3D-SEGMENTED MULTI-MATERIAL CORE

Abstract

A multi-material choke comprising one or more sections arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis and extending between a first end and a second end, wherein the one or more sections each define at least one opening extending between the first end and the second end, and wherein the one or more sections comprise one or more materials arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Description

INTRODUCTION

[0001] The information contained in this section serves to present the context of the disclosure in general terms. Works of the inventors mentioned herein, insofar as they are described in this section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise be considered prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor implicitly admitted as prior art contrary to the present disclosure.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to electric vehicles and in particular to a throttle for an electric vehicle.

[0003] Electrical chokes (i.e., inductors) are commonly used in battery chargers, inverters, DC-DC converters, EMI (electromagnetic interference) filters, and generally in power conversion systems (PCS) of electric vehicles. Chokes can be configured to resist alternating current (AC) while allowing direct current (DC) to pass unimpeded. Many existing systems consist of chokes made of a single material, which can only attenuate one form of disturbance (e.g., electrical, thermal, or mechanical, etc.). The shortcomings of existing systems are addressed by one or more aspects of the present disclosure. SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, a multi-material choke is provided, comprising one or more sections arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis and extending between a first and a second end, wherein the one or more sections each define at least one opening extending between the first and the second end, and wherein the one or more sections comprise one or more materials arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis.

[0005] The multi-material choke can include one or more of the following optional aspects. For example, at least one opening of each of the one or more sections can be coaxial along the longitudinal axis.

[0006] According to at least one aspect, at least one of the one or more sections can comprise a base and one or more inserts arranged in the base. The one or more inserts can be spaced apart about the longitudinal axis. The base and the one or more inserts can define the at least one opening extending between the first and second ends. The base can be made of a first material, and the one or more inserts can be made of one or more materials different from the first material.

[0007] According to another aspect, the multi-material choke can comprise one or more layers arranged radially inwards for the base and the one or more inserts. The base, the one or more layers, and the one or more inserts of at least one of the one or more sections are made of different materials.

[0008] According to at least one example, the one or more sections can comprise a majority component and one or more minority components. At least one of the major components or the one or more minority components consists of a nanocrystalline material.

[0009] In another embodiment, a multi-material throttle for a vehicle is provided, comprising one or more sections arranged side by side with respect to a longitudinal axis. Each of the one or more sections comprises a base, one or more inserts arranged in the base, and at least one opening defined by the base and the one or more inserts.

[0010] The multi-material throttle for the vehicle can include one or more of the following optional aspects. For example, the base can be made of a primary material, and the one or more inserts can be made of one or more materials that differ from the primary material.

[0011] According to at least one aspect, the base comprises a nanocrystalline material, and one or more inserts comprise a nanocrystalline material.

[0012] According to another aspect, the base can comprise an inner layer and an outer layer that is radially spaced from the inner layer, and the one or more inserts are intermediate layers that are arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer.

[0013] According to at least one example, the one or more inserts can be arranged around a circumference of the base and spaced apart around the longitudinal axis.

[0014] According to another example, the base can include a majority component, and the one or more stakes can include one or more minority components.

[0015] In a further embodiment, a vehicle is provided which comprises a vehicle body, a drive system coupled to the vehicle body, including an inverter with one input and one output, a battery communicatively coupled to the input of the inverter and a motor communicatively coupled to the output of the inverter, as well as a multi-material choke arranged in relation to the drive system.The multi-material choke comprises one or more sections arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis and extending between a first and a second end, wherein the one or more sections each define at least one opening extending between the first and the second end, wherein the one or more sections comprise a main component and one or more minority components, and the main component is selected to target one mechanical, electrical, or thermal property, and the one or more minority components are selected to target the other mechanical, electrical, or thermal property.

[0016] The vehicle may have one or more of the following optional features. For example, the multi-material choke can be positioned between the battery and the inverter input.

[0017] According to at least one aspect, the multi-material choke can be placed between the output of the inverter and the motor.

[0018] According to another aspect, the multi-material throttle can be located inside the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings described herein serve only to illustrate selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 1 is a perspective front view of a vehicle with a propulsion system according to the principles of the present disclosure; Fig. 2A is a schematic circuit diagram for a first design of the drive system of Fig. 1, including a throttle; Fig. 2B is a schematic circuit diagram for a second embodiment of the drive system of Fig. 1, including a throttle; Fig. 2C is a schematic circuit diagram for a third embodiment of the drive system of Fig. 1, including a throttle; Fig. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of a throttle according to the principles of the present disclosure; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a throttle according to the principles of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a throttle according to the principles of the present disclosure; and Fig. Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a throttle according to the principles of the present disclosure.

[0020] Corresponding reference symbols identify corresponding parts in the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Based on the accompanying drawings, exemplary embodiments are now described in more detail. These exemplary embodiments are provided to illustrate this disclosure comprehensively and to convey its full scope to the person skilled in the art. Specific details are given, such as examples of specific components, devices, and processes, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of this disclosure. The person skilled in the art will recognize that specific details need not be used, that exemplary embodiments can take many different forms, and that the specific details and exemplary embodiments should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the disclosure.

[0022] The terminology used herein serves only to describe certain exemplary configurations and is not to be understood as restrictive. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," as well as "the," "a," "a," and "a" can also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprise," "comprehensive," "contain," and "exhibit" are inclusive and thus indicate the presence of features, steps, processes, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, processes, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The procedural steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be interpreted as necessarily having to be carried out in the specific order discussed or illustrated, unless they are expressly designated as a sequence of execution.Additional or alternative steps can be applied.

[0023] When an element or layer is described as being "on" or "interacting with" another element or layer, or as being "connected" or "coupled" or "attached" to the same, it may be directly on or interacting with, connected with, coupled to, or attached to the other element or layer, or there may be intervening elements or layers. However, when an element is described as being "directly on" or "directly interacting with" another element or layer, or as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" or "directly attached" to the same, there must be no intervening elements or layers. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted similarly (e.g.,(e.g., "between" as opposed to "directly between", "neighboring" or "adjacent" as opposed to "directly adjacent" or "directly bordering", etc.). The term "and / or" as used herein encompasses all combinations of one or more of the related listed points.

[0024] The terms “first / first / first”, “second / second / second”, “third / third / third”, etc., may be used herein to describe different elements, components, areas, layers, and / or sections. These elements, components, areas, layers, and / or sections should not be restricted by these terms. These terms may only be used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or section from another. Unless explicitly stated by the context, terms such as “first / first / first”, “second / second / second”, and other numerical terms do not imply any particular sequence or order.Thus, one could refer to a first element, a first component, a first area, a first layer or a first section, which are discussed below, as a second element, second component, second area, second layer or second section, without deviating from the principles of the exemplary designs.

[0025] In this application and the definitions below, the term "module" may be replaced by the term "circuit". The term "module" may refer to, be part of, or include: an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital, analog, or mixed analog / digital discrete circuit, a digital, analog, or mixed analog / digital integrated circuit, a combinational logic circuit, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a processor (common, dedicated, or group) that executes code, a memory (common, dedicated, or group) that stores code executed by a processor, other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality, or a combination of some or all of the above components, for example, in a system-on-a-chip.

[0026] The term "code," as used above, can include software, firmware, and / or microcode and can refer to programs, routines, functions, classes, and / or objects. The term "shared processor" includes a single processor that executes some or all of the code from multiple modules. The term "group processor" includes a processor that, in combination with additional processors, executes some or all of the code from one or more modules. The term "shared memory" includes a single memory that stores some or all of the code from multiple modules. The term "group memory" includes memory that, in combination with additional memory, stores some or all of the code from one or more modules. The term "memory" can be a subcategory of the term "computer-readable medium."The term "computer-readable medium" excludes transitory electrical and electromagnetic signals propagating through a medium and can therefore be considered tangible, non-transient storage. Non-restrictive examples of non-transient storage include tangible, computer-readable media, including non-volatile memory, magnetic storage, and optical storage.

[0027] The devices and methods described in this application can be implemented in whole or in part by one or more computer programs executed by one or more processors. The computer programs comprise processor-executable instructions stored on at least one non-transient, tangible, computer-readable medium. The computer programs may also include and / or be based on stored data.

[0028] A software application (i.e., a software resource) can refer to computer software that causes a computer device to perform a task. In some examples, a software application may be called an "application," "app," or "program." Examples of applications include system diagnostics applications, system administration applications, system maintenance applications, word processing applications, spreadsheet applications, messaging applications, media streaming applications, social networking applications, and gaming applications.

[0029] Non-transient memory can be physical devices used for the temporary or permanent storage of programs (e.g., sequences of instructions) or data (e.g., program status information) for use by a computer. Non-transient memory can be volatile and / or non-volatile addressable semiconductor memory. Examples of non-volatile memory include flash memory and read-only memory (ROM) / programmable read-only memory (PROM) / erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) / electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) (e.g., typically used for firmware, such as boot programs). Examples of volatile memory include random-access memory (RAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), and floppy disks or tapes.

[0030] These computer programs (also referred to as programs, software, software applications, or code) contain machine instructions for a programmable processor and may be implemented in a procedural and / or object-oriented high-level programming language and / or in assembly language / machine language. The terms "machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable medium" as used herein refer to all computer program products, non-transient computer-readable media, devices, and / or equipment (e.g., magnetic disks, optical disks, memory, programmable logic circuits (PLDs)) that serve to provide machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term "machine-readable signal" refers to all signals that serve to provide machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor.

[0031] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described herein may be realized in digital electronic and / or optical circuits, integrated circuits, specially designed ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpretable on a programmable system comprising at least one programmable processor, which can be used for special or general purposes and is coupled such that it receives data and instructions from and transmits data and instructions to a storage system, as well as at least one input device and at least one output device.

[0032] The processes and logical sequences described in this patent can be executed by one or more programmable processors, also known as data processing hardware, which run one or more computer programs to perform functions by responding to input data and producing outputs. The processes and logical sequences can also be executed by specialized logic circuits, such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Processors suitable for executing a computer program include, for example, both general-purpose and specialized microprocessors, as well as one or more processors of any type of digital computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from read-only memory, random-access memory, or both.The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more storage devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer also includes one or more mass storage devices for storing data, such as magnetic, magneto-optical, or optical disks, or is functionally coupled to them to receive data from or to them, or both. However, a computer does not necessarily have to have such devices. Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media, and storage devices, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.The processor and memory can be supplemented by special logic circuits or integrated into them.

[0033] To enable interaction with a user, one or more aspects of the revelation can be implemented on a computer that has a display device, such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor or a touchscreen, to show information to the user, and optionally a keyboard and pointing device, such as a mouse or trackball, with which the user can input information to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to enable interaction with the user; for example, the user can receive any form of sensory feedback, such as visual, auditory, or tactile feedback, and user input can be received in any form, including acoustic, verbal, or tactile input.Furthermore, a computer can interact with a user by sending and receiving documents to and from a device used by the user, e.g., by sending web pages to a web browser on a user's client device after requests have been received from the web browser.

[0034] In general, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (xEVs) can be affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI can, for example, disrupt vehicle electronics and / or violate EMI regulations. EMI is a process by which electromagnetic energy is transferred from one electrical device to another via radiation and / or conduction. Types of EMI include radiated EMI, common-mode EMI, and differential EMI.

[0035] EMI emissions originate from a radiation source and propagate along a radiation path until they reach a sensitive receiver. The intensity of the emitted EMI can depend on the source, the device, and the sensitive receiver.

[0036] Common-mode EMI can be electrically generated when a circuit with a high voltage rise rate (i.e., dV / dt) exhibits significant parasitic capacitance to ground. In other words, common-mode EMI appears as an unwanted current measured across one or more conductors connected in parallel to a common reference ground.

[0037] Differential EMI can be a signal that appears on two conductors of a closed loop, while the current flow is in the opposite direction. This generally appears in series with a desired signal.

[0038] Existing chokes typically rely on expensive materials to control one or more types of EMI and / or filter noise currents. According to the principles of this disclosure, a choke is provided to reduce costs, reduce weight, improve thermal conductivity, and / or improve inductance for a target frequency.

[0039] With reference to Fig. Figure 1 shows an exemplary vehicle 10 with a vehicle body 12. The vehicle 10 includes one or more wheels 14 coupled to the vehicle body 12. The vehicle 10 also includes a drive system 100 that supplies power to at least one of the wheels 14 to propel the vehicle 10.

[0040] In general, the drive system 100 comprises a power source (e.g., a battery) 110, an inverter 120, and an electric motor (i.e., a motor). The inverter 120 has an input connected to the battery 110 and an output connected to the motor 130.

[0041] In a configuration such as in Fig. As shown in Figure 2A, the drive system 100 also includes an inductor 200, which is communicatively coupled to and located between the battery 110 and the input of the inverter 120. Positioning the inductor 200 between the battery 110 and the inverter 120 may be desirable to reduce EMI emanating from or received by other systems connected to the battery.

[0042] In another form, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 2B, the drive system 100' includes the choke 200, which is communicatively coupled to the output of the inverter 120 and the motor 130 and is located between them. The arrangement of the choke 200 between the inverter 120 and the motor 130 may be desirable to reduce EMI, common-mode current, and bearing current.

[0043] In yet another variation, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 2C, the drive system 100" includes the throttle 200, which is communicatively coupled to and located within the motor 130. Locating the throttle 200 inside the motor 130 may be desirable to reduce the packaging size and overall weight and to increase the power density.

[0044] Fig. Figure 3 shows an illustrative design of a 300-series throttle. This design is similar in many respects to the design of the Fig. 1 and 2A-2C. Accordingly, the descriptions of the configurations are mutually included herein, and the description of the subject matter common to the configurations is not repeated if necessary.

[0045] With reference to Fig. Figure 3 provides for the choke 300, which comprises one or more sections 302 arranged side by side with respect to a longitudinal axis 304 and made of one or more materials to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. The choke 300 comprises a first end 306 and a second end 308 spaced apart from the first end 306 with respect to a longitudinal axis 304. The one or more sections 302 may comprise a first end section 310, a second end section 312 spaced apart from the first end section 310, and one or more inner sections 314 arranged between the first end section 310 and the second end section 312. Each of the one or more sections 302 comprises a base 316, which may have one or more through-holes 318 extending through a portion of the base 316.In other words, the one or more sections 302 may not include through-holes. The base 316 may be partially defined by a perimeter that defines a rectangular, cylindrical, or other shape. One or more inserts 320 may be arranged in the one or more through-holes 318 of the base 316. The base 316 of each of the one or more sections 302 may be made of a first material, and the one or more inserts 320 may be made of one or more materials different from the first material. Thus, for example, each base 316 of the one or more sections 302 and of the one or more inserts 320 may be made of different nanocrystalline materials. According to one aspect, the base 302 of the first end section 310, the second end section 312, and the one or more inner sections 314 may each be made of one or more materials.According to one aspect, the one or more through-holes 318 can have a rectangular, circular, or other shape, and the one or more inserts 320 can have a shape that corresponds to the one or more through-holes 318. In the arrangement, the base 316 and the one or more inserts 320 can define an opening 322 in each of the one or more sections 302. The opening 322 can extend from the first end 306 to the second end 308 and can be configured to accommodate one or more wires or cables (not shown) extending from the first end 306 to the second end 308. According to one aspect, the opening 322 of each of the one or more sections 302 is arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis 304.

[0046] The combination of materials in each base 316 and the materials and position of the one or more inserts 320 within each base 316 may differ from the present illustrative embodiment in order to further improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties of the choke 300. Furthermore, it may be desirable to stack the one or more sections 302 relative to each other and along the longitudinal axis 304, for example, to adjust and improve the performance of the choke 300.

[0047] Fig. Figure 4 shows another illustrative embodiment of a 400-series throttle. This embodiment is similar in many respects to the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2A-2C and Fig. 3. Accordingly, the descriptions of the configurations are hereby mutually included, and the description of the subject matter common to the configurations is not repeated if necessary.

[0048] With reference to Fig. Figure 4 provides for the choke 400, which comprises one or more sections 402 arranged side by side with respect to a longitudinal axis 404 and made of one or more materials to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. The choke 400 comprises a first end 406 and a second end 408 spaced apart from the first end 406 with respect to a longitudinal axis 404. The one or more sections 402 may comprise a first end section 410, a second end section 412 spaced apart from the first end section 410, and one or more inner sections 414 arranged between the first end section 410 and the second end section 412. Each of the one or more sections 402 comprises one or more components.For example, one of the one or more sections 402 may comprise a majority component 416 and one or more minority components 418. Additionally or alternatively, at least one or all of the one or more sections 402 may comprise one or more identical components. In general, it may be desirable to vary and / or select the majority and minority components 416, 418 to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties of the choke 400. In the present illustrative example, each of the one or more sections 402 comprises a base 420 and one or more inserts 422 arranged in a portion of the base 420 and spaced apart about the longitudinal axis 404.According to one aspect, the base 420 can consist of the main component 416, and the one or more inserts 422 can consist of one or more minority components 418. According to another aspect, the base 420 can consist of one type of nanocrystalline material, and the one or more inserts 422 can consist of one or more different types of nanocrystalline material.

[0049] Fig. Figure 5 shows another illustrative embodiment of a 500-series throttle. This embodiment is similar in many respects to the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2A-2C, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Accordingly, the descriptions of the configurations are hereby mutually included, and the description of the subject matter common to the configurations is not repeated if necessary.

[0050] With reference to Fig. In Figure 5, the choke 500 is provided, comprising one or more sections 502 arranged side by side with respect to a longitudinal axis 504 and made of one or more materials to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. The choke 500 comprises a first end 506 and a second end 508 spaced apart from the first end 506 with respect to a longitudinal axis 504. The one or more sections 502 may comprise a first end section 510, a second end section 512 spaced apart from the first end section 510, and one or more inner sections 514 arranged between the first end section 510 and the second end section 512. In the present illustrative embodiment, the first end section 510 comprises a first or inner layer 516 and a second or outer layer 518 arranged radially to the inner layer 516.According to one aspect, the inner layer 516 can define an opening 520 extending between the first end 506 and the second end 508. Furthermore, the inner layer 516 can consist of a first material, e.g., a nanocrystalline material. The outer layer 518 can comprise part of a base 522 and one or more inserts 524 arranged in the base 522. According to one aspect, the one or more inserts 524 can be spaced apart from each other about the longitudinal axis 504. According to another aspect, the base 522 and the one or more inserts 524 can consist of one or more materials different from the first material. For example, the base 522 and the one or more inserts 524 can consist of one or more different types of nanocrystalline material or a material different from that of the inner layer 516.

[0051] With further reference to Fig. 5. It may be desirable for one or more inner sections 514 to be made of a single material in order to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties of the choke 500. Depending on one aspect, the inner sections 514 may have the same or different thicknesses T1, T2.

[0052] Fig. Figure 6 shows another illustrative embodiment of a 600 throttle. This embodiment is similar in many respects to the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2A-2C, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Accordingly, the descriptions of the configurations are hereby mutually included, and the description of the subject matter common to the configurations is not repeated if necessary.

[0053] With reference to Fig. Figure 6 provides for the choke 600, which comprises one or more sections 602 arranged side by side with respect to a longitudinal axis 604 and made of one or more materials to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. The choke 600 comprises a first end 606 and a second end 608, which is spaced apart from the first end 606 with respect to the longitudinal axis 604. The one or more sections 602 may comprise a first end section 610, a second end section 612 spaced apart from the first end section 610, and one or more inner sections 614 arranged between the first end section 610 and the second end section 612. The one or more sections 602 may comprise a first or innermost layer 616 and a second or outermost layer 618, which are arranged radially with respect to the innermost layer 616.In the present illustrative embodiment, the first end section 610 also includes one or more intermediate layers 620 arranged radially between the innermost layer 616 and the outermost layer 618. The innermost layer 616 can define an opening 622 extending between the first end 606 and the second end 608. In one aspect, the innermost layer 616 can be made of a first material and the outermost layer 618 of a second material, while the intermediate layers 620 can be made of one or more materials different from the first and second materials. The combination of materials can be varied to improve and / or optimize the electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties of the choke 600.

[0054] With further reference to Fig.6. The throttle 600 can comprise a base 624, which can include the innermost layer 616 and the outermost layer 618, which is radially spaced from the innermost layer 616. Furthermore, the throttle 600 can comprise one or more inserts 626, which comprise the one or more intermediate layers arranged radially between the innermost layer 616 and the outermost layer 618.

[0055] A number of implementations have been described. However, it is understood that various modifications can be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the revelation. Consequently, other implementations also fall within the scope of the following claims.

[0056] The foregoing description serves for illustration and description purposes. It makes no claim to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but are interchangeable and may be used in a selected embodiment, even if they are not specifically shown or described. They may also be modified in many ways. Such modifications are not to be understood as a departure from the disclosure, and all such changes are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

[1] Multi-material choke comprising: one or more sections arranged with respect to a longitudinal axis and extending between a first and a second end, wherein the one or more sections each define at least one opening extending between the first and the second end, and wherein the one or more sections comprise one or more materials arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis. [2] Multi-material choke according to claim 1, wherein the at least one opening of each of the one or more sections is coaxial along the longitudinal axis. [3] Multi-material choke according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more sections comprises a base and one or more inserts arranged in the base. [4] Multi-material choke according to claim 3, wherein the one or more inserts are spaced apart about the longitudinal axis. [5] Multi-material choke according to claim 4, wherein the base and the one or more inserts define the at least one opening extending between the first end and the second end. [6] Multi-material choke according to claim 5, wherein the base consists of a first material and the one or more inserts consist of one or more materials that differ from the first material. [7] Multi-material choke according to claim 3, further comprising one or more layers arranged radially inwards with respect to the base and the one or more inserts. [8] Multi-material choke according to claim 7, wherein the base, the one or more layers and the one or more inserts of at least one of the one or more sections are made of different materials. [9] Multi-material choke according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sections comprise a majority component and one or more minority components. [10] Multi-material choke according to claim 9, wherein at least one of the main components or one or more minority components consist of a nanocrystalline material.

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