Method and system for generating an environmental noise map

Abstract

Method (100) for generating an environmental noise map using a central server (51) and at least one vehicle (52), the method (100) comprising: - Transmitting (110) an initial model to at least one vehicle (52) by the central server (51), wherein the initial model is characteristic of a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set includes a geographical position and wherein the output data set includes an ambient noise level, - Recording (120) at least one noise data set by at least one vehicle (52), the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle (52) and an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Updating (130) the initial model for at least one vehicle (52) using at least one noise data set acquired by the vehicle (52), - Transmitting (140) an updated initial model to the central server (51) by at least one vehicle (52), - Aggregating (150) at least one updated initial model into an overall model by the central server (51) and - Generating (160) the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server (51).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for generating an environmental noise map using a central server and at least one vehicle, a system for generating an environmental noise map comprising a central server and at least one vehicle, a computer program product, a computer-readable medium and a data carrier signal.

[0002] Mapping environmental noise, i.e., determining the spatial or geographical distribution of environmental noise in urban areas, along major roads, railway lines, and at large airports, serves to identify areas with high noise levels. Furthermore, measures to reduce environmental noise can be evaluated for their effectiveness based on regularly updated environmental noise maps. Environmental noise maps are typically created using simulation software such as acoustic modeling programs. The numerous input parameters required for this process are usually approximated using guideline values. As a result, the actual noise levels can sometimes deviate significantly from the simulation results. Consequently, this can make the reliable identification of areas with high noise levels more difficult and / or compromise the effectiveness of the resulting measures for local noise reduction.User devices, especially smartphones, are also used to determine location-specific noise data. These devices collect noise information and transmit it to a central location for evaluation. However, a disadvantage of this approach is that the transmission of these data sets often does not comply with applicable data protection regulations, particularly those concerning the protection of personal data.

[0003] Approaches to measuring environmental noise are described, for example, in US 2021 / 0168496 A1, US 2023 / 0241942 A1, and CN115292413A.

[0004] It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome at least one of the disadvantages described above, at least partially. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and a system for generating an environmental noise map that enables the generation of a high-quality environmental noise map while simultaneously avoiding the transmission of sensitive, especially personal, data.

[0005] The foregoing problem is solved by a method with the features of independent claim 1, by a system with the features of independent claim 10, by a computer program product with the features of independent claim 12, by a computer-readable medium with the features of independent claim 13, and by a data carrier signal with the features of independent claim 14. Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.Features and details described in connection with the method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the system according to the invention and / or in connection with the computer program product according to the invention and / or in connection with the computer-readable medium according to the invention and / or in connection with the data carrier signal according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, mutual reference is always made or can always be made.

[0006] According to the invention, a method for generating an environmental noise map using a central server and at least one vehicle is provided, the method comprising: - Transmitting an initial model to at least one vehicle via the central server, wherein the initial model is characteristic of a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set includes at least a geographical position and wherein the output data set includes an ambient noise level, - Recording at least one noise data set by at least one vehicle, in particular a sensor unit of the vehicle, the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle and an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Updating the initial model for at least one vehicle using at least one noise data set acquired by the vehicle, in particular by a control unit of the vehicle, - Transmission of an updated initial model to the central server by at least one vehicle, in particular by a communication unit of the vehicle, - Aggregating at least one updated initial model into an overall model by the central server and - Generating the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server.

[0007] In other words, a method for generating an environmental noise map using at least one central server and at least one vehicle is proposed. In particular, it can be provided that at least one vehicle and the central server are configured to be connected, at least temporarily, to a communication link, preferably a bidirectional one. For this purpose, it can be provided that at least one vehicle and / or the central server has at least one communication interface. At least one communication interface can preferably be configured as a cellular interface. Thus, an initial model can be transmitted from the central server to at least one vehicle, and an updated initial model from at least one vehicle to the central server, via the communication interfaces.

[0008] According to the invention, an initial model is transmitted from the central server to at least one vehicle or is made available at the vehicle. The initial model represents a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set. In other words, the input data set is entered into the model as an input variable, and the output data set is generated by the model based on the input data set. The input data set includes at least a geographical location, and the output data set includes an ambient noise level. The initial model is thus configured to output an ambient noise level based on at least one geographical location.

[0009] Furthermore, it is provided that at least one vehicle acquires a noise data set, wherein the noise data set includes at least one geographical position of the vehicle and an ambient noise level at that geographical position, and that the vehicle's initial model is updated, in particular trained, based on the at least one noise data set. In this context, an update is understood to mean that at least one noise data set is provided in the initial model as a reference or training data set in order to improve the accuracy of the initial model.

[0010] Furthermore, it is planned that an initial model, updated based on at least one noise data set, is transmitted from at least one vehicle to the central server, and that the updated initial model is aggregated by the central server into a complete model. The aggregation of the initial models into the complete model can be carried out in a known manner. For example, redundant or overlapping data areas from different initial models can be aggregated by appropriate weighting.

[0011] The overall model can preferably be used to generate an environmental noise map. This map can then be provided with parameters. For example, the overall model can be used to query and provide a parameterized environmental noise distribution for a specific geographic area. This allows for simple further processing and / or visualization of the environmental noise data.

[0012] Preferably, the overall model is also characterized by a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set comprises a geographic location and the output data set comprises an ambient noise level. The overall model and the initial model provided with the vehicles can preferably have an identical or substantially identical model topology and / or represent the same functional relationship. This allows the initial models to be easily aggregated into the overall model. The model topology refers in particular to the structure of a neural network. Additionally or alternatively, the input and output data sets of the overall model and the initial models, or the initial model itself, can preferably be identical, in particular comprising the same parameters.

[0013] It is particularly preferable to limit the transmission of the initial model to a modified functional relationship. This means that no raw or training data is transmitted to the central server. Instead of transmitting the modified functional relationship, one or more parameters can be transmitted that are characteristic of the change to the functional relationship that occurred during the update of the initial model. In other words, it is not the functional relationship itself that is transmitted, but only one or more parameters that characterize a change to the initial model that occurred during the update.

[0014] Accordingly, it may be provided that the aggregation of one or more initial models is limited to aggregating adapted functional relationships or parameters that are characteristic of the change in the respective initial models.

[0015] The method according to the invention offers the advantage of generating a high-quality and informative environmental noise map. In particular, the method can be carried out using a large number of vehicles, enabling the acquisition of correspondingly large amounts of data across vast geographical areas. Thus, a high-quality environmental noise map for a large geographical area can be generated relatively easily. Furthermore, the method deliberately avoids transmitting raw noise data from vehicles to the central server. Instead, the vehicles update the initial model provided to them by the central server and transmit only the updated initial model back to the server. Thus, only an updated functional relationship between the input data set and the output data set is transmitted.The change to the functional context is necessary to incorporate these changes, but not the underlying noise datasets, especially training data. This makes access to vehicle-specific or personal data, such as movement profiles, more difficult or impossible, and ensures the required level of data protection. The environmental noise map can be used, for example, in urban planning to reliably identify locations with high noise levels and to initiate effective countermeasures.

[0016] With regard to the present invention, it may be provided that at least individual steps of the method are carried out repeatedly and / or at least partially simultaneously.

[0017] Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that the procedure is carried out using a large number of vehicles, so that the procedure includes: - Transmitting an initial model to a large number of vehicles via the central server, wherein the initial model is characteristic of a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set includes a geographic position and wherein the output data set includes an ambient noise level, - Recording of at least one noise data set by each vehicle, the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle and an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Updating the initial model for each vehicle using at least one noise data set recorded by the respective vehicle, - Transmission of the respective updated initial models to the central server by the vehicles, - Aggregating the updated initial models into a single overall model by the central server and - Generating the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server.

[0018] Using a large number of vehicles results in a corresponding increase in the database used for model generation, which can increase both the position-specific accuracy of the environmental noise map and the area covered by the environmental noise map.

[0019] Within the scope of the invention, it can be advantageous for the acquisition of at least one noise data set from at least one vehicle to be carried out repeatedly after a predetermined period of time. In other words, it can be provided that the acquisition of the noise data set from at least one vehicle is carried out repeatedly at predetermined time intervals. The predetermined period or time interval can be, in particular, a maximum of 60 minutes, preferably a maximum of 30 minutes, more preferably a maximum of 15 minutes, and most preferably a maximum of 5 minutes. By reducing the predetermined period, the number of noise data sets acquired by a vehicle, and thus the contribution of the respective vehicle to a meaningful overall model, can be increased.

[0020] In this context, it may be stipulated that the predetermined duration or interval is determined based on the current time of day and / or the vehicle's geographical position. Specifically, it may be stipulated that noise data is recorded more frequently during the day than at night. Additionally or alternatively, it may be stipulated that noise data is recorded more frequently at locations or in regions where no or only a few noise data records have been recorded than at locations or in regions where noise data records already exist or where a comparatively large number of noise data records are available. Such an adjustment of the recording frequency can reduce the acquisition of redundant data, thereby enabling more efficient data processing and more energy-efficient vehicle operation.

[0021] With regard to the present invention, it can advantageously be provided that the acquisition of at least one noise data set for at least one vehicle is interrupted when the state of charge of at least one electrical energy storage device of the vehicle reaches or falls below a limit value. In other words, it can be provided that the acquisition of noise data sets is suspended as soon as the state of charge of at least one electrical energy storage device of the vehicle reaches or falls below a limit value and is only resumed when the state of charge reaches or exceeds the limit value. This ensures that the operation of the vehicle is not compromised by the acquisition of noise data sets. The energy storage device can preferably be an energy storage device for providing propulsion energy for the vehicle.

[0022] Within the scope of the invention, it is further conceivable that the initial model is designed as a neural network. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that updating the initial model includes or consists of determining updated weighting factors of the neural network. The determination of updated weighting factors is carried out, in particular, as a function of at least one vehicle-acquired noise data set. In other words, at least one vehicle-acquired training data set can be used as a training data set for the neural network in order to determine updated weighting factors of the neural network.

[0023] Furthermore, the invention may provide that transmitting an updated initial model to the central server includes, or consists of, transmitting the updated weighting factors of the neural network to the central server. This completely decouples the data transmitted to the central server from the underlying training data, particularly noise data sets, which are thus exclusively acquired and processed by the vehicle. This ensures a high level of data protection.

[0024] Within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that the transmission of the updated initial model is carried out repeatedly for at least one vehicle after a predetermined period of time and / or repeatedly after the acquisition of a predetermined number of noise data records. With regard to transmission after a predetermined period of time, the advantage arises that a quasi-simultaneous provision of the updated initial models by the vehicles used to the central server can be achieved, resulting in simplified data processing with regard to the generation of the overall model.With regard to transmission after the acquisition of a predetermined number of noise data sets, the advantage is that the vehicle-side transmission of updated initial models with no or only slightly improved informative value compared to the originally provided initial model can be avoided.

[0025] It is also conceivable that the following is included: - Provision of the complete model as an initial model for at least one vehicle by the central server.

[0026] This allows an improved model to be provided for at least one vehicle, which is then further updated or trained. Preferably, providing the complete model as an initial model can trigger a repeat execution of at least the following steps: - Recording at least one noise data set by at least one vehicle, in particular a sensor unit of the vehicle, the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle and an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Updating the initial model for at least one vehicle using at least one noise data set acquired by the vehicle, in particular by a control unit of the vehicle, - Transmission of an updated initial model to the central server by at least one vehicle, in particular by a communication unit of the vehicle, - Aggregating at least one updated initial model into an overall model by the central server and - Generating the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server.

[0027] This allows for the advantage of a gradual improvement in the quality of the information or the spatial coverage of the environmental noise map.

[0028] It is also conceivable that the procedure may additionally include the following: - Generating a user alert using the environmental noise map and / or the overall model, wherein in particular the user alert is characteristic of at least one geographical location where the environmental noise reaches or falls below a predetermined limit.

[0029] This approach allows users to be given recommendations for routes and / or parking locations where relatively little ambient noise is expected. It can also be combined with locating specific infrastructure such as hotels, campsites, rest areas, and charging stations in areas with comparatively low noise levels.

[0030] The generation of a user alert can be performed by the central server. The user alert can be transmitted to at least one vehicle. Alternatively, the user alert can be generated on the vehicle itself, particularly by a control unit. This approach can be especially advantageous if a complete model has already been provided as a new initial model for the vehicle and / or the noise map has been provided for the vehicle. It can be provided that the user alert is provided for a geographical area predetermined, particularly by the user. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the predetermined limit value for ambient noise can be defined by the user.

[0031] In particular, it may also include: - Transmitting the environmental noise map to at least one vehicle

[0032] In other words, the environmental noise map can be made available for further use for at least one vehicle.

[0033] It is also conceivable that the procedure may additionally include the following: - Performing at least one vehicle action using the noise map and a, in particular current or future, geographical position of the vehicle, wherein performing at least one vehicle action includes at least one of the following: - Closing at least one window of the vehicle when the ambient noise at the geographical location reaches or exceeds a predetermined limit, - Increasing the volume of an audio output device, in particular a radio, of the vehicle when the ambient noise at the geographical location reaches or exceeds a predetermined limit.

[0034] A future geographic position of the vehicle can be determined, for example, from a planned or anticipated route. Particularly on highways, it can be assumed that the vehicle will follow the highway at least until the next exit. When using future geographic positions, the respective vehicle actions can be carried out when or shortly before the vehicle passes the respective geographic position.

[0035] Within the scope of the invention, it is optionally possible that at least one noise data set and / or the input data set additionally comprises at least one of the following: - A timestamp, where the timestamp is characteristic of a recording time of the noise data set, - surface information, wherein the surface information is characteristic of a surface condition of a roadway at the geographical position, - speed information, wherein the speed information is characteristic of a speed limit at the geographical location, in particular at the time the noise data set is acquired, and / or - traffic density information, where the traffic density information is characteristic of a traffic density at the geographical position at the time the noise data set was recorded.

[0036] In this way, additional dimensions of dependency besides geographical position can be considered in the initial models or the overall model. This allows the informative value of the overall model and the resulting environmental noise map to be further increased.

[0037] Surface information can be derived, for example, from a vehicle-side approximation of the current coefficient of friction at at least one vehicle wheel. Alternatively or additionally, surface information and / or speed information can be provided from vehicle-side road map data and / or from at least one environmental sensor, in particular at least one surround-view camera. Speed ​​information can also be automatically acquired by the vehicle. For this purpose, vehicle-side automated traffic sign recognition can be used. Additionally or alternatively, speed information and / or traffic density information can be acquired via V2X communication.V21 (Vehicle to Infrastructure) communication and / or V2V communication, in particular from an intelligent traffic object, especially an intelligent sign and / or a traffic camera, and / or another vehicle, to the vehicle.

[0038] The above-mentioned problem is further solved by a system according to the invention for generating an environmental noise map, comprising a central server and at least one vehicle, wherein the system is configured to be operated according to a method according to one of the preceding claims. This results in the same advantages with respect to a system according to the invention as have already been described with respect to a method according to the invention.

[0039] With regard to the present invention, at least one vehicle can be configured, particularly preferably, as a car, especially a passenger car, or a commercial vehicle, especially a truck. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least one vehicle is configured as a train or tram, a bus, a scooter or motorcycle, or a bicycle, especially an electric bicycle.

[0040] At least one vehicle may preferably be designed as an electrically powered vehicle. In particular, at least one vehicle may include at least one, in particular electrical, energy storage device. The electrical energy storage device may be configured to provide electrical energy for propelling the vehicle.

[0041] Furthermore, the invention may provide that at least one vehicle comprises at least one of the following: - At least one sensor unit, - at least one control unit and / or - at least one communication unit.

[0042] At least one vehicle or at least one sensor unit can include at least one noise sensor for detecting a noise level. At least one noise sensor can, for example, be configured as a microphone or include at least one microphone. Additionally or alternatively, at least one sensor unit can include at least one position sensor for detecting the vehicle's geographic position. At least one position sensor can preferably be configured as a GNSS sensor (Global Navigation Satellite System), preferably as a GPS sensor (Global Positioning System).

[0043] Additionally or alternatively, at least one vehicle or at least one sensor unit may include at least one optical sensor for the automated detection of a traffic object, in particular another vehicle and / or road sign or similar. At least one optical sensor may be designed as a camera.

[0044] Additionally or alternatively, at least one vehicle or at least one sensor unit can include at least one acceleration sensor for detecting longitudinal and / or lateral acceleration of the vehicle and / or at least one velocity sensor for detecting the vehicle's speed and / or at least one rotational speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of at least one wheel of the vehicle. In particular, a current coefficient of friction at at least one vehicle wheel can be determined using a model based on the vehicle speed, wheel rotational speed, and longitudinal and / or lateral acceleration, thus enabling inferences about the road surface beneath the vehicle.

[0045] At least one sensor unit and / or control unit and / or communication unit and / or at least one central server may preferably include data processing means. The data processing means preferably include at least one processor and / or at least one main memory and / or at least one non-volatile data storage device.

[0046] At least one communication unit may preferably have at least one communication interface for wireless and / or wired communication. At least one communication interface may preferably be configured as a cellular interface and / or WLAN interface.

[0047] The central server can preferably comprise a plurality of computing units, particularly those that are spatially separated. In particular, the central server can be designed as a cloud system.

[0048] The above-mentioned problem is further solved by a computer program product according to the invention, comprising instructions that cause a system according to the invention, in particular a system according to claim 10 or 11, to execute a method according to the invention, in particular a method according to claim 1 to 9. This results in the same advantages with respect to a computer program product according to the invention as have already been described with respect to a method and / or a system according to the invention.

[0049] The above problem is further solved by a computer-readable medium, in particular a storage medium, on which a computer program product according to the invention, in particular a computer program product according to claim 12, is stored. This results in the same advantages with respect to a computer-readable medium according to the invention as have already been described with respect to a method and / or a system and / or a computer program product according to the invention.

[0050] The above problem is further solved by a data carrier signal according to the invention, which transmits a computer program product according to the invention, in particular a computer program product according to claim 12. This results in the same advantages with respect to a data carrier signal according to the invention as have already been described with respect to a method and / or a system and / or a computer program product and / or a computer-readable medium according to the invention.

[0051] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which several embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. The following are shown schematically: Fig. 1 a schematic view of a procedure, Fig. 2 a schematic view of a system and Fig. 3 A schematic view of a vehicle.

[0052] The figures use identical reference numerals for the same technical features, even for different embodiments.

[0053] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a method 100 for generating an environmental noise map using a central server 51 and at least one vehicle 52, comprising the method 100: - Transmitting 110 an initial model to at least one vehicle 52 via the central server 51, wherein the initial model is characteristic of a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set includes at least a geographical position and wherein the output data set includes an ambient noise level, - Recording 120 at least one noise data set by at least one vehicle 52, the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle 52 as well as an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Update 130 of the initial model for at least one vehicle 52 using at least one noise data set captured by the vehicle 52, - Transmit 140 of an updated initial model to the central server 51 by at least one vehicle 52, - Aggregate at least 150 updated initial models into an overall model through the central server 51 and - Generate 160 of the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server 51.

[0054] Fig. Figure 2 further shows a schematic view of a system 50 for generating an environmental noise map, comprising a central server 51 and at least one vehicle 52. In the present case, the system 50 comprises a plurality of vehicles 52. The system 50 is configured to generate an environmental noise map according to a method 100 according to the invention, in particular a method 100 according to Fig. 1, to be operated.

[0055] Fig. Figure 3 also shows a schematic view of a vehicle 52, from which it can be seen that the vehicle 52 comprises a sensor unit 53, a control unit 54, a communication unit 55 and an energy storage device 56. Reference symbol list 50 System 51 central servers 52 vehicles 53 Sensor unit 54 Control unit 55 Communication unit 56 Energy storage 100 procedures 110 Transmit 120 Capture 130 Update 140 Transmit 150 Aggregate Generate 160 QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 2021 / 0168496 A1

[0003] US 2023 / 0241942 A1

[0003] CN 115292413A

[0003]

Claims

[1] Method (100) for generating an environmental noise map using a central server (51) and at least one vehicle (52), the method (100) comprising: - Transmitting (110) an initial model to at least one vehicle (52) by the central server (51), wherein the initial model is characteristic of a functional relationship between an input data set and an output data set, wherein the input data set includes at least a geographical position and wherein the output data set includes an ambient noise level, - Recording (120) at least one noise data set by at least one vehicle (52), the noise data set comprising a geographical position of the vehicle (52) and an ambient noise level at the geographical position, - Updating (130) the initial model for at least one vehicle (52) using at least one noise data set acquired by the vehicle (52), - Transmitting (140) an updated initial model to the central server (51) by at least one vehicle (52), - Aggregating (150) at least one updated initial model into an overall model by the central server (51) and - Generating (160) the environmental noise map using the overall model by the central server (51). [2] Method (100) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the recording (120) of at least one noise data set for at least one vehicle (52) is carried out repeatedly after a predetermined period of time. [3] Method (100) according to claim 2, characterized by , that the predetermined time duration is determined depending on the current time of day and / or the geographical position of the vehicle (52). [4] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the recording (120) of at least one noise data set for at least one vehicle (52) is interrupted when the charge level of at least one electrical energy storage device (56) of the vehicle (52) reaches or falls below a limit value. [5] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the initial model is designed as a neural network and the updating (130) of the initial model includes determining updated weighting factors of the neural network and / or the transmission (140) of an updated initial model to the central server (51) includes transmitting the updated weighting factors. [6] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the transmission (140) of the updated initial model is carried out repeatedly for at least one vehicle (52) after a predetermined period of time and / or is carried out repeatedly after the acquisition (120) of a predetermined number of noise data sets. [7] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , which further includes: - Provision of the overall model as an initial model for at least one vehicle (52) by the central server (51). [8] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , which further includes: - Generating a user alert using the ambient noise map, wherein the user alert is characteristic of at least one geographical location where the ambient noise reaches or falls below a predetermined limit. [9] Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one noise data set and / or the input data set additionally includes at least one of the following: - A timestamp, where the timestamp is characteristic of a recording time of the noise data set, - surface information, wherein the surface information is characteristic of a surface condition of a roadway at the geographical position, - speed information, wherein the speed information is characteristic of a speed limit at the geographical location, in particular at the time the noise data set is acquired, and / or - traffic density information, where the traffic density information is characteristic of a traffic density at the geographical position at the time the noise data set was recorded. [10] System (50) for generating an environmental noise map, comprising a central server (51) and at least one vehicle (52), wherein the system (50) is configured to be operated according to a method (100) according to one of the preceding claims. [11] System (50) according to claim 10, characterized by , that the vehicle (52) comprises at least one of the following: - at least one sensor unit (53), - at least one control unit (54) and / or - at least one communication unit (55). [12] Computer program product comprising instructions that cause a system (50) according to one of claims 10 or 11 to execute a method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9. [13] Computer-readable medium on which a computer program product according to the preceding claim is stored. [14] Data carrier signal that transmits a computer program product according to claim 12.

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