Composite bearing material with thermoplastic elastomer

Abstract

The invention relates to a sliding bearing composite material (10) comprising a support layer (12), a sliding layer (18) made of a sliding material (20) comprising a thermoplastic polymer, and an intermediate layer (14) made of an intermediate layer material (16) arranged between the sliding layer and the support layer, wherein the intermediate layer material comprises at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The invention also relates to a sliding bearing element comprising such a sliding bearing composite material and to a method for producing such a sliding bearing composite material.

Description

The invention relates to a slide bearing composite material having a supporting layer, a sliding layer and an intermediate layer arranged between the supporting layer and the sliding layer, via which intermediate layer the sliding layer is connected to the supporting layer.Such slide bearing composite materials are known in many ways in the prior art. In particular, slide bearing composite materials are known in which a porous bronze layer is applied as a bonding layer on the support layer, in which the polymeric slide material is impregnated. Such a slide bearing composite material is described, for example, in DE 10 2006 048 311 A1.It is also known to glue the sliding layer to the supporting layer.For example, WO 2012 / 149 447 A2 discloses a sliding bearing comprising a metal carrier and a sliding layer, wherein the metal carrier and the sliding layer are connected to the metal carrier via an adhesive layer comprising PFA or FEP. Furthermore, it is known, for example, from EP 2 139 675 B1 to use fluorine-containing thermoplastic polymers, in particular ETFE, as adhesion promoters between a sliding layer and a metal carrier. However, such fluoropolymer-based adhesive layers are increasingly undesirable for environmental reasons.It is also known to join sliding layers to a support layer via a polyethylene film. However, polyethylene films have too low a temperature resistance for many fields of application.In addition, DE 43 11 634 A1 discloses a method for producing a sleeve-shaped slide bearing and a correspondingly designed slide bearing.In addition, EP 2 827 010 A1 discloses a vibration-damping slide bearing composite comprising a slide layer, a dimensionally stable carrier layer and an elastic layer. The elastic layer may comprise a thermoplastic elastomer.U.S. Pat. No. 2018 / 0 306 240 A1 also discloses a sliding bearing coated with a covering layer made of a thermoplastic elastomer.The invention is concerned with the object of providing a slide bearing composite material which overcomes the disadvantages from the prior art, in particular is environmentally friendly and additionally has improved mechanical properties.This object is achieved according to the invention by a slide bearing composite material having the features of claim 1, a slide bearing element having the features of claim 18 and a method having the features of claim 19.According to a first aspect, a slide bearing composite material is proposed, comprising a support layer, a slide layer, and an intermediate layer of an intermediate layer material arranged between the slide layer and the support layer, in particular applied directly to the support layer. The sliding layer comprises in particular a thermoplastic, preferably UHMW-PE or polyamide. The sliding layer is connected to the support layer in particular via the intermediate layer. In this respect, the intermediate layer is in particular a joining layer. The interlayer material comprises or consists of at least one thermoplastic elastomer (referred to below as TPE).Such a slide bearing composite material is distinguished by good damping properties and additionally has optimized mechanical and thermal properties. In particular, it was recognized within the scope of the invention that through the use of thermoplastic elastomers as intermediate layer in comparison to slide bearing composite materials with purely thermoplastic intermediate layer material, for example. PFA or ETFE, stresses between the sliding layer and the supporting layer can be compensated better and the risk of cracks can thus be significantly reduced. The proposed slide bearing composite materials have therefore proved to be permanently stable, in particular even when the temperature load changes. In particular in comparison with polyethylene-based adhesive layers, the slide bearing composite material according to the invention additionally has improved thermal stability.By "thermoplastic elastomer" (referred to below as TPE) is meant in general, in particular according to ISO 18064, a polymer or polymer mixture (blend) which, at its service temperature, has properties which are similar to those of vulcanized rubber, but which can be processed and processed at elevated temperatures like a thermoplastic.The TPE may be made of one component. The TPE may be comprised of multiple components.The TPE may be a copolymer. The TPE can also be an elastomer alloy, i.e. a mixture of several elastomers.Preferably, the TPE is PFAS-free, i.e. free of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals. In particular, the slide bearing composite material is PFAS-free. In this way, particularly environmentally friendly production and disposal is favored.The interlayer material may be comprised of the at least one TPE. In this respect, a slide bearing composite material is also proposed, comprising an, in particular metallic, support layer, a slide layer and an intermediate layer, arranged between the support layer and the slide layer, made of at least one TPE.The interlayer material can also comprise further components, in particular further polymers and / or fillers. In some examples, the interlayer material may include up to 30 vol % fillers.The intermediate layer may be electrically conductive. For example, the interlayer material can have electrically conductive components, in particular electrically conductive fillers, in particular carbon black, C fibers, graphite and / or metallic particles, in particular made of bronze or aluminum. A proportion of the fillers in the interlayer material can be, in particular, 2% by weight to 25% by weight.The interlayer material may comprise a, in particular metallic, reinforcing structure. The reinforcing structure can be embedded in the TPE, in particular in such a way that a bonding surface of the intermediate layer to the sliding layer has TPE, in particular consists of TPE, and / or that a bonding surface of the intermediate layer to the supporting layer has TPE, in particular consists of TPE.Within the scope of an advantageous embodiment, the intermediate layer can comprise two layers of the TPE, wherein a metallic intermediate layer, in particular a reinforcing structure, is embedded between the two layers. The intermediate layer or the reinforcing structure can be designed in the form of a metal lattice, preferably in the form of an expanded lattice or a woven fabric.Preferably, the intermediate layer is applied directly to the support layer. Preferably, the sliding layer is applied directly to the intermediate layer. In this respect, a slide bearing composite material is also proposed, comprising an, in particular metallic, support layer, an intermediate layer, which is applied in particular directly, to the support layer and is composed of an intermediate layer material, and a slide layer, which is applied in particular directly, to the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer material has at least one, in particular PFAS-free, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).The support layer is preferably a metallic support layer. Advantageous materials of the support layer include steel, in particular stainless steel, coated steel, in particular galvanized steel, ground steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, bronze and brass. Particularly preferably, the support layer is formed from ground steel or galvanized steel.The support layer can be provided as a flat material, for example in the form of a tape. The support layer can also be provided as a three-dimensional shaped body. In this respect, the support layer can be a carrier, in particular a metal carrier.According to the invention, the interlayer material, in particular a polymer contained in the interlayer material, has functional groups. The functional groups are in particular designed to improve adhesion of the interlayer material to the support layer and in particular to the sliding layer.According to the invention, the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of carbonyl groups, ether groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups (also referred to as carboxylic acid groups), carboxyl derivative groups (also referred to as carboxylic acid derivative groups), in particular carboxylic acid ester groups and cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups, and combinations thereof.Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives, in particular carboxylic esters and cyclic carboxylic anhydrides, have proven to be preferred as functional groups.It has been found to be particularly preferred if the interlayer material has at least one cyclic carboxylic anhydride as functional group. In particular, the carboxylic anhydride can have the formula (I) where n=0-4, preferably n=1 or n=2, particularly preferably n=1. Here, 'A' denotes the attachment site via which the carboxylic anhydride is linked to a polymer main chain of the interlayer material (directly or via an optional linker, for example an alkyl group). Optionally, the cyclic carboxylic anhydride may have further side groups, in particular alkyl groups.It is conceivable for the TPE to have the functional groups. In this respect, a component of the TPE, in particular a base polymer of the TPE, can have the functional groups.Alternatively or additionally, the interlayer material can comprise at least one further polymer as additive (additive polymer) in addition to the at least one TPE. The at least one additive polymer may have the functional groups. In this respect, the interlayer material can comprise at least one TPE and at least one functionalized additive polymer.The functional groups may be grafted onto a polymer backbone of the TPE or additive polymer. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the TPE or the additive polymer consists of a copolymer, wherein a monomer of the copolymer contains a functional group.The functional groups can be attached directly to the polymer main chain. The functional groups can also be connected to the polymer main chain via a linker, for example via an alkyl chain.Advantageous additive polymers include polyolefins, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene, and polyolefin chain-containing polymers, in particular styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS).The functional groups can be grafted onto the thermoplastic elastomer or the additive polymer, in particular, by use of at least one modifying reagent. Suitable modifiers are, for example, maleic acid and its derivatives, in particular its anhydride, itaconic acid and its derivatives, in particular its anhydride, citraconic acid and its derivatives, in particular its anhydride, and / or acrylic acid and its derivatives, in particular acrylic acid esters.In particular, the interlayer material may comprise a carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride modified polymer, more particularly a maleic acid or maleic anhydride modified polymer, an itaconic acid or itaconic anhydride modified polymer, a citraconic acid or citraconic anhydride modified polymer, or an acrylic acid or acrylic acid ester modified polymer. It is particularly preferred if the interlayer material comprises a maleic anhydride-modified polymer.In particular, the thermoplastic elastomer can be a carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride-modified thermoplastic elastomer, further in particular a maleic acid or maleic anhydride-modified thermoplastic elastomer, an itaconic acid or itaconic anhydride-modified thermoplastic elastomer, a citraconic acid or citraconic anhydride-modified thermoplastic elastomer, or an acrylic acid or acrylic acid ester-modified thermoplastic elastomer. A maleic anhydride-modified thermoplastic elastomer is preferred.The term "carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride modified", in particular "maleic anhydride modified" / "itaconic anhydride modified" / "citraconic anhydride modified" / "acrylic ester modified", means in the present context that a carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride, in particular maleic anhydride / itaconic anhydride / citraconic anhydride / acrylic ester, was used as modifying reagent. The functional group present on the polymer modified in this way is then in particular a succinic anhydride group when using maleic anhydride as modifying reagent.The at least one thermoplastic elastomer can be selected in particular from the group comprising:TPA (thermoplastic polyamide elastomers);TPC (Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers);TPO (olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, in particular PP (polypropylene) / EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber));TPS (Thermoplastic Styrene Block Copolymers), in particular comprising or consisting of SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer), SEBS (Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene Copolymer), SEPS (Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene Copolymer), SEPS (Styrene-Ethylene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene), or MBS (Methyl methacrylate-Butadiene-Styrene);TPU (urethane-based thermoplastic elastomers); andTPV (thermoplastic vulcanisates or crosslinked thermoplastic elastomers based on olefins, in particular PP / EPDM).In particular, TPS, in particular comprising or consisting of SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer), SEPS (styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene copolymer), SEPS (styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene), and MBS (methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene), has proven to be advantageous.It has been found to be particularly preferred if the interlayer material comprises SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer) and polypropylene, and optionally SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer).It has furthermore proven to be advantageous if the sliding layer has a layer thickness of 50 μm to 300 μm, preferably of 100 μm to 200 μm. It has furthermore proven advantageous if the intermediate layer has a layer thickness of 30 μm to 150 μm, preferably 50 μm to 100 μm.It has been found to be particularly advantageous if a ratio of layer thickness of the sliding layer to layer thickness of the intermediate layer is between 1:2 and 10:1, preferably between 5:1 and 1:1, more preferably between 2:1 and 1:1.The intermediate layer material, in particular the thermoplastic elastomer, can be provided as a flowable mass. The interlayer material can then be applied, for example, first to the support layer and then the sliding layer can be applied to the interlayer material.The intermediate layer, in particular the TPE, is preferably designed as a film. The sliding layer is preferably formed as a film of the sliding material (sliding material film). In particular, both the intermediate layer and the sliding layer can be formed as a film. The film of the sliding material is then connected to the support layer in particular by means of the film of the intermediate layer material. In this way, production is simplified.The sliding layer is preferably made of a polymer-based sliding material. In this respect, the sliding material can consist mainly of a polymer or a polymer mixture. The sliding material may consist of a polymer or a polymer mixture.The sliding material is preferably designed free of PFAS, i.e. free of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals. In particular, the sliding material does not contain any fluoropolymers. In this way, particularly environmentally friendly production and disposal is favored. In particular, the slide bearing composite material is PFAS-free.Preferably, the polymer base comprises or consists of a thermoplastic polymer. In this respect, a sliding bearing material comprising a thermoplastic polymer is proposed.Advantageous thermoplastic polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, PEEK, PPA, PPS, POM and mixtures thereof. In this respect, the sliding material can contain or consist of a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, PEEK, PPA, PPS, POM and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the sliding material is a polyamide-based sliding material or a polyethylene-based sliding material, in particular a UHMW-PE-based sliding material.The sliding material may comprise fillers. The polymer base can then form, in particular, a (polymer) matrix in which the fillers are dispersed. In particular, the fillers are embedded at least in sections in the polymer base. The fillers are in particular designed in such a way that they influence, in particular improve, the tribological properties of the sliding material. In particular, the fillers can reduce a coefficient of friction of the sliding material and / or wear of the sliding material. In particular, the lubricant material is a polymer-based lubricant material with fillers improving tribological properties.The fillers can comprise in particular calcium phosphate and / or at least one metal sulfide. The at least metal sulfide can be, in particular, SnS 2 WS 2, MoS 2, bismuth sulfide and combinations thereof. Preferably, the fillers comprise SnS 2 and / or WS 2.The sliding material may be electrically conductive. For example, the sliding material can have electrically conductive components, in particular electrically conductive fillers, in particular carbon black, C fibers, graphite and / or metallic particles, in particular made of bronze or aluminum. A proportion of the fillers in the sliding material can be, in particular, 2% by weight to 25% by weight.Within the scope of a first advantageous embodiment, the sliding layer can be made of a polyamide-based sliding material. The term "polyamide base" or "polyamide matrix" does not necessarily mean that the entire polymer base or polyamide matrix must consist of polyamide (of one type or mixture of different polyamides). Preferably, however, the polyamide base consists to an extent of at least 80.0% by weight, more particularly at least 90.0% by weight, more particularly at least 95.0% by weight of polyamide (of one type or mixture of different polyamides).It is particularly advantageous if the polyamide base (100% of) consists of polyamide. This does not exclude that the polyamide base has undesirable impurities, in particular up to 1.0% by weight, preferably up to 0.5% by weight, more preferably up to 0.2% by weight.The polyamide base or the polyamide portion of the polyamide base can consist of polyamide of one type, in particular polyamide 46 (hereinafter PA46) or polyamide 6 (hereinafter PA6), preferably PA6.The polyamide base or the polyamide portion of the polyamide base can also consist of a mixture of different polyamides.Advantageous polyamide types include PA 46, PA 6, PA 66, PA 610, PA612, PA12. In this respect, the polyamide base can contain or consist of PA 46, PA 6, PA 66, PA 610, PA 612, PA 12 or combinations thereof.Preferably, the polyamide base or the polyamide portion of the polyamide base comprises PA6 and at least one further polyamide different from PA6, in particular PA46 and / or PA66. Particularly preferably, the polyamide base consists of a mixture of PA6 and PA66.In particular, the proportion of the polyamide base in the sliding material is at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 65% by weight, more particularly at least 70% by weight, more particularly at least 75% by weight, more particularly at least 80% by weight.According to an advantageous development of the first embodiment, the polyamide-based sliding material can comprise polyethylene with a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol, in particular of at least 1 million g / mol, more particularly of at least 1.5 million g / mol, more particularly of at least 2.0 million g / mol, as filler.Preferably, the proportion of polyethylene in the sliding material is 2 to 25 wt %, in particular 17.5 to 22.5 wt %, more particularly 20 wt % (based on a total weight of the sliding material).A first advantageous sliding material according to the first embodiment comprises (details in each case based on a total weight of the sliding material):15 to 25% by weight, in particular 17.5 to 22.5% by weight, preferably 20% by weight, of polyethylene having a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol as filler, andoptionally up to 5% by weight of pigments;Remainder polyamide base, in particular polyamide, preferably comprising or consisting of PA6.A second advantageous sliding material according to the first embodiment comprises, in particular consists of (details in each case based on a total weight of the sliding material):2 to 20% by weight, in particular 2 to 15% by weight, more in particular 5 to 15% by weight, more in particular 5 to 10% by weight, of polyethylene having a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol as filler;2 to 25 wt %, in particular 5 to 25 wt %, more in particular 10 to 20 wt %, of at least one further filler, wherein the at least one further filler is selected from the group comprising:barium sulfate (BaSO 4), calcium phosphate, metal sulfide, especially SnS 2 and / or WS 2, solid lubricant, preferably graphite, and combinations thereof;optionally up to 5% by weight pigments.In the case of such a sliding material, a ratio of the weight fractions of the further filler or of the sum of the further fillers to polyethylene is preferably 3:1 to 1:1, in particular 2:1.The second advantageous sliding material can comprise calcium phosphate and / or at least one metal sulfide, in particular a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2, as a further filler. The proportion of calcium phosphate, the proportion of metal sulfide, or the proportion of a mixture of calcium phosphate and metal sulfide, in particular the mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2, is not more than 15.0% by weight, preferably not more than 10.0% by weight, more preferably not more than 7.0% by weight, more preferably not more than 5.0% by weight. In particular, the proportion of calcium phosphate, the proportion of metal sulfide, or the proportion of a mixture of calcium phosphate and metal sulfide, in particular that of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS, is 2, 1,0 - 15,0 wt %, preferably 1.0-10.0 wt %, more preferably 2.0-8.0 wt %, more preferably 3.0-7.0 wt %, more preferably 4.0-6.0 wt %, of the sliding material (based on a total weight of the sliding material).The second advantageous sliding material can additionally contain a solid lubricant, in particular ZnS, carbon black or hexagonal BN, preferably graphite, as a further filler in addition or as an alternative to the calcium phosphate and the at least one metal sulfide. The proportion of solid lubricants in the sliding material is preferably 5.0-15.0 wt. %, more preferably 5.0-10.0 wt. %, of the sliding material.Alternatively or additionally, the second advantageous sliding material can also comprise BaSO 4 as a further filler, in particular wherein the proportion of BaSO is 41,0 - 10,0 wt %, preferably 1.0-5.0 wt %, of the sliding material.The proportion of the fillers in the second advantageous sliding material is preferably in total not more than 40.0% by weight, in particular not more than 35.0% by weight, not more than 30.0% by weight, in particular not more than 25.0% by weight, more particularly not more than 20.0% by weight, more particularly not more than 15.0% by weight.A third advantageous sliding material according to the first embodiment comprises as fillers (details in each case based on a total weight of the sliding material):8 to 12% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, of polyethylene having a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol, in particular of at least 1.5 million g / mol, more particularly of at least 2.0 million g / mol;8 to 12% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, of calcium phosphate or a mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide, in particular SnS 2 and / or WS 2;8 to 12% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, of graphite;optionally up to 5% by weight pigments.In the case of such a sliding material, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the polyamide base consists of a mixture of PA46 and at least one further polyamide different from PA46, in particular PA66 and / or PA6. In particular, the polyamide base consists of a mixture of PA6, PA66 and PA46, in particular with a mass ratio PA6:PA66:PA46 of 8:5:1.A fourth advantageous sliding material according to the first embodiment comprises as fillers (details in each case based on a total weight of the sliding material):3 to 7% by weight, in particular 5% by weight, of polyethylene having a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol, in particular of at least 1.5 million g / mol, more particularly of at least 2.0 million g / mol;3 to 7% by weight, in particular 5% by weight, of calcium phosphate or a mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide, in particular SnS 2 and / or WS 2;3 to 7% by weight, in particular 5% by weight, of BaSO4;optionally up to 5% by weight pigments.In the case of such a sliding material, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the polyamide base consists of a mixture of PA46 and at least one further polyamide different from PA46, in particular PA66 and / or PA6. In particular, the polyamide base consists of a mixture of PA6, PA66 and PA46, in particular with a mass ratio PA6:PA66:PA46 of 4:2:11.A fifth, particularly advantageous sliding material according to the first embodiment comprises:13 to 17 wt %, in particular 14 to 16 wt %, more in particular 14.5 to 15.5 wt % polyethylene with a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol as filler, in particular of at least 1.5 million g / mol, more in particular of at least 2.0 million g / mol;5 to 7% by weight, in particular 5.5 to 6.5% by weight, further in particular 6.25% by weight, of BaSO4 as filler,5 to 7% by weight, in particular 5.5 to 6.5% by weight, further in particular 6.25% by weight, of a mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide, in particular SnS 2 and / or WS 2, as filler;optionally up to 5% by weight of pigments;Remainder of the polyamide base, in particular wherein the polyamide base comprises or consists of a mixture of PA6 and PA66, further in particular wherein the mass ratio of PA6:PA66 in the polyamide base is between 4:1 and 5:1, preferably of 4.8:1. In particular, the sliding material comprises 60 wt % PA6 and 12.5 wt % PA66. The fillers are dispersed in particular in the polyamide base.According to a second advantageous embodiment, the polymer base can be a UHMW PE base. The polymer base can thus comprise or consist of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (also referred to as UHMW-PE or PE-UHMW). In this respect, the sliding material can be a UHMW-PE-based sliding material. This does not necessarily mean that the entire polymer base must consist of UHMW-PE. Preferably, however, the polymer base comprises at least 80.0% by weight, in particular at least 90.0% by weight, further in particular at least 95.0% by weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. It is particularly advantageous if the polymer base consists (to the extent of 100%) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This does not exclude that the polymer base has undesirable impurities, in particular up to 1.0% by weight, preferably up to 0.5% by weight, more preferably up to 0.2% by weight.Preferably, the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene has a molecular weight of at least 3.0 million g / mol, in particular of at least 4.0 million g / mol, more particularly of at least 4.5 million g / mol. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a molar mass of more than 4.0 million g / mol, in particular of more than 4.5 million g / mol. In particular, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a molar mass of at most 10.0 million g / mol, in particular of less than 7.0 million g / mol.A UHMW-PE-based sliding material has proven to be comparatively cost-effective in production and easy to process (in particular compared to the known PTFE-based sliding materials). The proposed sliding material based on UHMW-PE is also free of PFAS in particular (i.e. free of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals), which facilitates an environmentally friendly production and disposal. In addition, UHMW-PE as a sliding material has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to good mechanical properties, in particular improved damping properties even at higher operating temperatures, in particular in combination with the use of a thermoplastic elastomer as an intermediate layer.It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the sliding material according to the second embodiment additionally comprises calcium phosphate and / or at least one metal sulfide, in particular SnS 2 and / or WS 2, as filler. The sliding material can comprise further substances as fillers. The sliding material can also consist of the UHMW-PE base and calcium phosphate and / or the at least one metal sulfide. It has been found that, due to the proposed combination of UHMW-PE and calcium phosphate and / or metal sulfide, the friction properties of the sliding material remain largely constant even with progressive wear. A further advantage results from the applicability of the sliding material both in dry running and under oil or grease lubrication. In this way, an area of use is widened compared to only lubricated applicable sliding materials, for example based on PVDF and POM.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the proportion of calcium phosphate, the proportion of metal sulfide or the proportion of a mixture of calcium phosphate and metal sulfide is at most 15% by weight, preferably at most 10.0% by weight, more preferably at most 7.0% by weight, more preferably at most 5.0% by weight, of the sliding material. In particular, the proportion of calcium phosphate, the proportion of metal sulfide or the proportion of a mixture of calcium phosphate and metal sulfide can be 1.0-15.0% by weight, preferably 1.0-10.0% by weight, further preferably 2.0-8.0% by weight, further preferably 3.0-7.0% by weight, further preferably 4.0-6.0% by weight, of the sliding material (based on a total weight of the sliding material).It is conceivable that the sliding material according to the second embodiment comprises calcium phosphate, but no metal sulfide. The proportion of calcium phosphate can then be in particular 1.0-15.0 wt. %, preferably 1.0-10.0 wt. %, more preferably 2.0-8.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0-7.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0-6.0 wt. %, of the sliding material. It is also conceivable that the sliding material comprises at least one metal sulfide, but no calcium phosphate. The proportion of metal sulfide can then be in particular 1.0-15.0% by weight, preferably 1.0-10.0% by weight, further preferably 2.0-8.0% by weight, further preferably 3.0-7.0% by weight, further preferably 4.0-6.0% by weight, of the sliding material.Preferably, the fillers comprise a mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide. A mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2 has been found to be particularly suitable. In this respect, the sliding material can comprise a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2 as fillers. Preferably, a proportion of this mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2 is not more than 15.0 wt %, preferably not more than 10.0 wt %, more preferably not more than 7.0 wt %, more preferably not more than 5.0 wt %. In particular, the proportion of this mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS is 2, 1,0 - 15,0 wt. %, preferably 1.0-10.0 wt. %, more preferably 2.0-8.0 wt. %, more preferably 3.0-7.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.0-6.0 wt. %, more preferably 4.5-5.5 wt. % of the sliding material. In particular, the fillers can be a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2. In this respect, the sliding material can consist of the polymer base and the one mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2.A mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide of the following composition has proven to be preferred (both with respect to the sliding material according to the first embodiment and the sliding material according to the second embodiment):70,0 97.0% by weight calcium phosphate,2,0 20.0 wt% SnS 2,1,0 10.0 wt.% WS 2.The sum of the proportions is 100% by weight (the percentages in this respect relate to the sum of the weights of the three components). Such filler compositions offer particularly good tribological properties, which in particular improve the wear properties.A mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide of the following composition has proven to be particularly preferred (both with respect to the sliding material according to the first embodiment and the sliding material according to the second embodiment).88,0 % by weight calcium phosphate,8,5 Wt% SnS 2,3,5 Wt.% WS 2.Within the scope of a particularly advantageous embodiment of the sliding material according to the second embodiment, the sliding material comprises (details in each case based on a total weight of the sliding material):4.0-6.0 wt.%, preferably 4.5-5.5 wt.%, more preferably 5.0 wt.%, of a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2( preferably with the composition 88.0 wt.% calcium phosphate / 8.5 wt.% SnS 2 / 3,5 wt.% WS 2) as fillerRemainder ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.In some embodiments of the sliding material according to the second embodiment, the fillers may further include BaSO 4. BaSO 4 serves in particular as a solid lubricant. Preferably, the proportion of BaSO 4 is at most 10.0 wt %, more preferably at most 5.0 wt %, more preferably 1.0-10.0 wt %, more preferably 1.0-5.0 wt %, of the sliding material.Within the scope of a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the sliding material according to the second embodiment can consist of 94.0% by weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, 3.0% by weight of a mixture of calcium phosphate and at least one metal sulfide (in particular 3.0% by weight of a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2, preferably with the composition 88.0% by weight of calcium phosphate / 8.5% by weight of SnS 2 / 3,5 % by weight of WS 2) and 3.0% by weight of BaSO 4.In some configurations of the sliding material according to the second embodiment, the fillers can comprise at least one further inorganic filler, in particular boron nitride. A proportion of the further inorganic filler, or of the further inorganic fillers in total, of 0.5-3.0% by weight, in particular 0.5-1.5% by weight, of the sliding material has proven to be advantageous.Additionally or alternatively, the fillers of the sliding material according to the second embodiment may comprise one or more further functional substances. The at least one further functional substance can be selected in particular from the following group of functional substances:reinforcing materials, such as, in particular, carbon fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers (in particular aramid fibers);solid lubricants, such as, in particular, ZnS, graphite, carbon black, or hexagonal BN;plastic particles, such as especially aramid (PPTA), PPSO2, PI and PAI particles, polyacrylate particles (PAR), PBA particles, PBI particles;metal oxides, such as, in particular, Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, CrO 2, TiO 2, CuO, MgO, ZnO;hard material particles, in particular ceramic particles, such as SiC, Si3N4, BC, cubic BN;fluorides, such as especially CaF 2, NaF, AlF 3;layered silicates, such as especially kaolin, mica, wollastonite, talc, silica;metallic fine powders, such as especially bronze and bismuth; andpigments or mixed-phase oxide pigments, such as, in particular, Co-Al, Cr-Sb-Ti, Co-Ti, Fe-Al or Co-Cr.In this context, it may prove to be advantageous if the proportion of the further functional material or the proportion of the plurality of further functional materials in total is at most 5% by weight of the sliding material.Preferably, a proportion of the fillers in the sliding material according to the second embodiment overall amounts (i.e. in total) to at most 25.0% by weight, in particular at most 20.0% by weight, further in particular at most 15.0% by weight, further in particular at most 10.0% by weight, further in particular at most 7.0% by weight of the sliding material. In particular, a proportion of the fillers is 1.0-25.0% by weight, in particular 1.0-20.0% by weight, further in particular 5.0-15.0% by weight, further in particular 3.0-7.0% by weight, further in particular 5.0% by weight, 7.0% by weight or 10.0% by weight of the sliding material. In this respect, the proportion of the polymer base can be in particular 75.0-99.0% by weight, further in particular 80.0-99.0% by weight, further in particular 85.0-95.0% by weight, further in particular 93.0-97.0% by weight, further in particular 90.0% by weight, 93.0% by weight or 95.0% by weight of the sliding material.To improve the electrical conductivity, the aforementioned sliding materials according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment can optionally contain 2 wt % up to 25 wt % of a conductive component, for example carbon black, C fibers or metallic fillers, in particular bronze or aluminum particles.A particularly advantageous slide bearing composite material comprises:a support layer made of steel, preferably ground steel;a sliding layer made of a PFAS-free sliding material based on UHMW-PE, preferably with fillers improving the tribological properties, more preferably with a mixture of calcium phosphate, SnS 2 and WS 2 as fillers;an intermediate layer, arranged between the sliding layer and the supporting layer, made of a PFAS-free intermediate layer material, wherein the intermediate layer material comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, in particular modified by carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride, more particularly modified by maleic anhydride, preferably containing SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer) and polypropylene.The above-described slide bearing composite materials can be used in particular as slide bearing elements. According to a second aspect, a sliding bearing element is also proposed in this respect, which is produced from a sliding bearing composite material of the types described above. The sliding bearing element can be, for example, a sliding strip, a sliding shoe, a sliding pad, a sliding bearing shell, a sliding bearing bush or sleeve. Possible areas of application include, among other things, seat height adjusters for a seat, (door) check valves, front and tailgate hinges, belt tensioners, thrust washers, proportional valves, pedal devices, steering systems, high-voltage protection ("HVC"), and bicycles, in particular suspension forks and dampers. In this respect, a hinge, in particular a door hinge or a front or tailgate hinge, comprising a slide bearing composite material described above, in particular comprising a slide bearing element comprising a slide bearing composite material described above, is also proposed. Furthermore, a seat height adjuster for a seat, a belt tensioner, a thrust washer, a proportional valve, a pedal device, a steering system, a high-voltage protection ("HVC"), a suspension forks for a bicycle and a damper for a bicycle are proposed, each comprising a plain bearing composite material described above.According to a third aspect, a use of an intermediate layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) for connecting a sliding layer, in particular comprising a thermoplastic polymer, to an, in particular metallic, support layer is proposed.According to a fourth aspect, a use of a film made of an interlayer material comprises at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), in particular a film made of TPE, as an adhesive film for bonding a slide film made of a slide material, in particular comprising a thermoplastic polymer, to an, in particular metallic, support layer is proposed.The advantages and optional features described above with respect to the plain bearing composite material can also serve for configuring the uses according to the third and fourth aspects, and therefore reference is made to the above disclosure in this regard in order to avoid repetitions.According to a fifth aspect, a method for producing a slide bearing composite material, in particular a slide bearing composite material described above, is proposed. The method preferably comprises the following steps:providing the support layer;providing a film made of a sliding material, in particular based on polymer;providing a film of an interlayer material comprising at least one TPE;arranging the films such that the film of the interlayer material is arranged between the support layer and the film of the sliding material;connecting the films and the supporting layer under pressure and heat supply, in particular by pressing by means of a hot pressing process and / or a rolling process.According to a sixth aspect, a method for producing a sliding bearing element, for example a sliding bearing collar bush, from a sliding bearing composite material described above is proposed. The method comprises in particular the production of a slide bearing composite material according to the fifth aspect and the subsequent shaping of the slide bearing composite material, in particular forming the slide bearing element (for example the slide bearing collar bush).The advantages and optional features described above with respect to the plain bearing composite material can also serve for the configuration of the method according to the sixth aspect, so that reference is made to the above disclosure in this regard in order to avoid repetitions.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to examples and with reference to the figures. In the drawing, the following are shown: FIG. 1 : shows a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a slide bearing composite material.FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a slide bearing composite material, which is denoted overall by the reference sign 10.The slide bearing composite material 10 comprises a metallic support layer 12 (also referred to as substrate or carrier), an intermediate layer 14 made of an intermediate layer material 16 applied to the support layer 12, and a slide layer 18 made of a slide material 20 applied to the intermediate layer 14.In an advantageous example of such a slide bearing composite material 10, the support layer 12 is made of a steel, in particular ground steel, the slide layer 18 is made of a slide material 20 based on UHMW-PE, optionally with fillers improving the tribological properties, and the intermediate layer material 16 comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, preferably modified by carboxylic acid and / or carboxylic anhydride. Specifically, the interlayer material 16 includes SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer) and polypropylene.The sliding layer 18 can be provided in particular as a film of the sliding material 20. The intermediate layer 14 may also be provided as a film of the intermediate layer material 16.In order to produce a slide bearing composite material 10 described above, it is then possible in particular for the film made of the intermediate layer material 16 to be arranged between the support layer 12 and the film made of the slide material 20 and for the films and the support layer 12 to be connected to one another, in particular by pressing by means of a hot pressing process.

Claims

Slide bearing composite material (10), comprising: - a support layer (12), in particular a metallic support layer; - a slide layer (18) made of a slide material (20), in particular free of PFAS, comprising a thermoplastic polymer; - an intermediate layer (14), arranged between slide layer (18) and support layer (12), made of an intermediate layer material (16), in particular free of PFAS, wherein the intermediate layer material (16) has at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), wherein the intermediate layer material (16) has functional groups, wherein the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of carbonyl groups, ether groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carboxylic acid derivative groups and combinations thereof.The slide bearing composite (10) of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid derivative groups comprise carboxylic acid ester groups and cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups.The slide bearing composite material (10) according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer material (16) has at least one cyclic carboxylic anhydride as functional group, in particular wherein the carboxylic anhydride has the formula wherein A denotes the attachment site via which the carboxylic anhydride is connected to a polymer main chain of the intermediate layer material (16) and wherein n=0-4, preferably n=1 or n=2, particularly preferably n=1.The slide bearing composite (10) of claim 1, wherein the interlayer material (16) comprises a maleic anhydride modified polymer, in particular a maleic anhydride modified TPE.Slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer has functional groups, in particular wherein the functional groups are grafted onto a base polymer of the thermoplastic elastomer.The slide bearing composite (10) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interlayer material (16) comprises an additive polymer in addition to the thermoplastic elastomer, the additive polymer comprising functional groups.The plain bearing composite (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the additive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS).The plain bearing composite material (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of: - TPA (thermoplastic polyamide elastomers); - TPC (thermoplastic copolyester elastomers); - TPO (olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, in particular PP / EPDM); - TPS (thermoplastic styrene block copolymers), in particular SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer), SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer), SEPS (styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene copolymer), SEPS (styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene), or MBS (methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene); TPU (urethane-based thermoplastic elastomers); and TPV (thermoplastic vulcanizates or crosslinked olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, predominantly PP / EPDM), and combinations thereof.The slide bearing composite material (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the intermediate layer material (16), in particular the at least one thermoplastic elastomer, contains SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer) and polypropylene, optionally additionally SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer).Slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer material (16), in particular the at least one thermoplastic elastomer, is electrically conductive, in particular comprises electrically conductive fillers, further in particular carbon black, C-fibers, graphite and / or metallic particles.Slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the slide layer (18) has a layer thickness of 50 μm to 300 μm, preferably of 100 to 200 μm, and wherein the intermediate layer (14) has a layer thickness of 30 μm to 150 μm, preferably of 50 to 100 μm.Slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer (14) is applied directly to the support layer (12), and wherein the slide layer (18) is applied directly to the intermediate layer (14).Slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the slide material (20) is electrically conductive, in particular comprises electrically conductive fillers, further in particular carbon black, C-fibers, graphite and / or metallic particles.The slide bearing composite (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the slide layer (18) is a UHMW-PE-based slide material (20), optionally with fillers improving the tribological properties.Slide bearing composite material (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the slide material (20) additionally comprises a mixture of calcium phosphate, WS 2 and SnS 2 as filler, wherein the proportion of this mixture in the slide material (20) is not more than 15.0 wt.%, preferably not more than 10.0 wt.%, more preferably not more than 7.0 wt.%, more preferably not more than 5.0 wt..The slide bearing composite (10) of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the slide material (20) is a polyamide-based slide material (20), optionally with fillers improving tribological properties.Slide bearing composite material (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the slide material (20) comprises polyethylene having a molar mass of at least 0.5 million g / mol, in particular of at least 1 million g / mol, further in particular of at least 1.5 million g / mol, further in particular of at least 2.0 million g / mol, as filler, wherein the proportion of the polyethylene in the slide material (20) is 2 to 25 wt.-%, in particular 15 to 25 wt.-%, further in particular 18 to 22 wt.-%.Sliding bearing element, produced from a sliding bearing composite material (10) according to one of the preceding claims.Method for producing a slide bearing composite material (10) according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising: - providing a support layer (12); - providing a film of a slide material (20) comprising a thermoplastic polymer; - providing a film of intermediate layer material (16), wherein the intermediate layer material (16) has at least one thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), wherein the intermediate layer material (16) has functional groups, wherein the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of carbonyl groups, ether groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carboxylic acid derivative groups and combinations thereof; - arranging the films such that the film of the intermediate layer material (16) is arranged between the support layer (12) and the film of the slide material (20); connecting the films and the supporting layer (12) under pressure and heat supply, in particular by pressing by means of a hot pressing process and / or a rolling process.

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