Germicidal-protected filter materials and filter systems for the adsorption of carbon dioxide and their use for the purification of air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses, and methods for the adsorption of carbon dioxide

Abstract

(A) an adsorbent material for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, selected from the group consisting of weakly basic anion exchangers in hydroxide form containing primary amino groups, strongly basic anion exchangers in hydroxide form and the supported alkali carbonates sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and / or potassium carbonate, (B) platelet-shaped biocidal metal microparticles or flakes of a medium particle size d fixed on and / or in the adsorbent material (A) and / or on and / or in a carrier material (D) 50 from 0.6 µm to >1,000 µm, wherein the fixed flakes are present in such an amount that the absorption capacity of the adsorber material (A) for carbon dioxide is reduced to at most 1% to 50% of the absorption capacity of the adsorber material (A) free of fixed flakes, and (C) a polymer and / or adhesive matrix for fixing the flakes (B) onto and / or in the at least one adsorbent material (A) and / or onto at least one type of carrier material (D); Filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide, containing the filter materials and application devices for the protection of filters installed in stationary large-scale plants and stationary and mobile plants, room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems and heating systems against contamination.

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to filter materials, filters and filter systems protected from microbial contamination for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to processes for adsorbing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures under conditions that protect against microbial contamination.

[0003] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a use of the filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems for the purification of air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses.

[0004] Last but not least, the present invention relates to methods for improving the supply of fresh air to enclosed spaces. State of the art

[0005] In recent years, numerous research and development projects have been conducted to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere as part of climate protection. One promising approach is the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, particularly from ambient air.

[0006] Filter materials, filters and filter systems as well as devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures containing these filter materials, filters and filter systems are known.

[0007] For example, the American patent US 7,795,175 B2 discloses polyamine or polyamine-polyol adsorbent materials supported on nanoparticles such as nanosilicates.

[0008] The international patent application WO 2017 / 009241 A1 discloses fibrillated cellulose functionalized with amino groups using aminosilanes as adsorbent materials.

[0009] The American patent US 9,968,880 B2 discloses polyamine-aldehyde adducts supported on pyrogenic silica as adsorbent materials.

[0010] The European patent EP 3 706 898 B1 states that the adsorbent material used is activated carbon impregnated with sodium and / or potassium carbonate.

[0011] The international patent application WO 2021 / 259760 A1 discloses inorganic or organic, non-polymeric and polymeric support materials with a specific BET surface area of ​​1 to 20 m 2 / g, which are functionalized with amino functional groups on their surface.

[0012] International patent application WO 2022 / 013107 A1 describes adsorbent materials comprising primary and / or secondary amino groups immobilized on a support material and substituted at the alpha carbon atom with oxygen or a radical R. The radicals R can be, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and arylalkyl radicals with 1 to 12 carbon atoms. A typical example of such adsorbent materials are polystyrene beads with alpha-methylbenzylamine.

[0013] According to the international patent application WO 2022 / 109746 A1, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), silica or alumina can serve as adsorbent materials for carbon dioxide.

[0014] International patent application WO 2022 / 128431 A1 discloses cycloaliphatic amines such as aziridine, diaziridine, azetidines, 1,2- and 1,3-diazetidine, pyrrolidine, diazolidine, triazolidine, piperidine, 1,2- and 1,3-diazinane, piperazine, triazinanes, tetrazinanes, azepanes, azocanes, and mixtures thereof, especially piperazine, as adsorbent materials. The amines are used in admixture with lithium, sodium, and / or potassium carbonate and are supported on activated carbon or fibers such as cellulose fibers.

[0015] The international patent application WO 2022 / 183058 A1 discloses zeolites containing zinc ions as adsorbent materials.

[0016] According to international patent application WO 2022 / 235664 A2, sodium bicarbonate is suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorbing carbon dioxide from water vapor-containing gas mixtures. The carbon dioxide is stored in the form of sodium sesquicarbonate.

[0017] The international patent application WO 2023 / 001810 A1 discloses the production of amino-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers that can be used as adsorbent materials.

[0018] International patent application WO 2023 / 088812 A1 discloses a method for the regeneration of amino-functional adsorbent materials. Benzylamino groups are converted into amide groups over time and thus lose their absorbent properties. However, the amide groups can be converted back into amino groups by reducing the carbonyl group with hydrogen or lithium aluminum nitride.

[0019] The international patent application WO 2023 / 094386 A1 discloses adsorbent materials with primary and / or secondary amino groups that contain less than 1400 ppm of metallic impurities.

[0020] The adsorbent materials are used in systems and processes for the direct adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, particularly from air (Direct Air Capture; DAC). The carbon dioxide is captured in a cyclic adsorption-desorption process. Corresponding processes and systems are described, for example, in German patent DE 10 2020 113 447 B3, American patent US 11,007,470 B2, American patent applications US 2021 / 0093998 A1 and US 2023 / 0233989 A1, international patent applications WO 2019 / 092288 A1 and WO 2020 / 148460A1, and European patent EP 3 956 049 B1. In these processes, very large volumes of air are passed through the systems.

[0021] Carbon dioxide can also be converted directly to methane and methanol as an adsorbate on the adsorbent material. International patent application WO 2022 / 256361 A2 describes adsorbent materials containing catalytically active transition metals such as ruthenium, copper, manganese, nickel, vanadium, silver, rhodium, platinum, or palladium and / or their catalytically active oxides, adsorbents such as sodium oxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, or lithium oxide, and support materials such as aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, or zeolites. The carbon dioxide is desorbed at higher temperatures and directly converted with hydrogen to methane.

[0022] German patent DE 10 2012 020 141 A1 describes processes for the synchronous adsorption of carbon dioxide from flue gas and the synthesis of dialkyl carbonates and alkylene carbonates. Carbon dioxide is reacted with ammonia and / or amines to form ammonium carbamates, ammonium bicarbonate, or ureas. These intermediates are then reacted with alcohols to form organic carbonates, releasing the amines.

[0023] International patent application WO 2013 / 075981 A2 proposes a carbon dioxide extraction system for buildings. This extraction system also operates according to the DAC principle and extracts carbon dioxide exhaled by residents or visitors from individual rooms of the building. This eliminates the need for intensive fresh air supply.

[0024] In all of these processes, large volumes of ambient air are passed through the systems and the adsorbent materials contained therein. Therefore, there is a risk that pollutants of various types, such as suspended solids, will accumulate in the devices over time. Suspended solids generally have particle sizes between 500 pm and 500 µm. Suspended solids with particle sizes >500 µm settle very quickly. The suspended solids can be solid or liquid. In particular, they can contain fine-particle turbidity, liquid waste, fermentation residues, animal waste, liquid manure, slaughterhouse waste, liquid manure, excrement, kitchen waste, biowaste, radioactive and non-radioactive, organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic and / or biogenic particles, cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, pipe smoke, e-cigarette smoke, fiber materials, biogas plant waste, surface coating agents, paint residues, sewage sludge, effluents, paints, varnishes, paint residues, overspray, sealing materials,Polymer waste, macromolecules, acid aerosols, mites, spiders, fungal spores, mold spores, pollen, seeds, viruses, microorganisms, insect eggs, insects, insect parts, and fine dust generated during road traffic, shipping, and air traffic, welding, mechanical abrasion, leaks in equipment, renovation work, woodworking, stoneworking, grain harvesting, chemical reactions, building fires, forest fires, peat fires, pipeline fires, crude oil production facilities, natural gas production facilities, mines, coal seams, and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents, and sandstorms.

[0025] These suspended particles accumulate on the adsorbent materials and in the systems, thus reducing their service life. Furthermore, these accumulations provide a favorable breeding ground for the colonization and proliferation of microorganisms, which in turn leads to new problems that contradict the original purpose of air filters and adsorbent materials.

[0026] Microorganisms or germs include archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, protists, fungi, green algae, and viruses or virions. These microorganisms, germs, and viruses, collectively referred to as "germs," ​​are the source of a number of serious diseases, epidemics, and pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These germs can colonize surfaces and form biofilms that are difficult or impossible to remove. Primary colonizers such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause inflammatory diseases upon direct contact with the skin or respiratory tract during cleaning and maintenance work or when replacing filters. Nutrient deficiencies or high population density can lead to the sporulation of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, which produces highly resistant spores that are spread by the airflow through air filters.The spores can germinate again even after many years if there is a sufficient food supply and thus lead to the spread of diseases.

[0027] The biocidal effect of silver has been known for centuries. Colloidal solutions of metals, especially silver, are also well-known biocides. Colloidal silver is found in numerous medical cosmetic products. Silver water, i.e., an aqueous solution of colloidal silver, can be used as an antibiotic. Numerous silver sprays containing silver water are available on the market, primarily used in veterinary medicine. However, these applications are not suitable for air purification (see Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung DAZ, 2013, No. 7, page 60).

[0028] German patent application DE 10 2022 001 868 A1 discloses biocidally coated, reticulated plastic foams with a fineness of 10 PPI (parts per inch) to 100 PPI, with at least one biocidal coating on the cell webs. The biocidal coating has a micro-rough surface layer on and within its polymer matrix, which contains biocidal metal microparticles, in particular silver microflakes, with an average particle size of d, which are in electrically conductive contact with one another. 50 from 0.1 µm to <1,000 µm. However, these filter materials are not designed for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from the air or other gas mixtures.

[0029] In the older German patent application DE 10 2023 106 549 A1 and the filing date of 15.3.2023, an aqueous dispersion is described which contains water, at least one species of biocidal metal microparticles, in particular silver microflakes, with an average particle size of 50from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm, at least one mini- or microemulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm as a physically curable film former, at least one leveling additive or spreading agent, at least one stabilizer, at least one amphoteric surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant, and at least one essential oil. The aqueous dispersions are free of Most Penetrating Particle Size (MPPS) metal microparticles with an average particle size of d 50from 0.2 µm to 0.4 µm. The German patent application further describes application devices for preventing the contamination of air filters installed in the wall-enclosed air ducts of stationary and mobile room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, and heating systems. The application devices each comprise the following components, which are arranged on the outside of a support plate embedded in the wall of an air duct: - a storage vessel for an aqueous film-forming metal microparticle dispersion containing biocidal metal microparticles of an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm and a mini- or microemulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 from 10 nm to <1,000 µm as a physically curable film former, - a piston dosing device and / or a dosing pump in fluid communication with the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle dispersion and - a conveying pipeline with a channel for supplying the aqueous film-forming agent-metal microparticle dispersion from the piston dosing device and / or the dosing pump to a hydraulic nebulising nozzle, a membrane nebuliser and / or an ultrasonic atomiser for nebulising at least one aerosol into the air flow to at least one built-in air filter.

[0030] The air filters described in the older German patent application are also not designed for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from the air or other gas mixtures.

[0031] A carbon dioxide-permeable membrane made of molten carbonate containing silver dendrites is known from the publication by Liam A. McNeil et al., "Dendritic silver self-assembly in molten-carbonate membranes for efficient carbon dioxide capture," in Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 1766-1775. This membrane, whose operation requires temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius, is impermeable to gases other than carbon dioxide. This separation principle differs fundamentally from the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide.

[0032] American patent application US 2013 / 0037481 A1 discloses nonwoven fabrics comprising a plurality of individual fibers and a proportion of submicrometer fibers with an average fiber diameter of less than one micrometer adjacent to the individual fibers, as well as a plurality of chemically active particles attached to the nonwoven fabric. In some embodiments, more than 0% by weight and less than 10% by weight of the nonwoven fabric consists of individual fibers that are thermoplastic polymer fibers and that optionally at least partially melt and coalesce to attach the individual polymer fibers to one another. In certain embodiments, at least some of the particles are bonded to the thermoplastic polymer fibers. In other embodiments, at least some of the particles are attached in the interstices of the nonwoven fabric without any substantial bonding to the individual fibers.Processes for the production and use of such nonwovens are also described. Whether these nonwovens are biocidal and capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide directly from the air is not described.

[0033] From the American patent application US 2019 / 0134607 A1, a system and a method are known in which a brine containing metal ions flows through a reactor containing porous particles made of a polymer with imprinted metal ions and with selective binding sites. The system and the method further comprise draining the brine from the reactor, contacting the porous particles with water, and filling the reactor with carbon dioxide under pressure. The carbon dioxide reacts with the adsorbed metal ions to form a metal carbonate solution, which can then be continuously purified by ion exchange. The method may comprise returning the eluent from the ion exchange to the system for reuse. The method also comprises depressurizing the reactor to precipitate the metal carbonate from the metal carbonate solution and draining the metal carbonate solution from the reactor.However, the system and the process are intended for the concentration of lithium carbonate after the regeneration of lithium-containing adsorbents and not for the direct adsorption of carbon dioxide from the air and other gases under biocidal conditions.

[0034] American patent application US 2017 / 0259245 A1 discloses a gel particle film made of polymer particles containing amino groups. The gel particle film has a high acid gas absorption and desorption capacity per unit volume and a high acid gas absorption and desorption rate per unit mass, as well as high stability. A gas absorber in which the gel particle film is applied to a support is useful as a material for acid gas separation with good energy efficiency. The use of biocidal metal microparticles is not described. Object of the invention

[0035] The present invention is based on the object of proposing filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from room air and environmental air, which are protected from contamination, as well as corresponding processes for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures under conditions which protect against contamination.

[0036] Furthermore, it is the object of the present invention to provide application devices for protecting against contamination of already installed filter materials, filters and filter systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air, as well as methods for protecting against contamination of installed filter materials, filters and filter systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air.

[0037] Additionally, the filter materials, filters, filter systems, and systems protected from contamination, as well as the application devices for protecting already installed filter materials, filters, and filter systems from contamination, should prevent the desorbed carbon dioxide intended for further use from being contaminated with harmful germs. This should prevent, for example, unwanted harmful germs from entering bioconverters, where they would disrupt the fermentation of carbon dioxide to methane.

[0038] Last but not least, devices and methods should be provided to improve the supply of fresh air to enclosed spaces, especially those occupied by large numbers of people, in order to keep the carbon dioxide concentration in the room air within the safe range below 1000 ppm. This should prevent the carbon dioxide concentration from reaching unacceptable levels above 2000 ppm. Protecting the devices from contamination is particularly important for this application.

[0039] In general, the protection against contamination of filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, especially from the air, should significantly extend the intervals between maintenance of the filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems. The inventive solution

[0040] Accordingly, the filter materials protected from microbial contamination for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the air, were found according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the filter materials according to the invention are the subject of dependent claims 2 to 11.

[0041] Furthermore, the filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the air, according to independent claim 12, which contain the filter materials according to the invention, were found. Advantageous embodiments of the filter systems and systems according to the invention are the subject of dependent claims 13 to 15.

[0042] Furthermore, the process for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the air, according to independent claim 16 was found, in which a plant according to one of claims 12 to 15 is used.

[0043] Last but not least, the use of the filter materials according to one of claims 1 to 11 and the filter systems and systems according to one of claims 12 to 15 for the purification of air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses was found. Advantages of the invention

[0044] In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object of the present invention is achieved by the filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems according to the invention, which are protected from contamination, for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air, as well as the corresponding methods according to the invention for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air, under conditions which protect against contamination.

[0045] Furthermore, it was surprising that the object of the present invention is achieved by the application devices for protecting against contamination of already installed filter materials, filters and filter systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air, as well as by the methods for protecting against contamination of installed filter materials, filters and filter systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the room air and the environmental air.

[0046] The inventive, germ-protected filter materials, filters, filter systems, and systems, the corresponding inventive methods, and the application devices for protecting already installed filter materials, filters, and filter systems from contamination, as well as the corresponding inventive methods, prevent the desorbed carbon dioxide intended for further use from being contaminated with harmful germs. This prevents, for example, unwanted harmful germs from entering bioconverters, where they disrupt the fermentation of carbon dioxide to methane.

[0047] Furthermore, devices and methods according to the invention can now be provided for improving the supply of fresh air to enclosed spaces, particularly those occupied by large numbers of people, in order to keep the carbon dioxide concentration of the room air within the safe range below 1000 ppm. This prevents the carbon dioxide concentration from reaching unacceptable levels above 2000 ppm. Protecting the devices from contamination is particularly important for this application.

[0048] In general, the inventive protection against contamination of filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from the air, significantly extends the intervals between maintenance of the filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems.

[0049] Last but not least, the filter materials, filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from the air according to the invention, which are protected from contamination, purify air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses, in particular indoor air.

[0050] Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description. Detailed description of the invention

[0051] The filter materials according to the invention, which are protected from microbial contamination, for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, selected from the group consisting of weakly basic anion exchangers in the hydroxide form containing primary amino groups, strongly basic anion exchangers in the hydroxide form and the supported alkali carbonates sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and / or potassium carbonate, contain at least one adsorbent material A for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in particular from room air and environmental air, and at least one species of platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles or flakes B having an average particle size d fixed on and / or in the at least one adsorbent material A and / or on and / or in at least one species of a carrier material D. 50from 0.6 µm to >1,000 µm, wherein the fixed flakes B are present in an effective amount such that the absorption capacity of the adsorbent material A for carbon dioxide is reduced to at most 1% to 50%, preferably to 1% to 40%, more preferably to 1% to 30%, particularly preferably to 1% to 20% and in particular to 1% to 10% of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent material A free of fixed flakes B.

[0052] In the context of the present invention, "effective amount" means an amount of fixed flakes B present that ensures a biocidal effect. The effective amount is determined primarily by the porosity and permeability of the respective adsorbent material A and / or the carrier material D. The skilled person can therefore specify the respective effective amount based on their general technical knowledge or determine it based on simple comparative experiments without engaging in inventive activity.

[0053] According to the invention, all customary and known basic and / or nanoporous, microporous, mesoporous and / or macroporous adsorbent materials A, as described in the prior art, are suitable as adsorbent materials A.

[0054] Examples of suitable adsorbent materials A are - common and well-known, commercially available, weakly basic anion exchangers based on cross-linked polystyrenes or poly(meth)acrylates containing primary ammonium groups in the hydroxide form, - common and well-known, commercially available, strongly basic anion exchangers based on cross-linked polystyrenes or poly(meth)acrylates, which contain in particular quaternary ammonium groups in the hydroxide form, - the polyamine or polyamine-polyol adsorbent materials supported on nanoparticles such as nanosilicates described in US patent US 7,795,175 B2 in column 8, line 60, to column 11, line 16, - the fibrillated celluloses described in the international patent application WO 2017 / 009241 A1 on page 4, line 15, to page 25, line 18, which are functionalised with amino groups using aminosilanes, - the polyamine-aldehyde adducts supported on fumed silica described in American patent US 9,968,880 B2, column 4, line 19, to column 12, line 67, - the activated carbons described in European patent EP 3 706 898 B1 on page 5, paragraph

[0019] , to page 18, paragraph

[0118] , which are impregnated with sodium and / or potassium carbonate, - the inorganic or organic, non-polymeric and polymeric support materials with a specific BET surface area of ​​1 to 20 m described in the international patent application WO 2021 / 259760A1 on page 3, line 23, to page 22, end 2 / g, which are functionalized with amino functional groups on their surface, - the support materials described in international patent application WO 2022 / 013107 A1 on page 4, line 13, to page 21, end, which contain immobilized primary and / or secondary amino groups substituted at the alpha carbon atom with oxygen or a radical R; the radicals R can be, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, and arylalkyl radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. A typical example of such adsorbent materials are polystyrene beads with alpha-methylbenzylamine. - the zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), silicas or aluminas described in the international patent application WO 2022 / 109746 A1 on page 6, paragraph

[0017] , to page 25, paragraph

[0088] , - the cycloaliphatic amines described in the international patent application WO 2022 / 128431 A1 on page 3, line 22, to page 23, end, such as aziridine, diaziridine, azetidines, 1,2- and 1,3-diazetidine, pyrrolidine, diazolidine, triazolidine, piperidine, 1,2- and 1,3-diazinane, piperazine, triazinanes, tetrazinanes, azepanes, azocanes and mixtures thereof, in particular piperazine; the amines are used in admixture with lithium, sodium and / or potassium carbonate and are supported on activated carbon or fibers such as cellulose fibers, - the zinc ion-containing zeolites described in the international patent application WO 2022 / 183058 A1 on page 8, paragraph

[0020] , to page 55, paragraph

[00226] , - the sodium bicarbonate described in the international patent application WO 2022 / 235664 A2, on page 3, paragraph

[0013] , to page 29, paragraph

[00138] , which is suitable as adsorbent material A for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures containing water vapor; the carbon dioxide is stored in the form of sodium sesquicarbonate, - the amino-functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers described in the international patent application WO 2023 / 001810A1 on page 5, line 10, to page 23, line 23, - the regenerated amino-functional adsorbent materials A described in the international patent application WO 2023 / 088812 A1 on page 4, line 35, to page 18, end; benzylamino groups are converted into amide groups over time and thus lose their absorbent properties; however, the amide groups can be converted back into amino groups by reducing the carbonyl group with hydrogen or lithium aluminum nitride, - the adsorbent materials A described in the international patent application WO 2023 / 094386 A1 on page 4, line 16, to page 21, end, with primary and / or secondary amino groups containing less than 1400 ppm of metallic impurities, and - the crosslinked polystyrene prepared by reductive amination and modified by alpha-methylbenzylamino groups, as described in the international patent application WO 2023 / 104656 A1 on page 4, line 5, to page 16, end.

[0055] Further suitable adsorbent materials A can be found in the following publications: - Hao Lyu, Haozhe Li, Nikita Hanikel, Kaiyu Wang and Omar M. Yaghi, “Covalent Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 28, 12989 to 12995, - Priyanka Sarkar, Ipsita Hazra Chowdhury, Surya Das und Sk. Manirul Islam, „Recent trends in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for carbon dioxide reduction“, Material Advances, 2022, 3, 8063-8080, - Jannis Hack, Nobutaka Maeda und Daniel M. Meier, „Review on CO 2 Capture Using Amine-Functionalized Materials“ ACS Omega 2022, 7, 44, 39520 bis 39530, - Qingdian Shu et al., „Direct Air Capture Using Electrochemically Regenerated Anion Exchange Resins“, Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 56, 16, 11559-11566, und - M. Parvazinia et al., CO2 capture by ion exchange resins as amin functionalized adsorbents", Chemical Engineering Journal, 331, 2018, 335-342.

[0056] The adsorbent materials A to be used according to the invention for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide take a wide variety of forms. They are supported on and in carrier materials D, such as porous particles or fibers D, or they themselves represent porous particles A and fibers A. The porous particles A can be present as a filter bed A. The fibers A can form scrims, woven fabrics, felts, nonwovens, spunbonded materials, or meltblown materials A made of microfibers and nanofibers.

[0057] Preference is given to using weakly basic anion exchange resins in the hydroxide form containing primary amino groups, such as Lewatit® VP OC 1065 from Lanxess or Purolite® A109 from Purolite in the hydroxide form, strongly basic anion exchange resins in the hydroxide form containing quaternary amino groups, such as Amberlyst® A26 from Merck, and supported alkali carbonates, in particular those supported on activated carbon, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and / or potassium carbonate.

[0058] The fixed, platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles or flakes B to be used according to the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of gold, osmium, silver, copper, copper-silver alloys, zinc, tin, copper bronzes, brass bronzes, and brass. They can be in electrically conductive contact with one another and / or form a microrough surface.

[0059] Flakes B made of silver and / or copper and / or silver-copper alloys such as AgCu are particularly preferred. Flakes made of silver and / or copper, especially silver, are particularly preferred.

[0060] The flakes B have an average particle size d 50 from 0.1 µm to <1000 µm, preferably 0.2 µm to 900 µm, more preferably 0.3 µm to 800 µm, more preferably 0.4 µm to 700 µm, most preferably 0.5 µm to 600 µm and in particular 0.6 µm to 500 µm.

[0061] The platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles B or flakes B can have different geometric shapes, preferably selected from the group consisting of platelets or flakes with circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, or three-, four-, five-, or multi-pointed star-shaped outlines, as well as platelets or flakes with circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, or three-, four-, five-, or multi-pointed star-shaped outlines that are curved in at least one spatial direction and / or have rounded edges and / or corners. Flakes B of the same geometry or different geometries can also aggregate to form T- or Y-shaped particles B.

[0062] The average particle size d 50The particle size of Flakes B is determined by light microscopy, dry sieving, wet sieving, electron microscopy, centrifugation, Coulter Counter, Fraunhofer diffraction, and Mie scattering. The imaginary longest distance traversed by Flakes B is considered the particle size.

[0063] The production of the silver microflakes B to be used according to the invention and their dispersions is known, for example, from the patents EP 2 942 128 A1, EP 3 578 283 A1, EP 3 693 109 A1, US 2008 / 0272344 A1, US 2009 / 0246358 A1, US 2009 / 0253848 A1, US 2015 / 0283175 A1, US 2017 / 0043396 A1, US 2019 / 0344354 A1, WO 2021 / 211305 A1, US 7,575,621 B2, US 8,293,142 B2 or US 8,486,310 B2. Silver microflakes B with an average particle size d 50 of 5 µm and d 20 of 2 µm can be purchased from ACS Material, Pasadena, California, USA. Other sources include: Micro Flakes - MST-Design Water Transfer Printing & Painting Supplies (mst-shop.com) MicroSilver BG™ (See also US EPA, Pesticides, Label, MICROSILVER BG-R, 7 / 16 / 2010) Silver flakes (silber-pulver.de) DODUCO's Silver-plated copper powder (silber-pulver.de) Metallic Micro Flakes | Kryolan - Professional Make-up (Silver Flakes) Silver powder (silber-pulver.de)

[0064] The production of the copper microflakes B to be used according to the invention is known, for example, from patents EP 1 787 742 B1 and EP 2 542 767 B1. Furthermore, copper microflakes (B) with average particle sizes d 50 from 5 µm to 800 µm are available from Merck. Other sources include: Copper Micro Flake - Flakes (kandydip.de) Micro Flakes - Micronic Orange-Copper Metallic Effect Paint - MST-Design Water Transfer Printing & Painting Supplies (mst-shop.com) Metallic Micro Flakes | Kryolan - Professional Make-up (Kupferflakes)

[0065] The flakes B to be used according to the invention have a monomodal or multimodal, in particular bimodal, particle size distribution. The particle size distribution is broad or narrow. The advantage of a broad monomodal or multimodal particle size distribution is that the smaller flakes B are embedded in the voids between the larger flakes B in the polymer and / or adhesive matrix C described below, so that a denser surface layer is formed. The advantage of a narrow monomodal particle size distribution is that, due to their largely similar or identical physicochemical properties, the flakes B behave largely similarly or identically in the impregnating agents described below and the polymer and / or adhesive matrices B produced therefrom. Therefore, the particle size distribution can be particularly well adapted to the requirements of the individual case.

[0066] Preferably, organic, organometallic, inorganic, non-porous, nanoporous, microporous and / or macroporous materials are used as support materials D.

[0067] Conventional and well-known air filters, such as those installed in conventional and well-known filter systems, can also be used as carrier materials D. Depending on their separation efficiency, the air filters D can be - High-performance particle filter (EPA = Efficient Particulate Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, - HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, - High-performance particulate filter (ULPA = Ultra Low Penetration Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm, - Medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, - Pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and - Automotive cabin filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm.

[0068] Depending on the particle size of the particles to be filtered, their filtering effect is based on the following effects: - Diffusion effect: Very small particles (particle size: 50 nm to 100 nm) do not follow the gas flow, but rather, due to their collisions with the gas molecules, follow a trajectory similar to Brownian motion, causing them to collide with the filter fibers and adhere to them. This effect is also referred to as the diffusion regime. - Interception effect: Smaller particles (particle size: 100 nm to 500 nm) that follow the gas flow around the fiber become trapped when they approach the filter phase. This effect is also referred to as the interception regime. - Inertial effect: Larger particles (particle size: 500 nm to >1 µm) do not follow the gas flow around the fiber, but instead collide with it due to their inertia and adhere to it. This effect is also referred to as the inertial impaction regime.

[0069] In the particle size range from 100 nm to 500 nm, the diffusion effect and the barrier effect occur simultaneously. In the particle size range from 500 nm to >1 µm, the inertia effect and the barrier effect also occur simultaneously.

[0070] According to filter effects, particles with a particle size of 200 nm to 400 nm are the most difficult to remove. These are also referred to as MPPS (most penetrating particle size). Filter efficiency drops to 50% in this size range. Larger and smaller particles are removed more effectively due to their physical properties.

[0071] EPA, HEPA, and UPLA are classified according to their effectiveness for these particle sizes using a test aerosol of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DEHS). In their article "On the Minimum Efficiency and the Most Penetrating Particle Size for Fibrous Filters" in the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1980, pages 377 to 381, KW Lee and BYH Liu provide formulas that allow the calculation of the minimum efficiency and MPPS for fiber filters based on the diffusion effect and the inertia effect. The results show that MPPS decreases with increasing filtration speed and fiber volume fraction and increases with increasing fiber size.

[0072] Air filters D are also classified according to DIN EN 779.2012 according to particle size: coarse dust class G1 to G4 and fine dust class M5 and M6 as well as F7 to F9. Further classification standards can be found in the Wikipedia article "Particle filter classes": Particle filter classes - Wikipedia (downloaded on November 9, 2022).

[0073] Common and well-known designs of air filters D are candle filters, flat membranes, pocket filters, hollow fiber modules, bag filters and electret filters.

[0074] Depending on the intended use, - flexible materials such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, textiles, papers, nonwovens, fiber-oriented nonwovens, felts, random fiber nonwovens and spunbonded nonwovens made of metal fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers and synthetic fibers such as synthetic fibers made of polyester, polyphenylene sulfide or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), - rigid materials such as porous solids and filter candles made of plastic, metal or ceramic and grain ceramic filter elements with expanded clay or silicon carbide as the base material and - Packed bed filters made of granular materials, in particular of oxidic materials, are used as carrier materials D.

[0075] Reticulated plastic foams, such as those used for purifying water for aquariums and ponds, can also be used as carrier materials D.

[0076] Suitable plastics are conventional and known linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly structured polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and / or (co)polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

[0077] Examples of suitable (co)polymers are (meth)acrylate (co)polymers and / or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and / or their copolymers.

[0078] Examples of suitable polyaddition resins or polycondensation resins are polyesters, alkyds, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, proteins, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, cellulose, polysulfides, polyacetals, polyethylene oxides, polycaprolactams, polylactones, polylactides, polyimides, and / or polyureas.

[0079] As is known, thermosets are produced from multifunctional, low molecular weight and / or oligomeric compounds by thermal and / or actinic radiation-initiated (co)polymerization.

[0080] Reticulation, i.e., the destruction of the cell walls of plastic foams, is typically performed using a process known as water reticulation. This involves mixing a mixture of gaseous, flammable substances, such as oxyhydrogen, with pressurized steam at approximately 185°C at the same time as the ignition pulse. An exothermic reaction is initiated, and the explosively released reaction heat causes the perforation of the cell walls and their targeted sintering to the desired thickness of the foam's structural substance.

[0081] Reticulated foams D can have a wide variety of three-dimensional shapes. They can be round, oval, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, or octagonal plates or discs, cubes, cuboids, columns, truncated cones, spheres, or tubes with different cross-sections and wall thicknesses. They can optionally have depressions, elevations, or perforations. They can also have special three-dimensional shapes adapted to specific uses and devices.

[0082] The reticulated plastic foams D may further have dimensions ranging from square centimeters to square meters, the dimensions being determined by the particular intended use and the devices into which the biocidal reticulated plastic foams according to the invention are fitted.

[0083] According to the invention, the reticulated plastic foams D are preferably in round, rectangular, and square sheet form. They particularly preferably have a thickness of 0.5 cm to 30 cm, very particularly preferably 1 cm to 20 cm, and especially 2 cm to 10 cm. They particularly preferably cover an area of ​​10 cm 2 up to 10 m 2 , especially preferably 100 cm 2 up to 5 m 2 and especially 150 cm 2 up to 3 m 2 . The square panels preferably have an area of ​​30 cm x 30 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm and 100 cm x 100 cm and thicknesses of 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm.

[0084] Reticulated foam filter mats D made of the aforementioned plastics, in particular polyester urethane, polyether urethane, polyester ether urethane, polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene, are particularly preferred. Foam filter mats D made of permanently hydrophilic polyester urethane, polyether urethane, and polyester ether urethane are particularly preferred. Foam filter mats D of this type are generally used as aquarium filters and pond filters and are commercially available. They are available in finenesses from 10 PPI (pores per inch) to 100 PPI. Preferably, the reticulated foam filter mats D are used in finenesses of 10 PPI, 20 PPI, 30 PPI, and 40 PPI.

[0085] The reticulated foams D made of plastic can be rigid or flexible depending on their intended use.

[0086] The reticulated foams D made of plastic are commercially available products. Sources can be found in Filter technology - Industrial solutions | EMW.de RETICULATED FOAMS - Koepp Schaumstoffe GmbH (koepp-schaum.de) Reticulated Filter Foam | Master Sponge & Foam Products Manufacturer (spongesupplier.com) Filter foam | PPI foam - PANA Foamtec GmbH 10ppi-60ppi reticulated open-cell polyether-based polyurethane foam | Master Sponge & Foam Products Manufacturer (spongesupplier.com) Polyethylene PE foam black | PE foam sheets | Foam sheets | Saarschaum

[0087] Furthermore, open-cell foams D made from natural materials such as sponges and wood, as well as from glass, ceramics and metals, which are produced using conventional and known foaming techniques, can be considered as carrier materials D.

[0088] Furthermore, inert fibers in the form of nonwovens, woven fabrics, felts, nonwovens, spunbonded materials, or melt-blown materials can be considered as carrier materials D. Examples of suitable fibers are: Seed fibers: such as cotton (CO), kapok (KP), poplar fluff, akon, bamboo fiber, nettle fiber, hemp fiber (HA), jute (JU), kenaf, linen (LI), hops, ramie (RA), hemp, Hard fibers: such as pineapple, caroä, curauá, henequen, New Zealand flax, sisal (SI), coconut (CC), Wool and fine animal hair: such as wool from sheep (WO), alpaca, llama, vicuña, guanaco, angora (WA), rabbit, camel hair (WK), cashmere (WS), mohair (WM), coarse animal hair: such as cattle hair, horsehair, goat hair, Silk: such as mulberry silk (SE), tussah silk (ST), mussel silk, Fibers made from natural polymers: such as cellulosic fibers, such as viscose (CV), modal (CMD), lyocell (CLY), cupro (CUP), acetate (CA), triacetate (CTA), Rubber fibers: such as rubber, Plant protein fibers: such as soy protein fiber, zein and other prolamins, Protein fibers: Fibers based on casein, albumins, collagen, glycoproteins, globulins, elastin, nucleoproteins, histones, keratin, chromoproteins, protamines, fibrinogen, phosphoproteins, prolamins, myosin, lipoproteins and hydrophobin, Fibers based on starch or glucose: such as alginate fibers (ALG) or chitosan fibers and Fibers made from synthetic biodegradable polymers: such as polylactide fibers (PLA) and polyester (cf. Biodegradable Polyesters - New Ways with Bismuth Catalysts, DISSERTATION for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Hamburg, submitted by Gesa Behnken, from Hamburg, Hamburg 2008).

[0089] Other suitable fibers that can be considered as carrier materials D include chemical fibers, polymer fibers, and mineral fibers. An overview can be found in the Wikipedia article "Fibers": https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Faser#Mineral Fibers[downloaded on January 4, 2024].

[0090] The scrims, fabrics, felts, nonwovens, spunbonded materials or melt-blown materials D can also consist of several different fibers D.

[0091] Inert, inorganic carrier materials D may also be considered. These preferably have an average particle size of 500 nm to 1.5 mm, as determined by sieve analysis.Preference is given to the inert, inorganic support materials D from the group consisting of packings for columns such as Raschig rings, spheres as well as hollow spheres, shards, granules, ground chunks, pellets, rings, spheres with core-shell structures, ellipsoids, cubes, cuboids, pyramids, cones, cylinders, rhombuses, dodecahedra, truncated dodecahedra, icosahedra, truncated icosahedra, dumbbells, tori, platelets, needles with circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal or star-shaped cross-sections, shards bent in at least one spatial direction, rings, dumbbells, tori, needles and platelets of phyllosilicates, foam glasses, foam glass gravel, pumice stones, zeolites, Expanded clays, expanded glasses, expanded mica, expanded perlite, foam cements, ceramic foams and activated carbons.

[0092] According to the invention, the above-described filter materials protected from microbial contamination are used in the filters and filter systems according to the invention for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide. These filters and filter systems according to the invention can have conventional and known designs from the prior art.

[0093] The filter materials, filters, and filter systems according to the invention, which are protected from microbial contamination, preferably contain heating devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide. This is because, once the filter materials, filters, and filter systems are saturated by adsorptive action, the adsorbed carbon dioxide can be released again by heating. This procedure is also referred to as the "temperature swing process" in the prior art cited above. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide can be desorbed using superheated steam.

[0094] Examples of suitable heating devices are particulate ferromagnetic materials homogeneously mixed with the filter materials according to the invention. The particulate ferromagnetic materials are preferably selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, ruthenium in the metastable body-centered tetragonal phase, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, AlNiCo, SmCo, Nd 2 Fe 14 B, Ni 80 Fe 20 ("Permalloy"), NiFeCo alloys (mumetal), chromium dioxide, manganese arsenide, europium(II) oxide, and Heusler alloys are selected. Permalloy is preferably used. These ferromagnetic materials can be used to inductively heat the filter materials according to the invention.

[0095] Alternatively, the filter materials, filters and filter systems according to the invention can be heated by hot steam, hot air blowers, infrared radiators and / or electric heating coils.

[0096] Furthermore, other components of the devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide, such as air grilles, pipes, chamber walls, fans, valves, or sensors, can also be protected from microbial contamination in the manner described in the invention. In particular, areas such as blind spots, where suspended particles tend to accumulate, can be protected from microbial contamination.

[0097] The filter materials, filters, filter systems and the corresponding systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide according to the invention as well as the other components mentioned above are protected against contamination by biocidal coatings.

[0098] According to the invention, these biocidal coatings are produced using liquid impregnating agents containing the above-described materials A, B, and C. The liquid impregnating agents are water-based or organic solvent-based. The impregnating agents contain the flakes B to be used according to the invention as the disperse phase. Furthermore, they may contain molecularly dispersed dissolved substances and / or other dispersed substances.

[0099] Preferably, liquid water-based impregnating agents are used.

[0100] The liquid impregnating agents can be applied to and / or to the adsorbents A and / or the carrier materials D using conventional and known coating methods such as dipping, spraying, in particular compressed air spraying, air-free spraying, air-mix spraying, and hot spraying, curtain coating, brushing, doctor blade coating, two-component coating, roller application, wiping, pouring, troweling, strip coating, centrifuging, and drum coating. Spraying methods are particularly used.

[0101] After application, the liquid impregnating agents are cured and / or dried to form a solid biocidal polymer and / or adhesive matrix C, which fixes the flakes B to and / or the adsorbents A and / or the carrier materials D.

[0102] Depending on the reactive functional groups present in the liquid impregnating agents, they are cured thermally or by radical polymerization, which is initiated by actinic radiation such as UV radiation or by radical initiators. However, both mechanisms can also be combined in one impregnating agent. This is referred to as "dual cure." Table 1 provides an overview of suitable functional groups for the crosslinking reactions. Table 1: Examples of complementary reactive functional groups for thermal curing and radiation curing of impregnating agents binder and Crosslinking agents or Crosslinking agents and binder -SH -C(O)-OH -OH -C(O)-OC(O)- -NH-C(O)-OR 5 -CH 2 -OH -CH 2 -O-CH 3 -NH-C(O)-CH(-C(O)OR 5 ) 2 -NH-C(O)-CH(-C(O)OR 5 )(-C(O)-R 5 >Si(OR 5 ) 2 -C(O)-OH O -CH-CH 2 -O-C(O)-CR 5 =CH 2 -OH -O-CR 5 =CH 2 -C(O)-CH 2 -C(O)-R 5 -O-CR 5 =CH 2 -CH=CH 2 -CR=CH 2 -CH=CH 2 R 5 = Organic residue such as alkyl, cycloalkyl and / or aryl. The impregnating agents can be divided into groups based on their binding agents. Oil-based impregnating agents

[0103] These impregnating agents contain natural drying oils that undergo autooxidative polymerization in the presence of catalysts and atmospheric oxygen. Chemically modified oxidative drying oils such as polyurethane oils or low-molecular-weight polybutadiene oils can also be used. Cellulose-based impregnating agent

[0104] Nitrocellulose varnishes typically contain additional resins and solvents to improve their application properties. Other cellulose-based impregnating agents contain organic cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, or cellulose acetate propionate. Waterproofing agent based on rubber

[0105] These impregnating agents based on chlorinated rubber, chlorinated rubber-alkyd resin combinations and chlorinated rubber-acrylate resin combinations are resistant to water, which may be advantageous for the present invention in specific applications. Impregnating agents based on vinyl resins

[0106] These impregnating agents contain polyolefins and polyolefin derivatives such as polyethylene and polyisobutenes. Ethylene copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers are water-soluble and can form salts. Chlorosulfonated polyethylenes have very high chemical resistance, especially against oxidizing agents. Impregnating agents based on polyvinyl halides and vinyl halide copolymers

[0107] Impregnating agents containing PVC and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride have advantageous mechanical properties and high abrasion resistance. Impregnating agents containing vinylidene chloride copolymers have numerous technical applications. Important examples of copolymers without additional functional groups are vinyl acetate, dibutyl maleate, or isobutyl vinyl ether copolymers. Terpolymers containing carboxyl groups are produced with dibutyl maleate or vinyl acetate and a dicarboxylic acid. Copolymers and terpolymers containing hydroxyl groups are obtained with hydroxyacrylates or with vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. Vinylidene chloride copolymers with acrylonitrile or acrylic resins have excellent chemical resistance and are primarily used as films for food packaging. Examples of fluoropolymers include cyclic perfluorinated polymers.Crosslinkable perfluorinated polymers contain epoxy groups, ether groups, hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups as crosslinking functional groups. Impregnating agents based on vinyl ester polymers and copolymers

[0108] Impregnating agents based on vinyl acetate polymers and vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl laurate, dibutyl maleate, or crotonic acid have particularly high lightfastness and strong adhesion to metals. Polyvinyl alcohol is typically produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. It has high water solubility and is resistant to oils and greases, lubricants, and waxes. Polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral are produced by reacting polyvinyl acetate with aldehydes. They can be considered terpolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetal. They are physically crosslinkable but can also be chemically crosslinked by hydroxyl groups. Impregnating agents based on vinyl ether polymers

[0109] Vinyl ether polymers are made from methyl vinyl ether or isobutyl vinyl ether and are often used as plasticizing resins in waterproofing agents. Impregnating agents based on acrylates

[0110] Polyacrylates are only slightly attacked by chemicals and therefore impart high resistance to impregnating agents. They are colorless, transparent, and do not yellow even after prolonged thermal exposure. They do not absorb radiation above 300 nm and are therefore not degraded by UV radiation, as long as they do not contain styrene or similar aromatic compounds. They do not have unstable double bonds, but they have a high, consistent gloss and are hydrolysis-stable. Depending on their lateral functional groups, they can be crosslinked in a variety of ways (see Table 3). Alkyd impregnating agent

[0111] Alkyd resin binders contain oils / fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids (mainly phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride), and polyalcohols. They are classified as short-oil, medium-oil, or long-oil resins. They are modified with natural fatty acids or oils. For special technical applications, the alkyd resins are additionally modified with resin acids, benzoic acid, styrene, vinyltoluene, isocyanates, acrylates, epoxides, and silicone compounds. Impregnating agents based on saturated polyesters

[0112] Saturated polyesters are produced by the polycondensation of polycarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid and polyalcohols such as ethylene glycol. Polyesters containing hydroxyl groups can be crosslinked with melamine resins, benzoguanamine resins, and blocked isocyanates. Saturated polyesters containing carboxyl groups can be crosslinked with triglycidyl isocyanurate or epoxy resins. Saturated polyesters containing lateral acrylate groups can be cured by UV radiation and electron beams. Impregnating agent based on unsaturated polyester

[0113] Unsaturated polyester resins, or UP resins, are soluble linear polycondensation products produced by the reaction of usually unsaturated polybasic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid or fumaric acid and dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol. Curing is initiated by peroxide or CC radical initiators. They can also be cured by UV radiation in the presence of photoinitiators. Impregnating agents based on polyurethanes

[0114] Polyurethanes are binders with urethane, urea, biuret, or allophanate groups as connecting groups. The impregnating agents contain low-molecular-weight, oligomeric, or polymeric components that can be crosslinked with blocked polyisocyanates in one-component systems and with free polyisocyanates in two-component systems. The cured coatings exhibit high chemical resistance and excellent light and weather stability. Impregnating agents based on epoxy resins

[0115] There are various types of epoxy resins, such as bisphenol A resins, bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolacs, aliphatic epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl esters, and heterocyclic epoxy compounds. They can be crosslinked with amines, polyesters, phenolic resins, amino resins, or polyisocyanates. They can also be chemically modified to produce epoxy resin esters and epoxy (meth)acrylic acid esters. Impregnating agents based on urea, benzoguanamine and melamine resins

[0116] Alkylated urea, benzoguanamine, glycoluril, toluenesulfonamide, and melamine-formaldehyde resins are a versatile group of crosslinking agents for hydroxyl, amide, and carboxyl-containing polymers. They are used in both water-based and solvent-based impregnating agents. Impregnating agents based on phenolic resins

[0117] Phenolic resins are polycondensation products of phenols and formaldehyde and are self-crosslinking in the presence of bases or basic salts. Phenolic resins are pale yellow to dark brown in color and are therefore not suitable for paint applications. Because they form hard and brittle films, they must be mixed with other resins such as epoxy resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, or polyester resins. Impregnating agents based on silicone resins and organic-inorganic hybrid resins

[0118] Polysiloxane or silicone resins for coating purposes are produced from mixtures of di- or trifunctional organosilane monomers such as phenyl- and methyltriethoxysilane, methylphenyldichlorosilane, and dimethyldichlorosilane by controlled hydrolysis and condensation. However, pure silicone resins are often too soft and thermoplastic for coating purposes. Therefore, they are blended with common and well-known resins such as alkyd resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, and phenolic resins. A particularly suitable group of silicone resins are hybrids of siloxane-polyurethane and siloxane-epoxy or siloxane-acrylate and sol-gel polymers. Sol-gel hybrid polymers are produced by the polycondensation of siloxanes containing hydrolyzable groups. Impregnating agents based on protective colloids

[0119] Protective colloids are particularly used by water-soluble polymers such as - partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, - Nanocellulose, microcellulose and macrocellulose as well as starches, - Cellulose ethers (Tylose) such as ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and - Polyether acrylates, proteins, alginates, peptins, and gelatin. Methylcellulose is particularly preferred. Impregnating agents based on physically curing polymers

[0120] These impregnating agents contain conventional, water-dilutable, physically curing, high-molecular-weight polymers that do not require crosslinking agents for chemical crosslinking. The water-dilutable, physically curing, high-molecular-weight polymers preferably have a mass-average molecular weight M wof over 100,000 Daltons and are in the form of their finely divided dispersions with particle sizes of 1 nm to 1,000 nm and in particular 10 nm to 1,000 nm. They are usually produced by mini- or microemulsion polymerization. Butadiene, styrene, vinyl acetate and (meth)acrylates are particularly preferably used as monomers. The polymer matrix C is formed when the water as a coalescing agent evaporates after application, the previously dispersed polymer particles coalesce and the polymer molecules crosslink by loop formation at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature. The concentrations of the dispersed polymer particles in the impregnating agents can vary very widely and depend on the requirements of the individual case. The concentrations are preferably in the range from 0.1 wt.% to 30 wt.%, more preferably 0.1 wt.% to 25 wt.% and in particular 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.-%, each based on the total amount of an aqueous impregnating agent present. Impregnating agents based on adhesives

[0121] The adhesive matrix (C) is produced by means of at least one adhesive selected from the group consisting of biopolymers, polysaccharides, chemically curing adhesives, polymerization adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives (superglues), methyl methacrylate adhesives, anaerobic curing adhesives, unsaturated polyesters (UP resins), radiation-curing adhesives, polycondensation adhesives, phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesives, silicone-silane crosslinked polymer adhesives, lignin adhesives, polyimide adhesives, polysulfide adhesives, polyaddition adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone-polyisocyanate adhesives, physically setting adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, contact adhesives, dispersion adhesives, cement, cement-based adhesives, foam concrete, gypsum-based adhesives, plastisols, adhesives without a setting mechanism and slaked lime and thereon based adhesives.

[0122] Particularly preferred are aqueous impregnating agents based on epoxy resins for the production of the polymer matrices C.

[0123] Most preferably, these impregnating agents or dispersions contain - Water, - at least one species of flakes B with an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm, - at least one epoxy-reactive wetting agent, in particular a reaction product of polyoxypropylene monoamine (Jeffamine®) with a molar excess of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, - at least one amine-based crosslinking agent, in particular Waterpoxy® 751 (amine adduct, hydrogen equivalent (HEW) = 224, 60 wt.% in water), - at least one curing catalyst.

[0124] The epoxy resin impregnating agents are advantageously used for the production of filter materials protected from microbial contamination as well as the corresponding filters and filter systems that are not yet incorporated into devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide.

[0125] Furthermore, aqueous impregnating agents or dispersions based on physically curing polymers are particularly preferred for the production of biocidal coatings. They are preferably used to protect filter materials, filters, and filter systems that are already installed in devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from microbial contamination. Particularly preferred aqueous dispersions contain - Water, - at least one species of flakes B with an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm and - at least one mini- or microemulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 from 10 nm to <1,000 µm as a physically curable film former. In addition, they preferably contain at least one additive. Preferred additives are - at least one leveling additive or spreading agent, - at least one stabilizing agent, - at least one amphoteric surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant and / or - at least one essential oil.

[0126] The film formers are common and well-known, water-dilutable, physically curing, high-molecular polymers that do not require crosslinking agents for chemical crosslinking.

[0127] Preferably, the water-dilutable, physically curing, high-molecular polymers have a mass-average molecular weight M wof over 100,000 Dalton and are available in the form of finely divided dispersions with particle sizes ranging from 1 nm to 1,000 nm, and especially 10 nm to 1,000 nm. They are usually produced by mini- or microemulsion polymerization.

[0128] Butadiene, styrene, vinyl acetate and (meth)acrylates are particularly preferred as monomers.

[0129] The film formation occurs when the water as a coalescing agent evaporates after application, the previously dispersed polymer particles coalesce and the polymer molecules crosslink by loop formation at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature.

[0130] The concentrations of the dispersed polymer particles in the aqueous dispersions can vary widely and depend on the requirements of the individual case. The concentrations are preferably in the range of 0.1 wt.% to 30 wt.%, more preferably 0.1 wt.% to 25 wt.%, and in particular 0.1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, each based on the total amount of an aqueous dispersion present.

[0131] Preferably, the at least one flow additive or spreading agent is selected from the group consisting of modified and unmodified silicones, in particular poly(dimethylsiloxane), polyacrylates having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Daltons, and cellulose acetobutyrate.

[0132] The concentrations of the leveling additives in the aqueous dispersions according to the invention are preferably from 0.1% by weight to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight and in particular from 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight, in each case based on the amount of film formers in an existing aqueous dispersion.

[0133] Preferably, stabilizers such as fatty acid salts such as sodium oleate, hydroxycarboxylic acid salts such as malates, i.e. salts or esters of malic acid, and citrates, ascorbic acid and polyelectrolyte complexes as described in the German patent application DE 10 2010 001 891 A1 are used.

[0134] Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are sorbitan esters, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers and alkylphenol polyglycol ethers.

[0135] Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants or amphoteric surfactants are the amphoteric surfactants approved under food contact law for cleaning food and beverage equipment, as known, for example, from German patent DE 100 38 377 C2. These have the general formula I. R 2 R 1 RN + -(CR 3 R 4 ) n -COO - (I),

[0136] In the general formula |, the radical R represents an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical having 8 to 25 carbon atoms. Preferably, the radical R represents an aliphatic radical. The aliphatic radical R can be linear or branched; preferably, it is linear. Examples of suitable aliphatic radicals are octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl (lauryl), tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl (cetyl), heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, or ceryl. Of these, the radicals having 8 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular the lauryl radical, are particularly advantageous and are therefore used with particular preference. The radicals R 2 and R 1 are identical or different aliphatic radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable radicals R 1 and R 2 are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, of which methyl radicals are advantageous and therefore particularly preferred. The radicals R3 and R 4 are identical or different and represent aliphatic radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms. Examples of suitable radicals R 3 and R 4 the radicals R described above are 1 and R 2 . Preferably, the residues R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms. The index n stands for an integer from 1 to 4, preferably from 1 to 3, and in particular 1. Accordingly, lauryldimethylcarboxymethylammonium betaine is used with particular preference.

[0137] In particular, the aqueous dispersions according to the invention contain at least one essential oil.

[0138] Examples of essential oil constituents are ocimene, myrcene, linalool, geraniol, neral, citronellal, geranyl acetate, linalyl acetate, carveol, carvacrol, thymol, apiol, cinnamaldehyde, anethole, dillapiole, estragole, coriandrin, limonene, alpha-terpinene, phellandrene, menthol, carvone, menthone, menthofuran, cineole, anethofuran, alpha-bisabolol, alpha-carophyllene, alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinol, sabinene, borneol, camphor, fenchone, bornyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, chamazulene, and beta-carophyllene.

[0139] The essential oils are made from the following plants, plant parts and animal products: African Bluegrass, Aglaia, Ajwain, Elecampane, Elecampane Root, Seaweed Absolute, Ammi Visnage, Amyris, Angelica Seed, Angelica Root, Anise, Starnanis, Artemisia Afra, Artemisia Arborescens, Artemisia Ludoviciana, Valerian, Basil, Basil Sanctum, Sweet Basil, Bay St. Thomas Oil, Benzoin Siam Resinoid, Bergamot, Birch, Savory, Cabreuva, Cadewood, Cadeberries, Cajeput, Calmus, Cananga, Cassia, Champaca Red, Champaca White, Cistus, Citronella Ceylon Type, Citronella Java Type, Clementine, Combava, Copaiba Balsam, Cypriol Nargamotha, Damania, Davana, Dill Seed, Dill Weed, Southernwood, Oakmoss, Verbena, Elemi, Tarragon, Epilobium Augustifolium, Eucalyptus Globulus, Eucalyptus citriodoa, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus dives, Eucalyptus smithii, Fennel, Sitka spruce, Norway spruce, Fokienia, Fragonia, Frangipani, Galbanum, Galangal root, Geranium, Rock cranesbill, Rose geranium, Bourbon geranium, Ginger lily, Goldenrod, Grapefruit,Pink grapefruit, hemp, holy flower, hinoki, ho wood, honey, hops, immortelle, Balkan immortelle, immortelle bracteiferum, ginger, iris, Indian jasmine, Arabian jasmine, Egyptian jasmine, currant, blue chamomile, Roman chamomile, camphor, kanuka, cardamom, carrot seeds, kewra, pine, Scots pine, mountain pine, star pine, stone pine, coriander, coriander herb, caraway, cumin, black cumin, turmeric, turmeric, larch needles, larch resin, bitter lavender, lavandin grosso, lavandin abrial, spike lavender, mailette, highland lavender, Kashmir lavender, Spanish lavender, Ledum, lemongrass, Leptospermum citratum, lovage, lime, linaloe berries, litsea, bay leaf, manolia blossoms, magnolia leaves, Wild Marjoram, Sweet Marjoram, Dead Mandarin, Green Mandarin, Manuka, Lemon Balm, Mimosa, Peppermint, Mitcham, Spearmint, Nana Mint, Medicinal Plant Mint, Lemon Mint, Wild Bergamot, Monarda, Nutmeg, Myrrh, Myrtle, Lemon Myrtle, Honey Myrtle, Spikenard, Clove Leaves, Clove Blossom,Beroli, Niaouli, Oponax, Orange, Blood Orange, Bitter Orange, Spanish Oregano, Oregano Vulgare, Marjoram, Palmarosa, Palo Santo, Patchouli, Peruvian Balsam, Parsley, Petitgrain Bigarade, Petitgrain Lemon, Petitgrain Bergamot, Petitgrain Mandarin, Green Pepper, Black Pepper, Allspice Berries, Pistachio, Tansy, Ravintsara, Ravensara Anisata, Ravensara Aromatica, Rhododendron, Turkish, Bulgarian, White Bulgarian and Persian Rose Petals, Rosemary, Spanish Highland Osmary, French Highland Rosemary, Rosemary Borneon, Rosemary Verbenone, Sage, Lavender Sage, Clary Sage, Sandalwood, Blue Yarrow, Schinus, California Pepper, Schinus Terebinthifolius, Brazilian Pepper, Celery, Styrax, Balsam Fir, Douglas Fir, Hemlock, Giant Fir, Siberian Fir, Silver Fir, Tea Tree, White Cloud Tree, Thuja, Thyme, Field Thyme, Tolu Balsam, Tonka, Tuberose, Vanilla, Violet Leaves, Vetiver, Bourbon Vetifer, Vitex Berries, Chaste Tree, Lantana,Juniper berry, juniper, mountain juniper, African and Indian frankincense, frankincense carterii, wormwood, wintergreen, wormwood, wintergreen, long ylang, hyssop, yuzu, zanthoxylum alatum, Sichuan pepper, Atlas cedarwood, cedar needles, Himalayan cedar, cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, cinnamon, stone pine, lemon yellow and green, false cypress, Lawson cypress, Spanish French, Moroccan and Mexican cypress and blue cypress.

[0140] Many of these essential oils have biocidal properties and a refreshing, calming, or stimulating, pleasant scent. All evaporate without leaving residue.

[0141] The composition of the aqueous dispersions can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.

[0142] A particularly advantageous aqueous dispersion contains, in each case based on the total amount of the aqueous dispersion according to the invention, - 0.001 wt.% (10 ppm) to 30.0 wt.% (300,000 ppm), preferably 0.01 wt.% (100 ppm) to 25.0 wt.% (250,000 ppm), particularly preferably 0.1 wt.% (1,000 ppm) to 20.0 wt.% (200,000 ppm) and very particularly preferably 1 wt.% (10,000 ppm) to 15.0 wt.% (150,000 ppm) of biocidal metal microparticles, - 1.0 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 1.0 wt.% to 15 wt.% and in particular 1.0 wt.% to 10 wt.% of at least one emulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles as film former, - 0.1 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%, preferably 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.% and in particular 0.1 wt.% to 0.5 wt.% of at least one flow control additive, - 0.1 wt.% to 3.0 wt.%, preferably 0.1 wt.% to 2.0 wt.% and in particular 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.% of at least one stabilizing agent, - 0.1 wt.% to 4.0 wt.%, preferably 0.1 wt.% to 3.0 wt.% and in particular 0.1 wt.% to 2.0 wt.% of at least one amphoteric surfactant and / or nonionic surfactant and - 0.01 wt% to 3.0 wt%, preferably 0.01 wt% to 2.0 wt% and in particular 0.01 wt% to 1.0 wt% of at least one essential oil.

[0143] In particular, it consists of water and the components specified above in the quantities specified.

[0144] During application and physical curing of these preferred aqueous dispersions, no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released other than essential oils and water, which is a very significant advantage of these aqueous dispersions.

[0145] In general, it is particularly advantageous if the impregnating agents described above are free of Most Penetrating Particle Size metal microparticles MPPS with an average particle size of d 50from 0.2 µm to 0.4 µm.

[0146] Impregnating agents or dispersions are produced by mixing and homogenizing the above-described components in water. The emulsion polymers are preferably used in the form of their powders obtained by spray drying. The production of the impregnating agents requires no special methodological features, but is carried out according to the conventional and known methods for producing aqueous dispersions by mixing the above-described components in suitable mixing equipment such as stirred tanks, ultrasonic dispersers, dissolvers, Ultraturrax, inline dissolvers, agitator mills, bead mills, static mixers, gear dispersers, countercurrent mixers, or extruders.

[0147] The systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide can be installed in means of transport on land, at sea, and in the air, such as automobiles, buses, trains, subways, ambulances, ships, and airplanes, or in residential buildings, living spaces, storage rooms, cold storage rooms, hospitals, offices, factories, terminals, subway stations, theaters, cinemas, sports halls, operating rooms, laboratories, especially biological and microbiological laboratories, or clean rooms. They can also be located at suitable locations in urban areas where high levels of carbon dioxide emissions occur.

[0148] The aqueous dispersions can be applied to the filter materials, filters, and filter systems directly after their production using conventional and well-known application methods such as dipping, spraying, especially compressed air spraying, airless spraying, air-mix spraying, and hot spraying, curtain coating, brushing, knife coating, two-component coating, roller application, calender coating, wiping, pouring, troweling, strip coating, centrifuging, and drum coating. Spraying methods are preferred, especially when the filter materials, filters, and filter systems are already incorporated into the devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide.

[0149] In a preferred method for impregnating the above-described adsorbent materials A and / or the particulate, inert support materials D, a system is used that comprises an automatic feed of the adsorbent materials A and / or the particulate support materials D onto an endless belt guided over at least two transport rollers and having a vibrating section. The fed adsorbent materials A and / or particulate support materials D are vibrated and, in a first station, sprayed with at least one of the liquid impregnating agents described below. The vibrating ensures that the adsorbent materials A and / or particulate support materials D are coated as evenly as possible.In a second station, the impregnating agents are thermally cured – also with vibration – in a continuous furnace, with IR emitters and / or with UV radiation, so that the biocidal coating consisting of the polymer and / or adhesive matrix C and the flakes B forms on the adsorbent materials A and / or particulate carrier materials D. The vibration prevents the particles or fibers from sticking together and the cured impregnating agents from forming firmly adhering films on the endless belt. Should this occur to some extent, the impregnated adsorbent materials A and / or particulate carrier materials D are separated in a third station and then discharged into a storage vessel. The residues of cured impregnating agents adhering to the endless belt are scraped off with doctor blades after the endless belt is deflected.

[0150] The application of the impregnating agents described above onto and / or into the installed filter materials, filters and filter systems as well as the above-mentioned further components of the devices for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide is carried out according to the invention by means of a suitable installed application device.

[0151] The application device is mounted externally on a support plate, preferably a metal support plate. Examples of suitable metals are anodized aluminum and stainless steel. The support plate, in turn, is removably mounted in at least one wall, in particular the wall of an air duct, of the device for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide.

[0152] The shape of the support plate is adapted to the shape of the wall to which it is connected. Thus, the support plate is flat when inserted into a planar wall. For connections to circular air ducts, the support plate is curved accordingly.

[0153] Preferably, the application device is arranged near the installed filters and / or filter systems and / or at an easily accessible location within the systems. In a further preferred embodiment, the application device according to the invention is arranged at a central distribution point of said systems.

[0154] Preferably, the components of the application device whose inner surfaces come into contact with the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion, in particular with the aqueous film-forming silver flake B dispersion, the aqueous film-forming copper flake B dispersion, and / or the rinsing liquid described below, are partially or entirely lined with an inert, hydrophobic plastic. Alternatively, the components are made of such an inert, hydrophobic plastic.

[0155] Examples of suitable plastics are those described above. In particular, linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly structured (co)polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers are suitable.

[0156] Examples of suitable (co)polymers are (meth)acrylate (co)polymers and / or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and / or their copolymers.

[0157] Other suitable plastics are Teflon and polyoxymethylene POM.

[0158] The application device includes - at least one, in particular one, storage vessel for an aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion, at least containing biocidal metal microparticles B of an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm and at least one, in particular one, mini- or microemulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 from 10 nm to <1,000 µm as a physically curable film former, - at least one, in particular one, piston metering device and / or at least one metering pump, in particular at least two metering pumps, in fluid communication with the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion and - at least one, in particular one, conveying pipeline with a channel for supplying the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion from the at least one piston metering device and / or the at least one metering pump to at least one, in particular one, hydraulic nebulizing nozzle, at least one membrane nebulizer and / or at least one, in particular one, ultrasonic atomizer for nebulizing at least one, in particular an aerosol, into the air flow to at least one built-in air filter, in particular at least two air filters.

[0159] The application device preferably comprises at least one, in particular one, storage vessel for a rinsing liquid. Water, in particular deionized water, distilled water, ultrapure water, or ultrapure water, is preferably used as the rinsing liquid. The water may contain a small amount of a surfactant or wetting agent.

[0160] The at least one piston dosing device preferably comprises a circular piston disc which can be moved in a controlled manner and has a spur arranged centrally on the product side and which is complementary to a central constriction of the storage vessel on its outlet side.

[0161] On the constriction of the storage vessel, on its outlet side, there is a centrally arranged tube with a vertical channel. The constriction and the tube are preferably fluidly connected to the channel of the production pipeline via a check valve. This arrangement is inserted into the complementarily shaped receiving recess, which has a compressible elastic seal.

[0162] The circular piston disc can be moved or displaced electrically, magnetically, or mechanically. It is preferably displaced in a controlled manner using a vertical piston rod or rack centrally located on the piston disc, with a row of teeth complementary to the ring gear of a drive gear.

[0163] Preferably, the drive gear is driven by an electric motor. The assembly, comprising the drive gear, the electric motor, and a bracket, can be removed from the piston rod or rack, for example, by folding it to the side. The piston rod can then be removed together with the piston disc, and the reservoir can be refilled or removed entirely.

[0164] In this way, a correspondingly shaped syringe for the rinsing fluid can be inserted into the complementarily shaped receiving recess, which has a compressible elastic seal.

[0165] In the embodiment of the device according to the invention with at least one, in particular one, metering pump, this is preferably selected from the group consisting of external gear pumps, internal gear pumps, vane pumps, peristaltic pumps, gear ring pumps, screw pumps, eccentric screw pumps, rotary lobe pumps, peristaltic hose pumps and diaphragm pumps.

[0166] In this embodiment, the storage vessel for the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion has a closure for the filling opening with a pressure equalization.

[0167] In this embodiment, a storage vessel for the rinsing liquid is preferably provided, which also has a closure for the filling opening with a pressure equalization.

[0168] This embodiment of the invention particularly preferably comprises a conveying and cleaning device for - an outlet channel for the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle dispersion from the storage vessel to a check valve, - a supply line from the check valve to the suction side of the dosing pump and - the channel of the conveying pipeline to the at least one hydraulic nebulising nozzle, the at least one membrane nebuliser and / or the at least one ultrasonic atomiser The conveying and cleaning device comprises the following components: - at least one conveying pipeline for the rinsing liquid from the at least one storage vessel to the suction side of at least one dosing pump for the rinsing liquid, - at least one delivery pipeline from the discharge side of the at least one dosing pump through at least one check valve to the inlet into the channel of the delivery pipeline behind the discharge side of the at least one dosing pump, - at least one branch of the at least one delivery pipeline between the at least one metering pump and the at least one check valve to at least one delivery pipeline with at least one branch to at least two check valves and - a continuation of the at least one branched conveying pipeline on the outlet side of the at least two check valves, wherein one continuation opens into the outlet channel at the inlet and wherein the other continuation opens into the supply line at the inlet.

[0169] Preferably, the at least one hydraulic atomizing nozzle is selected from the group consisting of single-component pressure nozzles, lamella-forming single-component pressure nozzles, hollow cone pressure nozzles and flat jet nozzles.

[0170] Preferably, the at least one membrane nebulizer comprises a liquid reservoir, a piezoceramic ring and a perforated noble metal membrane, in particular a gold membrane.

[0171] Preferably, the at least one ultrasonic nebulizer comprises a piezoceramic ultrasonic generator and a closed vessel for a preserved hydrogel for transmitting the ultrasonic waves to the aqueous dispersion or the rinsing liquid in an ultrasonic atomization vessel arranged in the preserved hydrogel with an outlet opening for the nebulized aqueous film-forming metal microparticle dispersion or the nebulized rinsing liquid.

[0172] Preferably, the at least one ultrasonic nebulizer is arranged in the air flow of a vertical air duct or an air duct deviating from the vertical at an angle of ±30°.

[0173] In the preferred embodiments of the application devices, the at least one conveying pipeline is fastened in the bore of the carrier plate by means of a detachable, force-locking connection, e.g. a screw or bayonet connection, in such a way that its channel inside the air line is fluidly connected with the channel outside the air line in a precisely fitting manner.

[0174] Preferably, the support plate is secured to the at least one wall of the at least one air duct by means of at least two lockable and releasable, positive-locking or positive- and non-positive-locking connections, such as snap locks. Preferably, the circumferential gap between the support plate and the wall of the air duct is sealed with a compressible, elastic seal.

[0175] Particularly preferably, the application device is surrounded by a protective housing with a closable inspection and maintenance opening.

[0176] The application device preferably has mountings for its components and functional peripherals for its operation, consisting of mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, optical, electrical, and electronic computing, switching, measuring, and control devices, electric motors, pneumatically operated motors, power storage units, actuators, electrical, optical, hydraulic, and pneumatic lines, data transfer lines, level sensors, interior and exterior lighting, alarm devices, timers, and visual displays. Multiple application devices can be connected to a central electronic control and monitoring system.

[0177] In order to prevent the precipitation of components of the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion or to redisperse precipitated components, the at least one storage vessel has at least one external homogenization device selected from the group consisting of vibrators, ultrasonic generators, piezo-ultrasonic generators, piezo loudspeakers, moving coils, magnetostatic ribbon, foil or jet tweeter loudspeakers, electrostatic loudspeakers, horn drivers, bending wave transducers, plasma loudspeakers, electromagnetic loudspeakers, exciters or ultrasonic transducers.

[0178] In a preferred method for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide, air from the environment or room air is blown or sucked through the filters and filter systems according to the invention into large outdoor systems or stationary and mobile room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems and heating systems. The filters and filter systems according to the invention, which contain the filter materials according to the invention, are heatable and are located in at least one filter chamber which can be closed on the air inlet and outlet sides and which has the shape of a vertical tube, for example. In the inlet area of ​​the filter chamber there is a closable outlet for desorbed carbon dioxide which is closed during the adsorption phase or flow-through phase. Depending on the intended use of the systems, coarse filters and / or air drying filters and / or air humidifiers can be connected upstream of the inlet of the at least one filter chamber.

[0179] During the adsorption phase or flow-through phase, the filter material of the filters and filter systems, which is protected from microbial contamination according to the invention, adsorbs the carbon dioxide from the air. When the filter material is saturated through adsorptive action, the filter chamber is sealed at the inlet and outlet, the sealed outlet for the desorbed carbon dioxide is opened, and the filter material is heated, preferably to temperatures below 100°C, so that the carbon dioxide is desorbed and extracted through the outlet for further use. The outlet is then sealed again. The evacuated filter chamber is allowed to cool, and once the ambient temperature is reached again, air is admitted, and the absorption / desorption cycle begins again. This procedure is therefore also referred to as the temperature swing process.

[0180] It is advantageous to connect two such filter chambers in parallel, so that one filter chamber is in the adsorption phase while the other is in the desorption phase. This allows for continuous operation without interruption.

[0181] It should be emphasized that this method according to the invention can also be carried out with other carbon dioxide-containing gas mixtures such as flue gases or exhaust gases from cement kilns after the structural and material adaptation of the plants to higher temperatures.

[0182] Advantageous embodiments of the application devices are described with reference to Fig. 1 to 6 are explained in more detail. Fig.Figures 1 to 6 are schematic representations intended to explain the principle and function of the application devices. Since the person skilled in the art can consider further embodiments within the scope of the present invention based on this teaching without performing an inventive activity, the Fig. 1 to 6 do not apply to the invention.

[0183] An advantageous embodiment of a filter material according to the invention is described with reference to Fig. 7. An advantageous embodiment of a plant or device for the adsorption / desorption cycle or the temperature swing process is explained with reference to Fig. 8. The Fig. 7 and Fig.8 are schematic representations and are intended to explain the principle and function of the filter materials according to the invention and the systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide. Since the person skilled in the art can consider further embodiments within the scope of the present invention based on this teaching without engaging in inventive activity, the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 does not include the invention. It shows Fig. 1 shows a top view of a central vertical longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with a hydraulic nozzle atomizing device 1; 2.8 for spraying aqueous film-forming metal flake B dispersions 1.2; 1.2S into the horizontal or vertical air flow LS of an air duct 3 of an air conditioning system; Fig.2 shows a top view of a central vertical longitudinal section through a device according to the invention with a membrane nebulizer 1; 6 with a storage container 1.1 for the aqueous film-forming metal flake B dispersion 1.2 and a storage container 4 for an aqueous rinsing liquid 4.1 and a membrane nebulizer 6; Fig. 3 the plan view of the dosing and cleaning device FSV in the enlarged section A of the Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows the top view of the central longitudinal section through the vertically arranged storage container 1.1 for the aqueous film-forming metal flake dispersion 1.2 of an ultrasonic atomization device 1 according to the invention; 10 for the vertical air flow LS of a vertical air duct 3 of an air conditioning system; Fig.5 shows the top view of the central longitudinal section through the storage container 1.1 for the aqueous film-forming metal flake dispersion 1.2 and the storage container 4 for the aqueous rinsing liquid 4.1 of the ultrasonic atomization device 1; 10 according to the invention, which are vertically aligned next to one another; and Fig. 6 the top view of the central longitudinal section through the ultrasonic nebulizing device 10 with a nozzle 2.9 with a tear-off edge to avoid the teapot effect when feeding the film-forming metal flake dispersion 1.2 into the nebulizer 10.4. Fig. 7 shows the top view through the cross section of a supported filter material 11.1 according to the invention as a section of a filter 11; and Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a plant or device 12 for the adsorption / desorption cycle or the temperature swing process.

[0184] In the Fig.1 to 7, the reference symbols have the following meaning: 1 application device for protecting filters 11 and filter systems 11 from contamination; hydraulic nozzle nebulizer; membrane nebulizer; ultrasonic nebulizer; 1.1 Storage vessel with a circular cross-section for the aqueous film-forming metal microparticles B dispersion 1.2, the aqueous film-forming silver flake dispersion 1.2 or the aqueous film-forming copper flake dispersion B dispersion 1.2; the aqueous dispersion in general 1.2 Aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion, aqueous film-forming silver flake B dispersion or aqueous film-forming copper flake B dispersion; aqueous dispersion in general 1.2S Aerosol; sprayed or nebulized aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion, aqueous film-forming silver flake B dispersion, or aqueous film-forming copper flake B dispersion; general: sprayed or nebulized aqueous dispersion 1.3 Controlled sliding, circular piston disc with sliding edge seal; dosing device; piston dosing device 1.4 Central constriction of the storage vessel 1.1 on its outlet side 1.5 On the constriction 1.4 centrally located tube with a vertical channel 1.6 Vertical piston rod or rack centrally located on the piston disc 1.3 1.7 Complementary row of teeth to the drive gear 1.8 1.8 Drive gear 1.9 Complementary toothed rim of the gear 1.8 to the tooth row 1.7 1.10 Gear hub 1.8 1.11 Direction of rotation 1.12 Complementary spur on the product side of the piston 1.3 for central constriction 1.4 1.13 Electric stepper motor 1.14 Separation of the contact between the row of teeth 1.7 and the ring gear 1.9 1.15 Marking 1.16 Closure of the filling opening for the dispersion 1.2 with pressure compensation 1.17 Dosing pump for aqueous dispersion 1.2 (external gear pumps, internal gear pumps, vane pumps, peristaltic pumps, gerotor pumps, screw pumps, eccentric screw pumps, rotary lobe pumps, peristaltic pumps and diaphragm pumps) 1.18 Conveying direction 1.19 Vibrator, ultrasonic generator in general, piezo-ultrasonic generator; piezo loudspeaker, moving coil, magnetostatic ribbon, foil or jet tweeter loudspeaker, electrostatic loudspeaker, horn driver, bending wave transducer, plasma loudspeaker, electromagnetic loudspeaker, exciter or ultrasonic transducer; homogenizing device< 1.20 Hydrogel 1.21 Flexible plastic film 1.22 Sound waves 1.23 Outlet channel for the aqueous dispersion 1.2 1.24 Check valve at the end of the outlet channel 1.23 1.25 Supply line from the check valve 1.24 to the suction side of the dosing pump 1.17 2 Removable support plate 2.1 Check valve 2.2 Mounting nozzle 2.3 Complementary receiving recess with compressible elastic seal for the central constriction 1.4 and the tube 1.5 arranged centrally 2.4 Lockable connection between the wall 3 of the air duct 3.1 and the support plate 2; positive or positive and force-locking connection 2.5 Compressible elastic seal 2.6 Delivery pipeline for the aqueous dispersion 1.2 2.7 Channel for the aqueous dispersion 1.2 or the aqueous rinsing liquid 4.1 2.8 Hydraulic atomization nozzle; single-component pressure nozzle; lamella-forming single-component pressure nozzle; hollow cone pressure nozzle; flat jet nozzle 2.9 Spout with drip edge 2.10 Screw connection; force-locking connection 2.11 Drilling through the support plate 2 3 Wall of the air duct 3.1 3.1 Air line 4 Storage container for the rinsing liquid 4.1 4.1 Flushing liquid 4.1S Aerosol; nebulized rinsing liquid 4.2 Delivery pipeline for the flushing liquid 4.1 4.3 Dosing pump for the rinsing liquid 4.1 (external gear pump, internal gear pump, vane pump, peristaltic pump, rotary lobe pump, hose pump, diaphragm pump) 4.4 Conveying direction 4.5 Conveying pipeline for the flushing liquid 4.1 through the check valves 4.8 for introduction 4.6 into the supply line 1.25 and for introduction 4.13 into the outlet channel for the aqueous dispersion 1.23 4.6 Introduction of the rinsing liquid 4.1 into the supply line 1.25 4.7 Closure of the filling opening for the rinsing liquid 4.1 with pressure compensation 4.8 Check valve in the delivery pipeline 4.5 4.9 Check valve 4.10 Delivery pipeline for the flushing liquid 4.1 through the check valve 4.9 to the introduction 4.12 4.11 Junction 4.12 Introduction of the flushing liquid 4.1 into the channel 2.7 of the conveying pipeline 2.6 5 protective housings 5.1 Hinge 5.2 Lockable inspection and maintenance opening; cover 5.3 Security lock 6 membrane nebulizers 6.1 Liquid reservoir 6.2 Piezoceramic ring 6.3 Perforated gold membrane 7 supports; horizontal perforated plate 8 Bracket with loop for tension ring 9 or tension belt 9 9 tension ring; tension strap 10 ultrasonic nebulizers; Ultrasonic nebulizer 10.1 Piezoceramic ultrasonic generator 10.2 Vessel for the hydrogel 10.3 for transmitting the ultrasound waves 10.10 10.3 Preserved hydrogel 10.4 Ultrasonic atomizing or nebulizing vessel 10.5 Outlet opening for the aerosol 1.2S or 4.1S 10.6 Circumferential holder for the ultrasonic atomization or nebulization vessel 10.4 10.7 Check valve 10.8 Holder and lid for the vessel 10.2 10.9 Detachable connecting device; screw connection; bayonet connection 10.10 Ultrasonic waves 10.11 Fastening the bracket 10.8 or the cover 10.8 to the conveyor pipeline 2.6 11 Filter or filter system (excerpt) 11.1 Filter material (excerpt) 11.2 Particles from NiFeCo alloys (mu-metal) 12 Plant protected from germs for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from the air 12.1 Filter chamber 12.2 Air supply 12.3 Fan 12.4 Supplied air 12.5 Nitrogen line 12.6 Check valve; through valve 12.7 For the heatable filter material 11.1; 11.2 impermeable upper grid 12.8 Upper gate valve 12.9 Check valve; through valve 12.10 Carbon dioxide line 12.11 Vacuum pump 12.12 Induction coil 12.13 For the heatable filter material 11.1; 11.2 impermeable lower grid 12.14 Lower gate valve 12.15 Carbon dioxide sensor 12.16 Air discharge 12.17 Carbon dioxide-free air A section ( Fig. 2 and Fig. 3); adsorption material ( Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) B Biocidal metal microflakes ( Fig. 7 and 8) C Polymer and / or adhesive matrix ( Fig. 7) D Carrier material ( Fig. 7) FSV conveying and cleaning device H Horizontal air duct 3.1 LS airflow SR Closing direction of check valves 1.24, 2.1, 4.8, 4.9 and 10.7 V Vertical air duct 3.1 Detailed description of the figuresPreliminary remarks on figures 1 to 6

[0185] All components of the application devices 1 of the Fig.1 to 6, whose inner surfaces come into contact with the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle B dispersion 1.2, in particular with the aqueous film-forming silver flake B dispersion 1.2, the aqueous film-forming copper flake B dispersion 1.2, and / or the rinsing liquid 4.1, are partially or completely lined with an inert, hydrophobic plastic. Alternatively, the components are made of such an inert, hydrophobic plastic.

[0186] Depending on the mechanical requirements, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is used for the storage vessels 1.2 and 4, the delivery lines 1.23, 1.25, 2.6; 2.7; 4.2; 4.5, the spout 2.9 with drip edge, the hydrogel vessel 10.2, and the ultrasonic atomization vessel 10.4. Depending on the specific mechanical requirements, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is used. The metering pumps 1.17 and 4.3, particularly the gear pumps 1.17 and 4.3, as well as the check valves 1.24, 2.1; 4.8; 4.9; 10.7, are made of polyoxymethylene or impact-modified polystyrene. The piston disc 1.3 is made of an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer elastomer (EPDM).

[0187] The fluid connections between the components are plug-in connections, screw connections or adhesive connections, depending on the given requirements.

[0188] The support plates 2 and the receiving nozzle 2.2 are made of anodized aluminum. The circumferential seals 2.5 are made of an ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer (EPDM). The support plates 2 are secured in the walls 3 of the air ducts 3.1 using combination locks 2.4, forming a positive and non-positive connection.

[0189] Piezo-ultrasonic generators are used as external homogenization devices 1.19 for dispersion A or dispersion B in the storage vessels 1.1. The ultrasonic waves are radiated either directly through the wall of the storage vessel 1.1 into dispersions A or B or via a hydrogel 1.20 enclosed by a flexible plastic film 1.21 as a transmitter.

[0190] The arrows marked SR on the check valves 1.24; 2.1; 4.8; 4.9 indicate the closing direction of the valves.

[0191] The Fig.The embodiments of the application devices 1 described in Figures 1 to 6 contain conventional and known holders for their components and a functional periphery for their operation consisting of conventional and known mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, optical, electrical and electronic computing, switching, measuring and control devices, electric motors, pneumatically operated motors, power storage devices, actuators, electrical, optical, hydraulic and pneumatic lines, data transfer lines, level sensors, interior and exterior lighting, alarm devices, timers and optical displays. The person skilled in the art can select and install these holders and these peripheral components according to the respective specifications and requirements without any inventive effort of their own. Fig. For the sake of clarity, the functional periphery is therefore not shown or only indicated in Figures 1 to 6.

[0192] The dimensions of the components of the application devices 1 and their number can vary widely and depend primarily on the size of the stationary systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide and the stationary and mobile room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems and heating systems as well as on the number of filters 11 and filter systems 11. The person skilled in the art can therefore adapt the dimensions to the respective requirements without being inventive himself.

[0193] The film-forming metal microparticle B dispersions used are dispersions A and B described below.

[0194] Dispersion A consists of distilled water and, based on the total amount of Dispersion A, - 2.0 wt.% of commercially available silver flakes B with an average particle size d determined by light microscopy 50 of 2.4 µm, - 6.0 wt.% of a miniemulsion copolymer of styrene, butadiene and butyl methacrylate in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 of 50 nm as a physically curable film former, - 1.0 wt.% modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a leveling additive or spreading agent, - 1.5 wt% sodium citrate as a stabilizer, - 2.0 wt.% lauryldimethylcarboxymethylammonium betaine as amphoteric surfactant and - 1.0% by weight of an essential oil obtained from the Swiss stone pine.

[0195] The composition of dispersion B corresponds to that of dispersion A, except that instead of silver microflakes B, copper microflakes B with an average particle size d determined by light microscopy are used. 50 of 3.0 µm can be used.

[0196] Dispersions A and B are free of Most Penetrating Particle Size metal microparticles MPPS with an average particle size d50 from 0.2 µm to 0.4 µm.

[0197] The virucidal activity of dispersions A and B against the enveloped bacteriophage phi6DSM 21518 was tested according to DIN EN ISO 20776-1 "Susceptibility testing of infectious agents - Part 1: Reference method for testing the in vitro activity of antimicrobial substances." Both dispersions A and B had an efficacy of 99.999%.

[0198] A 0.5 wt.% solution of lauryldimethylcarboxymethylammonium betaine in distilled water is used as rinsing agent 4.1. Figure 1

[0199] The application device 1 according to the Fig.1 serves to protect against microbial contamination of filters 11 installed in the air ducts 3.1 enclosed by walls 3 of stationary systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide and stationary and mobile room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, and heating systems. Their components are arranged on the outside of a horizontal support plate 2, with the support plate 2 being removably attached to the wall 3 of at least one horizontal air duct 3.1 and sealed all around with the seal 2.5.

[0200] The application device 1 contains a storage vessel 1.1 for a dispersion A 1.2 or a dispersion B 1.2 with a piston dosing device 1.3 and a conveying pipeline 2.6 with a channel 2.7 for supplying the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 from the piston dosing device 1.3 to a flat jet nozzle 2.8 as a hydraulic nebulizing nozzle 2.8 for nebulizing an aerosol 1.2S into the air flow LS to at least one built-in filter 11. The aerosol 1.2S of the dispersion A or the dispersion B is transported by the air flow LS either through a horizontal air line H or a vertical air line V to the filter 11 (not shown) and intercepted by the filter material 11.1. During this process, the water and the essential oil evaporate and the non-volatile residue physically hardens, thereby fixing the biocidal silver or copper microflakes B on the filter materials 11.1.

[0201] The delivery pipe 2.6 with a channel 2.7 extends at a 90° angle from the inside of the support plate 2 into the interior of the air line 3.1 H or 3.1 V. It is bent inside such that the flat jet nozzle 2.8 sprays the aerosol 1.2S in the direction of the air flow LS. The delivery pipe 2.6 is connected to a screw connection 2.10 in a through-bore 2.11 in such a way that the channel 2.7 is fluidly connected to the outlet side of the check valve.

[0202] The piston metering device 1.3 is a controlled, movable, circular piston disc 1.3 with a spur 1.12 located centrally on the product side, which complements a central constriction 1.4 of the storage vessel 1.1 on its outlet side. The piston disc 1.3; 1.12 is moved in a controlled manner by a vertical piston rod or rack 1.6 located centrally on the piston disc 1.3, with a row of teeth 1.7 that complements the gear rim 1.9 of a drive gear 1.8, thereby forcing the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 out of the storage vessel 1.1.

[0203] The hub 1.10 of the drive gear 1.8 is connected to an electric stepper motor 1.13, which rotates the drive gear 1.8 in the direction of rotation 1.11 for the controlled lowering of the piston disc 1.3. The assembly 1.8; 1.10; 1.13 is attached to a movable device (not shown) that can be folded away from the rack.

[0204] On the constriction 1.4 of the storage vessel 1.1, on its outlet side, there is a centrally arranged tube 1.5 with a vertical channel. The constriction 1.4 and the tube 1.5 are fluidly connected to the channel 2.7 of the production pipeline 2.6 via a check valve 2.1. The arrangement 1.4; 1.5 is inserted into the complementarily shaped receiving recess 2.3 of the receiving nozzle 2.2. The receiving recess 2.3 has a compressible elastic seal.

[0205] For flushing purposes, the arrangement comprising the components 1.1; 1.2; 1.3.; 1.6; 1.7; 1.8; 1.9; 1.4; 1.5; 2.1 can be replaced with a correspondingly shaped syringe (not shown) for the flushing liquid 4.1. Figures 2 and 3

[0206] The application device 1 according to the Fig. 2 and Fig.3 are also arranged on a horizontal support plate 2 on the outside, the support plate 2 being in the wall 3 of a horizontal air duct 3.1, as in the Fig. 1, is removably attached again.

[0207] The device 1 according to the invention according to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 comprises a storage vessel 1.1 for the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 and a metering pump 1.17 in fluid communication with the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2. The metering pump 1.17 is an external gear pump driven by an electric stepper motor, which conveys the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 in the direction of rotation 1.18 into a conveying pipeline 2.6 with a channel 2.7 for supplying the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 to a membrane nebulizer 6 for nebulizing the aerosol 1.2S into the air flow LS to a built-in filter 11.

[0208] The membrane nebulizer 6 contains a liquid reservoir 6.1 for the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2, a piezoceramic ring 6.2 and a perforated precious metal membrane 6.3.

[0209] Due to the Fig. 2, the membrane nebulizer 6 is fluidly connected at an angle of 90° via the conveying pipeline 2.6 with its channel 2.7 to the inside of the carrier plate 2 by a screw connection 2.10 in the through-hole 2.11 through the carrier plate 2 to the conveying and cleaning device FSV in the cutout A of the Fig. 2. The conveying and cleaning device FSV is installed in the Fig. 3 is explained in more detail.

[0210] The storage vessel 1.1 has a closure 1.16 for the filling opening with a pressure equalization.

[0211] The application device 1 has a storage vessel 4 for the rinsing liquid 4.1, which, like the storage vessel 1.1, is arranged vertically on the support plate 2. The storage vessel 4 for the rinsing liquid 4.1 also has a closure 4.7 for the filling opening with a pressure equalization.

[0212] The storage vessel 1.1 and the storage vessel 1.2 are fluidly connected to the conveying and cleaning device FSV (see Fig. 3).

[0213] The FSV comprises an outlet channel 1.23 for the dispersion A 1.2 the dispersion B 1.2 from the storage vessel 1.1 to the check valve 1.24, a supply line 1.25 from the check valve 1.24 to the suction side of the external gear pump 1.17 and the channel 2.7 of the delivery pipe 2.6 to the membrane nebulizer 6.

[0214] From the outlet of the storage vessel 4, a delivery pipeline 4.2 for the flushing liquid 4.1 extends to the suction side of the external gear pump 4.3 for the flushing liquid 4.1. The delivery pipeline 4.10 extends from the discharge side of the external gear pump 4.3 through the check valve 4.9 to the inlet 4.12 into the channel 2.7 of the delivery pipeline 2.6 behind the discharge side of the external gear pump 1.17. The branch 4.11 of the delivery pipeline 4.10 between the external gear pump 4.3 and the check valve 4.9 runs to at least one delivery pipeline 4.5 with the branch 4.11 to two check valves 4.8. The outlet of one check valve 4.8 is fluidly connected to the inlet 4.13 into the outlet channel 1.23. The outlet of the other check valve 4.8 is connected to the inlet 4.6 in the supply line 1.25.

[0215] The FSV conveying and cleaning device thus allows the supply line to the membrane nebulizer 6 and the membrane nebulizer 6 itself to be completely flushed after spraying Dispersion A 1.2 or Dispersion B 1.2, preventing solids from accumulating in the lines, pumps, check valves, and membrane nebulizer. Due to the use of water with a low surfactant content, there is also no risk of the physically cured, biocidal coatings on the air filter materials being dissolved again by the 4.1S flushing agent aerosol.

[0216] The components of the device 1, located on the outside of the support plate 2, are enclosed by a protective housing 5 made of anodized aluminum. The protective housing 5 has an inspection and maintenance opening 5.2, which can be closed with a security lock 5.3 and whose cover is attached to the hinge 5.1. Figures 4 to 6

[0217] The application device 1 according to the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 comprises the same components as the device 1 according to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 only that in this embodiment, the storage vessels 1.1 and 4.1 are arranged parallel to the vertical air line 3.1; LS; V. The storage vessels 1.1 and 4.1 are therefore supported by the perforated plate 7 and are each secured by two tensioning straps 9. The tensioning straps 9 are each guided through a holder with loops that are attached to the support plate 2.

[0218] This embodiment of the application device 1 according to the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is ideally suited to disperse the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 as well as the rinsing liquid 4.1 using the ultrasonic nebulizer 10 according to the Fig. 6 into the vertical air flow LS; V to atomize.

[0219] The ultrasonic nebulizer 10 comprises the piezoceramic ultrasonic generator 10.1 and the closed vessel 10.2 for a preserved hydrogel 10.3 for transmitting the ultrasonic waves 10.10 to the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 or the rinsing liquid 4.1 in the ultrasonic atomization vessel 10.4 arranged in the preserved hydrogel 10.3, with an outlet opening 10.5 for the nebulized dispersion A 1.2S or the nebulized dispersion B 1.2S and the rinsing liquid 4.1S. The piezoceramic ultrasonic generator 10.1 is arranged on the underside of the vessel 10.2. The vessel 10.2 is detachably attached to the holder 10.8 by means of a bayonet connection 10.9. The upper wall of the support 10.8 contains the check valve 10.7, through which any excess pressure that may develop in the closed vessel 10.2 can be released. The support 8 is fixed to the production pipeline by means of the fastening 10.11.The ultrasonic atomization vessel 10.4 is arranged centrally in the holder 10.8 and is secured by the circumferential holder 10.6.

[0220] At the end of the channel 2.7 of the conveying line 2.6, the nozzle 2.9 with drip edge is attached so that the dispersion A 1.2 or the dispersion B 1.2 as well as the rinsing liquid 4.1 can be easily filled into the ultrasonic atomization vessel 10.4. Figures 7 and 8Preliminary remark

[0221] Before producing the filter materials 11.1 according to the invention, the respective amount of impregnating agent that may be applied to the respective adsorbent materials A is determined by means of comparative test series, so that the absorption capacity of the adsorbent materials A for carbon dioxide is reduced by the biocidal coatings produced on the adsorbent materials A or by the fixed flakes B to a maximum of 50% of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent materials A free of fixed flakes B.

[0222] For the production of the filter materials 11.1 according to the invention described below, the impregnating agents are used in a respective amount such that the absorption capacity of the adsorbent material A used in each case for carbon dioxide is reduced by the biocidal coating produced on the adsorbent material A or by the fixed flakes B to 9% of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent materials A free of fixed flakes B. Preparation Example 1The preparation of an epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion as an impregnating agent

[0223] 2 parts by weight of commercially available silver flakes B with an average particle size d determined by light microscopy 50 of 2.4 µm are dispersed in 100 parts by weight of an 80% aqueous solution of an epoxy-reactive wetting agent. The wetting agent is the reaction product of a polyoxypropylene monoamine (Jeffamine®) with a molar excess of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. This resulted in 102 parts by weight of a dispersion with a silver flake B content of 1.96 wt.%, based on the solids content.

[0224] The 102 parts by weight of silver flake B dispersion are mixed with 398 parts by weight of a 56 wt.% aqueous dispersion of Waterpoxy® 1455 from BASF SE. The 500 parts by weight of the resulting epoxy resin silver flake dispersion are mixed with 70 parts by weight of Waterpoxy® 751 (amine adduct, hydrogen equivalent (HEW) = 224, 60 wt.% in water) from BASF SE as a curing catalyst. The resulting 550 parts by weight of the dispersion are homogenized. The ready-to-spray dispersion has a solids content of 36 wt.% based on its total weight. Before application to the absorber materials A, it is stirred for 10 minutes to optimize the spray viscosity. Preparation Example 2The preparation of an epoxy resin copper flake B dispersion as an impregnating agent

[0225] Preparation Example 1 is repeated, except that instead of silver flakes B, 2.0 parts by weight of copper flakes B with a mean particle size d determined by light microscopy are used. 50 of 3.0 µm can be used. Preparation Example 3The preparation of a sodium carbonate adsorbent material A supported on activated carbon pellets D

[0226] Activated carbon pellets D with a mean particle size determined by sieve analysis or a Sauter diameter of 6 mm to 8 mm are stored in a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution in a pressure vessel for 24 hours at room temperature. To accelerate impregnation, a negative pressure is applied over the sodium carbonate solution and the activated carbon pellets D, allowing the adsorbed air to escape more quickly from the pores of the activated carbon pellets D. The activated carbon pellets are then filtered and dried in a convection oven at 150°C. Production Example 4The production of a filter material 11.1 according to the invention based on the sodium carbonate adsorber material A

[0227] The particulate sodium carbonate adsorber material A from Preparation Example 3 is impregnated with the epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion from Preparation Example 1 in a coating system. The coating system comprises an automatic feed of the sodium carbonate adsorber material A onto an endless belt guided over three transport rollers with a vibrating section. The supplied sodium carbonate adsorber material A is vibrated and, in a first station, sprayed with the epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion from Preparation Example 1. The vibrating ensures that the sodium carbonate adsorber material A is coated as evenly as possible. In a second station, the impregnating agent is thermally cured with IR emitters in a continuous furnace—also while vibrating—so that the biocidal coating consisting of the polymer matrix C and the silver flakes B forms on the adsorber material A.The vibration prevents the particles from sticking together and the cured impregnating agent from forming firmly adhering coatings or films on the endless belt. Should this occur to some extent, the impregnated sodium carbonate adsorbent material A is separated in a third station and then discharged into a storage vessel and stored under nitrogen until use. The residues of cured impregnating agent adhering to the endless belt are scraped off with doctor blades after the endless belt is deflected. Production Example 5The production of a filter material 11.1 according to the invention based on the sodium carbonate adsorber material A

[0228] Preparation Example 4 is repeated, except that instead of the epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion of Preparation Example 1, epoxy resin copper flake B dispersion of Preparation Example 2 is used. Preparation Example 6The preparation of a filter material 11.1 according to the invention based on a weakly basic anion exchange resin A in the hydroxide form

[0229] Lewatit® VP OC 1065 from Lanxess is impregnated with the epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion of Preparation Example 1 in the corresponding coating system as described in Preparation Example 4. The resulting filter material 11.1 according to the invention is discharged into a storage vessel and stored under nitrogen until use. Preparation Example 7The preparation of a filter material 11.1 according to the invention based on a strongly basic anion exchange resin A in the hydroxide form

[0230] Amberlyst® A26 from Merck, a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the hydroxide form containing quaternary amino groups, is impregnated with the epoxy resin silver flake B dispersion of Preparation Example 1 in the corresponding coating system as described in Preparation Example 4. The resulting filter material according to the invention is discharged into a storage vessel and stored under nitrogen until use. Production Examples 8 to 11 The production of heatable filter materials according to the invention 11.1; 11.2

[0231] For Preparation Example 8, the filter material 11.1 according to the invention from Preparation Example 4 is used.

[0232] For Preparation Example 9, the filter material 11.1 according to the invention from Preparation Example 5 is used.

[0233] For Preparation Example 10, the filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 6 is used.

[0234] For Preparation Example 11, the filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 7 is used.

[0235] For the production of the heatable filter materials 11.1; 11.2 according to the invention of Preparation Examples 8 to 11, the filter materials 11.1 according to the invention were mixed with 5 vol. %, based on the total amount of a heatable filter material, of spherical mu-metal particles 11.2 with a particle size of about 1 mm under nitrogen and stored under nitrogen until use according to the invention. Examples 1 to 4 Conducting adsorption / desorption cycles (temperature swing process) with the heatable filter materials 11.1; 11.2 according to the invention of Preparation Examples 8 to 11

[0236] For Example 1, the heatable filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 8 is used.

[0237] For Example 2, the heatable filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 9 is used.

[0238] For Example 3, the heatable filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 10 is used.

[0239] For Example 1, the heatable filter material 11.1 according to the invention of Preparation Example 11 is used.

[0240] Adsorption / desorption cycles (temperature swing process) are carried out in vertical, germ-protected systems 12 according to the Fig.8. The components of the systems 12 are made of stainless steel to avoid adverse effects caused by corrosion. The systems 12 can be disassembled such that their filter chambers 12.1 can be filled with the heatable filter materials 11.1; 11.2 of manufacturing examples 8 to 11, from the lower grids 12.13, which are impermeable to the heatable filter materials 11.1; 11.2, to the upper grids 12.7, which are impermeable to the heatable filter materials 11.1; 11.2.

[0241] Each of the systems 12 includes an air supply 12.2. The supplied air 12.4 is blown into the tubular filter chamber 12.1 by a fan 12.3. A gate valve 12.8 is located below the fan 12.3, which is open during the adsorption phase and closed during the desorption phase. Above the upper grille 12.7 are a nitrogen line 12.5 with a check valve or gate valve 12.6 and a carbon dioxide line 12.10 with a check valve or gate valve 12.9 and a vacuum pump 12.11. The wall of the tubular filter chamber 12.1 is surrounded by the induction coil 12.12.

[0242] Located below the lower grille is the air outlet 12.16 for the carbon dioxide-free air 12.17. The air outlet is equipped with a gate valve 12.14, which is open during the adsorption phase and closed during the desorption phase. A carbon dioxide sensor 21.15 is located in the air space below the lower grille and above the gate valve 12.14. When this sensor signals the presence of carbon dioxide, the air filter material 11.1 is saturated, resulting in carbon dioxide breakthrough.

[0243] Otherwise, a system 12 comprises mountings for its components and functional peripherals for its operation, consisting of mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, optical, electrical, and electronic computing, switching, measuring, and control devices, electric motors, pneumatically operated motors, power storage units, actuators, electrical, optical, hydraulic, and pneumatic lines, data transfer lines, level sensors, interior and exterior lighting, alarm devices, timers, and visual displays. Multiple systems 12 can be connected to a central electronic control and monitoring system.

[0244] During the adsorption phase, the air 12.4 is passed through the filter material and exits the system 12 as carbon dioxide-free air 12.17. During this phase, the shut-off valves 12.6 and 12.9 are closed. When the carbon dioxide sensor 12.15 signals the presence of carbon dioxide in the exiting air, the air supply is stopped and the shut-off valves 12.8 and 12.14 are closed.

[0245] For the desorption phase, the filter chamber 12.1 is evacuated via the carbon dioxide line 12.10 (shut-off valve 12.9 open; shut-off valve 12.6 closed). The filter material 11; 11.1 is heated to 80°C to 90°C using the mu-metal particles 11.2 and the induction coil 12.12. This desorbed the adsorbed carbon dioxide, extracts it, compresses it, and stores it in pressure cylinders. It can then be used, for example, for the fermentative production of methane. The end of desorption is indicated by a sudden drop in pressure in the filter chamber 12.1. Then, the shut-off valve 12.9 is closed, and after opening the shut-off valve 12.7, the filter chamber is filled with nitrogen until ambient pressure is reached.

[0246] The filter material 11.1; 11.2 is cooled to room temperature or allowed to cool. Then, the shut-off valve 12.7 is closed. The gate valves 12.8 and 12.14 are opened, and a new adsorption phase is initiated.

[0247] Using filter materials 11.1 and 11.2 of Preparation Examples 8 to 11, at least 50 such adsorption / desorption cycles can be completed. Even after this, no contamination of filter materials 11.1 and 11.2 or of Systems 8 can be detected. Conclusion

[0248] The application devices 1 described above not only serve to protect the filter materials, filters and filter systems 11.1 according to the invention as well as the systems 12 for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide as a whole from contamination, but the filter materials, filters and filter systems 11.1 and systems 12 according to the invention equipped in the method according to the invention are also capable of purifying air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses, which is an additional significant advantage.

Claims

[1] Filter materials protected from contamination for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, containing (A) at least one adsorbent material for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, selected from the group consisting of primary amino group-containing, weakly basic anion exchangers in the hydroxide form, strongly basic anion exchangers in the hydroxide form and the supported alkali carbonates sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and / or potassium carbonate, (B) at least one species of platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles or flakes having an average particle size d fixed on and / or in the at least one adsorbent material (A) and / or on and / or in at least one species of a carrier material (D). 50from 0.6 µm to >1,000 µm, wherein the fixed flakes are present in an amount such that the absorption capacity of the adsorbent material (A) for carbon dioxide is reduced to a maximum of 1% to 50% of the absorption capacity of the adsorbent material (A) free of fixed flakes, and (C) at least one species of a polymer and / or adhesive matrix for fixing the flakes (B) on and / or in the at least one adsorbent material (A) and / or on at least one type of carrier material (D). [2] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 1, characterized by that the at least one adsorbent material (A) is selected from the group consisting of basic and / or nanoporous, microporous and / or macroporous materials. [3] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat the platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles (B) or flakes (B) are selected from the group consisting of flakes of gold, osmium, silver, copper, copper-silver alloys, zinc, tin, copper bronzes, brass bronzes and brass. [4] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 3, characterized by that the platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles (B) are silver microflakes. [5] Filter materials protected from contamination according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized bythat the platelet-shaped, biocidal metal microparticles (B) or flakes (B) have geometric shapes selected from the group consisting of platelets or flakes with a circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal or three-, four-, five- or multi-pointed star-shaped outline, as well as platelets or flakes with a circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal or three-, four-, five- or multi-pointed star-shaped outline, which are curved in at least one direction of space and / or which have rounded edges and / or corners. [6] Filter materials protected from contamination according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized bythat the polymer matrix (C) contains at least one plastic from the group consisting of linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly structured polyaddition resins, polycondensation resins and / or (co)polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. [7] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 6, characterized by , that, characterized bythat the (co)polymers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate (co)polymers and / or polystyrene, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprenes and / or copolymers thereof and the polyaddition resins or polycondensation resins are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, alkyds, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, proteins, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyurethanes, alkyd resins, polysiloxanes, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, celluloses, polysulfides, polyacetals, polyethylene oxides, polycaprolactams, polylactones, polylactides, polyimides and / or polyureas. [8] Filter materials protected from contamination according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized bythat the adhesive matrix (C) consists of at least one adhesive selected from the group consisting of biopolymers, polysaccharides, chemically curing adhesives, polymerization adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives (superglues), methyl methacrylate adhesives, anaerobic curing adhesives, unsaturated polyesters (UP resins), radiation-curing adhesives, polycondensation adhesives, phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesives, silicone-silane cross-linked polymer adhesives, lignin adhesives, polyimide adhesives, polysulfide adhesives, polyaddition adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone-polyisocyanate adhesives, physically setting adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, contact adhesives, dispersion adhesives, cement, cement-based adhesives, foam concrete, gypsum-based adhesives, plastisols, adhesives without a setting mechanism and slaked lime and thereon based adhesives. [9] Filter materials protected from contamination according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the at least one carrier material (D) is selected from the group consisting of organic, organometallic, inorganic, non-porous, nanoporous, microporous and / or macroporous materials. [10] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 9, characterized bythat organic, organometallic, inorganic, non-porous, nanoporous, microporous and / or macroporous materials from the group consisting of high-performance particle filters EPA, HEPA filters, ULPA high-performance particulate filters, medium filters, pre-filters, automotive cabin filters, air filters classified according to particle size according to DIN EN 779.2012 in coarse dust class G1 to G4, fine dust class M5 and M6 as well as F7 to F9, filters in the form of candle filters, flat membranes, pocket filters, hollow fiber modules, bag filters and electret filters, reticulated foams made of plastics, open-cell foams made of natural materials, glass, ceramics, metals and sponges, natural fibers, chemical fibers, polymer fibers and mineral fibers in the form of scrims, woven fabrics, felts, nonwovens, spunbonded materials and Melt-blown materials and inert, inorganic carrier materials with a mean particle size d determined by sieve analysis 50from 500 nm to 1.5 mm. [11] Filter materials protected from contamination according to claim 10, characterized by, inorganic materials from the group consisting of packings for columns and Raschig rings as well as spheres, hollow spheres, shards, granules, ground lumps, pellets, rings, spheres with core-shell structures, ellipsoids, cubes, cuboids, pyramids, cones, cylinders, rhombuses, dodecahedrons, truncated dodecahedrons, icosahedra, truncated icosahedra, dumbbells, tori, platelets, needles with circular, oval, elliptical, square, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal or star-shaped cross-sections, shards, rings, dumbbells, tori, needles and platelets of phyllosilicates, foam glasses, foam glass gravel, pumice stones, zeolites, expanded clays, expanded glasses, Expanded mica, expanded perlite, foam cements, ceramic foams and activated carbons. [12] Large-scale stationary systems and stationary and mobile systems, room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning systems and heating systems with filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide, containing at least one filter material according to one of claims 1 to 11. [13] Large-scale stationary systems and stationary and mobile systems, room fans, ventilation systems, air conditioning and heating systems with built-in filters, filter systems and systems for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide according to claim 12, characterized bythat they comprise at least one application device (1) which serves to protect the filters, filter systems and systems from contamination, wherein the at least one application device (1) is installed in air ducts (3.1) enclosed by walls (3) and comprises at least the following components which are arranged on the outside and inside of a support plate (2), wherein the support plate (2) is removably fastened in the wall (3) of at least one of the air ducts (3.1): - on the outside at least one storage vessel (1.1) for an aqueous film-forming metal microparticle (B) dispersion (1.2), at least containing biocidal metal microparticles (B) with an average particle size d 50 from 0.6 µm to <1,000 µm and at least one mini- or microemulsion polymer in the form of dispersed polymer particles with an average particle size d 50 from 10 nm to <1,000 µm as a physically curable film former for producing a polymer matrix (C), - on the outside, at least one piston metering device (1.3) and / or at least one metering pump (1.17) in fluid communication with the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle (B) dispersion (1.2) and - on the inside, at least one conveying pipeline (2.6) with a channel (2.7) for supplying the aqueous film-forming metal microparticle (B) dispersion (1.2) from the at least one piston metering device (1.3) and / or the at least one metering pump (1.17) to at least one hydraulic atomizing nozzle (2.8), at least one membrane atomizer (6) and / or at least one ultrasonic atomizer (10) for atomizing at least one aerosol (1.2S) into the air flow (LS) to the installed filters, filter systems and systems (12). [14] Stationary and mobile plant protected from contamination for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide according to claim 12 or 13, characterized bythat the installation is an installation (12) comprising at least the following components: - a filter chamber (12.1), wherein the filter chamber (12.1) is filled with a heatable filter material (11.1) and - on the air inlet side, an air supply (12.2) for the supplied air (12.4) with - a fan (12.3), - a nitrogen line (12.5) with a shut-off or through valve (12.6), - an upper grid (12.7) impermeable to the heatable filter material (11.1), - an upper gate valve (12.8) and - a carbon dioxide line (12.10) with a shut-off or through-valve (12.9) and a vacuum pump (12.11) and - on the air outlet side, a lower grille (12.13) impermeable to the heatable filter material (11.1), - a carbon dioxide sensor (12.15), - a lower gate valve (12.14) and - an air outlet (12.16) for the carbon dioxide-free air (12.17). [15] Stationary and mobile plant protected from contamination for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide according to claim 14, characterized by that the heatable filter material (11.1) can be heated inductively by means of particulate ferromagnetic materials (11.2) which are homogeneously mixed with the filter materials according to the invention, or can be heated by hot steam, hot air blower, infrared radiator and / or electric heating coil. [16] A process for the reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide using large-scale plants and systems, in which at least one filter material adsorbs carbon dioxide at ambient temperature in the adsorption phase and, after saturation, desorbs carbon dioxide at higher temperatures in the desorption phase, after which a new adsorption / desorption cycle is initiated, characterized by that a system according to one of claims 12 to 15 is used. [17] Use of the filter materials according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and of the filters, filter systems and systems according to any one of claims 12 to 15 for the purification of air contaminated with biocidal microorganisms and viruses.

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