HEAT EXCHANGER

Abstract

Heat exchanger (1;1A;1B;1C) comprising: a heat exchange vessel (2) having inside a heat exchange chamber (20) into which a gas to be cooled or an intermediate medium is filled, and which directly or indirectly performs heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the gas to be cooled in an interior of the heat exchange chamber (20); a tray (23) provided inside the heat exchange chamber (20) which receives a liquefied gas and a separated substance produced by the heat exchanger (1;1A;1B;1C) inside the heat exchange chamber (20);a liquid discharge mechanism that discharges the liquefied gas from the tray (23) into an exterior area of ​​the heat exchange chamber (20), and at least one heat transfer tube (3) inserted into the heat exchange vessel (2), wherein the liquid hydrogen is directed into the heat transfer tube (3), and wherein the at least one heat transfer tube (3) comprises a double-walled vacuum tube (31) defining an inlet section that is inserted into the heat exchange chamber (20), and a single-walled tube (32) defining a section distinct from the inlet section, and wherein the tray (23) is arranged below the at least one heat transfer tube (3) to cover an area located below the single-walled tube (32) that is exposed in the interior of the heat exchange chamber (20).

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure of a heat exchanger that performs a heat exchange between liquid hydrogen and a gas to be cooled. State of the art

[0002] In recent years, research has been conducted into using hydrogen gas as a fuel for internal combustion engines, such as gas turbine engines. Typically, the hydrogen gas is stored in a tank in a liquid state. The liquid hydrogen is vaporized in a vaporizer to produce hydrogen gas, which is then supplied to the combustion chamber (burner) of the internal combustion engine. The cooling effect generated by the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer is extremely low and is released into the surrounding air.

[0003] Natural gas, which is conventionally used as fuel for internal combustion engines such as gas turbine engines, is typically stored in a tank in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) state. The LNG is vaporized in the vaporizer, and the vaporized natural gas is then supplied to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. It is known to utilize the cooling effect generated by the vaporization of the natural gas in the vaporizer. For example, patent document 1 discloses an air cooling device comprising an LNG vaporizer, which vaporizes the LNG by heat exchange between the LNG and an intermediate medium (mixed alcohol), and an air cooler, which cools air by heat exchange between the air and the intermediate medium that has been cooled in the LNG vaporizer. This air cooling device cools the air by utilizing the cooling effect generated by the vaporization of the LNG. List of prior art documents (patent document(s))

[0004] Patent document 1: Japanese patent disclosure no. 2001-116198 Summary of the invention Technical problem

[0005] The normal (standard) boiling point of LNG is approximately -162 °C, while the normal boiling point of liquid hydrogen is approximately -253 °C. Therefore, when an attempt is made to exchange heat between the liquid hydrogen and the air according to the air cooling device disclosed in patent document 1 described above, the following phenomenon occurs due to the fact that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is much lower than that of the LNG. Solution to the problem

[0006] In a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between liquid hydrogen and air, a phenomenon is assumed to occur in which the air, cooled by the heat exchange with the liquid hydrogen, is transformed into a liquefied gas, and moisture, oxygen, nitrogen, or similar substances contained in the air are separated out. Such a phenomenon need not be considered for a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between LNG and air because the normal boiling point of LNG is higher than that of air. If the liquefied gas and the separated substances accumulate in the heat exchanger, the functionality of the heat exchanger may be impaired, or frequent maintenance may be required. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger that is suitablely used to perform heat exchange between liquefied gas and air.

[0007] A heat exchanger of the present invention comprises a heat exchange vessel having inside a heat exchange chamber into which a gas to be cooled or an intermediate medium is filled, and which directly or indirectly performs heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the gas to be cooled in an interior of the heat exchange chamber; a trough provided inside the heat exchange chamber which receives a liquefied gas and a separated substance produced by the heat exchanger inside the heat exchange chamber; and a liquid discharge mechanism which discharges the liquefied gas from the trough into an exterior of the heat exchange chamber.

[0008] According to this heat exchanger, the liquefied gas and the separated substance of the gas to be cooled, which are produced by the heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the gas being cooled, fall into the basin. The liquid discharge mechanism then selectively removes the liquefied gas from the basin and thus from the heat exchange chamber. Therefore, excess liquid gas can be removed from the heat exchange chamber.

[0009] In the heat exchanger described above, the liquid discharge mechanism is preferably designed to discharge the liquefied gas in a state where the deposited substance remains in the basin. According to this configuration, the liquid discharge path for the liquefied gas is not blocked by the deposited substance, since only the liquefied gas is discharged from the basin. This makes it possible to reduce the frequency of problems associated with the liquid discharge mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the heat exchanger described above includes at least one heat transfer tube inserted into the heat exchange vessel, with the liquid hydrogen being fed into the heat transfer tube, and the tray is arranged below the at least one heat transfer tube. According to this configuration, the deposited substance produced can be reliably collected in the tray, since it is highly likely that the deposited substance is generated in the area located near the heat transfer tube.

[0011] In the heat exchanger described above, the at least one heat transfer tube preferably comprises a double-walled vacuum tube defining an inlet section that is inserted into the heat exchange chamber, and a single-walled tube defining a section distinct from the inlet section. The tray is arranged to cover an area located beneath the single-walled tube exposed within the heat exchange chamber. According to this configuration, the deposited substance generated can be reliably collected in the tray, as it is highly likely that the deposited substance is generated in the area near the single-walled tube.

[0012] In the heat exchanger described above, the tray can be located in a bottom section of the heat exchange chamber, and the liquid discharge mechanism can include a drain port that opens in the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber, allowing the liquefied gas that has overflowed from the tray to flow to the drain port, and a drain pipe connected to the drain port. With this configuration, the drain port and drain pipe do not become clogged with the separated substance, as only the liquefied gas from the tray is discharged. This reduces the frequency of problems associated with the liquid discharge mechanism.

[0013] In the heat exchanger described above, the heat exchanger can be an intermediate-medium type heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the gas to be cooled using an intermediate medium. The heat exchange vessel can include an intermediate medium inlet opening in an upper section of the heat exchange chamber, and the basin can be located below a heat exchange tube positioned near the intermediate medium inlet of at least one heat exchange tube. According to this configuration, the liquefied gas and the resulting deposited substance can be reliably collected in the basin, as it is highly likely that the liquefied gas and the deposited substance of the intermediate medium are generated in the area near the heat transfer tube located close to the intermediate medium inlet.

[0014] In the heat exchanger described above, the intermediate medium can be air, oxygen and / or nitrogen.

[0015] In the heat exchanger described above, the gas to be cooled can be dry air, oxygen, nitrogen and / or hydrogen. Advantageous effects of the invention

[0016] According to the present invention, the liquefied gas and the separated substance, which are produced in the heat exchange chamber by heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the gas to be cooled, can be collected in the trough, and the liquefied gas can be released from the trough to the external environment of the heat exchange chamber. Therefore, it becomes possible to implement a heat exchanger suitable for heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the gas to be cooled. Brief description of the drawings

[0017] Fig. Figure 1 is a front sectional view showing the schematic arrangement of a heat exchanger using liquid hydrogen according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Fig. Figure 2 is a top view in section, showing the schematic arrangement of the heat exchanger.

[0019] Fig. Figure 3 is a front sectional view showing the schematic arrangement of a heat exchanger using liquid hydrogen according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0020] Fig. Figure 4 is a front sectional view showing the schematic arrangement of a heat exchanger using liquid hydrogen according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. Figure 5 is a front sectional view showing the schematic arrangement of a heat exchanger using liquid hydrogen according to embodiment 4 of the present invention. Description of the embodiments

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. A heat exchanger of the present invention is designed to exchange thermal energy directly or indirectly between liquid hydrogen (hydrogen at an extremely low temperature) and a gas to be cooled, in order to cool the gas to be cooled and to heat the liquid hydrogen. The gas to be cooled contains, for example, dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, and / or hydrogen. In the embodiments of the present invention described below, dry air is used as an example of the gas to be cooled in order to obtain low-temperature dry air. The dry air is air obtained by removing vapor from moist (wet) air. [Version 1]

[0023] Fig. Figure 1 is a front sectional view showing the schematic arrangement of a heat exchanger. 1 , which uses liquid hydrogen, according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. Figure 2 is a top view in section, showing the schematic arrangement of the heat exchanger. 1 shows. Fig. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the heat exchanger 1 including a first heat transfer pipe 3 , through which the liquid hydrogen is passed, and a second heat transfer pipe 4 , through which the dry air is directed. Fig. Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the heat exchanger 1 including the first heat transfer pipe 3 .

[0024] As in Fig. 1 and Fig. The heat exchanger shown in section 2 contains... 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, a shell 2(an intermediate-medium type heat exchanger vessel) which contains a heat exchange chamber inside 20 for carrying out heat exchange. The shell 2 It is a double-walled, vacuum-insulated container and, due to the vacuum insulation, exhibits high heat retention capacity. It features an intermediate medium inlet. 28 is on the upper section of the shell 2 provided for, while an intermediate medium outlet 29 on the lower section of the shell 2 is planned. The heat exchange chamber 20 It is filled with an intermediate medium. The intermediate medium contains, for example, air, oxygen and / or nitrogen.

[0025] At least one initial heat transfer pipe 3 is in the upper section of the shell 2 deployed. The first heat transfer pipe 3 is inside the heat exchange chamber 20exposed. The liquid hydrogen is supplied from the liquid hydrogen tank (not shown) and passes through the first heat transfer pipe. 3 directed. A section of the first heat transfer pipe 3 , which enters the heat exchange chamber 20 The introduced component consists of a double-walled vacuum tube. 31 with high heat retention capacity due to the negative pressure thermal insulation. A section of the first heat transfer pipe. 3 , which differs from the introductory section, contains a single-walled tube 32 A connecting section (modification section) of the double-walled vacuum pipe 31 and the single-walled pipe 32 is inside the heat exchange chamber 20 arranged. To ensure a sufficient heat transfer surface area of ​​the first heat transfer pipe 3 To guarantee the pipe length of the first heat transfer pipe 3so that the pipe length of the double-walled vacuum pipe 31 is shorter and the pipe length of the single-walled pipe 32 is longer. To increase the heat transfer surface area of ​​the first heat transfer pipe 3 To simplify heat transfer, it is desirable that the first heat transfer pipe be enlarged. 3 inside the shell 2 It is curved at several points and has lamellae (not shown) around its circumference.

[0026] In the single-walled pipe 32 of the first heat transfer pipe 3 and an area near the single-walled pipe 32When the liquid hydrogen enters the first heat transfer tube, an exchange of heat energy occurs between the liquid hydrogen inside the tube and the intermediate medium outside the tube. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the intermediate medium to decrease and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to rise. Thus, the liquid hydrogen, after entering the first heat transfer tube, 3 has been routed from the first heat transfer pipe 3 as liquid hydrogen and / or hydrogen gas is released. The hydrogen gas that comes out of the first heat transfer pipe 3 The material that has been delivered is, for example, sent to a combustion chamber (burner) of a hydrogen gas turbine engine and used as fuel for the hydrogen gas turbine engine.

[0027] At least one second heat transfer pipe 4 is under the first heat transfer pipe 3 into the case 2 installed. The second heat transfer pipe4 is inside the heat exchange chamber 20 Exposed. Dry air is supplied from a dry air source (not shown) and fed into the second heat transfer pipe. 4 directed. The second heat transfer pipe 4 It is primarily formed by a single-walled pipe. To facilitate heat transfer, a second heat transfer pipe can be used. 4 be curved in several places or have lamellae around its circumference.

[0028] In the second heat transfer pipe 4 and an area located near the heat transfer pipe 4 When the pipe is in place, an exchange of heat energy occurs between the dry air inside the pipe and the intermediate medium outside the pipe. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the intermediate medium to rise and the temperature of the dry air to fall. Thus, the dry air, which passes through the second heat transfer pipe, becomes 4has been routed from the second heat transfer pipe 4 as low-temperature dry air in a lower temperature state. The low-temperature dry air that comes from the second heat transfer pipe 4 The hydrogen that has been released is used, for example, as a cooling gas in a low-temperature air separator, cooling air in a brackish water separator, refrigerant in a cooling water cooler, or similar applications. In this way, the cooling effect of the liquid hydrogen evaporation can be used efficiently.

[0029] It is known that the normal (standard) boiling point of hydrogen is about -253 °C, the normal boiling point of oxygen is about -183 °C, the normal melting point of oxygen is about -218 °C, the normal boiling point of nitrogen is about -196 °C, the normal melting point of nitrogen is about -210 °C, and the normal boiling point of air is about -190 °C. The normal boiling point is defined as the boiling point at atmospheric pressure (1 atm = 101325 Pa). The normal melting point is defined as the melting point at atmospheric pressure. For example, in a case where an exchange of thermal energy occurs between the liquid hydrogen at -253 °C and the intermediate medium inlet at atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the intermediate medium will fall below its boiling point temperature, and the intermediate medium will either liquefy or solidify and be separated. Given this, a trough 23in the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber 20 designed to receive the liquefied gas (e.g. liquefied air, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, etc.) produced by cooling and liquefying the intermediate medium, and the separated substance F (e.g. ice, solid nitrogen, solid oxygen, etc.) of the liquefied gas.

[0030] The bathtub 23 features a receiving area that encompasses the entire area where the tub is located 23 with the single-walled pipe 32 , which is inside the heat exchange chamber 20 The exposed area is overlapped in a top view. This assumes that the deposited substance F is formed in an area close to the single-walled tube. 32 of the first heat transfer pipe 3 is, is the tub 23 arranged to cover the entire area under the single-walled pipe 32to cover the area onto which the separated substance F can fall. The tub 23 has a shape in which its circumferential section is higher than the rest of the section in order to prevent the trapped separated substance F of the liquefied gas from escaping the tub 23 to flow.

[0031] In the present embodiment, a dam beam rises. 22 from the floor area of ​​the heat exchange chamber 20 The bathtub 23 is intended as a space separated from the dam beam 22 , the floor area and the wall area of ​​the heat exchange chamber 20 is surrounded. The dam beam 22 is located relative to the connecting section of the double-walled vacuum pipe 31 and the single-walled pipe 32 from the perspective of the center of the heat exchange chamber 20 outside. The stoplog 22 divides the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber 20 into the tub 23and a liquid dispensing section 24 , who is getting out of the tub 23 differs.

[0032] The liquid dispensing section 24 is equipped with a drain connection 25 equipped with a drainpipe that opens inside. 26 is connected to the drain valve 25 connected. The drain pipe 26 is equipped with an on / off valve (opening / closing valve) 27 provided. The dam beam 22 , the drain connection 25 , the drain pipe 26 and the like form a liquid discharge mechanism that releases the liquefied gas that escapes from the heat exchange chamber 20 in the bathtub 23 accumulates, releases in a state in which the deposited substance F is in the tub 23 remains. In this liquid dispensing mechanism, it moves when the liquid level in the tub changes. 23 the dam beam 22 exceeds the liquefied gas in the tub23 over the dam beam 22 out and flows in a state in which the deposited substance F is in the tub 23 remains, in a liquid dispensing section 24 The separated substance F has dissolved into the liquefied gas inside the tray. 23 immersed. Therefore, the deposited substance F is carried away by the dam beam. 22 held back and cannot flow towards the liquid dispensing section 24 (of the drain connection) 25 ) flow. The liquefied gas that enters the liquid dispensing section 24 overflowed, and the liquefied gas of the intermediate medium flowed directly into the liquid discharge section 24 has fallen, will be drained through the drain connection 25 and the drain pipe 26 into an outdoor area of ​​the tub 2 released. In this way, the liquefied gas and the separated substance F, which are in the tub, are released. 23Once trapped, the liquefied gas is selectively released. This makes it possible to reduce the frequency of the problem associated with the liquid release mechanism, namely the problem of the release channel (the drain port) becoming clogged. 25 and the drain pipe 26 ) of the liquefied gas is blocked with the separated substance F. [Version 2]

[0033] Next, embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. Fig. Figure 3 is a front sectional view showing the schematic configuration of a heat exchanger. 1A, which uses liquid hydrogen, according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the drawing, which is referenced for the description of the present embodiment, the elements that are identical or similar to those of embodiment 1 described above are provided with the same reference numerals and are not described repeatedly.

[0034] As in Fig. The heat exchanger shown in section 3 contains... 1A according to embodiment 2, not the intermediate medium inlet 28 , the intermediate medium outlet 29 and at least one second heat transfer pipe 4 of the embodiment described above 1. Instead, the heat exchanger contains 1A According to embodiment 2, at least one air supply connection 41 , which opens at a point above the first heat transfer pipe 3 located within the heat exchange chamber 20located, and at least one low-temperature dry air outlet opening 42 , which opens at a point below the first heat transfer pipe 3 located within the heat exchange chamber 20 is located.

[0035] In the heat exchanger 1A With the configuration described above, this occurs when the liquid hydrogen enters the first heat transfer tube. 3 is directed and the air passes through the supply connection 41 into the heat exchange chamber 20 is introduced into the single-walled pipe 32 of the first heat transfer pipe 3 and an area located near the single-walled pipe 32Heat exchange occurs between the liquid hydrogen inside the pipe and the air outside. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to rise and the temperature of the air to fall. Due to the decrease in air temperature, some of the air is converted into liquefied air (liquefied gas). Additionally, some of the liquefied air solidifies into the deposited substance F. The liquefied air and the deposited substance F fall into the basin. 23 and are absorbed into it. The separated substance F contains moisture in the air. The moisture is extracted from the air that enters the heat exchange chamber. 20 has been introduced, and as a result, the heat exchange chamber 20 The air supplied is converted into low-temperature dry air (dry air in a low-temperature state). As described above, this occurs in the heat exchanger.1A the liquid hydrogen that enters the first heat transfer pipe 3 has been routed from the first heat transfer pipe 3 as liquid hydrogen and / or hydrogen gas, while the air that passes through the supply connection 41 into the heat exchange chamber 20 has been introduced from the delivery connection 42 is released as low-temperature dry air, which is in a lower temperature state and is dried. [Version 3]

[0036] Next, the embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. Figure 4 is a front sectional view showing the schematic configuration of a heat exchanger. 1B, which uses liquid hydrogen, according to embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the drawing, which is referenced for the description of the present embodiment, the elements that are identical or similar to those of embodiment 1 described above are designated by the same reference numerals and are not described repeatedly.

[0037] As in Fig. Figure 4 shows the heat exchanger. 1B according to embodiment 3, the tub 2 not with the intermediate medium inlet 28 and the intermediate medium outlet 29 the embodiment 1 described above. Instead, the heat exchanger contains 1B According to embodiment 3, at least one air supply connection 41 , which opens at a point located above the first heat transfer pipe 3 located within the heat exchange chamber 20is located, and has at least one dry air outlet. 42 , which is located at a point that is in a vertical direction between the first heat transfer pipe 3 and the second heat transfer pipe 4 lies, with the first and second heat transfer pipe 3 , 4 within the heat exchange chamber 20 are arranged. The delivery connection 42 is connected to the inlet of the second heat transfer pipe 4 tied together.

[0038] In the heat exchanger 1B With the configuration described above, this occurs when the liquid hydrogen enters the first heat transfer tube. 3 is directed and the air passes through the supply connection 41 into the heat exchange chamber 20 is introduced into the single-walled pipe 32 of the first heat transfer pipe 3 and an area located near the single-walled pipe 32A heat exchange occurs between the liquid hydrogen inside the pipe and the air outside. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to rise and the temperature of the air to fall. Due to the decrease in air temperature, some of the air is converted into liquefied air (liquefied gas). Additionally, some of the liquefied air solidifies into the deposited substance F. The liquefied air and the deposited substance F fall into the basin. 23 and are absorbed therein. The separated substance F contains moisture in the air. The moisture is taken from the air entering the heat exchange chamber. 20 has been initiated, withdrawn, and as a result, the heat exchange chamber is removed. 20 The incoming air is converted into low-temperature dry air. The dry air then flows through the outlet. 42from inside the heat exchange chamber 20 and flows into the second heat transfer pipe 4 Since the second heat transfer pipe 4 below the discharge point 42 is arranged, is the temperature of the dry air that is present in an area located near the second heat transfer pipe. 4 is located slightly lower than that of the dry air coming through the outlet. 42 into the second heat transfer pipe 4 flows. In the second heat transfer pipe 4 and an area located near the second heat transfer pipe 4When the pipe is located, an exchange of heat energy occurs between the dry air inside the pipe and the dry air outside the pipe. Thus, the temperature of the dry air outside the pipe increases, while the temperature of the dry air inside the pipe continues to decrease.

[0039] As described above, the heat exchanger 1B the liquid hydrogen that enters the first heat transfer pipe 3 has been initiated from the first heat transfer pipe 3 as liquid hydrogen and / or hydrogen gas, while the air that passes through the supply connection 41 into the heat exchange chamber 20 has been initiated from the second heat transfer pipe 4 when the low-temperature dry air is released, which is in a lower temperature state and is dried. [Version 4]

[0040] Next, embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described. Fig. Figure 5 is a front sectional view showing the schematic configuration of a heat exchanger. 1C , which uses liquid hydrogen, according to embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the drawing, which is referenced for the description of the present embodiment, the elements that are identical or similar to those of embodiment 1 described above are designated by the same reference numerals and are not described repeatedly.

[0041] As in Fig. The 5 shown are in the heat exchanger 1C According to embodiment 4, at least two first heat transfer tubes arranged in a vertical direction, which include at least one first heat transfer tube 3 ( 3A ) on an upper side and at least one first heat transfer pipe 3 ( 3B) on a lower side, into the cover 2 deployed. The first heat transfer pipe 3A on the upper side in the upper section of the heat exchange chamber 20 and near the intermediate medium inlet 28 arranged. The first heat transfer pipe 3B On the lower side, in the vertical direction, between the first heat transfer pipe... 3A and the second heat transfer pipe 4 arranged. Additionally, the heat exchanger 1C with a bathtub 51 provided with the deposited substance F of the intermediate medium, which is deposited in an area located near the first heat transfer tube 3A located on the upper side, it absorbs. The tub 51 is preferably in the vertical direction between the first heat transfer pipe 3A on the upper side and the first heat transfer pipe 3BLocated on the lower side. The tub 51 is equipped with a drain connection 52 provided, through which only the liquefied gas from the upper part of the tub escapes. 51 is dispensed. A drainpipe 53 with an on / off valve (opening / closing valve) 54 is connected to the drain valve 52 connected. The drain connection 52 and the drain pipe 53 They form a liquid dispensing mechanism that releases the liquefied gas from the tub. 51 into the exterior of the heat exchange chamber 20 in a state in which the deposited substance F is in the tub 51 remains, hands over.

[0042] In the heat exchanger 1C With the configuration described above, this occurs when the liquid hydrogen enters the first heat transfer pipes. 3 ( 3A , 3BAs the heat transfer fluid is conducted, an exchange of heat energy occurs between the intermediate medium and the liquid hydrogen. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the intermediate medium to decrease and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to rise. In a region located near the first heat transfer tube, this process is characterized by a high temperature of approximately 100°C (10°C) and a higher temperature of 10°C (10°C). 3A Located at the top, the intermediate medium is converted into liquefied gas, and a portion of the liquefied gas is converted into the deposited substance F. The deposited substance F and the liquefied gas fall into the tray. 51 In this way, the separated substance F and the liquefied gas are placed in the tub. 51 collected. When the liquid level of the tub 51 As the pressure increases, the on / off valve will be adjusted. 54 opened. The separated substance F has dissolved into the liquefied gas in the tray. 51 immersed. Therefore, only the liquefied gas from the drain connection is released. 52, which is located in the upper section of the tub 51 opens, through the drain pipe 53 released and the separated substance F remains in the tub 51 This makes it possible to prevent the drain connection from 52 and the drain pipe 53 become clogged with the deposited substance F.

[0043] As described above, the deposited substance F of the liquefied gas of the intermediate medium is deposited in the area located near the first heat transfer tube. 3A located on the upper side. Therefore, the deposited substance F is not generated from the intermediate medium present in an area near the first heat transfer tube. 3B located on the lower side. For this reason, it is generally not necessary to remove the tub. 23 in the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber 20to provide for. However, in a case where the intermediate medium contains a large amount of components that are converted into the deposited substance F, or where it is likely that the deposited substance F is generated from the intermediate medium present in the area near the first heat transfer tube. 3B located on the lower side, the tub 23 in the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber 20 be planned.

[0044] Furthermore, an exchange of heat energy occurs between the intermediate medium, which has been cooled by heat exchange with the liquid hydrogen, and the dry air that enters the second heat transfer tube. 4 The heat exchanger is conducted to the air. This heat exchange causes the temperature of the intermediate medium to rise and the temperature of the dry air to fall. As described above, this process occurs in the heat exchanger. 1Cthe liquid hydrogen that enters the first heat transfer pipes 3 has been introduced, released as liquid hydrogen and / or hydrogen gas, while the dry air, which enters the second heat transfer pipe 4 This process is initiated when low-temperature dry air is released in a lower temperature state.

[0045] In the heat exchanger 1C The first heat transfer pipe contains 3 the first heat transfer pipe 3A on the upper side and the first heat transfer pipe 3B on the lower side, which are arranged in the vertical direction, and the tub 51 is below the first heat transfer pipe 3A located on the upper side. However, the design of the first heat transfer pipes is 3 and the bathtub 51 not limited to the above. The intermediate medium, which passes through the intermediate medium inlet 28into the heat exchange chamber 20 The fluid introduced tends to be deposited in the area near the first heat transfer pipe. 3 is located that first touches the intermediate medium. In view of this, it suffices that the tub 51 is located at a point near the intermediate medium inlet 28 and below the first heat transfer pipe 3 is located, which is the intermediate medium that enters the heat exchange chamber 20 was initiated, first touched.

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The configuration described above can be modified, for example, as described below.

[0047] Although in the above-described embodiments of the heat exchanger 1A heat exchanger of a shell and tube type (or a shell and finned tube type) is the type of heat exchanger. 1 not limited to that.

[0048] Although in the embodiments described above the interior of the heat exchange chamber 20 when at atmospheric pressure, the interior of the heat exchange chamber 20 be pressurized.

[0049] Although in the embodiments described above the tubs 23 , 51 into the tub 2 are integrated, the tubs can 23 , 51 independently trained and from the bathtub 2 It should be removable. Reference symbol list 1 heat exchanger 2 tubs (heat exchangers) 3 First heat transfer pipe 31 Double-walled vacuum tube 32 Single-walled pipe 4 Second heat transfer pipe 20 Heat exchange chamber 22 stoplogs 23 bathtubs 24 Liquid Dispensing Section 25 Drain hole 26 Drain pipe 27 On / Off Valve 28 Admission 29 Outlet 51 bathtub 52 Drainage opening 53 Drain pipe 54 On / Off Valve

Claims

[1] Heat exchanger containing: a heat exchanger container which has inside a heat exchange chamber into which a gas to be cooled or an intermediate medium is filled, and which directly or indirectly carries out heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the gas to be cooled inside the heat exchange chamber; a trough provided inside the heat exchange chamber that receives a liquefied gas and a separated substance produced by the heat exchanger inside the heat exchange chamber; and a liquid discharge mechanism that releases the liquefied gas from the tub into an exterior area of ​​the heat exchange chamber. [2] Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the liquid discharge mechanism is designed to discharge the liquefied gas in a state in which the separated substance remains in the tub. [3] Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: at least one heat transfer tube inserted into the heat exchanger, wherein the liquid hydrogen is fed into the heat transfer tube, and wherein the tub is arranged below the at least one heat transfer pipe. [4] Heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the at least one heat transfer tube comprises a double-walled vacuum tube defining an inlet section that is inserted into the heat exchange chamber, and a single-walled tube defining a section that is different from the inlet section, and wherein the tray is arranged to cover an area located below the single-walled pipe exposed inside the heat exchange chamber. [5] Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tub is arranged in a bottom section of the heat exchange chamber, and wherein the liquid discharge mechanism includes a drain port which opens in the bottom section of the heat exchange chamber so that the liquefied gas which has overflowed from the tub flows to the drain port, and a drain pipe which is connected to the drain port. [6] Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat exchanger is an intermediate-medium type heat exchanger that carries out the heat exchange between the liquid hydrogen and the gas to be cooled using an intermediate medium, wherein the heat exchange vessel includes an intermediate medium inlet that opens in an upper section of the heat exchange chamber, and wherein the tub is arranged below a heat exchanger tube located near the intermediate medium inlet of the at least one heat exchanger tube. [7] Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the intermediate medium is air, oxygen and / or nitrogen. [8] Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the gas to be cooled is dry air, oxygen, nitrogen and / or hydrogen.