Device, system and method for mixing a stream

Abstract

A mixer (1000) for mixing a flow in a treatment system is disclosed. The mixer (1000) comprises an inlet zone (1200; 2200) with one or more first openings configured to generate a flow in an inner tube (1300), and one or more second openings configured to generate a flow between an inner tube (1300) and an outer tube (1400); the inner tube (1300); and the outer tube (1400) with an outlet zone configured to generate a local turbulent flow according to the treatment system.

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a device, a system and a method for mixing a stream, in particular for mixing an exhaust stream from, for example, an internal combustion engine. Background of the invention

[0002] Mixers are used in a variety of technical applications to create homogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures of, for example, reactants enable optimal reactions and thus, for example, reduced pollutant emissions. Mixers can be used, for example, for exhaust aftertreatment, especially in conjunction with catalysts. Catalysts typically function optimally under homogeneous conditions, such as a homogeneous concentration of reactants and / or a homogeneous temperature. Mixers in exhaust gas streams can enable a more uniform distribution of reactants in the reaction path and thus a more efficient conversion of reactants into products. Mixers can, for example, reduce the emission of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and / or nitrogen oxides (NOx). x ) will be reduced.

[0003] Another technical application involves the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). Diesel particulate filters accumulate soot particles, which must be removed regularly through controlled combustion. To ensure effective regeneration and maintain or extend the filter's service life, a uniform temperature distribution is essential. Mixers can help maintain a homogeneous exhaust gas flow temperature, thereby preventing damage to the DPF and improving its regeneration process.

[0004] Mixers can generally be used in combustion systems to ensure a homogeneous composition and thus stable and efficient combustion processes. Mixing the reactants, for example, facilitates complete combustion, which increases efficiency and simultaneously reduces emissions. The use of mixers contributes, for example, to compliance with emission regulations, optionally in conjunction with injected cleaning additives such as ammonia (NH3) and / or urea as an ammonia former in selective catalytic reduction systems. These systems serve to effectively reduce nitrogen oxides by enabling a uniform reaction between the exhaust gases and one or more additives.

[0005] Furthermore, mixers are used, for example, in laboratories where precise, stable, and / or homogeneous mixing ratios are required. Such mixing ratios are needed, for example, for calibrating instruments.

[0006] The operation of a mixer is generally based on the use of special geometries, flow channels, or turbulence-generating elements such as guide vanes. These can promote thorough mixing, thereby minimizing fluctuations in temperature and concentration within the resulting gas flow.

[0007] US 2011 / 061374A1 discloses an exhaust aftertreatment system with an exhaust channel. Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine can flow through the exhaust channel. The exhaust aftertreatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction catalyst in the exhaust channel, a mixing chamber, a fuel injector for injecting fuel, an air injector for injecting air, and a urea-water injector for injecting urea-water. The fuel injector, the air injector, and the urea-water injector each have an injection port facing the mixing chamber. However, an annular orifice is not disclosed; instead, a plate extending across the entire cross-section is shown. The exhaust channel is closed in the axial direction.

[0008] DE 10 2020 212 715 A1 discloses a heating device for heating an exhaust gas catalyst. The heating device comprises a combustion chamber; an air supply configured to introduce air into the combustion chamber; a fuel injection device configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber; an ignition device configured to ignite the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber; and a gas outlet configured to discharge hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber. An orifice is arranged in the gas outlet, comprising an outer, substantially closed region and an inner, substantially open region located within the outer region. The outer region extends along an outer circumference of the gas outlet and hinders or prevents the outflow of unburned fuel through an outer region of the gas outlet.The open inner area allows combustion gases to escape from the combustion chamber. A combination of mixing tubes for blending two separate flows, e.g., internal and external flows, is not disclosed.

[0009] US 8,916,101 B2 discloses a device for mixing an aqueous reducing agent solution for its addition to exhaust gas. The device is arranged between a filter that captures particulate substances contained in the exhaust gas and a reduction catalyst that reduces and processes nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The device comprises an exhaust pipe; an injector; a mixing tube with a plurality of openings on its outer circumferential surface; and an inner tube that is located remotely and at a distance from an inner wall of the straight section, the inner tube allowing the exhaust gas to flow through its inner surface and its outer periphery. However, a combination of mixing tubes for mixing two separate flows, e.g., inner and outer flows, is not disclosed.

[0010] EP 2 607 641 A1 discloses a mixing device with an inner tube. The inner tube has openings through which an exhaust gas flow enters the interior of the inner tube. An injection unit injects a reducing agent into the interior of the inner tube. A guide device arranged on the outer circumference of the inner tube projects into the space in such a way that a circumferential flow passes radially inwards through the openings. However, a combination of mixing tubes for mixing two separate flows, e.g., an internal and an external flow, is not disclosed.

[0011] Furthermore, DE 11 2015 001 958 T5 discloses an exhaust aftertreatment system for a vehicle and an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a perforated mixing tube with a swirl body. The mixing tube is arranged in an exhaust pipe and comprises a tubular section and a plurality of vanes extending from a longitudinal end of the tubular section. The tubular section includes a plurality of openings extending through an inner and an outer diametrical surface of the tubular section. The tubular section and the plurality of vanes define a single, integrally formed body.

[0012] Existing mixers often cannot completely prevent local concentration fluctuations of, for example, ammonia (NH3) or urea in selective catalytic reduction systems. This can occur, for instance, due to the geometry of the surrounding system and / or during a cold start, or generally in low-load and / or low-temperature environments where injected reactants can form droplets and impede mixing. Therefore, it may be desirable to further improve the mixing of a flow. In particular, it may be desirable to improve mixing in conventional mixers over short paths, for example, to enable shorter flow channels and / or to allow mixing independent of the surrounding system. It may also be desirable to improve manufacturing processes to provide a mixer with improved mixing without increasing the mixer's cost. Object of the invention

[0013] The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages described above, and in particular to provide devices, systems and methods for mixing a stream which enable improved mixing of the stream while keeping the cost of the mixer low. Summary of the invention

[0014] The above-mentioned task and other problems are solved by devices, systems and methods with the features of the independent patent claims.

[0015] Preferred embodiments are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

[0016] According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a mixer for mixing a current in a treatment system, comprising: An inlet zone comprising: one or more first openings configured to generate flow within an inner tube; and one or more second openings configured to generate flow between an inner tube and an outer tube; the inner tube; and the outer tube with an outlet zone configured to generate local turbulent flow according to the treatment system. This can, for example, achieve improved mixing.

[0017] According to further training, the outlet zone includes a first aperture; and / or the outlet zone includes a second aperture. This allows for the formation of additional vortices, which further increase mixing.

[0018] According to a further development, the outlet zone comprises one or more first mixing vanes; and / or the outlet zone comprises one or more second mixing vanes. Mixing vanes can break up strands in the flow path with significantly differing concentrations of reactants and cause mixing with strands of other concentrations. Thus, the mixing vanes lead to a homogenization of the concentration distribution in the flow path.

[0019] According to a further development, the one or more first mixing vanes are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction directly on the outer tube or on the first orifice; and / or the one or more second mixing vanes are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction directly on the outer tube or on the second orifice.

[0020] According to further training, one or more of the first mixing blades are arranged asymmetrically; and / or one or more of the second mixing blades are arranged asymmetrically. The asymmetrical arrangement can refer to a symmetry element of a symmetry group of the mixer or a component thereof, such as the inner or outer tube. Symmetry element and symmetry group are to be understood in the classical, mathematical sense. Symmetrical arrangements of the first mixing blades and / or the second mixing blades are also possible, for example, depending on the geometry of the treatment system.

[0021] According to a further development, the first orifice is formed as a separate component or integrally formed from the outer tube; and / or the second orifice is formed as a separate component or integrally formed from the outer tube; and / or the first orifice and / or the second orifice is formed as a separate counterpart to the outer tube, which can be positively fitted to the outer tube.

[0022] According to further training, one or more second mixing vanes are formed in one piece from the outer tube.

[0023] According to further training, the number of first mixing wings is less than the number of second mixing wings. The number of first mixing wings can also be equal to or greater than the number of second mixing wings.

[0024] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a system comprising: a device that generates a current; a control for reducing pollutant emissions by injecting a reactant into the current by means of an injection device in a treatment system; and the treatment system with a mixer as described above.

[0025] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for reducing pollutant emissions by means of a current from a device that generates the current, comprising: arranging a mixer according to the present invention in a treatment system; adapting the outlet zone of the mixer to the treatment system. Brief description of the drawings

[0026] The invention, as well as further details and advantages thereof, are explained below with reference to preferred embodiments and the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1 a side view of a mixer in a treatment system with an injection device, three different outlet zones and two other components of the treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 2A a side view of an outlet zone with apertures according to an exemplary embodiment with apertures; Fig. 2B a side view of an area of ​​the in Fig. 2A shown outlet zone with apertures according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 3 a perspective side view of a mixer in a treatment system with an injection device and two other components of the treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 4A a side view of an outlet zone with apertures according to an exemplary embodiment with apertures; Fig. 4B a side view of an area of ​​the Fig. 4A shown outlet zone with apertures according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 5A a perspective side view of an area of ​​an outlet zone with a first aperture according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 5B a perspective side view of an area of ​​an outlet zone with first mixing vanes according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 6A a perspective side view of an area of ​​an outlet zone with a second aperture according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 6B a perspective side view of an area of ​​an outlet zone with second mixing vanes according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 7 a system comprising a device that generates an electric current, a control system for reducing pollutant emissions from the current, and a treatment system comprising a device for mixing the current with reactants; and Fig. 8 a method for reducing pollutant emissions by means of an electric current from a device that generates the electric current.

[0027] In all figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements and devices are designated with the same reference numerals. The numbering of process steps serves for clarity and generally does not imply a specific chronological order. In particular, several process steps can be performed simultaneously. Detailed description of the invention

[0028] In this description, the terms top, bottom, right, and left, as well as similar terms, refer to the orientations or arrangements shown in the figures and serve only to describe the exemplary embodiments. These terms may indicate preferred arrangements but are not to be understood in a restrictive sense.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms “essentially”, “approximately”, “about”, and similar expressions mean that deviations of + / -10%, preferably + / -5%, from the stated value are permissible.

[0030] Unless explicitly excluded, the value ranges mentioned herein are always understood to include lower bounds marked with "≥" (greater than or equal to) and upper bounds marked with "≤" (less than or equal to) within the specified value range. Thus, the bounds themselves are either included in the respective range or may alternatively be (unilaterally) excluded.

[0031] Fig. Figure 1 shows a side view of a mixer 1000 in a treatment system with an injection device, three different outlet zones 1420A, 1420B and 1420C, and two further components of the treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment. The mixer 1000 can also be embedded in another system that is suitable for carrying a current through the mixer 1000.

[0032] The mixer 1000 comprises an inlet zone 1200, an inner tube 1300, and an outer tube 1400 with an outlet zone. The mixer 1000 can have an optional coupling zone 1100 for connecting to an injection device. Alternatively or additionally, the outer tube 1400 can be configured for connection to the treatment system. The inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400 can be coupled to each other, for example, by brackets between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400.

[0033] The injection device can be a device for injecting reactants such as oxygen, air, fuel, urea, ammonia, etc. The injection device can have one or more valves for injecting one reactant at a time. The injected substances can form droplets during injection. Depending on the droplet size and the temperature of the treatment system, the injected substances can evaporate more or less quickly. The substances can also be injected in gaseous form.

[0034] The inlet zone 1200 can have one or more primary openings. These primary openings can be configured to generate one or more flows within the inner tube 1300, such as swirling, circular, and / or turbulent flows. Alternatively or additionally, the inlet zone 1200 can have one or more secondary openings. These secondary openings can be configured to generate a flow between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400, such as swirling, circular, and / or laminar flows. The secondary openings can be formed by the concentric arrangement of the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400.

[0035] The inner tube 1300 can have the shape of a cylinder, a cone, or any other shape suitable for generating flow within the inner tube 1300. A cross-section of the inner tube 1300 in a plane (e.g., yz-plane in Fig. 1) perpendicular to the direction (e.g. x-direction in) Fig. 1) The flow path during operation can take the form of a circle, an ellipse, an irregular or regular polygon with, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more vertices, or an irregular or regular loop with or without vertices. The cross-section of the inner tube 1300 can vary vertically along a flow path relative to the direction of the flow. The inner tube 1300 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of the flow.

[0036] The inner tube 1300 can be straight, simply or multiply curved in a main flow direction, e.g. to utilize available installation space and / or with regard to the mixing behavior of the mixer 1000.

[0037] The diameter of a cross-section can be in the range between 30 and 300 millimeters (mm), preferably in the range between 50 and 150 mm, e.g. 60 mm.

[0038] The inlet zone 1200 can be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces with the inner tube 1300. The one or more initial openings can, for example, be formed on a single piece of tube. The one or more initial openings can have at least one angled wing relative to a surface of the tube or a hole. The initial openings can be punched or drilled. The optional coupling zone 1100 can also be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces with the inner tube 1300. In particular, the coupling zone 1100, the inlet zone 1200, and the inner tube 1300 can be formed in one piece.

[0039] The outer tube 1400 can have the shape of a cylinder, a cone, or any other shape suitable for generating a flow between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400. The flow between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400, also known as shell flow, can have a heating effect, transferring heat to the inner tube 1300.

[0040] A cross-section of the outer tube 1400 in one plane (e.g., yz-plane in Fig. 1) perpendicular to the direction (e.g. x-direction in) Fig. 1) The flow path during operation can take the form of a circle, an ellipse, an irregular or regular polygon with, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more vertices, or an irregular or regular loop with or without vertices. The cross-section of the outer tube 1400 can vary vertically along a flow path relative to the direction of the flow. The outer tube 1400 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of the flow.

[0041] The inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400 can have the same shape in a region along the flow path perpendicular to the direction of flow, wherein the distance between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400 is identical for each cross-section in this region. The distance can also differ for different cross-sections in this region. The distance can be in the range of 1 to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 5 to 15 mm, and more preferably in the range of 7 to 12 mm. The shapes of the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400 can also differ in this region along the flow path. The inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of flow.

[0042] The ratio of the cross-sectional area between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400, relative to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube 1300, can be between 5:95 and 60:30, preferably between 10:90 and 30:70. The ratio can be adjustable; that is, the mixer 1000 can be configured to adjust the ratio.

[0043] The outer pipe 1400 has an outlet zone 1420, which is described below with reference to Fig. 2A and Fig. Section 2B describes it in detail. The exhaust zone 1420 can be configured differently, as shown by three different, exemplary exhaust zones 1420A, 1420B, and 1420C. The exemplary exhaust zones 1420A, 1420B, and 1420C can be combined with each other.

[0044] Fig. Figure 2A shows a side view of an outlet zone 2420 with orifices according to an exemplary embodiment. The outlet zone 2420 is part of a mixer 2000, shown only partially, with an inner tube 2300 and an outer tube 2400. The mixer 2000 is connected to the mixer 1000 of Fig. 1 compatible. Fig. 2B shows an enlarged area of ​​the Fig. Outlet zone 2420 shown in 2A.

[0045] The outer tube 2400 comprises an outer tube wall 2410 and an outlet zone 2420. The inner tube 2300 comprises an inner tube wall 2310. The inner tube 2300 guides substances such as droplets and / or gases between the inner tube wall 2310 and the outer tube wall 2410 into the outlet zone 2420. The interior of the inner tube 2300 guides substances such as droplets and / or gases toward the outlet zone. In the direction of flow, the inner tube 2300 is shorter than the outer tube 2400. In the opposite direction, the inner tube 2300 can be longer than the outer tube 2400. The outlet zone 2420 is configured to generate a locally enhanced turbulent flow in order to effect additional mixing, at least locally.

[0046] The distance between one end of the inner tube 2300 in the outlet zone 2420 and one end of the outer tube 2400 in the outlet zone 2420, e.g. at the first orifice 2421, can be in a range between 2 and 50 mm, preferably in the range between 5 and 35 mm, even more preferably in the range between 7 and 20 mm. The outlet zone 2420 can correspond to this range.

[0047] In the side view, the outlet zone 2420 can include a first aperture 2421. The first aperture 2421 can essentially be a projection extending along a circumferential direction in a plane (e.g., the yz-plane in Fig. 1) extends into the interior of the outer tube 2400. The first orifice 2421 can form an angle between 15° and 165° with respect to the outer tube wall 2410, preferably between 35° and 155°, and more preferably between 55° and 135°. The first orifice 2421 can be a separate component. This separate component can be welded, soldered, or riveted to the outer tube wall 2410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as bonding. The first orifice 2421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 2400, for example, by pressing and / or rolling a groove or by upsetting the outer tube 2400.

[0048] The first aperture 2421 can have a height between 1 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and more preferably between 7 and 12 mm, relative to the outer tube wall 2410. The height can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the inner tube 1300 and the outer tube 1400.

[0049] Alternatively or additionally, the outlet zone 2420 can include a second orifice 2426. The second orifice 2426 can essentially be a projection extending from the end of the outer tube 2400 along a circumferential direction in a plane into the interior of the outer tube 2400 to engage the flow during operation. The second orifice 2426 can form an angle with the outer tube wall 2410 in the range of 15° to 165°, preferably in the range of 35° to 155°, and more preferably in the range of 55° to 135°. The second orifice 2426 can be a separate component. This separate component can be welded, brazed, or riveted to the end of the outer tube wall 2410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as adhesive bonding. The second aperture 2421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 2400, e.g. by pressing and / or rolling the end of the outer tube wall 2410.

[0050] The second aperture 2426 can have a height between 1 and 20 mm relative to the outer tube wall 2410, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and even more preferably between 7 and 12 mm. The height can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the inner tube 2300 and the outer tube 2400.

[0051] The height of the first aperture 2421 and the height of the second aperture 2426 can be the same or different. In particular, the height of the second aperture 2426 can be greater than the height of the first aperture 2421.

[0052] The first aperture 2421 and / or the second aperture 2426 can be configured to generate a secondary mixing effect, in addition to the primary mixing effect due to the flow inside the inner tube 2300.

[0053] Fig. Figure 3 shows a side view of a mixer 3000 in a treatment system with an injection device and two other components of the treatment system according to an exemplary embodiment. The mixer 3000 can also be embedded in another system that is suitable for conducting a current through the mixer 3000.

[0054] The mixer 3000 comprises an inlet zone 3200, an inner tube 3300, and an outer tube 3400 with an outlet zone. The mixer 3000 can have an optional coupling zone 3100 for connecting to an injection device. Alternatively or additionally, the outer tube 3400 can be configured for connecting to the treatment system. The inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400 can be coupled to each other, for example, by brackets between the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400.

[0055] The injection device can be a device for injecting reactants such as oxygen, air, fuel, urea, ammonia, etc. The injection device can have one or more valves for injecting one reactant at a time.

[0056] The inlet zone 3200 can have one or more primary openings. These primary openings can be configured to generate one or more flows within the inner tube 3300, such as swirling, circular, and / or turbulent flows. Alternatively or additionally, the inlet zone 3200 can have one or more secondary openings. These secondary openings can be configured to generate a flow between the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400, such as swirling, circular, and / or laminar flows. The secondary openings can be formed by the concentric arrangement of the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400.

[0057] The inner tube 3300 can have the shape of a cylinder, a cone, or any other shape suitable for generating flow within the inner tube 3300. A cross-section of the inner tube 3300 in a plane (e.g., yz-plane in Fig. 3) perpendicular to the direction (e.g. x-direction in) Fig. 3) The flow path during operation can take the form of a circle, an ellipse, an irregular or regular polygon with, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more vertices, or an irregular or regular loop with or without vertices. The cross-section of the inner tube 3300 can vary vertically along a flow path relative to the direction of the flow. The inner tube 3300 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of the flow.

[0058] The diameter of a cross-section can be in the range between 30 and 400 millimeters (mm), preferably in the range between 50 and 150 mm, e.g. 60 mm.

[0059] The inlet zone 3200 can be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces with the inner tube 3300. The one or more initial openings can, for example, be formed on a single piece of tube. The one or more initial openings can have at least one wing or hole angled with respect to a surface of the tube. The initial openings can be punched or drilled. The optional coupling zone 3100 can also be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces with the inner tube 3300. In particular, the coupling zone 3100, the inlet zone 3200, and the inner tube 3300 can be formed in one piece.

[0060] The outer tube 3400 can have the shape of a cylinder, a cone, or any other shape suitable for generating a flow between the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400. The flow between the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400, also known as shell flow, can have a heating effect, transferring heat to the inner tube 3300.

[0061] A cross-section of the outer tube 3400 in one plane (e.g., yz-plane in Fig. 3) perpendicular to the direction (e.g. x-direction in) Fig. 3) The flow path during operation can take the form of a circle, an ellipse, an irregular or regular polygon with, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more vertices, or an irregular or regular loop with or without vertices. The cross-section of the outer tube 3400 can vary vertically along a flow path relative to the direction of the flow. The outer tube 3400 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of the flow.

[0062] The inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400 can have the same shape in a region along the flow path perpendicular to the direction of flow, wherein the distance between the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400 is identical for each cross-section in this region. The distance can also differ for different cross-sections in this region. The distance can be in the range of 1 to 20 mm, preferably in the range of 5 to 15 mm, and more preferably in the range of 7 to 12 mm. The shapes of the inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400 can also differ in this region along the flow path. The inner tube 3300 and the outer tube 3400 can be simply or multiply curved in the direction of flow.

[0063] The ratio of the cross-sectional area between the inner tube 2300 and the outer tube 2400, relative to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner tube 2400, can be between 5:95 and 60:30, preferably between 10:90 and 30:70. The ratio can be adjustable; that is, the mixer 2000 can be configured to adjust the ratio.

[0064] The outer pipe 3400 has an outlet zone, which is described below with reference to Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B is described in detail.

[0065] Fig. Figure 4A shows a side view of an outlet zone 4420 with baffles according to an exemplary embodiment. The outlet zone 4420 is part of a mixer 4000, shown only partially, with an inner tube 4300 and an outer tube 4400. The mixer 4000 is connected to the mixer 3000 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B as well as Fig. 3 compatible. Fig. 4B shows an enlarged area of ​​the Fig. Outlet zone 4420 shown in 4A.

[0066] The outer tube 4400 comprises an outer tube wall 4410 and an outlet zone 4420. The inner tube 4300 comprises an inner tube wall 4310. The inner tube 4300 guides substances such as droplets and / or gases between the inner tube wall 4310 and the outer tube wall 4410 into the outlet zone 4420. The interior of the inner tube 4300 guides substances such as droplets and / or gases toward the outlet zone. In the direction of flow, the inner tube 4300 is shorter than the outer tube 4400. In the opposite direction, the inner tube 4300 can be longer than the outer tube 4400. The outlet zone 4420 is configured to generate a locally enhanced turbulent flow in order to effect additional mixing, at least locally.

[0067] The distance between one end of the inner tube 4300 in the outlet zone 4420 and one end of the outer tube 4400 in the outlet zone 4420, e.g. at the first orifice 4421, can be in the range of 2 to 50 mm, preferably in the range of 5 to 35 mm, and even more preferably in the range of 7 to 20 mm. The outlet zone 4420 can correspond to this range.

[0068] In the side view, the outlet zone 4420 can include a first aperture 4421. The first aperture 4421 can essentially be a projection extending along a circumferential direction in a plane (e.g., the yz-plane in ). Fig. 3) extends into the interior of the outer tube 4400. The first orifice 4421 can form an angle between 15° and 165° with respect to the outer tube wall 4410, preferably between 35° and 155°, and more preferably between 55° and 135°. The first orifice 4421 can be a separate component. This separate component can be welded, soldered, and / or riveted to the outer tube wall 4410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as bonding. The first orifice 4421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 4400, for example, by pressing and / or rolling a groove or by upsetting the outer tube 4400.

[0069] The first aperture 4421 can have a height between 1 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and more preferably between 7 and 12 mm, relative to the outer tube wall 4410. The height can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the inner tube 4300 and the outer tube 4400.

[0070] Alternatively or additionally, the outlet zone 4420 in the side view can include a second orifice 4426. The second orifice 4426 can essentially be a projection extending from the end of the outer tube 4400 along a circumferential direction in a plane into the interior of the outer tube 4400 to engage the flow during operation. The second orifice 4426 can form an angle with the outer tube wall 4410 in the range of 15° to 165°, preferably in the range of 35° to 155°, and more preferably in the range of 55° to 135°. The second orifice 4426 can be a separate component. The separate component can be welded, brazed, or riveted to the end of the outer tube wall 4410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as adhesive bonding. The second aperture 4421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 4400, e.g. by pressing and / or rolling the end of the outer tube wall 4410.

[0071] The second aperture 4426 can have a height between 1 and 20 mm, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and more preferably between 7 and 12 mm, relative to the outer tube wall 4410. The height can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the inner tube 4300 and the outer tube 4400.

[0072] The height of the first aperture 4421 and the height of the second aperture 4426 can be the same or different. In particular, the height of the second aperture 4426 can be greater than the height of the first aperture 4421.

[0073] The first orifice 4421 and / or the second orifice 4426 can be configured to generate a secondary mixing effect, in addition to the primary mixing effect due to the flow inside the inner tube 4300.

[0074] Fig. Figure 5A shows a perspective side view of a region of an outlet zone with a first aperture 5421 according to an exemplary embodiment. The first aperture 5421 is formed on an outer tube wall 5410, in a region between an end of the inner tube wall 5310 and an end of the outer tube wall 5410.

[0075] The first aperture 5421 can essentially be a projection that extends along a circumferential direction in a plane (e.g., the yz plane in Fig. 1 or Fig. 3) extends into the interior of the outer tube 5400. The first aperture 5421 can form an angle with respect to the outer tube wall 5410 in the range between 15° and 165°, preferably in the range between 35° and 155°, more preferably in the range between 55° and 135°. The angle can be exactly 90°.

[0076] The first baffle 5421 can be a separate component. This separate component can be welded, soldered, and / or riveted to the outer tube wall 5410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as gluing. The first baffle 5421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 5400, for example, by pressing and / or rolling a groove or by upsetting the outer tube 5400.

[0077] The first orifice 5421 can be the only orifice in the outlet zone. The first orifice 5421 can be positively fitted directly to the end of the outer tube wall 5410.

[0078] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5B, the outlet zone can further comprise one or more first mixing vanes 5422, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more first mixing vanes 5422.

[0079] A first group of mixing vanes 5422 can be arranged in a first sector on the first orifice 5421, while in an adjacent sector on the first orifice 5421 there may be no mixing vanes 5422 or a second group of mixing vanes 5422. The mixing vanes 5422 can be arranged specifically with respect to components of the treatment system located downstream in the flow path to reduce local concentration fluctuations. The position of the mixing vanes 5422 can be aligned with or adjustable to the components of the treatment system. The spacing between directly adjacent mixing vanes 5422 on the first orifice 5421 can vary. The mixing vanes 5422 can be configured to be inclined relative to the first orifice 5421, for example, depending on the components of the treatment system.

[0080] The first mixing vanes 5422 can be formed integrally with the first aperture 5421. The number of first mixing vanes 5422 can be exactly the same as any of the numbers of first mixing vanes 5422 mentioned above.

[0081] Fig. Figure 6A shows a perspective side view of an area of ​​an outlet zone with a second aperture 6426 according to an exemplary embodiment. The second aperture 6426 is formed at one end of the outer tube wall 6410.

[0082] The second orifice 6426 can essentially be a projection extending from the end of the outer tube along a circumferential direction in a plane into the interior of the outer tube to engage the flow during operation. The second orifice 6426 can form an angle with the outer tube wall 6410 in the range of 15° to 165°, preferably in the range of 35° to 155°, and more preferably in the range of 55° to 135°. The second orifice 6421 can be a separate component. This separate component can be welded, brazed, or riveted to the end of the outer tube wall 6410. Other fastening methods are also possible, such as adhesive bonding. The second aperture 6421 can also be formed in one piece from the outer tube 6400, e.g. by pressing and / or rolling the end of the outer tube wall 6410 and / or by drawing it in, i.e., by reducing a diameter by means of a forming tool coming from the outside, which locally reduces the diameter.

[0083] The second aperture 6426 can have a height between 1 and 20 mm relative to the outer tube wall 6410, preferably between 5 and 15 mm, and even more preferably between 7 and 12 mm. The height can be less than, equal to, or greater than the distance between the inner tube and the outer tube.

[0084] The second orifice 6426 can be the only orifice in the outlet zone. The second orifice 6426 can be positively fitted directly to the end of the outer tube wall 6410.

[0085] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 6B, the outlet zone can further comprise one or more second mixing vanes 6427, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or more second mixing vanes 6427.

[0086] A first group of second mixing vanes 6427 can be arranged in a first sector on the second orifice 6426, while in an adjacent sector on the second orifice 6426 there may be no second mixing vanes 6427 or a second group of second mixing vanes 6427. The second mixing vanes 6427 can be arranged specifically with respect to components of the treatment system located downstream in the flow path to reduce local concentration fluctuations. The position of the second mixing vanes 6427 can be aligned with or adjustable to the components of the treatment system. The spacing between directly adjacent second mixing vanes 6427 on the second orifice 6426 can vary. The second mixing vanes 6427 can be configured to be inclined relative to the second orifice 6427, for example, depending on the components of the treatment system.

[0087] The second mixing vanes 6427 can be formed integrally with the second aperture 6426. The number of second mixing vanes 6427 can be exactly the same as any of the numbers of second mixing vanes 6427 mentioned above.

[0088] The first mixing blades 5422 and the second mixing blades 6427 can be offset from each other circumferentially to enhance a secondary mixing effect. The second mixing blades 6427 can be larger than the first mixing blades 5422. The number of first mixing blades 5422 can be less than the number of second mixing blades 6427. The second mixing blades can be larger or smaller than the first mixing blades, both radially and tangentially (circumferentially). The radial height of the mixing blades, or a length towards the center of the inner tube, can extend to the center of the inner tube.

[0089] The first mixing vanes 5422 and / or second mixing vanes 6427 can also be arranged on the outer tube without the first orifice 5421 and / or without the second orifice 6426 to generate local turbulent flow according to the treatment system. In other words, the first mixing vanes 5422 and / or second mixing vanes 6427 can be arranged to reduce local concentration fluctuations in the treatment system, for example, due to its geometry. The arrangement of the mixing vanes can therefore be specific to the treatment system in which the mixer is integrated.

[0090] Fig. Figure 7 shows a system 7000 with a device 7100 that generates a current, a control 7200 for reducing pollutant emissions through the current, and a treatment system 7300 with a device for mixing the current with reactants as described above. Fig. 1 to Fig. 6B described.

[0091] Fig. Figure 8 shows a method for reducing pollutant emissions by means of a current from a device that generates the current. A current can also be referred to as a flow. The method comprises arranging a device for mixing the current with reactants as described above with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6B described in a treatment system as well as an adaptation 8200 of the outlet zone of the device for mixing the current with reactants to the treatment system.

[0092] The methods, devices, and systems of this disclosure can be used, for example, in light, medium, or heavy machinery, preferably in medium or heavy machinery such as trucks, tractors, harvesters, and construction equipment. Applications in boats, ships, or railways are also possible.

[0093] The invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, whereby the individual features of the described embodiments can be freely combined and / or exchanged, provided they are compatible. Likewise, individual features of the described embodiments can be omitted if they are not essential. Numerous modifications and embodiments are possible and obvious to a person skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. Reference symbol list:

[0094] 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 mixers 1100, 3100 coupling zone 1200, 3200 Entrance area 1300, 2300, 3300, 4300 inner tube 1400, 2400, 3400, 4400, 5400, 6400 outer tube 1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C, 2420, 4420 Outlet zones 2410, 4410, 5410, 6410 Outer pipe wall 2310, 4310, 5310 inner tube wall 2421, 4421, 5421 first aperture 2426, 4426, 6426 second aperture 5422, 6427 Mixing wing 7000 System; 7100 Device; 7200 Control; 7300 Treatment System 8100 Step of arranging; 8200 Step of adjusting

Claims

[1] Mixers (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) for mixing a stream in a treatment system (7300), comprising: an entrance zone (1200; 3200) with: one or more first openings configured to generate a flow in an inner tube (1300; 2300; 3300; 4300); and one or more secondary openings configured to generate a flow between an inner tube (1300; 2300; 3300; 4300) and an outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400); the inner tube (1300; 2300; 3300; 4300); and the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400) with an outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) configured to generate a local turbulent flow according to the treatment system (7300). [2] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to claim 1, wherein: the outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) includes a first aperture (2421; 4421; 5421); and / or the outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) includes a second aperture (2426; 4426; 6426). [3] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: the outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) comprises one or more first mixing vanes (5422); and / or the outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) includes one or more second mixing vanes (6427). [4] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to claim 3, wherein: one or more first mixing vanes (5422) are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction directly on the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400) or on the first orifice (2421; 4421; 5421); and / or one or more second mixing vanes (6427) are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction directly on the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400) or on the second orifice (2426; 4426; 6426). [5] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein: one or more first mixing vanes (5422) are arranged asymmetrically; and / or one or more second mixing vanes (6427) are arranged asymmetrically. [6] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: the first aperture (2421; 4421; 5421) is formed as a separate component or is formed in one piece from the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400); and / or wherein the second aperture (2426; 4426; 6426) is formed as a separate component or is formed in one piece from the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400); and / or wherein the first aperture (2421; 4421; 5421) and / or the second aperture (2426; 4426; 6426) is formed as a separate counterpart to the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400), which can be positively fitted to the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400). [7] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein one or more second mixing vanes (6427) are formed in one piece from the outer tube (1400; 2400; 3400; 4400; 5400; 6400). [8] Mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein a number of the first mixing vanes (5422) is smaller than a number of the second mixing vanes (6427). [9] System (7000), comprising: a device (7100) that generates a current; a control (7200) for reducing pollutant emissions by injecting a reactant into the stream by means of an injection device in a treatment system (7300); and the treatment system (7300) with a mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. [10] Method for reducing pollutant emissions by means of a current from a device (7100) generating the current, comprising: Arranging (8100) a mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a treatment system (7300); Adapting (8200) the outlet zone (1420, 1420A, 1420B, 1420C; 2420; 4420) of the mixer (1000; 2000; 3000; 4000) to the treatment system (7300).

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