Electrical energy storage system comprising the energy storage system and method for controlling electrical measuring switches and an electrical equalization switch of the energy storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), a system (10) comprising the energy storage device (1) and a method for controlling electrical measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and an electrical equalization switch (S_B) for determining individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) of a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB) of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular of the equalization switch (S_B), and for equalizing changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination of the Energy storage (1).

Description

SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0001] The invention relates to an electrical energy storage device, a system comprising the energy storage device and a method for controlling electrical measuring switches and an electrical equalization switch of the energy storage device.

[0002] DE 10 2007 049 528 B4 discloses a method and a device for measuring the cell voltages of accumulator cells in a plurality of accumulator cells connected in series, in particular in a so-called battery pack or cell pack such as, for example, Li-ion cell packs, which comprises a plurality of such accumulator cells connected in series. The method and the device are characterized in particular by the fact that the measurements of the cell voltages on the individual accumulator cells do not cause any debalancing of the battery pack.

[0003] EP 2 572 208 B1 and WO 2011 / 144695 A2 disclose an arrangement for cell measurement in a battery pack. The battery pack comprises a series connection of several cells. Two adjacent cells are electrically connected to each other by means of a connecting branch. The arrangement includes a measuring device and a switching device configured for selectively connecting exactly one connecting branch to a measuring input of the measuring device.In order to specify an arrangement for single-cell measurement in which the debalancing of the state of charge of the individual cells as a result of the measurements by means of the measuring device is at least largely avoided, it is proposed that the arrangement has at least one load arranged between two connecting branches, that the load can be selectively brought into an activated operating state or into a deactivated operating state by means of a control signal, so that electrical charge can be extracted from at least one cell by means of the load during the activated operating state. TASK AND SOLUTION

[0004] The invention is based on the objective of providing an electrical energy storage device, a system comprising the energy storage device, and a method for controlling electrical measuring switches and an electrical equalization switch of the energy storage device, each of which, in particular, has improved properties.

[0005] The invention solves this problem by providing an electrical energy storage device and a method described in the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0006] The electrical energy storage device according to the invention is designed to supply an electrically driven processing device with electrical drive power and / or a further electrical energy storage device for the processing device with electrical charging power. The energy storage device comprises at least, in particular precisely, a series connection of electrical energy storage cells, at least, in particular precisely, a series connection of electrical measuring resistors, electrical measuring switches, at least, in particular precisely, an electrical equalization switch, at least, in particular precisely, an electrical equalization resistor, a measuring device, and a control device.The measuring switches are connected between, in particular precisely, one end of the series connection of the energy storage cells and, in particular precisely, one corresponding end of the series connection of the measuring resistors, as well as between at least one node of the next energy storage cells, in particular of the series connection, and at least one node of the next measuring resistors, in particular of the series connection, for the purpose of assigning at least one respective measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistors, to at least one respective energy storage cell, in particular the energy storage cells, in particular directly and / or permanently. The measuring device is designed for measuring a voltage quantity, in particular directly, dropping across at least one measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistors.The control device is designed to control the measuring switches and the equalization switch for determining individual charge states of the energy storage cells, in particular those connected in series, and for determining proper operating states of the measuring switches, and in particular of the equalization switch, depending on measurements of the measured voltage quantity, and for equalizing changes in the individual charge states caused by the determination of the proper operating states.For the purpose of, in particular, the, equalization, an equalization series circuit of the equalization switch and the equalization resistor is connected in parallel to a measuring series circuit of a last measuring switch, in particular the measuring switches, and a last measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistors, at the end of the series circuit of the energy storage cells and the end of the series circuit of the measuring resistors, in particular directly and / or permanently or for a period of time.

[0007] Determining the correct operating states can cause changes in the individual charge states or an uneven discharge or load on the energy storage cells. Controlling the measuring switches and the balancing switch, and the switching of the measuring switches, measuring resistors, the balancing switch, and the balancing resistor, can cause an opposite or counteracting uneven discharge or load on the energy storage cells, thus equalizing the changes in the individual charge states. This allows for reducing, minimizing, or even preventing debalancing of the energy storage cells, or for balancing the energy storage cells, using only two additional components: the balancing switch and the balancing resistor, and / or using only one additional component: the balancing switch.This allows for a simple design of the energy storage system and / or simple control of the measuring switches and the equalization switch. Additionally or alternatively, the circuit design of the equalization switch allows for a relatively trouble-free voltage level for the switch itself. Therefore, the equalization switch does not need to be highly voltage-resistant or capable of withstanding a relatively high voltage. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage system can thus exhibit a relatively high overall voltage.

[0008] In particular, the terms “configured”, “set up” or “intended” or the English phrase “programmed to perform the function / s of” can be used synonymously with the term “trained”.

[0009] The terms "include" or "have" can be used synonymously with the term "exhibits".

[0010] The term component "Serie" can be used synonymously with the term component "Reihe".

[0011] For each energy storage cell connected in series, energy storage cells can be connected in parallel, or, in the series connection, energy storage cells can be in a parallel connection, in particular, each one. In particular, each parallel connection can be assigned at least, in particular exactly, one measuring resistor, in particular measuring resistors.

[0012] The measuring resistors and the equalization resistor can be ohmic resistors and / or have resistance values ​​greater than zero.

[0013] The measuring switches and the equalization switch can be transistors.

[0014] The measuring device and / or the control device may be electrical and / or include a computing device and / or a processor and / or a microcontroller and / or a storage device and / or a computer.

[0015] The term component "unit" can be used synonymously with the term component "facility".

[0016] The term component "control" can be used synonymously with the term component "steering".

[0017] The end can be an upper end and / or an endpoint.

[0018] The node can be a junction point and / or a connecting node.

[0019] The term "neighboring" can be used synonymously with the term "next".

[0020] The terms “arranged” or “interconnected” can be used synonymously with the terms “inline” or “switched”.

[0021] The term "direct" can be used synonymously with the term "immediately".

[0022] It can be direct, without an intermediate component and / or without voltage drop and / or at the same potential.

[0023] The assignment can be a single assignment.

[0024] The measurement, control and / or adjustment can be implemented automatically and / or by computer.

[0025] The measured voltage quantity can have a value and / or be a measured voltage.

[0026] The measuring resistor for measuring the voltage quantity can be a first or lowest measuring resistor.

[0027] The control can be individual control and / or control of, in particular closed or conductive, switching states of the measuring switches and the equalization switch.

[0028] The individual charge states can have a value and / or be individual charge voltages.

[0029] The functional states can be individual functional states.

[0030] The term component "individual" can be used synonymously with the term component "single".

[0031] The terms "correct" or "flawless" can be used synonymously with the term "properly".

[0032] The phrase “based on” can be used synonymously with the phrase “depending on”.

[0033] The changes can include reductions in size.

[0034] The term / component “symmetrization”, “symmetrization” or “compensation” can be used synonymously with the term / component “equalization”.

[0035] The term "asymmetrical" can be used synonymously with the term "unequal".

[0036] The adjustment can be equal to or less than manufacturing tolerances, especially of the energy storage cells.

[0037] The adjustment can be controlled or regulated, particularly depending on the measurements of the measured voltage quantity, especially the specific individual charge states of the energy storage cells.

[0038] The matching series circuit can be called the first series circuit.

[0039] The series measurement circuit can be described as a second series circuit.

[0040] In the equalization series circuit, at least the equalization switch and the equalization resistor can be connected in series, or at least the equalization switch and the equalization resistor can form the equalization series circuit.

[0041] In a series measurement circuit, at least the last measuring switch and the last measuring resistor can be connected in series, or at least the last measuring switch and the last measuring resistor can form the series measurement circuit.

[0042] At least the equalization series circuit and the measurement series circuit can form a parallel circuit.

[0043] The term "top" can be used synonymously with the term "last".

[0044] The last measuring switch and the last measuring resistor can be located furthest away from the measuring resistor and the measurement of the measured voltage quantity.

[0045] Furthermore, reference is made to the specialist literature.

[0046] In a further development of the invention, the energy storage device is, in particular, either mobile and / or part of a means of transport or stationary. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage device is an energy storage pack, in particular a battery pack. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the energy storage cells are accumulator cells. In particular, the term "portable" can be used synonymously with the term "mobile". Additionally or alternatively, the mobile energy storage device can have a mass of a maximum of 50 kg (kilograms), in particular a maximum of 20 kg, in particular a maximum of 10 kg, in particular a maximum of 5 kg, and / or a minimum of 0.2 kg, in particular a minimum of 0.5 kg, in particular a minimum of 1 kg, in particular a minimum of 2 kg. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the means of transport can be a vehicle, in particular a land vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, in particular an automobile, or a two-wheeler, in particular a motorcycle, or a trailer.Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage device can be a mobile power bank and / or an energy storage unit mounted on a trailer. Furthermore, the term "battery pack" can be used synonymously with "accumulator pack." Additionally or alternatively, the accumulator pack can be rechargeable. Additionally or alternatively, the accumulator cells can be rechargeable. For further information, please refer to the relevant technical literature.

[0047] In a further development of the invention, a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, are identical. This enables a particularly simple design of the energy storage device and / or a particularly simple control of the measuring switches, in particular for a simple determination of the individual charge states and of the proper operating states and for a simple adjustment of the changes in the individual charge states.

[0048] In a further development of the invention, the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors are identical. In particular, the nominal voltage values ​​of the energy storage cells are identical. This enables a particularly simple design of the energy storage device. Specifically, the resistance values ​​can be equal to or smaller than the manufacturing tolerances, especially of the measuring resistors. Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the measuring resistors can be composed of several resistors to achieve a more precise resistance value. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the nominal voltage values ​​can be equal to or smaller than the manufacturing tolerances, especially of the energy storage cells.

[0049] In a further development of the invention, the measuring switches are connected in series such that, in a closed switching state or by closing a measuring switch, at least, and in particular precisely, one measuring resistor, and at least, and in particular precisely, one energy storage cell, are connected in series. Additionally or alternatively, the equalization switch and the equalization resistor, in particular connected in series, are connected in series between, and in particular precisely, a node of the end of the series connection of the energy storage cells and the last measuring switch, and, in particular precisely, a node of the last measuring resistor and a next or penultimate measuring resistor, or the equalization series connection is connected in between.This allows at least one measuring resistor to be assigned to at least one energy storage cell. Additionally or alternatively, this allows the parallel connection of the equalization series circuit to the measuring series circuit. In particular, the measuring switches can be connected in such a way that, in a closed switching state of a measuring switch, a series circuit of measuring resistors and a series circuit of energy storage cells can be connected in series. In other words, at least one measuring switch can assign a series circuit of measuring resistors to a series circuit of energy storage cells. Put another way, this can be described as medium-voltage taps that can be connected to the potentials of the energy storage cells. Additionally or alternatively, in an open or blocking switching state, or...By opening a measuring switch, the measuring resistor and at least the energy storage cell can be connected in series. Furthermore, or alternatively, the equalization switch and the equalization resistor can be connected in series such that, in a closed switching state of the equalization switch, the series connection of the measuring resistors (excluding the last measuring resistor) and the series connection of the energy storage cells can be connected in series, and in particular not in an open switching state of the equalization switch.

[0050] In a further development of the invention, at least, and in particular exactly, one, in particular the first or lowest, energy storage cell, and in particular the series connection of the energy storage cells with a starting point, is electrically connected to a reference potential, in particular directly and / or permanently. Additionally or alternatively, a measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistor for measuring the measured voltage quantity, and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors with a starting point, is electrically connected to the reference potential, in particular directly and / or permanently. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring switches are electrically connected to the reference potential by means of at least one energy storage cell and / or at least one measuring resistor, and in particular the measuring device between them, in particular permanently.Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the equalization switch and / or the equalization resistor are electrically connected to the reference potential by means of at least the series connection of the energy storage cells and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors, excluding the last measuring resistor, and in particular, are permanently connected. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring device is electrically connected to the reference potential by means of, in particular, the measuring resistor for measuring the voltage quantity, and in particular, is permanently connected. In particular, the beginning of the connection may differ from the end, in particular the upper end, and / or be a lower end.

[0051] In a further development of the invention, the measuring resistor for measuring the measured voltage quantity is located at the beginning or the lower end of the series connection of the measuring resistors.

[0052] In a further development of the invention, the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors and the resistance value of the balancing resistor and / or time durations and / or a time sequence and / or a frequency of actuation of the measuring switches and the balancing switch are such that, on average over time, the changes in the individual charge states are balanced, in particular equalized or equalized. This allows for greater flexibility in balancing the energy storage cells, in particular in controlling the balancing or the individual charge states.

[0053] In a further development of the invention, the control device for determining the individual charge states is configured to control or close the last measuring switch to a closed switching state and, in successive steps, in particular precisely or always only, control or close a further or additional measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, to a closed switching state until all further measuring switches have been controlled or closed, in particular once, and in particular without controlling the equalization switch to a closed switching state. Additionally or alternatively, the control device is configured to determine the proper operating states in successive steps, in particular precisely or always only.The control device is designed to actuate only one measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, and in particular the equalization switch, into a closed switching state until all measuring switches, and in particular the equalization switch, have been actuated, in particular once. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the control device is designed to actuate the equalization switch into a closed switching state in successive steps, in particular precisely orThe process is always to activate a further measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, different from the last measuring switch, to a closed switching state, until, in particular, all the further measuring switches have been activated, either specifically and thereby activating the last measuring switch to a closed switching state if the resistance value of the equalization resistor is greater than or equal to the resistance value of the last measuring resistor, or specifically and thereby activating the last measuring switch to a closed switching state or not if the resistance value of the equalization resistor is less than the resistance value of the last measuring resistor. In particular, the phrase "subsequently in time" can be used synonymously with the term "successive".

[0054] In a further development of the invention, the energy storage device includes a determination device. The determination device is designed to determine the individual charge states and the proper operating states depending on, in particular, the closed switching states of the measuring switches and the equalization switch, and the associated measurements of the measured voltage. In particular, the determination device can be electrical and / or include a computing device and / or a processor and / or a microcontroller and / or a storage device and / or a computer. Additionally or alternatively, the determination can be automatic and / or computer-implemented. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the individual charge states can be determined by converting the measured voltage values ​​based on at least one, in particular, stored or...The stored curve and / or at least one, in particular stored, model are determined, in particular calculated, taking into account temperature, currents and / or the aging of the energy storage cells. For further details, please refer to the relevant literature.

[0055] The system according to the invention comprises the electrical energy storage device as mentioned above and an electrically driven, in particular the electrically driven, processing device. In particular, the processing device is ground- and / or hand-guided, in particular hand-carried, and / or a garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device. In particular, the garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device is a saw, or a pole pruner, or a hedge trimmer, or a hedge cutter, or a shrub cutter, or a branch cutter, or an angle grinder, or a blower, or a leaf blower, or a vacuum cleaner, or a leaf vacuum, or a cleaning device, or a pressure washer, or a sweeper, or a sweeping roller, or a sweeping brush, or a lawnmower, or grass shears, or a brush cutter, or a scarifier.Additionally or alternatively, the processing device is an autonomous mobile processing robot, in particular a robotic lawnmower. When supplying such a processing device with the drive power from the energy storage system, balancing the energy storage cells is particularly advantageous. In particular, the processing device can be motor-driven, especially with the drive or discharge power from the energy storage system. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage system and the processing device can be configured to form an electrical, and in particular mechanical and / or tool-free and / or, in particular non-destructive, user-releasable connection to each other, in particular the connection. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the energy storage system and the processing device, in particular the processing robot, can have an electrical, and in particular mechanical, fixed or...The components must be permanently connected, particularly not without tools and / or not user-removable, especially not non-destructively. In particular, the energy storage device may be permanently installed in the processing unit. Furthermore, the term "self-propelled" can be used synonymously with "autonomous mobile" or "self-propelled." For further information, please refer to the relevant technical literature.

[0056] Additionally or alternatively, the system can include the electrical energy storage device as previously mentioned and a further electrical energy storage device, in particular the following. In particular, the energy storage device and the further energy storage device can be configured to form an electrical, and in particular mechanical and / or tool-free and / or, in particular non-destructive, user-releasable connection to each other, in particular the connection.

[0057] The method according to the invention is for controlling at least the electrical measuring switches and the electrical equalization switch for determining, in particular, the individual charge states of the series connection of electrical energy storage cells and the proper operating states of the measuring switches, and in particular the equalization switch, and for equalizing, in particular, the changes in the individual charge states caused by the determination of the electrical energy storage device for supplying the electrically driven processing device with electrical drive power and / or the further electrical energy storage device for the processing device with electrical charging power. The energy storage device is designed as described above. The method can offer the same advantages as described above for the energy storage device.In particular, the process can be implemented automatically and / or by computer and / or by means of the energy storage device, in particular the control device and the measuring device, and in particular the determining device, and / or, in particular, be carried out repeatedly. In particular, the term "take place" or the phrase "be carried out" or "be implemented" can be used synonymously with the phrase "be executed". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the figures. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic view, in particular a circuit diagram, of a system according to the invention comprising an electrical energy storage device according to the invention and a method according to the invention for controlling electrical measuring switches and an electrical equalization switch of the energy storage device when determining individual charge states of energy storage cells of the energy storage device, Fig. 2 a schematic view of the energy storage device when determining the proper operating states of the measuring switches, and in particular the equalization switch, Fig. 3 a schematic view of the energy storage system when changes in individual charge states are equalized, and Fig. 4 showing a schematic view of the system, an electrically driven processing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXECUTION EXAMPLES

[0059] Fig. Figures 1 to 4 show a system 10 according to the invention comprising an electrical energy storage device 1 according to the invention and a method according to the invention for controlling electrical measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n and an electrical equalization switch S_B of the energy storage device 1.

[0060] The electrical energy storage device 1 is designed to supply an electrically driven processing device 2 with electrical drive power AL and / or a further electrical energy storage device 1''' for the processing device 2 with electrical charging power LL. The energy storage device 1 comprises a series connection of electrical energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n, at least a series connection of electrical measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n, the electrical measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, the electrical equalization switch S_B, an electrical equalization resistor R_B, a measuring device 3 and a control device 4. The measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n are located between one end ZE of the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and one end RE of the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n, as well as between at least one node ZK1, ..., ZKn-1 of the next energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and at least one node RK1, ..., RKn-1, the nearest measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n are connected in series to assign at least one respective measuring resistor R_1, R_i, ..., R_n to at least one respective energy storage cell Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n. The measuring device 3 is designed to measure a measuring voltage quantity MSP dropping across at least one measuring resistor R_1, in particular, it measures The control device 4 is used to control the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n and the equalization switch S_B for, in particular, determining individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and proper operating states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB of the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular of the equalization switch S_B, depending on measurements of the measured voltage quantity MSP and for, in particular, equalizing changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn caused by the determination, in particular of the proper functional states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB, is formed, in particular controls. For the, in particular to the, equalization, an equalization series circuit AR of the equalization switch S_B and the equalization resistor R_B is connected in parallel to a measuring series circuit MR of a last measuring switch S_n and a last measuring resistor R_n at the end ZE of the series circuit of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and the end RE of the series circuit of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n.

[0061] System 10 comprises the electrically powered processing device 2. In particular, the processing device 2 is ground- and / or hand-operated, especially hand-carried, and / or a garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device 2'. In particular, the garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device 2' is a saw, or a pole pruner, or a hedge trimmer, or a hedge cutter, or a shrub cutter, or a branch cutter, or an angle grinder, or a blower, or a leaf blower, or a vacuum, or a leaf vacuum, or a cleaning device, or a pressure washer, or a sweeper, or a sweeping roller, or a sweeping brush, or a lawnmower 2'', or grass shears, or a brush cutter, or a scarifier. Additionally or alternatively, the processing device 2 is an autonomous mobile processing robot 2''', in particular a robotic lawnmower 2''''.

[0062] In detail, a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n are the same.

[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality, or n, is four. In alternative embodiments, the plurality, or n, can be at least two, in particular at least five, and in particular at least ten. Additionally or alternatively, in alternative embodiments, energy storage cells can be connected in series in a parallel connection, such as 2p10s (2 parallel 10 in series) or 3p10s3p.

[0064] Furthermore, the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n are the same. In particular, the nominal voltage values ​​of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n are the same.

[0065] Furthermore, the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n are connected in series such that, in the closed switching state of a measuring switch S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, a measuring resistor R_1, R_i, ..., R_n and an energy storage cell Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n are connected in series. Additionally or alternatively, the equalization switch S_B and the equalization resistor R_B are connected in series between a node BK of the end ZE of the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and the last measuring switch S_n and a node RKn-1 of the last measuring resistor R_n and the next measuring resistor R_n-1.

[0066] Furthermore, an energy storage cell Z_1, in particular the series connection of energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n with a starting point ZA, is electrically connected to a reference potential GND. Additionally or alternatively, a measuring resistor R_1, in particular the measuring resistor R_1 associated with the energy storage cell Z_1, and / or the series connection of measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n with a starting point RA, is electrically connected to the reference potential GND. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n are electrically connected to the reference potential GND by means of at least one energy storage cell Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and / or at least one measuring resistor R_1, R_i, ..., R_n. Additionally or alternatively, the balancing switch S_B and / or the balancing resistor R_B are connected to the reference potential GND by means of at least the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n-1 without the last measuring resistor R_n. Furthermore, or alternatively, the measuring device 3 is electrically connected to the reference potential GND via the measuring resistor R_1 for the measurement of the measured voltage quantity MSP.

[0067] Furthermore, the measuring resistor R_1 is used to measure the measured voltage quantity MSP at the beginning RA of the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n.

[0068] Furthermore, the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors R_1, R_i, ..., R_n and a resistance value of the equalization resistor R_B and / or time durations T1, T2, T3 and / or a time sequence and / or a temporal frequency ZH of the control of the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n and the equalization switch S_B are such that, on a temporal average, the changes of the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn are equalized, in particular equal.

[0069] Furthermore, the control device 4 is designed to determine the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn, to control the last measuring switch S_n to a closed switching state, and thereby in successive steps to control a further measuring switch S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 to a closed switching state, until all further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 have been controlled, in particular, controls as shown in Fig. 1 shown. Additionally or alternatively, the control device 4 is designed to determine the proper operating states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB by successively controlling a measuring switch S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular the equalization switch S_B, to a closed switching state until all measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular the equalization switch S_B, have been controlled, in particular by controlling as shown in Fig. 2 shown. Furthermore, or alternatively, the control device 4 is designed to adjust the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn by controlling the adjustment switch S_B to a closed switching state and, in successive steps, controlling a further measuring switch S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1, different from the last measuring switch S_n, to a closed switching state, until, in particular, all the further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 have been controlled, in particular and thereby controlling the last measuring switch to a closed switching state if the resistance value of the equalization resistor is greater than or equal to the resistance value of the last measuring resistor, or in particular and thereby controlling the last measuring switch S_n to a closed switching state or not if the resistance value of the equalization resistor R_B is less than the resistance value of the last measuring resistor R_n, in particular controls as in . Fig. 3 shown.

[0070] For the sake of clarity, the illustrated embodiment does not show the control connections from the control device to the measuring switches for their control.

[0071] Furthermore, the energy storage device has a determination device 5. The determination device 5 is designed, in particular, to determine, the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn and the proper operating states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB as a function of the closed switching states of the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n and the equalization switch S_B and the measurements of the measured voltage quantity MSP.

[0072] The method is for controlling the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n and the equalization switch S_B for, in particular, determining the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn of the series connection of electrical energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n and the proper operating states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB of the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular of the equalization switch S_B, and for, in particular, equalizing the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn caused by the determination of the electrical energy storage 1.

[0073] The procedure, in particular the steps, is detailed as follows: - Activating the last measuring switch S_n to the closed switching state and thereby in successive steps activating the further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 to the closed switching state until all further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 have been activated. - Temporarily afterwards and / or temporally before: In the successive steps of actuating the measuring switch S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular the equalization switch S_B, into the closed switching state, until all measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n, and in particular the equalization switch S_B, have been actuated. - Temporarily before and / or after: Activating the equalization switch S_B to the closed switching state, and in successive steps, activating the further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1, different from the last measuring switch S_n, to the closed switching state, until, in particular, all, the further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 have been activated. In particular, activating the last measuring switch to the closed switching state if the resistance value of the equalization resistor is greater than or equal to the resistance value of the last measuring resistor. Or, in particular, activating the last measuring switch S_n to the closed switching state or not if the resistance value of the equalization resistor R_B is less than the resistance value of the last measuring resistor R_n.

[0074] When determining the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn, the energy storage cells Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n are loaded equally, as in Fig. 1 shown. In particular, the same circulating current flows through the upper energy storage cells as through the lower energy storage cells.

[0075] When determining the proper operating states FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB, in particular the measuring switches S_1, S_i, ... S_n-1 different from the last measuring switch S_n, the energy storage cell Z_1, electrically connected to the reference potential GND, is subjected to the highest or most frequent load, and, in particular, all further energy storage cells Z_2, Z_i, ..., Z_n are subjected to a decreasing or decreasing load, in particular a strictly monotonical load, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 shows that, in particular, a circulating current flows through the lower energy storage cell(s) and not through the upper energy storage cell(s).

[0076] When equalizing the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn, the energy storage cell Z_1, electrically connected to the reference potential GND, is subjected to the lowest or least load, and, in particular, all other energy storage cells Z_2, Z_i, ..., Z_n are subjected to an increasing, and in particular strictly monotonical, load, as shown in Fig. Figure 3 shows that, in particular, a larger circulating current flows through the upper energy storage cell(s) than through the lower energy storage cell(s).

[0077] In the illustrated embodiment, or as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the resistance value of the equalization resistor R_B 0.5 is equal to the resistance value of the last measuring resistor R_n, and the last measuring switch S_n is not closed. Therefore, in one step, a circulating current 3 / 2.5 greater than through the lower energy storage cell flows through the upper energy storage cells; in another step, a circulating current 2 / 1.5 greater than through the lower energy storage cells flows through the upper energy storage cells; and in yet another step, a circulating current 1 / 0.5 greater than through the lower energy storage cells flows through the upper energy storage cell.

[0078] In the illustrated embodiment, or as shown in Fig.As shown in Figure 3, all further measuring switches S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1 were activated to equalize the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn. In alternative embodiments, it may not be necessary for at least one of the further measuring switches to be activated, particularly if, by chance, the individual charge states of the assigned or associated energy storage cell and a subsequent energy storage cell are already equalized, or even identical, without the equalization. This chance occurrence can arise, in particular, due to temperature dependence, aging, and / or manufacturing tolerances of the energy storage cells, the measuring resistors, and / or the measuring switches.

[0079] Thus, on average over time, the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn are aligned, in particular equal.

[0080] Furthermore, the nominal voltage values ​​are, for example, a minimum of 2 V (volts) and / or a maximum of 4 V, in particular 3.6 V.

[0081] As the exemplary embodiments shown and explained above make clear, the invention provides an advantageous electrical energy storage device, an advantageous system comprising the energy storage device, and an advantageous method for controlling electrical measuring switches and an electrical equalization switch of the energy storage device, which have improved properties.

Claims

[1] Electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n), - at least one series circuit of electrical measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n), - electrical measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), - an electrical equalization switch (S_B), - an electrical equalization resistor (R_B), - a measuring device (3), and - a control device (4), - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) are connected in series between one end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and one end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) and between at least one node (ZK1, ..., ZKn-1) of the next energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and at least one node (RK1, ..., RKn-1) of the next measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) to assign at least one respective measuring resistor (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) to at least one respective energy storage cell (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n), - wherein the measuring device (3) is designed to measure a measured voltage quantity (MSP) dropping across at least one measuring resistor (R_1), - wherein the control device (4) is designed to control the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and the equalization switch (S_B) for determining individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB) of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular the equalization switch (S_B), depending on measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP) and for equalizing changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination, in particular of the proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB), and - wherein for the equalization an equalization series circuit (AR) of the equalization switch (S_B) and the equalization resistor (R_B) is connected in parallel to a measurement series circuit (MR) of a last measuring switch (S_n) and a last measuring resistor (R_n) at the end (ZE) of the series circuit of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and the end (RE) of the series circuit of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n). [2] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to the preceding claim, - wherein a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) are the same. [3] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - where the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) are equal, - in particular where the nominal voltage values ​​of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) are the same. [4] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) are connected in series such that in a closed switching state of a measuring switch (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) a measuring resistor (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) and an energy storage cell (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) are connected in series and / or - wherein the equalization switch (S_B) and the equalization resistor (R_B) are looped between a node (BK) of the end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and the last measuring switch (S_n) and a node (RKn-1) of the last measuring resistor (R_n) and a next measuring resistor (R_n-1). [5] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein an energy storage cell (Z_1), in particular the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) with a start (ZA), is electrically connected to a reference potential (GND), and / or - wherein a measuring resistor (R_1), in particular the measuring resistor (R_1) associated with the energy storage cell (Z_1), is used for measuring the measured voltage quantity (MSP) and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) with a starting point (RA) is electrically connected to the reference potential (GND), and / or - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) are electrically connected to the reference potential (GND) by means of at least one energy storage cell (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and / or at least one measuring resistor (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n), and / or - wherein the equalization switch (S_B) and / or the equalization resistor (R_B) are electrically connected to the reference potential (GND) by means of at least the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n-1) without the last measuring resistor (R_n), and / or - wherein the measuring device (3) is electrically connected to the reference potential (GND) by means of the measuring resistor (R_1) for the measurement of the measured voltage quantity (MSP). [6] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - where the measuring resistor (R_1) is used for measuring the measured voltage quantity (MSP) at a beginning (RA) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n). [7] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) and a resistance value of the equalization resistor (R_B) and / or time durations (T1, T2, T3) and / or a time sequence and / or a temporal frequency (ZH) of the control of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and the equalization switch (S_B) are such that, on a temporal average, the changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) are equalized, in particular equalized. [8] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the control device (4) is configured to determine the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn), to control the last measuring switch (S_n) to a closed switching state (closed), and thereby in successive steps to control a further measuring switch (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1) to a closed switching state (closed) until all further measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1) have been controlled, and / or - wherein the control device (4) is configured to determine the proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB), to actuate a measuring switch (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular the equalization switch (S_B), in successive steps to a closed switching state (closed) until all measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular the equalization switch (S_B), have been actuated, and / or - wherein the control device (4) is designed to adjust the changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) by controlling the adjustment switch (S_B) to a closed switching state and thereby in successive steps controlling a further measuring switch (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1) differently from the last measuring switch (S_n) to a closed switching state, until, in particular, all of the further measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n-1) have been controlled, - in particular, and thereby controlling the last measuring switch to a closed switching state if a resistance value of the equalization resistor is greater than or equal to a resistance value of the last measuring resistor, or - in particular, to control the last measuring switch (S_n) to a closed switching state (closed) or not, if a resistance value of the equalization resistor (R_B) is smaller than a resistance value of the last measuring resistor (R_n). [9] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - a determination device (5), wherein the determination device (5) is designed to determine the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) and the proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB) depending on switching states (closed) of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and the equalization switch (S_B) and the measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP). [10] System (10), wherein the system (10) comprises: - the electrical energy storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and - an electrically powered processing device (2), in particular wherein the processing device (2) is ground- and / or hand-guided, in particular hand-carried, and / or a garden, forestry, construction and / or soil cultivation device (2'). [11] Method for controlling electrical measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and an electrical equalization switch (S_B) for determining, in particular, individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) of a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB) of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular of the equalization switch (S_B), and for equalizing, in particular, changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination of an electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), wherein the energy storage device (1) exhibits: - the series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n), - at least one series circuit of electrical measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n), - the electrical measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), - the electrical equalization switch (S_B), - an electrical equalization resistor (R_B), - a measuring device (3), and - a control device (4), - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) are connected in series between one end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and one end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) and between at least one node (ZK1, ..., ZKn-1) of the next energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and at least one node (RK1, ..., RKn-1) of the next measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) to assign at least one respective measuring resistor (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n) to at least one respective energy storage cell (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n), - wherein the measuring device (3) is designed to measure a measured voltage quantity (MSP) dropping across at least one measuring resistor (R_1), - wherein the control device (4) is designed for controlling the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n) and the equalization switch (S_B) for determining, in particular, the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and the proper operating states (FS1, FSi, ..., FSn, FSB) of the measuring switches (S_1, S_i, ..., S_n), and in particular the equalization switch (S_B), depending on measurements of the measuring voltage quantity (MSP) and for equalizing, in particular, the changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination, and - wherein, for the purpose of, in particular, the, equalization, an equalization series circuit (AR) of the equalization switch (S_B) and the equalization resistor (R_B) is connected in parallel to a measurement series circuit (MS) of a last measuring switch (S_n) and a last measuring resistor (R_n) at the end (ZE) of the series circuit of the energy storage cells (Z_1, Z_i, ..., Z_n) and the end (RE) of the series circuit of the measuring resistors (R_1, R_i, ..., R_n).

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