Method for manufacturing a decorative part

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a decorative part 2 for the interior of a vehicle with a decorative layer 4, for example, made of wood veneer, aluminum or foil, which, after a material-specific pretreatment, can be printed in one or more colors using an inkjet printing process such as a DOS or CIJ process.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a decorative part for the interior of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.

[0002] US Patent 11,679,614 B2 discloses a method for manufacturing a decorative part for vehicle interiors. In this method, a special resist lacquer is applied to a decorative layer formed from a metal sheet using a digital printing process. After application of the resist lacquer, the layer is finished by brushing, with the resist lacquer being resistant to this mechanical post-treatment. This allows for the production of specific designs for the decorative part. It has been found that the approach described in US Patent 11,679,614 B2 is not readily suitable for applying general paint or other printing inks to the decorative layer of the decorative part. In particular, the application of inks that are not resist lacquers results in inferior print quality. However, there is a need to be able to use digital printing processes more broadly in the production of decorative parts for vehicle interiors.

[0003] The present invention is based on the objective of providing a method which enables the printing of different decorative layers for the production of decorative parts for the interior of a vehicle using a digital printing process.

[0004] To solve this problem, a method for manufacturing a decorative part for the interior of a vehicle is proposed, comprising the following steps: a) Provision of a decorative layer made of a material; b) Pretreatment of a front side of the decorative layer adapted to the material to enable printing on the front side; c) Printing the front side using an inkjet printing process; d) trimming of the decorative layer, if necessary; e) Pre-forming of a decorative element from the decorative layer; f) Back-injection of the decorative element with a plastic on one of the back sides opposite the front (4); g) Painting the front.

[0005] Depending on the material, which may include wood, aluminum, or plastic in the form of a foil, step b) involves pretreating one side of the decorative layer. Preferred examples of this pretreatment are described in more detail below. It has also been found that, of all digital printing methods, inkjet printing is best suited for printing decorative layers, especially those made of wood, aluminum, or plastic. With appropriate inks and the aforementioned pretreatment, it is possible to print decorative layers on virtually any material, and the printed image, and thus the corresponding decorative elements, can meet even the stringent requirements of the automotive industry.

[0006] After pretreating the front side of the decorative layer, which, upon completion, constitutes a visible side of the decorative part, and printing the front side in step c), the decorative layer can be trimmed in step d). Alternatively, a pre-trimmed decorative layer can be provided in step a). According to the present invention, it is also possible and preferred to process the decorative layer before step b), in particular to drill one or more holes, mill the decorative layer, treat the decorative layer with a laser, and / or trim it.

[0007] In step e), the decorative layer is deformed to form a decorative element. Preferably, this involves a three-dimensional deformation of the essentially planar decorative layer. The back injection molding of the decorative element, preferably with a plastic comprising at least one of the following materials: polyolefins, polypropylene (PP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS) and its copolymers, such as in particular acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide (PA) and / or polyoxymethylene (POM), stabilizes the decorative element and thus forms the body of the decorative part, which is finished by painting the front surface. Fastening elements can be formed on the back of the decorative part opposite the decorative layer, allowing the decorative part to be secured in the vehicle interior.Alternatively or additionally, structures can be formed here through which light can be introduced into the substrate formed by the plastic during back injection molding.

[0008] Inkjet printing refers to printing processes in which liquid ink is applied to the front surface of the decorative layer, for example, as droplets in the DOD (Drop on Demand) process or from an ink jet in the CIJ (Continuous Inkjet) process. In the DOD process, individual ink droplets are applied to the area to be printed. Here, for example, ink droplets are heated by a heating element to form a vapor bubble for ejection ("bubble jet process"), ink droplets are ejected via a piezoelectric element, or individual nozzles can be controlled by valves, which open when a droplet is to leave the nozzle (pressure valve process). In the CIJ process, at least one ink jet is generated, in which the ink breaks up uniformly into individual droplets.The formed droplets are directed into the area to be printed via targeted electrostatic charging.

[0009] The inventive method allows decorative layers for decorative parts to be printed using inkjet printing. This enables the creation of complex designs on the front side of the decorative layer, which cannot be achieved with the same quality using screen printing. Symbols, design elements, and similar elements can be printed onto the decorative element. The printing can be done in one or more colors.

[0010] In one embodiment, the material is wood and the decorative layer is a wood veneer. A wood veneer is understood to be a sheet of wood, particularly one with a thickness of approximately 0.5 to 8 mm, which has been separated from a log by sawing or cutting. Preferably, wood veneers with a thickness of 0.6 to 0.9 mm are used, with the thickness after production of the decorative element preferably being in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 mm, especially after appropriate sanding of the wood veneer. These thicknesses allow for easy and efficient handling of the decorative layer and simultaneously create a durable decorative element. In particular, a backlit decorative layer can be produced, which can be illuminated from behind. A decorative element with a wood veneer decorative layer is visually appealing and conveys a high-quality impression.At the same time, wood veneer has a low weight per unit area due to its density and thinness. This allows for the production of lightweight decorative elements.

[0011] Preferably, the back of the decorative layer is sanded before step c) and preferably before step b). This improves the adhesion of the plastic in step f) and the bond with the decorative layer. At the same time, any deviations exceeding the tolerance range can be compensated for. If a lamination is to be applied to the back, the preferably sanded back surface improves the adhesion of the lamination and simplifies the bonding process.

[0012] In this context, it is preferred that, after grinding the back of the decorative layer, the back is laminated with a nonwoven fabric, in particular a cellulose and / or polyester nonwoven fabric, and especially that the nonwoven fabric is glued to the back of the decorative layer. This allows stresses in the wood veneer to be absorbed and the wood veneer to be reinforced. At the same time, good adhesion to the plastic during back injection molding in step f) is achieved. Grinding the back of the decorative layer ensures a good bond with the nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric is preferably bonded to the back of the decorative layer using a thermosetting or thermosetting adhesive system.

[0013] Preferably, the front surface of the decorative layer is sanded before step c) and especially before step b). This further improves the print quality during printing in step c). At the same time, the thickness of the wood laminate can be adjusted in this way.

[0014] Preferably, the front surface is stained before step c) and especially after sanding, and then tempered. Tempering refers to the process of heating the wood veneer to a predetermined temperature curve. The wood veneer is heated in a controlled manner and then cooled again. For example, the decorative layer is heated to a maximum temperature in the range of 40 to 45°C. Solvent-based stains are used for staining the front surface, particularly when a UV-based or solvent-based ink is used, and water-based stains are used when a water-based ink is used.

[0015] Preferably, in step b), particularly immediately before step c), and especially after completion of the coloring and tempering, the front side is treated to increase its surface tension, particularly by means of plasma treatment and / or corona treatment. It has been found that increasing the surface tension on the front side of the decorative layer improves ink adhesion to the wood veneer, both for water-based inks, solvent-based inks (containing solvents other than water, particularly organic solvents), and UV-curable inks, resulting in a well-defined print image.

[0016] Preferably, the surface tension is increased to values ​​of at least 38 dyn / cm [dyn per centimeter], where one dyn corresponds to 10 -5Newton], in particular to values ​​of at least 43 dyn / cm, and in the case of corona treatment even up to 62 dyn / cm. It has been found that by increasing the surface tension to values ​​in this range, good adhesion of the ink to the front surface of the wood veneer can be achieved.

[0017] Corona treatment refers to the surface treatment of the front side of the decorative layer using a corona discharge. Plasma treatment refers to the surface treatment of the front side of the decorative layer using a plasma. Corona treatment is preferably performed at a frequency of 15 to 25 kHz [kilohertz] and voltages up to 80 kV [kilovolts]. In plasma treatment, an atmospheric pressure plasma is particularly suitable, where the pressure at which it is generated corresponds approximately to that of the surrounding atmosphere, i.e., normal atmospheric pressure. A plasma is defined as a partially ionized gas that is generated by electrical discharges, such as a piezoelectric direct discharge.For example, corona treatment is performed with a distance between the discharge electrode and the surface of 1.5 mm [millimeters], a treatment speed of 3 meters per minute, a power of 250 W [watts] to 900 W and a specific energy of 278 W min / m. 3 [Watts per minute per cubic meter] up to 4000 W min / m³ 3 , in particular 278 W min / m 3 up to 700 W min / m 3The process is carried out. The plasma contains charged particles, ions, and electrons, which are accelerated to very high energies and, through collisions with atmospheric gas molecules, generate large quantities of short-lived, highly reactive substances such as radicals, ozone, and other molecules in metastable excited states. These substances then react with the surface to be treated upon contact, chemically altering it. The plasma is preferably generated by direct piezoelectric discharges or by creating an arc between two electrodes using pulsed high voltage.

[0018] Preferably, the reverse side of the decorative layer is also printed, in particular using a digital printing process, especially an inkjet process. This allows, for example, the application of additional symbols or graphics that become visible when the decorative layer is backlit, i.e., when light is introduced into the substrate produced by back injection molding in step f). The reverse side is preferably pretreated in the same way as described in step b).

[0019] Preferably, the decorative element is milled after step f) but before step g) to allow for the final shape and size to be achieved within tight tolerances. The coating in step g) allows for a defined surface finish on the decorative part and protects the decorative layer from environmental influences such as moisture or grease, which could smudge the ink applied in step c). At the same time, the printing is protected from wear.

[0020] According to another embodiment, the material comprises aluminum. In particular, the decorative layer is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Such aluminum decorative layers are often perceived as high-quality. Furthermore, aluminum decorative layers are relatively lightweight and easy to process. The decorative layer is preferably supplied in the form of sheets or coils. It is preferred to perform steps a) to c) on the sheet or coil and, after step c), to define the shape and dimensions of the decorative layer by trimming it in step d).

[0021] In this context, step b) preferably includes at least one of the following treatments: A. a wet chemical treatment; B. an electrolytic oxidation; C. a plasma treatment; D. a coronary treatment; and E.g., an assignment from a detention mediator.

[0022] Corona treatment is preferably performed at a frequency of 15 to 25 kHz [kilohertz] and voltages up to 80 kV [kilovolts]. For example, corona treatment is performed with a distance of 1.5 mm [millimeters] between the discharge electrode and the surface, a treatment speed of 3 meters per minute, a power of 250 W [watts] to 900 W, and a specific energy of 278 W min / m². 3 [Watts per minute per cubic meter] up to 4000 W min / m³ 3 , in particular 278 W min / m 3 up to 700 W min / m 3 carried out.

[0023] Plasma treatment primarily utilizes atmospheric pressure plasma, where the pressure at which it is generated is approximately equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere, also known as normal pressure. A plasma is a partially ionized gas generated by electrical discharges, such as a piezoelectric direct discharge. The plasma contains charged particles, ions, and electrons, which are accelerated to very high energies. Through collisions with atmospheric gas molecules, these particles produce large quantities of short-lived, highly reactive substances, such as radicals, ozone, and other molecules in metastable excited states. These substances then react with the surface being treated, chemically altering it.The plasma is preferably generated by piezoelectric direct discharges or by creating an arc between two electrodes using pulsed high voltage. In the wet-chemical treatment, the surface is preferably first degreased in alkaline aqueous solutions and then, preferably, pickled in an alkaline or acidic pickling bath. A polyurethane-based adhesion promoter is preferably used. These treatments increase the surface tension on the front side of the decorative layer. This improves the adhesion of the ink in step c), enabling a precise printed image.

[0024] Preferably, for a decorative layer made of a material comprising aluminum, a milling treatment can be carried out after step f) and before step g). This allows influence on the geometry and shape of the final decorative part.

[0025] Preferably, the decorative layer is laminated on the back according to step c), preferably with a material comprising polyethylene, in particular high-density polyethylene, and / or thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0026] Preferably, the surface tension is increased to values ​​in the range of at least 38 dyn / cm and particularly preferably to at least 43 dyn / cm. It has been found that good adhesion of the ink to the front side of the aluminium can be achieved when the surface tension is increased to values ​​in this range.

[0027] According to a further embodiment, the material comprises a film, in particular a plastic film, which is particularly preferably made of at least one of the following materials: a polycarbonate (PC), a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), a polyurethane (PU) and / or a metal, in particular aluminium and / or copper.

[0028] In this context, step b) is particularly preferred to include at least one of the following treatments: i) a plasma treatment; ii) a coronary treatment; and iii) an assignment from a detention mediator.

[0029] Corona treatment is preferably performed at a frequency of 15 to 25 kHz [kilohertz] and voltages up to 80 kV [kilovolts]. For example, corona treatment is performed with a distance of 1.5 mm [millimeters] between the discharge electrode and the surface, a treatment speed of 3 meters per minute, a power of 250 W [watts] to 900 W, and a specific energy of 278 W min / m². 3 [Watts per minute per cubic meter] up to 4000 W min / m³ 3 , in particular 278 W min / m 3 up to 700 W min / m 3 carried out.

[0030] Plasma treatment primarily utilizes atmospheric pressure plasma, where the pressure at which it is generated is approximately equal to that of the surrounding atmosphere, also known as normal pressure. A plasma is a partially ionized gas generated by electrical discharges, such as a piezoelectric direct discharge. The plasma contains charged particles, ions, and electrons, which are accelerated to very high energies. Through collisions with atmospheric gas molecules, these particles produce large quantities of short-lived, highly reactive substances, such as radicals, ozone, and other molecules in metastable excited states. These substances then react with the surface being treated, chemically altering it.The plasma is preferably generated by piezoelectric direct discharges or by creating an arc between two electrodes using pulsed high voltage. A solvent-based polyurethane adhesion promoter is preferably used. The plasma and corona treatment increase the surface tension of the film, thus improving ink adhesion. The same effect is achieved by treatment with the adhesion promoter. This results in a well-defined printed image.

[0031] Preferably, the reverse side of the film is also printed, in particular using a digital printing process, preferably an inkjet printing process. This allows, for example, the application of additional symbols or graphics that become visible when the decorative layer is backlit, i.e., when light is introduced into the substrate created by the back injection molding in step f). The reverse side can be pretreated according to step b).

[0032] Preferably, in step b), the surface tension is increased to values ​​in the range of at least 38 dyn / cm, particularly preferably to at least 43 dyn / cm. It has been found that good adhesion of the ink to the front side of the film can be achieved when the surface tension is increased to values ​​in this range.

[0033] Regardless of the material used for the decorative layer, it is preferred that one of the following inks be used: I. a water-based ink; II. a solvent-based ink; and III. a UV-curing ink.

[0034] The aforementioned material-specific pretreatments allow the use of the inks mentioned. This provides a wide range of options in ink selection and the resulting printing possibilities. Water- or solvent-based inks are preferred when the decorative layer is to remain visible beneath the ink. UV-curing ink is preferred when an opaque print is desired in step c), under which the decorative layer is no longer visible. Furthermore, printing with UV-curing ink is more time-efficient compared to printing with water- or solvent-based inks, as drying times are significantly shorter. For a decorative layer made of wood veneer, a solvent-based ink is preferred, as it results in minimal raising of the wood fibers.

[0035] Regardless of the material used for the decorative layer, it is preferred that machining of the decorative element, in particular milling, takes place between steps f) and g). This allows for both final shaping and adaptation to specified tolerance limits.

[0036] Further details and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. The drawing schematically shows: Fig. 1: an example of a decorative element; Fig. 2: an example of a decorative element with lamination; Fig. 3: a process flow for the production of a decorative part from a decorative layer of a wood veneer; Fig. 4: a process flow for the production of a decorative part from a decorative layer of aluminium; and Fig. 5: a process flow for the production of a decorative part from a decorative layer of foil.

[0037] The Fig. Figure 1 shows an example of a decorative part 2 for the interior of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, which has been manufactured according to the method presented here. The decorative part 2 comprises a decorative element 12, which has a decorative layer 4 (see Figure 1). Fig. 2) comprises. The decorative layer 4 and the decorative element 12 have a front side 6 which, as referred to in the Fig. Figures 3 to 5 below explain how, after material-specific pretreatment, the decorative element 12 is printed using an inkjet printing process. On the front side 6 of the decorative element 12, the decorative element 2 has a lacquer layer 7 that protects the front side 6 of the decorative element 12, particularly from environmental influences and wear. Opposite the front side 6, the decorative element 12 has a back side 8 that is bonded to a plastic substrate 9, which is injection-molded onto the decorative element 12 in process step f).

[0038] Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of a decorative element 12, which has a decorative layer 4 and a side opposite the front face 6 provided with a lamination 21 designed as a nonwoven fabric 22. A cellulose and / or polyester nonwoven fabric is preferably used as the nonwoven fabric 22. The lamination stabilizes the decorative layer 2 and facilitates the injection molding of the substrate 9. The lamination 21 is bonded to the decorative layer 4, preferably by a thermoplastic or thermosetting adhesive system.

[0039] In the present process, the decorative layer 4 is preferably formed from a wood veneer, aluminum, or a foil, in particular a plastic foil. In principle, in all process steps shown here, it is also possible and preferred to process the decorative layer before step b), in particular to drill one or more holes, to mill the decorative layer, to treat the decorative layer with a laser, and / or to trim it.

[0040] Fig. Figure 3 shows a preferred process sequence for a decorative layer 4 made of a wood veneer. Individual process steps are separated and connected by arrows that demonstrate the chronological sequence.

[0041] In a first process step a), a decorative layer 4 made of wood veneer is prepared. For this purpose, the back side 8 of the decorative layer 4 is first sanded with a sanding tool 20. Subsequently, a lamination 24 is bonded to the back side 8 of the decorative layer 4 in a laminating tool 24 using a thermoplastic or thermosetting adhesive system. The lamination 24 is made of a cellulose or plastic fleece 22. Following this, the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4 is sanded in a sanding tool 20 and then dyed in a dyeing tool 26. A solvent-based stain is preferably used as the dye if a solvent-based or UV-curable ink is used in step c). If a water-based ink is used in step c), the use of a water-based stain is preferred.

[0042] Subsequently, the decorative layer 4 with lamination 21 is tempered in a heating device 28. Here, the decorative layer 4, including the lamination 21, is subjected to a predefinable tempering curve, so that the paint applied in the previous step dries and diffuses into the wood of the decorative layer 4.

[0043] In process step b), the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4 undergoes a pretreatment adapted to the material. For this purpose, the decorative layer 4 with lamination 21 is placed in a corona treatment unit 30, which comprises a high-voltage electrode 32 and a ground electrode 34. During operation, the high-voltage electrode 32 is operated with an alternating voltage of, for example, 10 to 20 kV [kilovolts] at a frequency, for example, between 10 and 60 kHz [kilohertz], which leads to electrical discharges 36, symbolically represented as lightning, that cause a surface modification of the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4, resulting in an increased surface tension on the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4.

[0044] The prepared decorative layer 4 is printed in process step c) using an inkjet printing process. Here, ink is applied to the areas to be printed on the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4 via a printhead 38 using an inkjet printing process, in particular a DOD or a CIJ process. The printing can be done in one or more colors.

[0045] In process step d), the decorative layer 4 can be trimmed if necessary. In process step e), a decorative element 12, preferably three-dimensional, is preformed from the preferably planar decorative layer 4 in a preforming tool 10.

[0046] In the subsequent process step f), the decorative element 12 is back-injected with a plastic on the rear side 8 of the decorative element 12 to form a decorative part 2. Here, the Fig. 1. Substrate 9 shown is formed. Subsequently, a milling post-processing is carried out with a milling tool 16. In process step g), a lacquer is applied to the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4 and thus of the decorative part 2 with a painting tool 18, thereby protecting the front side 6.

[0047] Fig. Figure 4 shows an example of a process sequence for the production of a decorative part 2 with a decorative layer 4 made of aluminum. In process step a), the decorative layer 4 is prepared, and in process step b), a front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4 is pretreated to enable printing on the front surface 4. For this purpose, an adhesion promoter, in this example a polyurethane-based adhesion promoter, is applied to the entire surface of the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4 by a wetting unit 38. The decorative layer 4, wetted with the adhesion promoter, is heated in a heating device 28 until the adhesion promoter has dried. The adhesion promoter ensures good printability of the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4.

[0048] In the subsequent process step c), the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4 is printed at least partially by an inkjet printing process, in particular with a DOD or CIJ process. This is then preferably followed by a non-contact coating. Fig. 4 shown reverse lamination of the decorative layer 4, before in process step d), if necessary, the printed decorative layer 4 is trimmed.

[0049] In the subsequent process step e), the flat decorative layer 4 is pre-formed in a pre-forming tool 10 into a preferably three-dimensional decorative element 12, which is then back-injected with plastic on a rear side 8 in a mold 14 in a mold 14, thus forming the decorative part 2, which is preferably subsequently machined with a milling tool 16 to obtain its final shape and dimensions. In process step g), the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4, and thus of the decorative part 2, is coated with lacquer using a coating tool 18 to protect the front side 6.

[0050] Fig.Figure 5 shows an example of a process sequence for the production of a decorative part 2 with a decorative layer 4 made of film, in particular a film made of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), and / or polyurethane (PU). In process step a), the decorative layer 4 is provided, and in process step b), a front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4 is pretreated to enable printing on the front surface 4. For this purpose, an adhesion promoter, in this example a polyurethane-based adhesion promoter, is applied to the entire surface of the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4 by a wetting unit 40. The decorative layer 4, wetted with the adhesion promoter, is heated in a heating device 28 until the adhesion promoter has dried. The adhesion promoter ensures good printability of the front surface 6 of the decorative layer 4.

[0051] In the subsequent process step c), the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4 is printed, at least partially, using an inkjet printing process, in particular a DOD or CIJ process. In process step d), the printed decorative layer 4 is trimmed if necessary.

[0052] In the subsequent process step e), the flat decorative layer 4 is pre-formed in a pre-forming tool 10 into a preferably three-dimensional decorative element 12, which is then back-injected with plastic on a rear side 8 in a mold 14 in a mold 14, thus forming the decorative part 2, which is preferably subsequently machined with a milling tool 16 to obtain its final shape and dimensions. In process step g), the front side 6 of the decorative layer 4, and thus of the decorative part 2, is coated with lacquer using a coating tool 18 to protect the front side 6.

[0053] The present method allows the production of a decorative part 2 for the interior of a vehicle with a decorative layer 4, for example, made of wood veneer, aluminum or foil, which, after a material-specific pretreatment, can be printed in one or more colors using an inkjet printing process such as a DOS or CIJ process. Reference symbol list 2 decorative part 4 decorative layers 6 Front 7 coats of lacquer 8 Back 9 Substrat 10 Preforming tool 12 decorative elements 14 injection molds 16 milling tools 18 painting tools 20 grinding tools 21 Lamination 22 fleece 24 laminating tools 26 Dyeing tool 28 Heating device 30 Coronary Treatment Units 32 High-voltage electrode 34 Mass electrode 36 electrical discharge 38 Printhead 40 wetting units QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 11,679,614 B2

[0002]

Claims

[1] Method for manufacturing a decorative part (2) for the interior of a vehicle, comprising the following steps: a) Provision of a decorative layer (4) made of a material; b) material-adapted pretreatment of a front side (6) of the decorative layer (4) to enable printing of the front side (6); c) Printing of the front side (6) using an inkjet printing process; d) if necessary, trimming of the decorative layer (4); e) Pre-forming of a decorative element (12) from the decorative layer (4); f) Back-injection of the decorative element (12) with a plastic on one of the back sides (6) opposite the front side (4); g) Painting the front (4). [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that the material is wood and the decorative layer (4) is a wood veneer. [3] Method according to claim 2, characterized by, that before step c) and preferably before step b) the back (8) of the decorative layer (4) is sanded. [4] Method according to claim 3, characterized by , that after the grinding processing of the back (8) of the decorative layer (4) the back (8) is laminated with a fleece (22), in particular a cellulose and / or polyester fleece, in particular the fleece (22) is glued to the back (8) of the decorative layer (4). [5] Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by , that before step c) the front side (6) of the decorative layer (4) is sanded. [6] Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by , that the front side (6) is treated in step b), in particular immediately before step c), to increase the surface tension of the front side (6), in particular by means of plasma treatment and / or corona treatment. [7] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the material includes aluminium. [8] Method according to claim 7, characterized by , that step b) includes at least one of the following treatments: A. a wet chemical treatment; B. an electrolytic oxidation; C. a plasma treatment; D. a coronary treatment; and E.g., an assignment from a detention mediator. [9] Method according to claim 1, characterized by that the material comprises a film, in particular a plastic film. [10] Method according to claim 9, characterized by , that step b) includes at least one of the following treatments: i) a plasma treatment, ii) a coronary treatment; and iii) an assignment from a detention mediator. [11] Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by that the reverse side (8) of the foil is printed, in particular using a digital printing process, preferably an inkjet printing process. [12] Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that one of the following inks is used: I. a water-based ink; II. a solvent-based ink; and III. a UV-curing ink. [13] Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that between steps f. and g. a machining operation of the decorative element (12) takes place, in particular a milling operation.

Images