 33, 34).Roof covering element (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the photovoltaic elements (11, 25) and current generators (10, 29, 33, 34) of adjacent shaped bodies are at least partially electrically connected to one another, and / or in that the hollow bodies (13) of adjacent shaped bodies are at least partially fluidically connected to one another.Method for generating energy by a roof covering element (1, 1') having photovoltaic elements (11, 25), power generators (10, 29, 33, 34) and / or medium-carrying hollow bodies (13), wherein - the generated current from the photovoltaic elements (11, 25) and power generators (10, 29, 33, 34) is supplied to a storage element or used for supplying energy in a building, wherein the power generators (10, 29, 33, 34) are driven by the ascending air stream which flows over the surface of the shaped bodies, and - the medium flowing through the hollow bodies (13) is used for cooling the shaped bodies and / or photovoltaic elements (11, 25) and the waste heat is supplied to a heat exchanger or store.

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