Heated composite window

Abstract

Heated laminated glass (10) as a roof window for a vehicle, comprising an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), and an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), and an infrared heating device (5) formed from a heating film (4) with infrared radiation (9) for an interior space, wherein in the installed position of the laminated glass (10) the infrared heating device (5) is provided for the heat effect on a vehicle occupant, wherein the heating film (4) is arranged between the inner pane (2) and outer pane (1) or on the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), - wherein the heated composite pane (10) comprises at least one photovoltaic module (7), the heating film (4) is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), and the one photovoltaic module (7) is arranged on the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane (2) or on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1) or between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), and in the direction of view through the composite pane (10) the one photovoltaic module (7) overlaps the heating film (4), or - wherein the heated composite pane (10) comprises at least one photovoltaic module (7) and wherein the heating film (4) is arranged on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (2) and the one photovoltaic module (7) is arranged on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1) or between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), wherein in the direction of viewing through the composite pane (10) the one photovoltaic module (7) overlaps the heating film (4).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heated composite window and a vehicle with the heated composite window.

[0002] Vehicles equipped with heated windshields are known from the prior art. This prevents icing or fogging of the windshield, which obstructs the driver's view. Heated laminated glass is used particularly as a heated windshield in motor vehicles and offers the possibility of conveniently clearing the windshield of ice or condensation by heating it. It features transparent, electrically conductive coatings, especially with silver layers. The coatings are electrically contacted, allowing an electric current to flow through them. This heats the coating, which is the basis of the heating effect. Reference is made to WO2013 / 104438A1 as an example. The heat loss, and thus energy loss, due to convection across the typically large surface area of ​​the windshield appears to be very high.

[0003] The heating of a vehicle's interior and windshield is typically achieved using heated air, which is blown into the interior or onto the windshield via vents. Furthermore, electric heating systems have been common in vehicles for many years, such as seat heaters and steering wheel heaters. The thermal comfort of vehicle occupants and the goal of achieving a pleasant temperature play a crucial role in vehicle design. This thermal comfort should be achieved as energy-efficiently as possible. Typically, maintaining a comfortable temperature in the airflow requires significant energy consumption.

[0004] DE 10 2007 040008 A1 discloses a vehicle window with a temporarily transparent area, wherein the transparent area is heatable.

[0005] WO 2009 / 085741 A2 describes a solar control film comprising a flexible carrier transparent to visible light, two metal layers, and a polymeric protective layer. The solar control film is transparent to visible light and infrared-reflecting.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a composite disc that enables thermal comfort in the vehicle interior in an energy-efficient manner.

[0007] This problem is solved by a composite disk according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.

[0008] The heated laminated glass pane according to the invention, used as a roof pane for a vehicle, comprises an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, as well as an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. Furthermore, the heated laminated glass pane includes an infrared heating element designed as a heating film, emitting infrared radiation for the interior. In the installed position of the laminated glass pane, the infrared heating element is designed to provide heat to a vehicle occupant. This allows thermal comfort and a pleasant temperature to be provided locally at the body of the vehicle occupant without having to, for example, increase the temperature in the entire vehicle interior. The use of a heating film as an infrared emitter enables particularly simple manufacturing of the laminated glass pane.Furthermore, the use of the heating film does not require much additional installation space.

[0009] The laminated glass pane is designed to separate the interior from the exterior environment in a window opening (especially a vehicle window opening). For the purposes of this invention, the term "inner pane" refers to the pane of the laminated glass facing the interior. The term "outer pane" refers to the pane facing the exterior environment.

[0010] The heating film is positioned between the inner and outer panes or on the interior surface of the inner pane. The heating film can be flexible, i.e., bendable. When positioned on the interior surface of the inner pane, it operates with particular energy efficiency because it is located very close to the head area of ​​the vehicle occupant. Furthermore, this type of heating film arrangement can easily be integrated into existing laminated glass designs.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heating film comprises graphite. It is further preferred that the heating film includes an electrically conductive coating containing the graphite. This electrically conductive coating is arranged on a substrate and embedded between the substrate and a cover film. The electrically conductive coating is connected to a power supply via at least two connection points; that is, the electrically conductive coating of the heating film can be electrically connected to a power supply via at least two connection points. The electrically conductive coating conducts a heating current, resulting in the conversion of energy into heat in the form of infrared radiation. For example, a voltage regulator connected to the heating film can be provided to control an electrical voltage applied to the electrically conductive coating.A preferred embodiment provides that the heating film is connected to at least one control unit and / or on-board electronics.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heating film comprises several, in particular 10 to 15, strip-shaped heating elements connected in parallel for the emission of infrared radiation, each strip-shaped heating element having the electrically conductive coating. This makes the heating film scalable. A heating film with several heating elements can increase the heat intensity. The heating film can achieve a heating power of 60 watts / m². 2 up to 400 watts / m 2 and / or have a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the heated laminated glass unit can incorporate one or more photovoltaic modules. For this purpose, the heating film can be arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane. The one or more photovoltaic modules can then be arranged on the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane, on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane, or between the outer and inner panes. In this configuration, a photovoltaic module and the heating film can overlap in the direction of view through the laminated glass unit. In other words, when viewed from the inside through the laminated glass unit, the heating film is spatially positioned in front of a photovoltaic module, so that, in orthogonal projection through the laminated glass unit, the heating film overlaps the photovoltaic module.

[0014] Alternatively, the heating film can be arranged on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane. The one or more photovoltaic modules can then be arranged on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane or between the outer and inner panes, whereby, in the direction of view through the laminated pane, a photovoltaic module and the heating film can overlap. In other words, when viewed through the laminated pane from the inside, the heating film is spatially located in front of a photovoltaic module, so that, in orthogonal projection through the laminated pane, the heating film is arranged in overlap or overlap with the photovoltaic module.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the heated composite pane can be opaque, particularly if it is designed as a roof pane. In this case, the transmission of at most 15%, preferably at most 2%, most preferably at most 1%, and particularly preferably at most 0.1% of the visible spectrum light through the composite pane is limited.

[0016] The use of heating film offers considerable design freedom regarding the external shape of a surface section, thus preserving the design freedom of automotive manufacturers for various installation situations. For example, the heating film can have at least one separately controllable surface section with a rectangular base shape and side lengths of 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, or 1500 mm. The heat radiated from the surface section warms an occupant sitting beneath it. The surface sections of the heating film are designed to ensure the most even heat distribution possible. This allows for local temperature control. Energy can therefore be saved efficiently, as it is not necessary to heat the entire vehicle interior. The infrared heating element can occupy less than 20%, and in particular less than 10%, of the outer surface (III) or the inner surface (IV) of the inner window.

[0017] The infrared heating device can generate infrared radiation in the wavelength range from λ = 0.78 µm (micrometers) to 3.5 µm. Preferably, the infrared heating device is designed to generate infrared radiation in a wavelength range from 0.780 µm to 2.8 µm, i.e., in the long-wavelength part of the NIR (near-infrared) range.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the heated composite panel according to the invention, at least one surface section of the heating film can be assigned to each seat or row of seats in a vehicle, and this surface section can be switched and operated independently of other surface sections. The individually heated regions in the vehicle interior significantly increase the beneficial effect of the heat emitted by a surface section and make it available particularly quickly.

[0019] A thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the outer and inner panes. This interlayer connects the outer and inner panes. The thermoplastic interlayer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or polyurethane (PU), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thermoplastic interlayer is typically formed from a thermoplastic film (bonding film). The thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example, 760 µm. The thermoplastic interlayer can be formed from a single film or from more than one film. The thermoplastic interlayer can also be a film with functional properties, for example, a film with acoustic damping properties.If the thermoplastic interlayer comprises two intermediate layers and the heating film is divided into at least two surface sections, these surface sections can be arranged in a plane between the two intermediate layers. If several surface sections are embedded in the laminated panel, the heating output can thus be controlled much more precisely. One of the intermediate layers can, in particular, be tinted, at least in part.

[0020] The outer and inner panes preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. The outer and inner panes can be clear and colorless, or tinted or colored. The outer and inner panes can be independently unstressed, partially stressed, or stressed. If at least one of the panes is to have a stress, this can be a thermal or chemical stress.

[0021] The outer pane and the inner pane can have suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

[0022] The thickness of the outer and inner panes can vary widely and thus be adapted to the specific requirements. Preferably, the outer and inner panes have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, and most preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm. For example, the outer pane has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane a thickness of 1.6 mm. However, the outer pane, or especially the inner pane, can also be made of thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.

[0023] The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a heated composite window according to the invention for heating an area in the vehicle interior, wherein at least one surface section of the infrared heating device is arranged in the head area of ​​a vehicle occupant. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the vehicle is an electric vehicle.

[0024] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are schematic representations and not to scale. The figures do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that different aspects are described, each of which can be used individually or in combination. That is, each aspect can be used with different embodiments of the invention, unless explicitly presented as a pure alternative.

[0025] They show: Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention in a top view of an interior surface of the composite disc, Fig. 2 a second embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention in a top view of an interior surface of the composite disc, Fig. 3 the composite disc according to the invention made of Fig. 1 in cross-section X-X', Fig. 4 a further embodiment of the composite disc according to the invention made of Fig. 1 in cross-section X-X', and Fig. 5 a heating film in top view.

[0026] Information with numerical values ​​should generally not be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of + / - 1% to + / - 10%.

[0027] Fig. Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a composite pane 10 according to the invention as a roof pane of a passenger car in a top view. The composite pane 10 is intended to form the interior 12 in a window opening of the car ( Fig. 3) to separate the car from its external surroundings. Fig. 3 and Fig. Figure 4 shows this embodiment in cross-section. For simplicity, the composite pane 10 is shown in plan view, although roof panes are typically curved in reality. The composite pane 10 has an infrared heating device 5. By means of the infrared heating device 5, a vehicle occupant of the passenger car (PC) is heated with infrared radiation 9 ( Fig. 3) can be actuated. The infrared heating device 5 can generate infrared radiation in the wavelength range from λ = 0.78 µm (micrometers) to 3.5 µm.

[0028] The infrared heating element 5 is divided into four equally sized surface sections and one elongated surface section. The elongated surface section extends from one side edge of the laminated glass panel 10 to an opposite side edge. In the installed position of the laminated glass panel 10, the infrared radiation 9 is directed at predefined areas of the vehicle interior, in particular the head area of ​​a vehicle occupant. The surface sections can be controlled separately and have a rectangular shape with an edge length of, for example, 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, or 1500 mm. The heat radiated from a surface section of the infrared heating element 5 warms an occupant sitting beneath that surface section. The surface sections are designed to ensure the most even distribution of heat possible.This allows for local temperature control and at the same time saves energy efficiently, as the entire vehicle interior does not need to be heated.

[0029] Fig. Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the composite pane 10 in a top view of an interior surface IV of the composite pane 10. The difference to the one in Fig. The embodiment described in section 1 consists in the composite panel 10 having three surface sections of the infrared heating device 5. The three surface sections of the infrared heating device 5 are strip-shaped and extend from one side edge to an opposite side edge, preferably each over a row of seats in a passenger car.

[0030] In Fig. 3 is the composite disc according to the invention made of Fig. Figure 1 shows the cross-section XX'. The composite pane 10 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are connected to each other via an intermediate layer 3. The outer pane 1 comprises an outer surface I and an inner surface II. The inner pane 2 comprises an outer surface III and an inner surface IV. The outer surface is the main surface intended to face the external environment when installed. The inner surface is the main surface intended to face the interior 12 when installed.

[0031] The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are made of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 1, for example, has a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The intermediate layer 3 is, for example, made of a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. The inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 face each other and are connected by the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

[0032] The heated laminated glass pane 10 includes the infrared heating element 5, which is formed from a heating film 4. The heating film 4 emits infrared radiation 9 towards the interior 12 of the vehicle, with the infrared heating element 5 being designed to provide warmth to a vehicle occupant. The heating film 4 is divided into sections of the infrared heating element. These sections of the heating film 4 cover less than 50%, 20%, or less than 10% of the interior surface area IV of the inner pane 2. This allows thermal comfort and a pleasant temperature to be provided locally at the body of the vehicle occupant without having to increase the temperature in the entire vehicle interior 12. The use of a heating film 4 as an infrared emitter enables a particularly simple manufacturing process for the laminated glass pane 10. Furthermore, the use of the heating film 4 does not require much additional installation space.Additionally, a protective cover can enclose the heating film 4.

[0033] Furthermore, the laminated glass pane 10 comprises several photovoltaic modules 7. The photovoltaic modules 7 are arranged on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1. Alternatively, the photovoltaic modules 7 can be arranged on the exterior surface III of the inner pane 2 or between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2. At least one photovoltaic module 7 and the heating film 4 overlap in the direction of view through the laminated glass pane 10. The photovoltaic modules 7 can obscure the view of the heating film 4 from the outside. This is particularly advantageous because the heating film is not visible from the outside when the laminated glass pane is installed as a roof window in a vehicle, so that the visual and aesthetic appearance of the laminated glass pane 10 is not impaired.

[0034] Fig. Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the cross-section X-X'. The difference to the one in Fig. The embodiment described in section 3 consists in the heating film 4 being arranged on the outer surface III of the inner pane 2. The heating film 4 is connected to the inner pane 2 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, with the surface sections of the heating film 4 arranged in a plane between two intermediate layers 3. The first and second cross-sectional configurations can be used in both the embodiment according to section 3. Fig. 1 as well as in the execution according to Fig. 2. Application. Whereby for the execution according to Fig. 2 the shape of the surface sections of the heating film 4 is adapted.

[0035] The laminated glass pane 10 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are bonded together by an intermediate layer 3. The outer pane 1 has an outer surface I and an inner surface II. The inner pane 2 has an outer surface III and an inner surface IV. The outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are made of soda-lime glass. The outer pane 1, for example, has a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The intermediate layer 3 is, for example, made of a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. The inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 face each other and are bonded together by the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3. The heated laminated glass pane 10 includes the infrared heating element 5, which is formed from the heating film 4.The heating film 4 emits infrared radiation 9 towards the interior 12 of the car, with the infrared heating device 5 being intended to provide heat to a vehicle occupant. The heating film 4 is divided into the surface sections of the infrared heating device. The surface sections of the heating film 4 occupy less than 50%, 20%, or less than 10% of the outer surface III of the inner pane 2.

[0036] The photovoltaic modules 7 are arranged on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1. The photovoltaic module 7 and the heating film 4 overlap in the direction of view through the laminated pane 10. The photovoltaic modules 7 obscure the view of the heating film 4 from the outside.

[0037] In Fig.Figure 5 shows a top view of the heating film 4. The heating film 4 comprises 5 strip-shaped heating elements 6 connected in parallel for emitting infrared radiation 9, each strip-shaped heating element 6 having an electrically conductive coating. This allows the heating film 4 to be scalable. The heating film 4 has a heating power of 60 watts / m². 2 up to 400 watts / m 2 Furthermore, the heating film has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0038] The electrically conductive coating of the heating film 4 comprises graphite. The electrically conductive coating is arranged on a substrate and embedded between the substrate and a cover film. The substrate can be a film, in particular a PE or PET film, and the cover film can also be a PE or PET film. The substrate and the cover film can contain further thermoplastic layers, at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or polyurethane (PU), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The heating film 4 comprises five strip-shaped heating elements 6 connected in parallel for the emission of infrared radiation, each strip-shaped heating element 6 having the electrically conductive coating. The electrically conductive coating is connected to a supply voltage via at least two connection points arranged at the outer edges of each heating element 6.The electrically conductive coating conducts a heating current, thereby converting energy into heat in the form of infrared radiation. For example, a voltage regulator connected to the heating film 4 can be provided to control an electrical voltage applied to the electrically conductive coating.

[0039] Two busbars 8 are located at the outer edge of the heating film 4. The busbars 8 are elongated and contain copper and / or silver. They serve to distribute the heating current into the electrically conductive coating of the heating elements 6. The busbars 8 are electrically connected to the underlying heating element 6 at each connection point. The busbars 8 are connected to a voltage source via additional leads 11.

[0040] Particular advantages of the invention are that it enables local heating of a vehicle interior and that the heating effect can be achieved in a particularly energy-efficient manner. Energy efficiency is an extremely important criterion for future product developments. Advantageously, according to the invention, the heating effect does not depend on the heating of the laminated glass itself, but is achieved selectively by controlling a specific section of the infrared heating element. The heating effect therefore occurs much faster than with previously used heating devices and can offer a very good solution, especially when used in conjunction with child car seats. Reference symbol list: 1 outer pane 2 inner disc 3 Intermediate layer 4 heating film 5 Infrared heating unit 6 heating element 7 photovoltaic modules 8 collection conductors 9 Infrared radiation 10 Composite disc 11 electrical supply line 12 Interior of a vehicle I outer surface of the outer pane 1 II Interior surface of the outer pane 1 III outer surface of the inner pane 2 IV Interior surface of the inner pane 2 QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2013 / 104438A1

[0002] DE 10 2007 040008 A1

[0004] WO 2009 / 085741 A2

[0005]

Claims

[1] Heated laminated glass (10) as a roof window for a vehicle, comprising an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), and an inner pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV) which are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and an infrared heating device (5) formed from a heating film (4) with infrared radiation (9) for an interior space, wherein in the installed position of the laminated glass (10) the infrared heating device (5) is provided for the heat effect on a vehicle occupant, wherein the heating film (4) is arranged between the inner pane (2) and outer pane (1) or on the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), - wherein the heated composite pane (10) comprises at least one photovoltaic module (7), the heating film (4) is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), and the one photovoltaic module (7) is arranged on the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane (2) or on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1) or between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), and in the direction of view through the composite pane (10) the one photovoltaic module (7) overlaps the heating film (4), or - wherein the heated composite pane (10) comprises at least one photovoltaic module (7) and wherein the heating film (4) is arranged on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane (2) and the one photovoltaic module (7) is arranged on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1) or between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), wherein in the direction of viewing through the composite pane (10) the one photovoltaic module (7) overlaps the heating film (4). [2] Heatable composite disc (10) according to claim 1, wherein the heating film (4) comprises an electrically conductive coating which has graphite, wherein the electrically conductive coating is arranged on a carrier and is embedded between the carrier and a cover film. [3] Heated composite disc (10) according to claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive coating of the heating film (4) can be electrically connected to a power supply via at least two connection points. [4] Heatable composite disc (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heating film (4) comprises several, in particular 10 to 15, strip-shaped, parallel-connected heating elements (6) for the emission of infrared radiation (9). [5] Heated composite disc (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating film (4) has a heating power of 60 watts / m² 2 up to 400 watts / m 2 exhibits. [6] Heatable composite disc (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heating film (4) has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. [7] Heated composite pane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heated composite pane (1) is opaque, in particular if the heated composite pane (10) is designed as a roof pane. [8] Heated composite pane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the infrared heating device (5) occupies less than 20%, in particular less than 10% of the outer surface (III) or the inner surface (IV) of the inner pane (2). [9] Heated composite disc (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heating film (4) has at least one separately controllable surface section with a rectangular basic shape with an edge length of 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm or 1500 mm. [10] Heated composite disc (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one surface section of the heating film (4) is assigned to each seat or row of seats and the surface section can be switched and operated independently of other surface sections. [11] Heatable composite disc (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is formed by more than one film and the infrared heating device (5) comprises at least two surface sections which are arranged in a plane between at least two films of the intermediate layer (3). [12] Vehicle comprising a heated composite window (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for heating an area in the vehicle interior, wherein at least one surface section of the infrared heating device (5) is arranged at the head area of ​​a vehicle occupant.

Images