Ladder and gliders for a ladder

Abstract

The invention provides a way to conduct, for example, a rescue operation using ladders in a cost-effective and realistic manner. This is achieved by providing a ladder glider with a fastening element and a sliding element. The sliding element has a sliding surface that allows it to slide along a surface. In conjunction with a ladder, the structure of the sliding surface allows it to move across a surface with very low sliding resistance.

Description

The invention relates to a slider for a conductor according to claim 1 and a conductor according to claim 15.For rescue persons who have, for example, penetrated in a frozen body of water, it is common for rescuers to approach ladders of the person who has penetrated. For this purpose, for example, two ladders are guided next to one another lying on the ice. The rescue person moves on the way to the person who has fallen in on at least two ladders or two ladder parts. Once the person who has broken in has been reached, a conductor part is pushed towards him, if possible beyond the edge of the point of break-in, as a holding possibility and, if possible, can pull itself up on it. As soon as the person has been recovered from the water or the person can hold himself firmly on a muntin of the ladder, the ladder part with the rescued person is pushed or pulled away from the break-in point. In the rescue phase, one person is then located on one conductor part each. In the case of a plurality of people who have broken in, it may appear expedient to use further conductor parts. The advantage of this method consists on the one hand in a uniform displacement of the weight of the persons to the largest possible ice surface. On the other hand, the spars and the bars of the ladder serve as an advantageous structure for holding all persons involved. In addition, the ladders can be connected to ropes, via which the ladders can be pulled back to the land by additional persons or by rope winching.In order that rescue can be carried out as successfully as possible, i.e. also in a time-efficient manner, it is regularly practiced-for example by the fire weir. In most cases, this exercise cannot be carried out on an ice surface, but must be carried out on a replacement surface which is as smooth as possible. For example, a parking facility or a hall floor can serve for this purpose. In order to be able to practice rescue as realistically as possible, the ladders are pulled over the ground for this purpose. Since the sliding friction occurring between the ladders and the subgrade is always greater than that occurring on the ice, there is increased mechanical abrasion of the ladders on one side of the spars, but also of the subgrade. In particular, ladders used in the fire weir may have an indicator indicating an indication of abrasion at the spars. If this abrasion is too great, the conductors must be replaced. Apart from the fact that such exercises can thus be realized only at increased cost, the conditions during the exercise differ greatly from those on the ice because of the different sliding resistances. A further disadvantage of the method described here for simulating or training ice rescue can be seen in the fact that particularly comforted hall floors can be massively scratched by the ladders and have to be changed over the long term so that they do not pose any danger.The fire weirs and rescue organizations, police and municipal offices, but also commercial service providers, use portable ladders. In addition to the intended use of ladders as a climbing aid, these equipment can also be used for other purposes, in particular when human life has to be saved or other emergency aid has to be provided and aids have to be created from existing equipment. The plug-in conductor parts standardized and frequently used in the fire weirs and other organizations or else the multifunction conductors are particularly suitable for this purpose on account of their nature, but also on account of the special use permitted by the manufacturers.The invention is based on the object of finding a way by which a rescue operation, such as, for example, an ice rescue, can be carried out using ladders and simulated in a cost-effective and realistic manner.A slider for achieving this object has the features of claim 1. Accordingly, it is provided that a slider for a conductor has a fastening element and a sliding element. The sliding element has a sliding surface with which it can slide along a substrate. In conjunction with a ladder, this can be moved over a ground with a very low sliding resistance due to the nature of the sliding surface. Because the sliding surface of the slider is in contact with the underlying surface, the conductors, during a relative movement of the conductors over the underlying surface, do not per se experience any mechanical force which could lead to abrasion of the spars. The fastening element can be detachably fastened to the spars of the ladder, so that it can be connected to the ladder or removed again depending on the use of the ladder. A further advantage which can be seen in the use of the sliders is that unevenness of the underlying surface is compensated for. The less realistic tilting of the ladder on an uneven ground known hitherto is thereby avoided.The invention extends the use of ladder parts (for horizontal or inclined use) on different substrates both in movement and in a resting state. The invention ensures that the conductor parts slide better on different substrates and / or the bearing surface of the conductor parts is enlarged and / or damage, for example due to pressure or abrasion, to the conductors and / or to the substrate is prevented or reduced. For the specific task and the underlying surface, the conductor slider can be designed as a narrow slider or as a skid or can be designed widely for distributing the load on the underlying surface in the form of sheets or a wide skid, for example such as a ski. The slider can, however, also consist of a buoyancy body which is made of a special solid or hollow bodies or also of an inflatable buoyancy body. The combination of the sliders from properties which supplement each other is also conceivable.It is conceivable that the sliding element is an integral component of the fastening element. Alternatively, it is equally conceivable for the sliding element to be detachably fastened to the fastening element. In particular, the second alternative embodiment makes it possible to replace the sliding element. Replacement is possible, for example, in the event of severe mechanical wear or in order to provide the fastening element with a guiding element which is specially matched to the underlying surface.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention provides that the fastening means is U-shaped, wherein a first and a second leg of the fastening means are of the same length or of different lengths and the sliding element is located or can be detachably fastened to a base part of the fastening means which is arranged between the two legs. This U-shape is particularly well suited for fastening the fastening means to a spar of the ladder. Moreover, this geometric shape can be produced particularly easily.In particular, it is conceivable for the two legs of the fastening means to be formed at least largely parallel to one another. It is likewise also conceivable for the two legs to be aligned non-parallel in sections in order to adapt to a specific shape of a conductor, for example. The embodiment of a slider with parallel legs is particularly well suited for a simple and uncomplicated fastening of the conductor to the spars of the conductors.It is further conceivable that the second leg is shorter than the first leg. It is conceivable that the first, longer leg is fork-shaped and has at least two fork elements, namely a first fork element and a second fork element. This fork shape of the first leg serves to enable a muntin of the ladder to be accommodated between the two fork elements when the slider is fastened. This can prevent the slider from displacing along a longitudinal axis of the conductors. While the U-shaped configuration of the fastening means prevents a displacement of the slider transversely to the longitudinal axis, the slider can be fixed in a second dimension via the fork shape. The relative position of the conductor to the conductor is thus fixed at least temporarily. This is of greatest importance in particular for ice rescue, in which reliability and stability are important.A particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment of the invention can provide that an upper region, preferably two upper regions, of the first limb is angled in the direction of the second limb. The angle α with respect to an extension of the non-angled leg is 10° to 60°, in particular 25° to 45°, or 38°. The angle and length of the angled portion are straight such that the slider can be engaged with the corresponding portion of the conductors. In this case, it may be necessary for the slider to be moved about the longitudinal axis of the conductors by a slight rotational movement in order to establish the connection between the slider and the conductors.It is preferably conceivable for at least one fixing means to be arranged on the first and / or the second limb, with an actuating means and a fixing element, wherein the fixing element is directed into the space between the limbs and can be moved into this space and out of this space and fixed via the actuating means. By means of this fixing means, the slider can be brought into a fixed connection with the conductor by an operator. By releasing the fixing means, the slider can be removed from the conductor again. It is conceivable that the fixing element is a screw, a spring-biased pin, a latching means or a clamping means or at least one, preferably releasable, band consisting of a hook and loop or an elastic material. This fixing element can be arranged centrally in a lower region of the first limb. As a result, in the state connected to the ladder, it is arranged under a muntin and thus cannot be activated unintentionally. In addition, it is thus protected against failures or other mechanical influences acting on the conductors lying on the ground. At the same time, however, it is still readily accessible by the operator.A metal, such as aluminum or steel, is suitable as a particularly advantageous material for the fastening element. This material can be handled particularly well and at the same time is particularly stable with respect to mechanical forces.According to the invention, the accompanying element is produced from a material with a particularly low sliding friction, such as metal or plastic. For a particularly low sliding friction between the conductor and the substrate, particularly preferably teflon can be used as the sliding element. Since the coefficient of sliding friction of Teflon is particularly small, a particularly realistic situation for the exercise for ice rescue can be generated.It is further conceivable for the sliding element to be screwed detachably to the fastening element, wherein the screws are countersunk in a surface of the sliding element. The counterbore of the screw heads in the sliding element is dimensioned such that even in the event of severe abrasion of the sliding element, the screw heads do not rest on the underlying surface.According to a specific exemplary embodiment of the invention, the size of the sliding element can correspond to or is identical to the size of the base part of the fastening element. By means of this dimensioning, the force can be transmitted particularly efficiently to the underlying surface.A further exemplary embodiment can provide that the sliding element is designed in the manner of a plate or as a metal sheet, wherein the area is larger than the base area of the base part. By selecting this special sliding element, it would also be conceivable to distribute the pressure that the ladder exerts on the underlying surface and thus also extend the above-described application to, for example, snow, bulk material, sand floor or steam suspensions.It is also conceivable for the sliding element to be designed as a narrow or wide slider or as a skid, as a ski or as a float. This makes it possible to also use the ladder in inaccessible environments, such as on sand or in snow, in particular deep snow. A particular exemplary embodiment may provide that the float is formed from a solid or a hollow body or is inflatable, in particular automatically inflatable. Thus, it is conceivable, for example, that in addition to plate-like or skid-like sliders, for example for ice rescue, additionally sliders with sliding elements which are designed as automatically inflatable buoyancy bodies are used. As soon as these sliding elements come into contact with water, they are abruptly filled with air, so that they produce a sufficiently high buoyancy for the ladder and at least one person.A specific exemplary embodiment of the invention provides that the first leg has a length of 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably 54 mm. The second leg, on the other hand, can have a length of 10 mm to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm. The width of the first and / or of the second limb is 50 mm to 150 mm, in particular 100 mm. The distance between the first leg and the second leg can be 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 37 mm. A distance between the first fork element and the second fork element is 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 32 mm or the distance is slightly greater than the width of a muntin bar of the ladder. Furthermore, the upper region, preferably the two upper regions of the first limb, can have a length of 5 mm to 20 mm, in particular 15 mm.According to a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the sliding element can have a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm, in particular 20 mm. The base part of the fastening element has threaded bores for receiving screws for fastening the sliding element. For the fastening of the sliding element to the fastening element, screws can be guided through the sliding element and screwed into the fastening element. As a result, the sliding element is connected to the fastening element to a sufficient extent.A particular exemplary embodiment of the invention can provide that four, six, eight or more sliders are releasably fastened in an equally distributed manner to two oppositely disposed spars of the ladder in order to reduce the sliding friction of the sliders on a subgrade and likewise to protect a particularly sensitive subgrade, such as a bedded hall floor or the floor covering of a floor space, from mechanical damage.A conductor for achieving the above object has the features of claim 15. Accordingly, it is provided that a ladder having two spars and at least two spars which are arranged between the two spars preferably has four sliders according to at least one of Claims 1 to 14.A particularly advantageous embodiment may provide that the sliders of the conductors are equipped with the same type of sliding elements, or with different sliding elements. It is conceivable that different sliding elements are assigned to a front end and a rear end of the conductors. Depending on the application or procurement of the underlying surface, it may be advantageous to use adapted sliding elements.The ladder constructed in this way can serve for the exercise of ice rescue on fixed surfaces for the transport of persons or devices or recovery goods on sandy subgrades, e.g. beach, dunes, construction sites, sand pits, for the transport of persons or devices or recovery goods on unfixed subgrades, e.g. tunnels, mountain hangs, construction sites or for the transport of persons or devices or recovery goods on sandy subgrades, e.g. landfills, agriculture, silos or for the transport of persons or devices or recovery goods on water surfaces, e.g. after flooding, flood water, in the moor or else in a combined embodiment of a plurality of purposes.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In these show: FIG. 1 is a diagram of a ladder with sliders, FIG. 2 shows a further illustration of the conductors with sliders according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a slider, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a slider, FIG. 5 is a side view of a slider; and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the slider according to FIG. 5.As already explained above, a method for rescue people who have fallen into frozen water is that the rescue person approaches the point of refraction in a manner moving on two ladders. In order to be able to practice this method for ice rescue independently of the season, the invention provides for creating conditions which come close to the situation on the ice. For this purpose, as shown schematically in FIG. 1, it is provided that a slider 10 according to the invention or four sliders 10 are arranged on a conductor 11. These sliders 10 each have a slide member 12 having a slide surface 13. This sliding surface 13 has a particularly favorable sliding resistance, so that the ladder 11 shown from below in FIG. 1 can be pulled over a ground with the four sliding surfaces 13 of the four sliders 10 and in the process act similar frictional forces as on the ice.For this purpose, the sliders 10 can be detachably connected to the conductor 11 in a manner illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. According to the invention, it is provided that the sliders 10 are positioned on the two oppositely disposed spars 14 and on a respective muntin bar 15. By positioning the sliders 10 on the spars 14 or on the bars 15, the sliders 10 can be connected to the ladder 11 in a reliable and flexible manner. For releasing or fastening the sliders 10, they have fixing means 16 schematically shown in FIG. 1.The slider 10 is U-shaped according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 and consists essentially of a fastening element 20 and the sliding element 12. In the sectional illustration according to FIG. 6, the first leg 17 is longer than the second leg 18. The dimensions of the first leg 17, the second leg 18 and the base part 19 are designed in a straight manner such that the fastening element 20 can be joined around a spar 14.For a particularly advantageous fixing of the fastening element 20 to the spar 14, it is provided according to the invention that the first leg 17 is fork-shaped. This fork-shaped first leg 17 has a first fork element 21 and a second fork element 22, which are spaced apart from one another in such a way that exactly one muntin 15 of the ladder 11 can be positioned between them. As a result, the slider 10 is fixed on the one hand by the U-shaped configuration of the fastening element 20 and on the other hand by the fork shape of the first leg 17 to the ladder 11 or the spar 14 and the muntin 15. The angled upper region 23 of the first leg 17 also contributes to the fact that the slider 10 cannot unintentionally slide off the spar 14.For a secure connection of the sliders 10 to the ladder 11, the fastening element 20 has laterally on the first leg 17 the fixing means 16, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here is designed as a latching means. This latching means has a button-like actuating means 24 and a spring-biased pin-like fixing element 25. By actuating the actuating means 24, the fixing element 25 can be pulled out of the space between the two limbs 17, 18, so that the fastening element 20 can be pushed over the spar 14. By releasing the fixing element 25, it moves again into the space between the legs 17, 18 and presses against the spar 14 in such a way that the entire fastening element 20 is fixed. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, it is alternatively also conceivable for a screw or another usable connecting means to be used in order to fix the slider 10 to the conductor 11.In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the base part 19 of the fastening element 20 has two threaded bores 26. These threaded bores 26 serve to receive two screws 27 which connect the sliding element 12 to the fastening element 20. It should be emphasized here that the screws 27 are countersunk relative to the sliding surface 13, so that even in the case of a slight abrasion of the sliding surface 13, the screws 27 do not influence or destroy the sliding resistance. Once the sliding elements 12 have worn out, they can be replaced in a very simple and quick manner by loosening the screws 27. A material with a particularly low coefficient of sliding, such as metal, plastic, preferably Teflon® is suitable as the material for the sliding elements 12.The first leg 17 can have a length of 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably 54 mm. The second leg 18 can have a length of 10 mm to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm. The width of the first leg 17 and / or of the second leg 18 is 50 mm to 150 mm, in particular 100 mm. The distance between the first leg 17 and the second leg 18 can be 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 37 mm. A distance between the first fork element 21 and the second fork element 22 is 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 32 mm. Furthermore, the upper region 23, preferably the two upper sections of the first limb 17, can have a length of 5 mm to 20 mm, in particular 15 mm. The angle α is 10° to 60°, in particular 25° to 45°, or 38°. The sliding element 12 illustrated by way of example in the figures can have a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm, in particular 20 mm. In addition, it is conceivable for the slider 10 and its constituent parts to have different dimensions than are reproduced here by way of example.List of reference numbers:10 Slider 11 Ladder 12 Sliding element 13 Sliding surface 14 Spar 15 Muntin 16 Fixing means 17 First limb 18 Second limb 19 Base part α Angle 20 Fastening element 21 First fork element 22 Second fork element 23 Upper region 24 Actuating means 25 Fixing element 26 Threaded bore 27 Screw

Claims

Slider (10) for a ladder (11), having a fastening element (20) which can be fastened detachably to a spar (14) of the ladder (11), and having a sliding element (12) having a sliding surface (13).Slider (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sliding element (12) is an integral constituent part of the fastening element (20), or in that the sliding element (12) can be fastened detachably to the fastening element (20), and / or in that the sliding element (12) has a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm, in particular of 20 mm.Slider (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fastening means (20) is U-shaped, wherein a first leg (17) and a second leg (18) of the fastening means (20) are of the same length or of different lengths and the sliding element (12) is located or can be fastened detachably to a base part (19) of the fastening element (20) which is arranged between the two legs (17, 18).Slider (10) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the two limbs (17, 18) are formed at least substantially parallel and / or in that the second limb (18) is shorter than the first limb (17) and / or in that the first limb (17) is formed in the form of a fork and has at least two fork elements, namely a first fork element (21) and a second fork element (22) and / or in that an upper region (23), preferably two upper regions (23), of the first limb (17) is angled in the direction of the second limb (18), wherein the angle α is 10° to 60°, in particular 25° to 45°, or 38°, and / or in that at least one fixing means (16) is arranged on the first limb (17) and / or on the second limb (18), having an actuating means (24) and a fixing element (25), wherein the fixing element (25) is directed into the space between the legs (17, 18) and can be moved into and out of this space and fixed via the actuating means (24), and / or wherein the upper region (23), preferably the two upper regions (23), of the first leg (17) is a length of 5 mm to 20 mm, in particular 15 mm.Slider (10) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the fixing element (25) is a screw (27), a spring-prestressed pin, a latching means or a clamping means, and / or in that the fixing element (25) is arranged centrally in a lower region of the first limb (17).Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element (20) is produced from a metal, preferably from aluminium or steel.Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding element (12) is produced from a material with a low sliding friction, in particular a metal or a plastic, preferably from Teflon® and / or in that the sliding element (12) is detachably screwed to the fastening element (20), wherein the screws (27) are countersunk in a surface of the sliding element (12) and / or in that the size of the sliding element (12) corresponds to the size of the base part (19), preferably is identical and / or in that the sliding element (12) is designed in the manner of a plate or as a sheet metal, with an area which is greater than a base area of the base part (19).Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding element (12) is designed as a narrow or wide slider or as a skid, as a ski or as a buoyant body.The slider (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the float is formed from a solid or a hollow body or can be inflated, in particular automatically inflated.Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first leg (17) has a length of 30 mm to 60 mm, preferably 54 mm, and / or in that the second leg (18) has a length of 10 mm to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm, and / or in that the first leg (17) and / or the second leg (18) has a width of 50 mm to 150 mm, in particular 100 mm, and / or in that a distance between the first leg (17) and the second leg (18) is 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 37 mm.Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distance between the first fork element (21) and the second fork element (22) is 20 mm to 50 mm, in particular 32 mm.Slider (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base part (19) of the fastening element (20) has threaded bores (26) for receiving screws (27) for fastening the sliding element (12) to the fastening element (20).The slider (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening element (20) is designed for fastening to a spar (14) and / or a muntin bar (15) of the ladder (11), wherein the first leg (17) and the second leg (18) encompass the spar (14) and the fork-shaped first leg (17) accommodates a muntin bar (15).The slider (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that four, six, eight or more sliders (10) can be detachably fastened in an equally distributed manner to two oppositely disposed spars (14) of the ladder (10) in order to reduce the sliding friction of the ladder (11) on a subgrade.Ladder (11) having two spars (14) and at least two spars (15) which are arranged between the two spars (14), wherein the sliders (10) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 14, in particular in a detachable manner, are arranged on the spars (14), preferably four.Conductor (11) according to claim 15, characterised by sliding elements (10) with identical or different, preferably different pairs, sliding elements (12).

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