Traction battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle

Abstract

A traction battery for a motor vehicle, comprising several battery cells (12), each battery cell (12) having a first electrode (13) serving as a cathode, a second electrode (14) serving as an anode, an electrolyte (15) arranged between the electrodes (13, 14), and a separator (16) also arranged between the electrodes (13, 14). The electrodes (13, 14) have a protective coating (18) in which containers (19) with container walls (20), filled with an organic polymer preservative (21), are embedded, wherein the containers (19) open automatically upon mechanical and / or thermal damage to the protective coating (18) and release the organic polymer preservative (21). The container walls (20) of the containers (19) are mesoporous.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a traction battery of a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with at least one traction battery.

[0002] The structure of a motor vehicle traction battery is well known. A traction battery comprises several battery cells. These battery cells are arranged either directly within the battery housing of the traction battery or indirectly within battery module housings of battery modules of the traction battery, which are positioned within the battery housing.

[0003] The main components of a traction battery cell are an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator. The electrolyte and separator are located between the anode and cathode.

[0004] In a vehicle traction battery, a so-called thermal runaway, which can lead to the battery burning out, must be prevented. Therefore, there is a need for a traction battery with a reduced risk of thermal runaway.

[0005] US 2024 / 0 021 804 A1 shows the basic structure of a battery cell with an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and a separator.

[0006] EP 2 677 591 B1 discloses a secondary battery.

[0007] EP 2 518 819 B1 discloses a negative electrode for a secondary battery which has an organic-inorganic hybrid protective layer comprising a lithium-ion conductive, porous ceramic and a polymer.

[0008] US 2019 / 0051905A1 discloses a secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a porous separator arranged between the anode and the cathode.

[0009] US 2013 / 0 171 484 A1, CN 1 14 361 464 A and CN 1 06 785 126 A reveal further state of the art.

[0010] The object of the invention is to create a novel traction battery for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with at least one such traction battery.

[0011] This problem is solved by a traction battery according to claim 1 and a motor vehicle according to claim 9.

[0012] According to the invention, the electrodes have a protective coating into which containers with container walls, filled with an organic polymer preservative, are embedded. Upon mechanical and / or thermal damage to the protective coating, the containers automatically open and release the organic polymer preservative. The container walls are mesoporous.

[0013] Should damage occur to an electrode of a traction battery according to the invention, namely the protective coating of the electrode, specifically mechanical and / or thermal damage that could lead to an internal short circuit and thus cause thermal runaway of the traction battery, the containers embedded in the protective coating of the respective electrode open automatically and release the organic polymer protective agent contained within them. This organic polymer protective agent exhibits insulating properties and can repair damage to the respective electrode, thereby reducing or even completely preventing the risk of a short circuit and ultimately the risk of thermal runaway of the traction battery.In the event of a defect in an electrode of a traction battery cell, changes caused by thermal propagation at the defect site can open the containers embedded in the protective coating, releasing the organic polymer preservative with insulating properties. This allows the defect at the respective electrode to be immediately protected or repaired, preventing further thermal propagation and thus thermal runaway. Mesoporous container walls are particularly well-suited for containing the organic polymer preservative and for releasing it in the event of a defect at the respective electrode site.

[0014] Preferably, the containers are designed as microcontainers with dimensions in the micrometer range and / or as nanocontainers with dimensions in the nanometer range. Designing the containers as microcontainers and / or nanocontainers is particularly preferred. Containers of this size can be advantageously distributed homogeneously within the protective coating, so that defects occurring at any point on the electrode can be reliably repaired.

[0015] Preferably, the container walls are encapsulated with a polyelectrolyte layer. Encapsulation of the containers filled with the organic polymer preservative is particularly preferred to ensure the organic polymer preservative is safely contained within the containers and to allow for automatic opening of the containers in the event of a defect.

[0016] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, without being limited thereto. The drawing shows: Fig. 1. A schematic view of a motor vehicle with a traction battery, Fig. 2 A schematic view of a battery cell of the traction battery of the motor vehicle.

[0017] Fig. Figure 1 shows a motor vehicle 10 with a traction battery 11.

[0018] The traction battery 11 is a rechargeable battery and has several battery cells 12, wherein Fig. Figure 2 shows a highly schematic representation of the structure of a battery cell 12.

[0019] According to Fig. Figure 2 shows the main components of a battery cell 12: a first electrode 13 serving as a cathode, a second electrode 14 serving as an anode, an electrolyte 15 arranged between the electrodes 13, 14, and a separator 16 also arranged between the electrodes 13, 14. Furthermore, Figure 2 shows Fig. 1 a battery cell housing 17.

[0020] The cathode is preferably a nickel-based cathode.

[0021] The anode is preferably a silicon-based and / or graphite-based anode.

[0022] The electrodes 13, 14 of the battery cell 12 have a protective coating 18, as shown in detail I of the Fig. Figure 2 shows a greatly enlarged section of the protective coating 18.

[0023] Containers 19 are embedded in the protective coating 18, the containers 19 having mesoporous container walls 20 made, for example, of silica or titanium oxide or an inorganic clay such as halloysite. The containers 19 are filled with an organic polymer protective agent 21 and preferably encapsulated with a polyelectrolyte layer 22.

[0024] If damage occurs to an electrode 13, 14 in the area of ​​its protective coating 18, such as mechanical damage and / or thermal damage, the containers 19, namely the encapsulation 22 thereof, open automatically as a result of the onset of thermal propagation and thus automatically release the organic polymer protective agent 21, which automatically repairs the damage to the respective electrode 13, 14 and thus prevents further thermal propagation.

[0025] The containers 19 embedded in the protective coating 18 of the respective electrode 13, 14 and filled with organic polymer protective agent 21 are preferably designed as microcontainers with dimensions in the micrometer range and / or as nanocontainers with a dimension in the nanometer range, wherein, if the containers 19 are spherical or ellipsoidal, they have a diameter in the micrometer range or a diameter in the nanometer range, depending on whether they are designed as microcontainers or nanocontainers.

[0026] Such containers 19 with dimensions in the micrometer or nanometer range are homogeneously distributed in the protective coating 18.

[0027] In the traction battery 11 according to the invention, if the protective coating 18 of the electrodes 13, 14 is damaged, the electrodes 13, 14 are able to repair the damage automatically, thus preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell 12 and consequently of the traction battery 11. For this purpose, the containers 19 with the organic polymer protective agent 21 are embedded in the protective coatings 18 of the electrodes 13, 14, and these containers 19 are preferably encapsulated with a polyelectrolyte layer 22. As already described, the containers 19 preferably consist of silica, alumina, or inorganic clay and have a mesoporous structure.

[0028] If an electrode 13, 14 is damaged, for example by a scratch, a crack, or an elevated temperature, the containers 19 embedded in the protective coating 18 are opened at the defect site due to the onset of thermal propagation. This occurs through the opening of the polyelectrolyte shell 22, and the organic polymer protective agent 21 is automatically released. This automatically protects the defect site again and prevents further thermal propagation. Subsequent temperature normalization allows the polyelectrolyte shell 22 of the container 19 to reseal itself.

[0029] The organic polymer preservative 21 may be polysulfone, polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone, polyurea, polyurea resin or polyaldehyde resin, epoxy resin or crosslinkable polyamide imides.

[0030] The organic polymer preservative 21 can also be grape seed oil or silicone oil, each containing pterostilbene. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 2024 / 0 021 804 A1

[0005] EP 2 677 591 B1

[0006] EP 2 518 819 B1

[0007] US 2019 / 0 051 905 A1

[0008] US 2013 / 0 171 484 A1

[0009] CN 1 14 361 464 A

[0009] CN 1 06 785 126 A

[0009]

Claims

[1] Traction battery (11) of a motor vehicle (10), with multiple battery cells (12), wherein each battery cell (12) has a first electrode (13) serving as a cathode, a second electrode (14) serving as an anode, an electrolyte (15) arranged between the electrodes (13, 14) and a separator (16) also arranged between the electrodes (13, 14), characterized by , that the electrodes (13, 14) bear a protective coating (18), containers (19) having container walls (20) and filled with an organic polymer preservative (21) are embedded in the container walls (20), wherein the containers (19) open automatically upon mechanical and / or thermal damage to the protective coating (18) and release the organic polymer preservative (21), the container walls (20) of the container (19) are mesoporous. [2] Traction battery (11) according to claim 1, characterized by, that the containers (19) are designed as microcontainers with dimensions in the micrometer range and / or as nanocontainers with dimensions in the nanometer range. [3] Traction battery (11) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the containers (19) are spherical or ellipsoidal in shape with a diameter in the micrometer range and / or in the nanometer range. [4] Traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the container walls (20) of the containers (19) are made of silica or titanium dioxide. [5] Traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the container walls (20) of the containers (19) consist of alumina, in particular of halloysite. [6] Traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by , that the container walls (20) of the containers (19) are encapsulated with a polyelectrolyte layer (22). [7] Traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the containers (19) are homogeneously distributed in the protective coating (18). [8] Traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by , that the cathode, which is a nickel-based cathode, the anode is a silicon-based and / or graphite-based anode. [9] Motor vehicle (10) with at least one traction battery (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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