Connection arrangement with a flat cable

Abstract

Connection arrangement (101), comprising: - a composite disc (100) consisting of a first disc (3) and a second disc (4) joined by an intermediate layer (5), - an electrically conductive structure (7) arranged on or between the first disk (3) and the second disk (4), - a first flat cable (1, 1') with at least one electrical conductor (1.1, 1.1'), - a second flat cable (2, 2') with at least one electrical conductor (2.1, 2.1'), wherein the second flat cable (2, 2') is arranged outside the composite disk (100), where the first flat cable (1.1') and the second flat cable (2.2') each - a first connection area (1.2, 1.2', 2.2, 2.2') with a first contact point (1.3, 1.3', 2.3, 2.3') of at least one conductor track (1.1, 1.1', 2.1, 2.1') ​​at a first end (1.4, 1.4', 2.4, 2.4') and - a second connection area (1.5, 1.5', 2.5, 2.5') with a second contact point (1.3, 1.3', 2.3, 2.3') which has at least one conductor track (1.1, 1.1', 2.1, 2.1') ​​at a second end (1.6, 1.6', 2.6, 2.6') and wherein the first flat cable (1) and the second flat cable (2) are flexible and wherein the first flat cable (1, 1') is electrically connected to the electrically conductive structure (7), and wherein the first flat cable (1,1') is led out of the composite disk (100) and is electrically connected to the second flat cable (2,2') outside the composite disk (100).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a connection arrangement with a composite disc and a first flat cable.

[0002] Flat cables are widely used in vehicle construction. Flexible flat cables, in particular, are referred to as flat conductors, ribbon conductors, or foil conductors and are used to establish a movable electrical contact. To lead a flexible cable connection as an external connection from the interior of, for example, a composite pane, these flat cables are usually used. They consist of at least one thin carrier substrate and at least one metallic conductor track. A cover layer can also be provided, so that the flat cable as a whole is formed from a three-layer laminate. Such flat cables are soldered to connection surfaces of an electrically conductive structure close to the edge of the composite pane and led out over this edge, where they are connected to a connection part, for example a round cable, at a distance from the edge of the composite pane.

[0003] In practice, flat cables are predominantly used, which feature a multitude of electrical conductors. These electrical conductors are very thin, ranging in thickness from 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm. The conductors are made of copper, for example, which has proven itself due to its good electrical conductivity and easy processing. At the same time, the material costs are relatively low.

[0004] Such flat cables have a first connection area for contacting an electrical component, for example a functional element located in a composite pane. At the other end of the flat cable, which extends out of the composite pane, they have a second connection area. The second connection area is intended for contacting an external connection part. The connection part (e.g. terminal) typically has pre-assembled connectors such as plugs or sockets on one side, with which the flat cable can be connected to external electrical devices. Since the flat cable connections must extend into the area between two panes of the composite pane, the connections are made when the two panes and an intermediate layer are put together in a dust-free clean room area.It cannot be ruled out that connecting parts may introduce material or dust particles into the cleanroom, which could contaminate or damage the laminated pane. Therefore, during the production of laminated panes with a functional element and connecting part, it may happen that such laminated panes and their connections become damaged or contaminated during production in the autoclave. Due to mechanical and thermal stress, the connecting part or the flat cable may also be damaged. This is disadvantageous from a manufacturing and economic perspective.

[0005] The functional element is specifically designed as an electro-optical functional element and embedded in the interlayer of the laminated pane. During the production of the laminated pane, the functional element is cut to the desired size and shape and inserted between the interlayer films. Typical interlayers are polyvinyl butyral films, which, in addition to their adhesive properties, exhibit high toughness and high acoustic damping.

[0006] Such composite panes are glazing elements that contain the optoelectric functional element. The electro-optical functional element typically contains an active layer between two surface electrodes. The optical properties of the active layer can be modified by a voltage applied to the surface electrodes. One example of this is electrochromic functional elements. Another example is SPD (suspended particle device) or PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) functional elements, which are known, for example, from EP 0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1. The transmission of visible light through electrochromic or SPD / PDLC functional elements can be controlled by applying a voltage to the surface electrodes.

[0007] WO 2021156485 A1 discloses a connection arrangement comprising a composite pane with a functional element and a flexible flat cable, which contacts the functional element in the composite pane with its first and second connection regions. The flat cable is led out of the composite pane so that its third connection region is arranged outside the composite pane.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of providing a connection arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which is simple and cost-effective to manufacture.

[0009] This object is achieved by the invention defined in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the subclaims.

[0010] The connection arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one composite pane with at least one electrically conductive structure, a first flat cable with at least one electrical conductor track, and a second flat cable with at least one electrical conductor track, wherein the first flat cable is electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure. The first flat cable extends out of the composite pane and is electrically conductively connected to the second flat cable outside the composite pane. The second flat cable is arranged outside the composite pane.

[0011] The composite pane comprises a first pane and a second pane connected by an intermediate layer, as well as the at least one electrically conductive structure arranged on or between the first pane and the second pane.

[0012] The particular advantage of the invention is that the connection arrangement is simple and cost-effective to manufacture. The lamination of the first pane and the second pane with the intermediate layer and the first flat cable to form a composite pane can be carried out without the second flat cable, since the second flat cable is located outside the composite pane. This enables particularly simple handling of the composite pane during production in a clean room. Thus, the second flat cable with its connection part does not interfere with the production of the composite pane during the arrangement of the electrical structure and the first flat cable on the first pane or during the lamination of the two panes. The production of the connection arrangement is therefore faster and trouble-free.Manufacturing does not require any additional personnel costs and plant costs and investments can be saved because damage and contamination (especially in clean rooms) caused by bulky connecting parts are advantageously avoided.

[0013] The first flat cable serves for electrical connection to at least one electrical structure. The at least one conductor track of the first flat cable is in particular galvanically connected to the electrically conductive structure. The first flat cable and the second flat cable can each comprise a plurality of electrical conductor tracks, on which an electrical insulation layer made of plastic is arranged at least on one side. The electrical conductor tracks are advantageously encased in an electrical insulation sheath. The first flat cable and the second flat cable can have up to 20 conductor tracks.

[0014] The first flat cable and the second flat cable each have a first connection region with a first contact point of the at least one conductor track at a first end along the direction of extension of the flat cable and a second connection region with a second contact point of the at least one conductor track at a second end.

[0015] In particular, the second connection area of ​​the first flat cable can be arranged opposite the second connection area of ​​the second flat cable. After the composite pane has been manufactured, the second flat cable can be electrically connected to the first flat cable without contaminating or disrupting the composite pane manufacturing process. The second flat cable can be arranged entirely outside the composite pane. Thus, the second connection area of ​​the first flat cable and the second connection area of ​​the second flat cable are arranged opposite each other, so that the contact points are in contact.

[0016] The first flat cable and / or the second flat cable is / or is each an elongated electrical component with at least one conductor track whose width is significantly greater than its thickness. The first flat cable and the second flat cable can be so thin (i.e. the thickness is so small) that they are flexible, in particular bendable. A flexible flat cable is a flat body with two opposite sides that can be made either flat or curved. In the flat (i.e. non-curved) state, the flat cable is arranged in a plane. The first flexible flat cable is generally elongated and has two ends along its direction of extension. The relatively small thickness of the flat cable offers a further advantage, as it can be laid in tighter radii and at the same time can extend around a pane edge into the composite sheath.

[0017] The electrical conductor tracks are arranged adjacent to one another, at least in sections. Each electrical conductor track can be electrically contacted at two contact points spaced apart along the track. The contact points are areas of the conductor tracks where electrical contact is possible. In the simplest design, these are accessible areas of the electrical conductor tracks.

[0018] The connection areas of the first flat cable and the second flat cable serve to electrically contact the conductor tracks. For this purpose, the insulating sheath is absent or removed at least at the contact points, so that the conductor tracks are accessible. The contact points of the conductor tracks in the first connection area and the second connection area are preferably located on the same side of the first and second flat cables, respectively. This is typically the case when the electrical conductor tracks are applied to a carrier substrate, for example, by printing, so that only openings (perforations) in the cover layer can be formed without damaging the conductor tracks.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the first and / or the second flat cable, the electrical conductor tracks are applied to an electrically insulating carrier substrate and thus firmly connected to the carrier substrate. For example, the carrier substrate is coated with the electrical conductor tracks, in particular by a printing process, for example a screen printing process. In addition, the electrical conductor tracks are covered by an electrically insulating cover layer. The carrier substrate and the cover layer together form the insulating sleeve which encloses the electrical conductor tracks. In this embodiment, the first connection region and the second connection region preferably have no insulating layer only on the side facing away from the carrier substrate, at least at the contact points, i.e. the cover layer is removed there, e.g. provided with one or more openings (perforations).

[0020] According to a further embodiment of the first and / or second flat cable, the electrical conductor tracks are prefabricated, for example, as strips of metal foil, and laminated between two insulating layers of electrically insulating material. The insulating layers together form the insulating sheath that embeds the at least one electrical conductor track. In this embodiment, the first connection region and the second connection region preferably have no insulating layer on only one side, at least at the contact points.

[0021] The at least one electrical conductor preferably contains or consists of a metallic material, for example, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, tin, gold, silver, or alloys thereof. If the electrical conductors are manufactured as strips of metal foil, the metal can be partially or completely tinned. This is particularly advantageous for achieving good solderability while simultaneously providing corrosion protection. Furthermore, contacting with an electrically conductive adhesive is improved.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the electrical conductor tracks have a thickness of 10 µm to 300 µm, preferably 35 µm to 250 µm, and in particular 75 µm to 100 µm. Such thin conductor tracks are particularly flexible and can, for example, be easily laminated into and led out of composite panes.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the electrical conductor tracks have a width of 0.1 mm to 100 mm, in particular of 1 mm to 50 mm, and in particular of 10 mm to 30 mm. Such widths are particularly suitable for achieving sufficient current-carrying capacity in conjunction with the aforementioned thicknesses.

[0024] The width of the first and / or second flat cable can be constant or vary. In particular, the first and / or second flat cable can be widened in the region of the first connection area and / or the second connection area, for example, only in the region of the second connection area.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the first flat cable and the second flat cable have a length of 5 cm to 150 cm, preferably 10 cm to 100 cm, and in particular 50 cm to 90 cm. The first flat cable and the second flat cable can each have a total thickness of 35 µm to 300 µm [micrometers], preferably 50 µm to 150 µm, and in particular 70 µm to 100 µm. It is understood that the length, width, and thickness of the flat cable can be adapted to the requirements of each individual case.

[0026] For the first and second flat cables, the length direction defines the extension direction. The length and width directions define the first side and the second side, opposite the first side. For example, the first side can also be called the top side of the flat cable, and the second side can also be called the bottom side. The first end and the second end are the opposite ends (end regions) of the flat conductor in the extension direction.

[0027] The first flat cable and the second flat cable have an insulating layer on one or both sides, which is designed, for example, in the form of an insulating film. The insulating layer is firmly connected to the electrical conductor tracks and, for example, glued. The insulating layer preferably contains or consists of polyimide or polyester, particularly preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The insulating layer can also consist of an electrically insulating varnish, preferably a polymer varnish. The insulating layer can also contain or consist of thermoplastics and elastomers such as polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polybutylene terephthalate, or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber. Alternatively, encapsulating materials such as acrylate or epoxy resin systems can be used as the insulating layer.

[0028] The insulation layer preferably has a thickness of 10 µm to 300 µm, particularly preferably 25 µm to 200 µm, and especially 50 µm to 150 µm. The insulation layer is bonded to the conductor tracks, for example, via an adhesive layer (e.g., epoxy). The thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, 10 µm to 150 µm, and particularly preferably 25 µm to 75 µm. Such insulation layers are particularly suitable for electrically insulating and mechanically stabilizing the conductor tracks, as well as protecting them from mechanical damage and corrosion.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment of the first flat cable and the second flat cable, the one or more conductor tracks are completely encased by the insulating sheath, i.e., an insulating layer is located on both sides of the flat cable, with the two insulating layers together forming the insulating sheath. The insulating sheath can consist, in particular, of the aforementioned carrier substrate and the cover layer. The insulating sheath can also be formed by laminating the conductor tracks with two insulating layers on both sides. Such flat cables with at least one insulating layer are so thin that they can be easily embedded between the individual panes in the thermoplastic intermediate layer of a composite pane and can be led out of this.The first flat cable is particularly suitable for contacting electrically conductive structures in composite panes, in particular opposing surface electrodes of an electro-optical functional element.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the first flat cable and the second flat cable have no insulating layer or other electrical insulation on one side in the first connection area and the second connection area. This enables simple electrical and, in particular, galvanic contacting of the flat cable. It is understood that the connection areas can be protected against corrosion by an electrically conductive coating, such as tinning, or an electrically non-conductive layer, such as soldering ink. This protective layer is usually only removed, burned, or otherwise penetrated during electrical contacting to enable electrical contact. In an advantageous embodiment, the contact points are designed as solder contact points.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, one or more perforations in the insulation layer are provided in the first connection area and / or the second connection area. The perforation extends completely onto the conductor track, i.e., it forms a material-free passage to the conductor track.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the first flat cable can have a base section containing the first connection region and at least one strip-shaped section connected to the base section, which contains a third connection region, wherein the strip-shaped section can be folded or folded over such that the third connection region faces the first connection region. In this case, the first connection region can be electrically conductively connected, in particular galvanically, to one electrically conductive structure and the third connection region can be electrically conductively connected to another electrically conductive structure. The first flat cable then comprises a plurality of electrical conductor tracks. In this case, the first flat cable serves for the electrical connection to at least two electrical structures, which are preferably arranged opposite one another and are to be electrically contacted from two opposite sides (directions).

[0033] An electrical connection between the connection areas of the first flat cable and the electrically conductive structure is preferably established by soldering. When soldering, soft soldering with a low-melting solder is preferred. Alternatively, the electrically conductive connection can be established by bonding with an electrically conductive adhesive or clamping, for example, using a metallic clip, sleeve, or plug connection. Inside the composite pane, the electrical contact can be established by direct contact between the electrically conductive areas, with this arrangement being firmly laminated into the composite pane and thus secured against slipping.

[0034] The first flat cable can be electrically connected to the second flat cable via a soldered, pressure-sealed, joined, or adhesive connection. An electrical contact element can be provided in a pressure-sealed or joined connection. The contact element can be designed, for example, according to a snap fastener principle. The contact element can be a snap fastener constructed in two parts, with one snap fastener part being arranged on the first flat cable and a second snap fastener part being arranged on the second flat cable. The first snap fastener part can be designed or fastened detachably to the second snap fastener part. Furthermore, the joined connection can, in particular, be a crimp connection, in which the first flat cable is connected to the second flat cable by deformation (e.g., squeezing, crimping, folding).

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment of the connection arrangement, the second connection region of the second flat cable has a solder mass for forming an electrically conductive connection with the at least one contact point of the first flat cable.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the connection arrangement, the second connection region of the second flat cable comprises an adhesive tape for adhering the second flat cable to the first flat cable. Alternatively or additionally, the second connection region of the first flat cable can comprise an adhesive tape for adhering the first flat cable to the second flat cable.

[0037] In a further advantageous embodiment of the connection arrangement, the first flat cable and the second flat cable are geometrically congruent, in particular identical, with the second connection region of the first flat cable and the second connection region of the second flat cable having a different orientation. In particular, the second connection region of the first flat cable and the second connection region of the second flat cable are geometrically congruent.

[0038] In a further embodiment, the first connection region of the second flat cable is provided for connection to control electronics. The first connection region of the second flat cable can be electrically conductively connected to a connection part, in particular designed as a round cable. The first connection region of the second flat cable can be located inside a cable housing into which one end of the connection part is inserted. In particular, the second flat cable can be soldered to the connection part. At the other end of the connection part there can be a terminal designed as a plug or socket, which can be connected to external electronics (e.g. control electronics). The cable housing is made of polyamide, for example, and serves to electrically insulate the connection between the second flat conductor and the connection part. The connection part is preferably soldered to the flat conductor using lead-free solder.

[0039] The electrically conductive structure is preferably a surface electrode, a bus bar, an antenna, a conductor loop of an alarm system, or can be an electrically conductive coating configured as a surface electrode, a conductor element, or an antenna. Such electrically conductive coatings contain one or more electrically conductive, functional layers of silver, gold, copper, nickel, or chromium, or a metal alloy.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive structure can be a surface electrode of a functional element arranged in the composite pane. The functional element can be flat. Such a functional element can be a photovoltaic module, preferably a thin-film photovoltaic module. Alternatively, the electrically conductive structure can be the surface electrode of a functional element with electrically switchable or controllable optical properties, for example, an SPD (suspended particle device), PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), PNLC (polymer network liquid crystal), electrochromic, or electroluminescent functional element.The surface electrodes contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conductive oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO), for example silver, molybdenum, indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, and have layer thicknesses of, for example, 200 nm to 2 µm.

[0041] The functional element, in particular an electro-optical one, is preferably provided as a multilayer film with two outer carrier films. In such a multilayer film, the surface electrodes and the active layer are arranged between the two carrier films. The term "outer carrier film" here means that the carrier films form the two surfaces of the multilayer film. The functional element can thus be provided as a laminated film that can be advantageously processed. The functional element is advantageously protected from damage, in particular corrosion, by the carrier films. The multilayer film contains, in the specified order, at least a first carrier film, a first surface electrode, an active layer, a second surface electrode, and a second carrier film.

[0042] In a further advantageous embodiment, the functional element can be divided into segments by insulation lines. The insulation lines are particularly incorporated into the surface electrodes so that the segments of the surface electrode are electrically insulated from one another. The individual segments of the surface electrode can be connected independently of one another via a connection area and the first flat cable and second flat cable to an external voltage source so that they can be controlled separately in the operating state. A segment of the functional element has two connection areas. Each connection area has a contact. In this way, for example, different areas of the functional element, e.g. as a sun visor, can be switched independently.

[0043] The functional element is integrated via an intermediate layer between the first pane and the second pane of the composite pane. The intermediate layer preferably comprises a first thermoplastic composite film as an adhesive layer, which connects the functional element to the first pane, and a second thermoplastic composite film as an adhesive layer, which connects the functional element to the second pane. Typically, the intermediate layer is formed by at least the first and second thermoplastic composite films, which are arranged flat on top of one another and laminated to one another, with the functional element being inserted between the two layers. The areas of the composite films that overlap with the functional element then form the areas that connect the functional element to the panes.In other areas of the pane, where the thermoplastic composite films are in direct contact with each other, they may fuse during lamination to such an extent that the two original layers may no longer be recognizable, resulting in a homogeneous intermediate layer. The first thermoplastic composite film and the second thermoplastic composite film as an intermediate layer or adhesive layer preferably contain at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or polyurethane (PU), particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of each thermoplastic composite film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, in particular from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, for example 0.38 mm.

[0044] The first pane and the second pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably soda-lime glass, as is common for window panes. However, the panes can also be made of other types of glass, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass, or of rigid, clear plastics, such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The panes can be clear, tinted, or colored. If the laminated pane is used as a windshield, it should have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A according to ECE-R43.

[0045] The first pane, the second pane and / or the intermediate layer may have further suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

[0046] The thickness of the first pane and the second pane can vary widely and thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The first pane and the second pane advantageously have standard thicknesses of 0.7 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm for vehicle glass and preferably from 4 mm to 25 mm for furniture, appliances, and buildings, in particular for electric radiators. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on the size of the inventive use. The first and second panes have areas of 200 cm, for example, which are common in vehicle construction and architecture. 2 up to 20 m 2on.

[0047] A method for producing a connection arrangement according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) providing a first pane with at least one electrically conductive structure, in particular an electrically conductive layer, b) providing a first flat cable and a second flat cable, c) arranging the first flat cable on the at least one electrically conductive structure, d) Electrically contacting a conductor track of the first flat cable with the electrically conductive structure, e) joining the first pane to a second pane via a thermoplastic intermediate layer to form a composite pane, wherein the first flat conductor is led out over an outer edge of the first pane and the at least one electrically conductive structure is arranged between the first pane and the second pane, f) Electrically connecting the conductor track of the first flat cable to a conductor track of the second flat cable, the second flat cable being located outside the composite disc.

[0048] The lettering of the procedural steps is not intended to necessarily specify a specific order of the procedural steps, but rather to facilitate later reference. Other sequences of the procedural steps are also conceivable.

[0049] The advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the attachment of the second flat cable to the first flat cable after the first pane has been joined to the second pane. Because the second flat cable is located outside the composite pane, the first pane can be connected to the second pane using only the first flat cable, so that the second flat cable with a connecting part does not interfere with the pane during this process.

[0050] In step d), the connection area of ​​the first flat cable can be placed on the electrically conductive structure. Alternatively or additionally, the first connection area of ​​the first flat cable can be fixed to the electrically conductive structure using double-sided adhesive tape. Alternatively or additionally, the contacting of the at least one electrically conductive structure can preferably be achieved using thermode, ultrasonic, or induction soldering, crimping, or gluing.

[0051] In step e), the thermoplastic intermediate layer is placed between the first pane and the second pane prior to bonding. The bonding of the first pane and the second pane is preferably carried out under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. Known methods for producing a composite pane can be used.

[0052] In particular, in step f), the first flat cable and the second flat cable can be bonded together using an adhesive tape. For this purpose, the adhesive tape is applied around the contact point. This seals the electrical connection between the first flat cable and the second flat cable and thus protects it from moisture.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the method, in step a), the first disc has two electrically conductive structures, in particular two opposing surface electrodes of an electro-optical functional element, wherein the electro-optical functional element is arranged on the first disc via a thermoplastic adhesive layer, and in step e), the electro-optical functional element is arranged between the first disc and the second disc.

[0054] The surface electrodes are intended to be electrically connected to an external voltage source. Contacting the surface electrode with the first flat cable is preferably achieved by means of (thermode, ultrasonic, or induction) soldering, crimping, or gluing. For this purpose, a conductive material, in particular a paste, or a solder contact is applied, for example, to at least one of the surface electrodes. The paste contains silver or a silver-containing alloy. The conductive material is connected to the surface electrodes as so-called bus bars, for example strips of electrically conductive material or electrically conductive prints. The surface electrodes can each be electrically contacted by means of a bus bar.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment of the bus bars, thin and narrow metal foil strips or metal wires are used, which preferably contain copper and / or aluminum; in particular, copper foil strips with a thickness of approximately 50 µm are used. The width of the copper foil strips is preferably 1 mm to 10 mm. During further processing of the functional element, the metal foil strips or metal wires are applied to the surface electrode in a composite of thermoplastic layers. In the subsequent autoclave process, a secure electrical contact between the bus bars and the surface electrode is achieved through the action of heat and pressure. The electrical contact between the surface electrode and the bus bar can alternatively be established by soldering or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.

[0056] The bus bars are attached to the surface electrodes by removing the carrier foil, one surface electrode, and the active layer, leaving the other surface electrode with its associated carrier foil protruding. This can preferably be done along an edge area of ​​the respective side of the functional element. A bus bar can then be attached to the protruding surface electrode, or the first flat cable can be directly contacted with the surface electrode. On the opposite side of the respective functional element, another bus bar is attached to the other surface electrode in a similar manner.

[0057] The connection arrangement according to the invention can be used in the vehicle sector or in the construction sector, in furniture, electrical devices or decorative items for contacting at least one electrically conductive structure, in particular two electrodes of an electro-optical functional element on or in a single-pane safety glass pane or a multi-pane laminated glass pane.

[0058] Preferably, the first flat cable is used to contact opposing surface electrodes of an electro-optical functional element, for example an SPD functional element or PDLC functional element.

[0059] The connection arrangement according to the invention is preferably used as building glazing or vehicle glazing, in particular as a windshield or roof window of a motor vehicle.

[0060] The invention further extends to a vehicle having the connection arrangement according to the invention.

[0061] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0062] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are schematic representations and not to scale. Identical or equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The figures do not limit the invention in any way.

[0063] They show: Fig. 1A is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a connection arrangement according to the invention with a first flat cable, in which the first flat cable is made of a composite disc, Fig. 1B shows the first embodiment of the connection arrangement according to the invention with a second flat cable, Fig. 1C a schematic representation of the embodiment of Fig. 1B, in which the first flat cable and the second flat cable are electrically connected, Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of a connection arrangement according to the invention with a first flat cable and a second flat cable, Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B is a schematic plan view of the first flat cable and the second flat cable from Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of manufacture.

[0064] Numerical values ​​are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of + / - 1% to + / - 10%.

[0065] Fig. 1A shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a composite pane 100 with a first flat cable 1, in which the first flat cable 1 is formed from the composite pane 100. The first flat cable 1 is flexible, in particular bendable.

[0066] The flat cable 1 has a plurality (here four) electrical conductor tracks 1.1, which are applied side by side to a carrier substrate 1.7 made of an electrically insulating material, for example, polyimide (PI) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The electrical conductor tracks 1.1 consist of a metallic material, for example, copper. The conductor tracks 1.1 can be applied to the carrier substrate 1.7 using a printing process. The conductor tracks 1.1 are covered by a cover layer made of an electrically insulating material, for example, polyimide. The carrier substrate 1.7 and the cover layer together form an insulating sheath in which the conductor tracks 1.1 are embedded. The flat cable 1 has a length of, for example, 5 cm to 150 cm. The electrical conductor tracks 1.1 have a material thickness of 10 µm to 300 µm (for example, 35 µm, 50 µm, 75 µm, or 100 µm) and a width of 0.1 mm to 100 mm. The carrier substrate 1.7 and the cover layer each have a thickness of, for example, 10 µm to 300 µm. Due to its flat dimensions, the first flat cable 1 can be easily laminated into and out of the composite disc 100.

[0067] The first flat cable 1 and a second flat cable 2 ( Fig. 1B) are geometrically congruent, in particular identical. The second flat cable 2 also has four electrically conductive tracks 2.1, which are applied side by side on a carrier substrate 2.7 made of an electrically insulating material, for example, polyimide. The electrically conductive tracks 2.1 are made of a metallic material, for example, copper. The second flat cable 2 has the same dimensions as the first flat cable 1.

[0068] Furthermore, the first flat cable 1 has a first connection area 1.2 at a first end 1.4 and a second connection area 1.5 at its second end 1.6. The cover layer is removed at the first and second connection areas 1.2, 1.5 so that the conductor tracks 1.1 can be contacted in the first connection area 1.2 and in the second connection area 1.5. The first connection area 1.2 and the second connection area 1.5 are arranged on the same side of the flat cable 1. Each conductor track 1.1 has a contact point 1.3 at the first end 1.4 and a contact point 1.3 at the second end 1.6 of the first flat cable 1.

[0069] In Fig. 1B, the second flat cable 2 has a first connection area 2.2 at a first end 2.4 and a second connection area 2.5 at its second end 2.6. The cover layer is removed at the first and second connection areas 2.2, 2.5, so that the conductor tracks 2.1 can be contacted in the first connection area 2.2 and in the second connection area 2.5. Each conductor track 2.1 of the second flat cable 2 also has a contact point at the first end 2.4 and a contact point 2.3 at the second end 2.6 of the second flat cable 2. The contact points 1.3 and 2.3 are designed, for example, as solder contacts. The second flat cable 2 is flexible, in particular bendable.

[0070] Fig. 1B shows a situation in which the second flat cable 2 does not yet contact the first flat cable 1, wherein the second connection area 2.5 of the second flat cable 2 and the second connection area 1.5 of the first flat cable 1 have a different orientation.

[0071] Fig. 1C shows a first embodiment of a connection arrangement 101 according to the invention. In Fig. 1C is the embodiment from Fig. 1B. In contrast to the representation in Fig. 1B are in Fig. 1C, the first flat cable 1 and the second flat cable 2 are electrically conductively connected, wherein the first flat cable 1 is led out of the composite pane 100 and is electrically conductively connected to the second flat cable 2 outside the composite pane 100. The second flat cable 2 is arranged completely outside the composite pane 100. The second connection area 1.5 of the first flat cable 1 and the second connection area 2.5 of the second flat cable 2 have a different orientation. Thus, the second connection area 1.5 of the first flat cable 1 and the second connection area 2.5 of the second flat cable 2 are opposite one another, so that the contact points 1.3 and 2.3 are in contact. The contact points 1.3 in the second connection area 1.5 of the first flat cable 1 are soldered to the contact points 2.3 in the second connection area 2.5 of the second flat cable 2.

[0072] Fig. Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a connection arrangement 101 according to the invention in a sectional view perpendicular to the pane plane in a schematic manner with a first flat cable 1' and a second flat cable 2', wherein the first flat cable 1' is arranged inside the composite pane 100. The composite pane 100 is designed here, for example, as a windshield or roof pane of a motor vehicle.

[0073] The composite pane 100 comprises a first pane 3 and a second pane 4, which are firmly connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5. The composite pane 100 further comprises an electrically conductive structure 7, which can be designed as a busbar, an antenna, a conductor loop of an alarm system, heating wires, electrically conductive films, electrically conductive structures produced by screen printing, or as an electrically conductive coating, in particular surface electrodes of an electro-optical functional element 6. The first pane 3 and the second pane 4 are rigid. The first pane 2 and the second pane 4 are approximately the same size and are made of glass, for example, of soda-lime glass, as is common for window panes.However, panes 3 and 4 can also be made of other types of glass, such as quartz glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass, or of rigid, clear plastics, such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The panes can be clear, tinted, or colored. The respective thickness of the first pane 3 and the second pane 4 can vary widely depending on the application and, for example, can range from 1 mm to 24 mm for glass.

[0074] The intermediate layer 5 comprises up to three thermoplastic composite films, each formed by a thermoplastic film with a thickness of, for example, 0.38 mm made of PVB, in which a functional element 6 can be embedded.

[0075] The electrically controllable functional element 6 can be a multilayer film consisting of an active layer between two electrically conductive structures 7 designed as surface electrodes. The active layer contains a polymer matrix with liquid crystals dispersed therein, which align themselves depending on the electrical voltage applied to the electrically conductive structures 7 (surface electrodes), whereby the optical properties can be controlled. Two carrier films are each provided with an electrically conductive structure 7 facing the active layer. The carrier films are made of PET, for example, and have a thickness of, for example, 0.125 mm. The electrically conductive structures 7 (ITO coating) are applied to the carrier film with a thickness of approximately 100 nm and form the first surface electrode on the first carrier film and a second surface electrode on the second carrier film.The two surface electrodes can be electrically contacted via bus bars and can be electrically connected to the first flat cable.

[0076] The intermediate layer 5 can, for example, also be formed as a trilayer, in which a film containing, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is arranged between two layers of the intermediate layer 5. The PET film then serves as a carrier for the electrically conductive structure 7 and can thus be a component of an antenna. Alternatively, the electrically conductive structure 7 can be formed as an antenna made of a transparent conductive coating, which is arranged, for example, on a side (III) of the first pane 3 facing the intermediate layer 5 or on the PET film.

[0077] The electrically conductive structure 7 formed as a transparent conductive coating can serve as a heat-ray reflecting coating for the purpose of sun protection, thermoregulation or heat insulation or as a heating layer for electrically heating the composite pane.

[0078] The electrically conductive structure 7 is connected via a contact point 1.3' in a first connection area 1.2' ( Fig. 3A) of the first flat cable 1'. The connection between the electrically conductive structure 7 and the contact point 1.3' is made, for example, by soldering, thermode soldering, gluing, or clamping. The first flat cable 1' has the first connection region 1.2' at a first end 1.4' arranged in the composite pane 100 and a second connection region 1.5' at its second end 1.6' arranged outside the composite pane 100. The first end 1.4' of the first flat cable 1' is arranged inside the composite pane 100. The first flat cable 1' thus extends a short distance into the composite pane 100, while the substantial portion of its total length is directed outwards.

[0079] The first flat cable 1' and a second flat cable 2' are electrically connected outside the composite pane 100. The second flat cable 2' is arranged entirely outside the composite pane 100. The second flat cable 2' is structurally identical to the first flat cable 1'. The first flat cable 1' is routed around the outer edge of the first pane 3 and, in its adjoining section, is adhesively and watertightly connected to the lower pane surface by an adhesive film. In this section, the first flat cable 1' can be located between the first pane 3 and a window flange supporting it.

[0080] The second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' and a second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2' have a different orientation. Thus, the second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' and the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2' are positioned opposite one another, so that the contact points 1.3' and 2.3' are in contact. The contact points 1.3' in the second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' are soldered to the contact points 2.3' in the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2'. Alternatively or additionally, the first flat cable 1' can be electrically connected to the second flat cable 2' via a pressure, joining, or adhesive connection.

[0081] A first connection area 2.2' of the second flat cable 2' is provided for connection to control electronics. For this purpose, the first connection area 2.2' of the second flat cable 2' can be electrically connected to a connection part 8, in particular designed as a round cable. The first connection area 2.2' of the second flat cable 2' can be located within a cable housing 9, into which one end of the connection part 8 is inserted. In particular, the second flat cable 2' can be soldered to the connection part 8. At the other end of the connection part 8 there can be a terminal 10 designed as a plug or socket, which can be connected to external electronics (e.g. control electronics). The cable housing 9 is made of polyamide, for example, and serves to electrically insulate the connection between the second flat cable 2' and the connection part 8. The connection part 8 is preferably soldered to the second flat cable 2' using lead-free solder.

[0082] Fig. 3A shows a schematic plan view of the first flat cable 1' and the second flat cable 2' from Fig. 2. The first flat conductor 1' has two conductor tracks 1.1'. The conductor tracks 1.1' are completely encased in an insulating sheath, i.e., an insulating layer (e.g., polyimide) is located on each side of the flat cable 1', with the two insulating layers together forming the insulating sheath. The insulating sheath can also be formed by laminating the conductor tracks 1.1' with two insulating layers on both sides.

[0083] The second flat cable 2' is similar to the first flat cable 1'. The second flat cable 2' also has two conductor tracks 2.1' encased in insulating layers. The insulating layer has a material thickness of approximately 25 µm to 50 µm. The conductor tracks 1.2' and 2.1' are made of a foil of a highly electrically conductive metal, such as copper. The thickness of the conductor tracks 1.1' and 2.1' ranges from 10 µm to 300 µm, for example, 35 µm, 50 µm, 75 µm, or 100 µm. The conductor tracks 1.1' and 2.1' are bonded to the insulating layer using suitable adhesive layers (e.g., acrylate or epoxy). The thickness of the adhesive layer can be 35 µm.

[0084] The first flat cable 1' has the first connection area 1.2' at its first end 1.4' and the second connection area 1.5' at its second end 1.6'. The insulation layer is removed at the first and second connection areas 1.2', 1.5', forming contact points 1.3' through which the conductor tracks 1.1' can be contacted. The first connection area 1.2' and the second connection area 1.5' are arranged on the same side of the flat cable 1.

[0085] Analogously, the second flat cable 2' has the first connection area 2.2' at its first end 2.4' and the second connection area 2.5' at its second end 2.6'. The insulation layer is removed at the first and second connection areas 2.2', 2.5' so that the conductor tracks 2.1' have the contact points 2.3' and can be contacted. The contact points 1.3' and 2.3' are designed, for example, as solder contacts. In particular, the first flat cable 1' and / or the second flat cable 2' can be bonded to one another using an adhesive tape 11. For this purpose, the adhesive tape 11 is arranged around the contact point 2.3'. At its first connection area 2.2', the second flat cable 2' is electrically connected via a snap fastener to a connection part 8, which is designed, in particular, as a round cable.

[0086] The flat cable 1' is connected in its second connection area 1.5' to the flat cable 2' ( Fig. 3B) are electrically connected.

[0087] In Fig. 3B is a schematic representation of the first flat cable 1' and the second flat cable 2', wherein the first end 1.4' of the first flat cable 1' is intended to be arranged inside the composite pane 100. The first flat cable 1' could therefore extend a short distance into the composite pane 100.

[0088] The contact points 1.3' of the first connection area 1.2' contact the electrically conductive structure 7 arranged in the composite pane 100. At the end, the first flat cable 1' is intended to be connected to the second flat cable 2' in its second connection area 1.5'.

[0089] The second flat cable 2' has the first connection area 2.2' at its first end 2.4' and the second connection area 2.5' at its second end 2.6'. The insulation layer is removed at the first and second connection areas 2.2', 2.5', so that the conductor tracks 2.1' are contacted in the first connection area 2.2' and in the second connection area 2.5'. Each conductor track 2.1' of the second flat cable 2' has a contact point 2.3' at the first end 2.4' and a contact point 2.3' at the second end 2.6' of the second flat cable 2. The contact points 2.3' are designed, for example, as solder contacts and have a solder compound. Furthermore, the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2' comprises the adhesive tape 11 for adhering the second flat cable 2' to the first flat cable 1'. Alternatively or additionally, the second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' may comprise the adhesive tape 11 for adhering the second flat cable 2' to the first flat cable 1'.

[0090] The second flat cable 2' is arranged outside the composite pane 100. The second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' and the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2' have a different orientation. Thus, the second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' and the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2' are opposite one another, so that the contact points 1.3' and 2.3' are in contact via the solder mass. The contact points 1.3' in the second connection area 1.5' of the first flat cable 1' are soldered to the contact points 2.3' in the second connection area 2.5' of the second flat cable 2'.

[0091] Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for producing the connection arrangement 101 according to the invention.

[0092] The procedure comprises at least the following steps: a) Providing a first pane 3 with at least one electrically conductive structure 7, in particular an electrically conductive layer, b) Providing a first flat cable 1 and a second flat cable 2, c) arranging the first flat cable 1 on the at least one electrically conductive structure 7, d) Electrically contacting a conductor track 1.1 of the flat cable 1 with the electrically conductive structure 7, e) joining the first pane 3 to a second pane 4 via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 to form a composite pane 100, wherein the first flat cable 1 is led out over an outer edge of the first pane 3 and the at least one electrically conductive structure 7 is arranged between the first pane 3 and the second pane 4, f) Electrically connecting the conductor track 1.1 of the first flat cable 1 to a conductor track 2.1 of the second flat cable 2, wherein the second flat cable 2 is located outside the composite disc 100.

[0093] In step d), the first connection area 1.2 of the first flat cable 1 can be placed on the electrically conductive structure 7. Alternatively, the first connection area 1.2 of the first flat cable 1 can be fixed to the electrically conductive structure 7 using a double-sided adhesive tape. Alternatively or additionally, the contacting of the at least one electrically conductive structure 7 can preferably be achieved using thermode, ultrasonic, or induction soldering, crimping, or gluing.

[0094] In step e), the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is arranged between the first pane 3 and the second pane 4 prior to bonding. The bonding of the first pane 3 and the second pane 4 preferably takes place under the influence of heat, vacuum, and / or pressure. Known methods for producing a composite pane 100 can be used.

[0095] In particular, in step f), the first flat cable 1 and the second flat cable 2 can be bonded together using an adhesive tape 11. For this purpose, the adhesive tape 11 is arranged around the contact point 2.3. This seals the electrical connection between the first flat cable 1 and the second flat cable 2 and thus protects it from moisture.

[0096] In a preferred embodiment of the method, in step a) the first pane 3 has two electrically conductive structures 7, in particular two opposing surface electrodes of an electro-optical functional element 6, wherein the electro-optical functional element 6 is arranged on the first pane 3 via a thermoplastic adhesive layer (e.g. PVB), and in step e) the electro-optical functional element 6 is arranged between the first pane 3 and the second pane 4.

[0097] The electrically conductive structures 7 as surface electrodes are intended to be electrically connected to an external voltage source. Contacting the surface electrode is preferably carried out by (thermode, ultrasonic, or induction) soldering, crimping, or gluing. For this purpose, a conductive material, in particular a paste, or a solder contact is applied to at least one of the surface electrodes. The paste contains silver or a silver-containing alloy. The conductive material is connected to the surface electrodes as so-called bus bars, for example strips of the electrically conductive material or electrically conductive prints. The surface electrodes can each be electrically contacted by means of a bus bar.

[0098] From the above, it can be seen that the connection arrangement according to the invention advantageously allows for simple and cost-effective production. Costs can be saved by subsequently attaching a second flat cable and the connection arrangement thus realized. Furthermore, the connection arrangement according to the invention is easy to integrate into the technical environment. List of reference symbols: 1 (1') first flat cable 1.1 (1.1') conductor track 1.2 (1.2') first connection area at the first end 1.3 (1.3') Contact point 1.4 (1.4') first end 1.5 (1.5') second connection area 1.6 (1.6') second end 1.7 (1.7') carrier material, insulation layer 2 (2') second flat cable 2.1 (2.1') ​​conductor track 2.2 (2.2') first connection area 2.3 (2.3') Contact point 2.4 (2.4') first end 2.5 (2.5') second connection area 2.6 (2.6') second end 2.7 (2.7') carrier material, insulation layer 3 first slice 4 second disc 5 Intermediate layer 6 Functional element 7 electrically conductive structure 8 Connection part (round cable) 9 cable housings 10 Terminal 11 Adhesive tape 100 composite panes 101 Connection arrangement QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 0876608 B1

[0006] WO 2011033313 A1

[0006] WO 2021156485 A1

[0007]

Claims

[1] Connection arrangement (101) comprising: - a composite pane (100) comprising a first pane (3) and a second pane (4) connected by an intermediate layer (5), - an electrically conductive structure (7) arranged on or between the first disc (3) and the second disc (4), - a first flat cable (1, 1') with at least one electrical conductor track (1.1, 1.1'), - a second flat cable (2, 2') with at least one electrical conductor track (2.1, 2.1'), wherein the second flat cable (2, 2') is arranged outside the composite pane (100), wherein the first flat cable (1,1') and the second flat cable (2,2') each - a first connection area (1.2, 1.2', 2.2, 2.2') with a first contact point (1.3, 1.3', 2.3, 2.3') of the at least one conductor track (1.1, 1.1', 2.1, 2.1') ​​at a first end (1.4, 1.4', 2.4, 2.4') and - a second connection area (1.5, 1.5', 2.5, 2.5') with a second contact point (1.3, 1.3', 2.3, 2.3') of the at least one conductor track (1.1, 1.1', 2.1, 2.1') ​​at a second end (1.6, 1.6', 2.6, 2.6'), and wherein the first flat cable (1) and the second flat cable (2) are flexible and wherein the first flat cable (1, 1') is electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure (7), and wherein the first flat cable (1,1') is led out of the composite pane (100) and is electrically conductively connected to the second flat cable (2,2') outside the composite pane (100). [2] Connection arrangement (101) according to claim 1, wherein the first flat cable (1,1') and the second flat cable (2,2') each have up to 20 conductor tracks. [3] Connection arrangement (101) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second connection region (2.5, 2.5') of the second flat cable (2, 2') comprises an adhesive tape (11) for adhering the second flat cable (2, 2') to the first flat cable (1, 1'). [4] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second connection region (1.5, 1.5') of the first flat cable (1,1') and the second connection region (2.5, 2.5') of the second flat cable (2,2') are geometrically congruent. [5] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first flat cable (1, 1') and the second flat cable (2, 2') are geometrically congruent, in particular identical. [6] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second connection region (1.5, 1.5') of the first flat cable (1,1') and the second connection region (2.5, 2.5') of the second flat cable (2, 2') have an opposition. [7] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first connection region (2.2, 2.2') of the second flat cable (2,2') is provided for connection to control electronics. [8] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first connection region (2.2, 2.2') of the second flat cable (2, 2') is electrically conductively connected to a connection part (8), in particular designed as a round cable, wherein the connection part (8) has, at an end facing away from the second flat cable (2, 2'), a terminal (10) designed as a plug or socket, which is provided for connection to control electronics. [9] Connection arrangement (101) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first flat cable (1) has a base section containing the first connection region (1.2) and at least one strip-shaped section connected to the base section, which contains a third connection region, wherein the strip-shaped section can be folded or is folded over such that the third connection region faces the first connection region (1.2), wherein the first connection region (1.2) is electrically conductively, in particular galvanically, connected to an electrically conductive structure (7) and the third connection region is electrically conductively, in particular galvanically, connected to another electrically conductive structure (7).

Images