ABC protective filter material, particularly in the form of a textile laminate, with improved stability properties

Abstract

ABC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) applied preferably discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized in that that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of textile-based filter materials, in particular surface filter materials, and preferably textile-based protective filter materials, which can be used, for example, in the military or civilian sector, such as for the production of protective equipment and protective clothing, in particular with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear or radioactive pollutants, as well as for various technical filter applications or the like.

[0002] Against this background, the present invention relates in particular to an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material, synonymously also referred to as protective filter material), preferably textile ABC or CBRN protective filter material (here synonymously also referred to as protective filter material or protective and / or surface filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item (CBRN protective clothing item), preferably with a protective function against chemical or biological or nuclear (radioactive) pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material according to the invention has a high or improved (further) tear resistance (with ABC = atomic, biological and chemical and with CBRN = chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear, the terms ABC on the one hand and CBRN on the other hand being used synonymously in the context of the present invention). The protective filter material according to the invention is characterized in particular by a high orimproved (further) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance).

[0003] In this context, the present invention relates to the technical field of ABC or CBRN protective clothing, as it can be used in particular for military purposes or for civilian purposes, for example in the field of hazard prevention, firefighting or in the field of disaster control or the like. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the technical field of ABC or CBRN filters or technical filter applications or filter units, which can be used, for example, for the treatment or purification of fluid media (i.e., gaseous or liquid media, in particular gaseous media such as air or the like), for example in the context of the treatment or processing of room or ambient air or breathing air).

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of floats (floats) and / or of multiple, in particular double (double), inserted warp threads or of multiple, in particular double (double) inserted weft threads in a (textile) fabric used as a textile carrier layer for increasing or improving the (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance) of a protective filter material which has a corresponding fabric or a corresponding carrier layer.

[0005] In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or a carrier material for increasing the (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) of a textile fabric or protective filter material and / or related protective equipment or protective articles as well as filters or filter materials which comprise the protective filter material with the corresponding carrier layer or the carrier material.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to specific uses of the protective filter material according to the invention, namely in particular for the production of protective equipment or protective articles, in particular protective clothing, as well as for the production of filters and filter materials of all kinds. The present invention also relates to protective equipment and protective articles, in particular protective clothing, and filters and filter materials which comprise the protective filter material according to the invention or which are produced using the protective filter material according to the invention.

[0007] In general, protective filter materials or surface filter materials, which usually have textile-based components or textile functional and carrier materials, are subject to high demands with regard to their specific functional properties for NBC or CBRN protection. This also applies to mechanical stability, resilience, and durability. Specifically, the high demands placed on such materials include providing efficient, reliable, and / or long-lasting protection or related filter properties against chemical, biological, nuclear, and radioactive pollutants or toxins, even under adverse or challenging operating conditions. This particularly applies to protection based on particle or aerosol filter properties as well as adsorptive properties, especially against chemical, biological, nuclear, or radioactive pollutants or toxins.The high requirements for protection against harmful or toxic substances of the aforementioned type inevitably arise due to the exceptionally high health risk to the wearer when exposed to or affected by them.

[0008] In the state of the art, textile protective filter materials are used, for example, to provide NBC or CBRN protective suits in the military sector (i.e. for military personnel or soldiers, often as additional protection in defense or combat operations) but also in the civilian sector or civil protection sector (i.e. for personnel involved in disaster or fire operations, such as firefighters). Another area of ​​application is industrial applications, for example in the chemical industry, for example in the handling or control of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). In general, corresponding protective filter materials in the form of protective clothing or suits ensure additional protection against exposure to human toxicological agents.Substances such as those that may be released in accidents in the chemical industry or nuclear facilities, for example in connection with or as a result of natural disasters.

[0009] Against this background, one of the technical challenges with regard to the provision of suitable protective filter materials is to realise diametrically opposed or opposing product properties in one and the same material, for example with regard to ensuring or providing high mechanical resistance or stability (load-bearing capacity) as well as high protection or filtering performance with regard to toxins or harmful substances on the one hand, while at the same time ensuring high air permeability of the underlying materials on the other. A major difficulty is also to be seen in providing suitable protective filter materials which have high mechanical resistance or stability (load-bearing capacity) or stability in the face of mechanical stress, also against the background of the aforementioned functionalities, namely efficient protection against harmful substances orToxic substances, even under unfavourable conditions or high mechanical requirements, in order to ensure a high level of application and operational safety.

[0010] Special product properties, such as high protection or filtering performance against harmful or toxic substances, combined with high mechanical resistance or stability and high air permeability, are of key advantage or even necessary in protective clothing, for example, to ensure the provided protective function even under high mechanical stress or strain. Such product properties are also of great importance in technical filter applications. In particular, the underlying materials must also offer high application and operational safety and be easy to handle.

[0011] In this context, a major requirement is to provide high levels of protection, even under high mechanical stress, against chemical, biological, or radioactive pollutants or toxins, which may be present, for example, in the form of aerosols, gases, droplets, contaminated particles, or the like, and which also exhibit a wide range of different physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the underlying protective filter materials and the corresponding protective clothing should also offer a correspondingly broad range of protection.

[0012] A particular key challenge is to provide suitable protective filter materials and protective clothing which have a high level of mechanical stability and resistance and therefore a high level of durability and service life. This requirement is of crucial importance as the corresponding protective (filter) materials are often exposed to high levels of mechanical stress during use. Friction, tensile or compressive stress, for example from wearing heavy equipment or the like, or contact with sharp-edged and / or abrasive objects or surfaces can lead to the destruction of the protective (filter) material, for example as a result of cracks or cuts. Mechanical impact, for example from explosion-related splinters or fragments or from projectiles orballistic bodies or the like lead to high mechanical stress or impairment of the material.

[0013] This can sometimes cause permanent damage to the material, for example, through (further) tearing. Such damage often leads to disintegration, or at least to a deterioration of the protective function against incoming harmful or toxic substances, as the barrier function (filter function) of the material is reduced overall, allowing harmful or toxic substances to penetrate through the material or through damaged areas.

[0014] As a result of mechanical damage, the protective filter material may partially or even completely lose the intended protective performance or function, especially if several or even all material layers are damaged in the case of a multi-layered protective filter material.

[0015] In the case of protective clothing, this can lead to direct and generally undesirable exposure of the wearer or user, or in the case of filters or filter materials, to a breakthrough of harmful or toxic substances, associated with the risk of lasting and sometimes even fatal health effects. It is also important to note that even small amounts of toxic substances can often lead to lasting health impairments or subsequent effects for persons exposed to or exposed to such substances.

[0016] In addition, harmful or toxic substances often exist in the form of finely divided or fine-particulate aerosols or in the form of pollutant particles or gases present in the (ambient) air, which generally have a high penetration potential. Therefore, ensuring a permanent protective function with an intact protective sheath or filter function in the case of protective clothing, even under or after high mechanical stress, is essential or even indispensable.

[0017] Consequently, there is a high overall demand for the provision of protective filter materials which, in addition to ensuring a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances, also have a correspondingly high level of mechanical stability or mechanical resistance, particularly against external forces or the like.

[0018] This is particularly true insofar as persons on military deployment, such as soldiers, as well as persons working in disaster relief or firefighting, are exposed to the permanent risk of contamination with chemical, biological or radioactive pollutants or toxic substances, which often exists throughout the entire deployment period. In addition to high physical strain, there is also high mechanical stress on the protective equipment concerned throughout the entire deployment period.

[0019] In the military sector in particular, military personnel, such as soldiers, move around in conflict-laden environments with high physical exertion and are exposed to high levels of danger, which requires a high level of usability and suitability for the underlying protective clothing. It is also important to note that in the event of mechanical failure of the protective clothing, for example as a result of (further) tearing, the protective barrier against the penetration of toxic substances is interrupted, accompanied by a dissolution of the protective barrier to the user (wearer) or operator of such protective clothing. For example, chemical skin warfare agents such as sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard can affect the user (wearer), for example, penetrating the skin, sometimes resulting in a lethal effect on the wearer.

[0020] In the civil and industrial sectors, a high level of protection is equally essential due to the mechanical integrity of protective clothing, particularly with regard to avoiding direct contact with toxic industrial chemicals or the like, even in cases of high physical strain or mechanical stress on protective clothing.

[0021] The same applies to filters and filter systems based on such protective filter materials, where ensuring physical integrity even under high mechanical stress is crucial to ensuring the protective function, particularly with regard to preventing the formation and continuation or spread of cracks or the like.

[0022] State-of-the-art protective filter materials or surface filter materials, which often have simply designed textile carrier materials or layers for adsorbents or filter layers, for example, often cannot reliably meet the high requirements for mechanical stability, particularly with regard to their (tearing) behavior. As a result, such state-of-the-art materials do not provide optimal, reliable, and lasting protection against the effects of harmful or toxic substances, particularly under extreme conditions, such as protective clothing in military use or in hazard prevention or disaster control. This particularly applies to the lack of resistance to high mechanical stress or damage to the material, especially with regard to tearing or tearing propagation of the material.

[0023] Given that protective suits, for example, must meet the requirements of long periods of wear or use, even under adverse conditions, this immediately results in the demand for appropriate protective filter materials or surface filter materials with high mechanical resistance and stability.

[0024] With regard to ensuring an efficient and long-lasting protective function even under or after mechanical stress, the (propagation) tear strength (preferably tear resistance or resistance) and thus in particular the resistance of a protective filter material to forceful (propagation) tearing is of great importance. This is especially true because, if the (propagation) tear strength is insufficient, cracks that occur under the influence of force or tearing can often extend over large areas of the protective (filter) material. Complete and irreparable damage to the underlying protective filter material is then often unavoidable. In particular, this can be the case with corresponding protective filter materials with low mechanical resistance orStability often behaves in such a way that after initial and initially only minor damage to the material, even small forces lead to undesirable (further) tearing and thus to lasting damage to the material, accompanied by a total loss of the protective function against harmful or toxic substances.

[0025] The development of large cracks in a protective filter material that have a lasting or irreversible impact on its function often results from what are sometimes only minor initial damages, such as small tears or incisions or pinpoint punctures. As a result of insufficient (further) tear resistance, large cracks can develop with only minor stress or the application of force, often starting from small or minor (initial) damage. Such cracks can spread quickly and over a large area of ​​the protective filter material, often affecting the entire transverse extent or thickness of the protective filter material and across several or even all of the material layers. Such damage leads to a far-reaching and frequently complete loss of the protective function, since damage or incisions hitting the protective filter material cannot be completely redirected.Toxic substances can penetrate through the damage or tear almost unhindered. It is therefore also important that protective filter materials exhibit high resistance to mechanical forces, particularly with regard to high (further) tear resistance and resilience after initial damage.

[0026] High (further) tear resistance ensures that the integrity and soundness of a protective filter material is maintained even after initial (minor) damage (e.g., after small tears), even when high forces are applied to the material. This minimizes the formation of penetration points for harmful or toxic substances and fundamentally maintains or preserves the overall protective function. Thus, the provided (further) tear resistance also represents a decisive factor in determining the quality of a protective filter material.

[0027] In general, the (further) tearing of a textile-based material, such as a protective or surface filter material, can be understood as the successive failure of threads or yarns or groups of threads or yarns along a line through the textile material, for example in the form of a carrier layer or of a protective filter material as a whole with such a carrier layer. In the case of a textile material in the form of a woven fabric with a warp and weft thread system forming the fabric, this particularly involves the failure or tearing of adjacent warp threads or groups forming a group (especially when force is applied in the weft direction) or adjacent weft threads or groups forming a group, especially when force is applied in the warp direction.

[0028] Against this background, the (further) tearing differs from the tearing force or tensile strength as such, because in contrast to the tearing force, the maximum force of a sum of threads until breakage is measured.

[0029] For technical textile materials, such as protective filter materials, tearing is one of the most common failure modes. Tearing is therefore also used as a direct assessment of usability or a quality characteristic, particularly for textile materials used in the military sector. In general, products with low tear resistance or inadequate tear resistance can therefore pose an excessive risk to the wearer or user of protective clothing made from them. Against this background, the tear resistance of a protective or surface filter material is an important property that characterizes its overall protective function, for example, for protective clothing in the military and civilian sectors for hazard prevention.

[0030] In this respect, the selection and coordination of the components underlying a protective filter material also plays a key role in determining the stability of the protective suits or filters manufactured from it. The material in question should possess high mechanical stability overall, particularly in order to withstand severe mechanical stress, such as that caused by tearing or tear propagation forces acting on the material, thereby ensuring the integrity and integrity of the protective filter material and thus overall application and operational safety.In the case of multi-layer protective filter materials, a carrier layer, such as that used for attaching adsorption materials such as particulate activated carbon or flat filter materials, also plays a crucial role, since such carrier layers, as a textile base structure, have a decisive influence on the mechanical stability of the multi-layer protective filter material as a whole.

[0031] In the field of protective clothing for NBC or CBRN protection, for example in the form of protective suits or similar, as used, for example, in the military but also civilian sectors, air- and water vapor-impermeable materials or protective materials are known in the prior art, which are generally designed with a barrier or rubber layer impermeable to harmful or toxic substances. In addition to being only slightly comfortable to wear due to a lack of air permeability and insufficient flexibility, such materials often lack optimal mechanical resistance, including with regard to the (further) tearing behavior of such materials. The use of flat, impermeable layers is particularly associated with the fact that, in general, no further structures are present to inhibit or prevent crack formation.Where coatings or similar materials are used to create the impermeable properties of such materials, these often result in associated textile support structures or layers not exhibiting high resistance to (further) tearing due to the fixation of the forming thread or yarn components. This means that even minor mechanical stress on the material, for example, caused by previous damage, can lead to small tears or perforations, sometimes resulting in large tears, accompanied by a permanent loss of the protective function, which renders the material unusable. Due to the lack of air permeability, such materials are also unsuitable for technical filter applications or similar.

[0032] Furthermore, air-permeable or permeable functional protective or surface filter materials are known in the prior art, which are generally equipped with an adsorption filter layer, particularly based on activated carbon, or a mechanical filter layer to ensure protection against harmful or toxic substances. Due to the fundamentally air-permeable design of such systems, such materials are suitable not only for the provision of protective clothing or protective suits, but also for technical filter applications. Due to the increased exchange of air and water or moisture, protective clothing made from such materials also offers improved wearer comfort, particularly with regard to reducing heat build-up, while fundamentally providing good protection against harmful or toxic substances.

[0033] The underlying protective filter material is generally in the form of a laminate with a multi-layer structure, in which, for example, a sorption-capable material, such as activated carbon, is incorporated or integrated into a composite material based on a carrier material or layer and a cover material. However, such filter materials do not always exhibit optimal or generally improvable properties in terms of their mechanical stability, including their (further) tear behavior.

[0034] In particular, such protective filter materials lack any further and targeted mechanical stabilization or optimization with regard to their (tear-propagation) behavior. Furthermore, such materials often exhibit a rigid or inflexible structure due to the generally areal bonding of the individual layers to form the laminate or composite, for example by means of adhesive bonding, which impairs their (tear-propagation) resistance. In particular, protective or surface filter materials are subject to a sometimes pronounced transfer of forces (e.g., in the form of (tear-propagation) forces) that may occur during mechanical loading, for example, to the carrier material or layer, which can lead to easy tearing.

[0035] The adhesive application often provided for in the prior art sometimes leads – in addition to excessive stiffening of the material – to excessive immobilization or fixation of, for example, threads or yarns forming a textile layer of the protective filter material, so that their mobility can be severely restricted. As a result, the flexibility of the threads or yarns is often not sufficient, for example in the event of (further) tearing stress, which reduces the (further) tear resistance of the material in question.

[0036] This is particularly true given that the prior art does not contain any specific, targeted measures to increase resistance to mechanical impacts, including with regard to ensuring high tear resistance, which is of essential importance since the formation of tears in particular leads to a significant reduction in the level of protection against toxic or health-endangering substances. In addition, the prior art uses conventional textile fabrics for the textile carrier layers. In this regard, no further measures to achieve high or improved tear resistance are available. In addition, the adhesive applied to bond the layers in the prior art often leads to excessive blocking or interference with the threads or strands forming the carrier material or layer.Yarn systems so that their mobility is reduced, with the result that the (further) tearing behavior is reduced.

[0037] In view of the above statements, the protective or surface filter materials provided in the state of the art for protective clothing or technical filters or filter systems are sometimes not optimally coordinated or do not provide for increased stability or mechanical resilience, in particular with regard to ensuring high (further) tear resistance.

[0038] The lamination of individual layers to form a textile protective or surface filter material with the corresponding carrier or layer materials, as is common in the prior art, often results in reduced flexibility or pliability of the resulting filter material, which can lead to excessive formation of kinks or the like under force. This can result in undesirable delamination of the layers, accompanied by a reduction in the protective function provided. The formation of kinks can also reduce the (further) tearing behavior of the filter material overall, as this can lead to mechanical weak points. In particular, undesirable delamination can occur in the area of ​​kinks, which negatively impacts the integrity and mechanical stability of the protective or surface filter material overall.Due to the reduced flexibility or pliability of protective or surface filter materials known in the prior art, optimal wearing comfort, particularly with regard to providing a high level of conformability, is often not guaranteed when used in protective clothing. In this context, the haptic properties of such materials are also not always satisfactory.

[0039] In particular, no specific measures are described to develop high or optimized (further) tear resistance.

[0040] EP 2 026 884 A2 and WO 2007 / 071835 A2 and US 2009 / 0093178 A1, respectively, belonging to the same patent family, describe a composite textile material for CBRN applications, comprising a first nonwoven material suitable for forming a physical barrier to the penetration of microorganisms, and a second material suitable for capturing the microorganisms trapped by the first material through absorption and / or adsorption. The composite material may comprise a textile carrier material suitable for supporting the second material. In particular, a concept is pursued that focuses significantly on the filter properties of the underlying composite textile material as such.

[0041] Overall, the above statements show that the provision of high mechanical stability and resistance, in particular with regard to the (further) tear resistance and resistance, of protective and surface filter materials is of great importance with regard to their use in or as protective clothing.

[0042] This also applies to the use of protective filter materials in the technical field of providing technical filters or filter systems for the purification of fluid media. Technical filters and filter systems are often exposed to high mechanical stress, particularly with regard to their use in the military or civilian sectors, e.g., for disaster relief. Furthermore, handling such filters or filter systems (which often occurs under adverse conditions in military or disaster relief operations) can result in high levels of force, which also applies to their use in technical applications.

[0043] Overall, there is a high demand in the state of the art for protective filter materials with particle or aerosol filter properties or with adsorptive properties against pollutants or toxic substances, which exhibit improved resistance to mechanical (force) influences, particularly with regard to providing improved (further) tear resistance. There is also a high demand for protective or surface filter materials with correspondingly high durability and, subsequently, good wearability in the case of protective clothing, as well as high purification efficiency while ensuring high throughputs of media to be purified in the case of technical filters or filter systems.

[0044] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a protective filter material, in particular textile protective filter material, which is suitable for use in the military and civilian sectors, for example for the production of protective suits or the like, as well as for the field of technical filter applications, such as for gas or air filters, wherein the previously described disadvantages of the prior art are to be at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.

[0045] A further object of the present invention is, in particular, to provide a protective or surface filter material which has a high mechanical stability or mechanical resistance which is improved compared to the prior art, in particular with regard to the tear resistance of the protective or surface filter material, preferably (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance). In this case, such a protective or surface filter material should also have or retain the functionality with regard to providing a high level of protection against chemical or biological or radioactive or nuclear pollutants or toxins. In particular, such a material should be suitable overall for a large number of applications, in particular in the textile or clothing sector, for example for the production of protective equipment orClothing with a protective function against corresponding pollutants or toxins. Furthermore, the protective or surface filter material should be equally suitable for the production of filters or filter systems and thus also for technical filter applications.

[0046] A further object of the present invention is to provide a protective or surface filter material or textile protective or surface filter material which, while simultaneously exhibiting high or improved mechanical resistance, in particular improved (further) tear resistance, also has improved application and handling properties. In this context, a particular object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding protective or surface filter material which ensures a high level of wearing comfort, particularly with regard to its use in or as protective clothing or the like. In this context, the aim is in particular to provide high flexibility or pliability and conformability while simultaneously exhibiting high air or water vapor permeability.

[0047] In particular, the present invention aims to provide a special protective filter material that offers improved mechanical strength, particularly with regard to (further) tear resistance, while at the same time not negatively impacting other material-specific parameters, such as air permeability and the seam or tensile strength of the underlying materials. In particular, high dimensional stability is also to be achieved. Furthermore, an overall optimized basis weight is to be provided.

[0048] Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a protective filter material, namely based on or in the form of a textile protective filter material, which is generally relatively easy to manufacture, while also reducing the use of relevant components or materials, for example, with regard to the layer structure. The sustainability and cost-benefit ratio of such a material are also to be optimized.

[0049] The present invention therefore aims to provide a textile protective or surface filter material for numerous applications and uses, which exhibits high durability and mechanical stability and resistance, particularly with regard to tear and tear propagation resistance, so that a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances is guaranteed even under adverse conditions, such as during or after high mechanical (force) stress. At the same time, the material should also exhibit high air and water vapor permeability while maintaining high flexibility and pliability.

[0050] To achieve the above-described problem, the present invention thus proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - an ABC protective filter material (in particular a textile ABC protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular an ABC protective filter material with high or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), and in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against harmful or toxic substances and preferably with high or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) according to claim 1; advantageous developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding auxiliary and dependent claims.

[0051] Furthermore, the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - also relates to the use of floats and / or multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads or weft threads inserted in this way in a fabric to increase or improve the (prolonged) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material, which has a corresponding fabric or a corresponding carrier layer, according to the independent claim relating to this use. Further advantageous embodiments of the inventive use according to this aspect are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

[0052] Furthermore, according to a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention also relates to the use of a special carrier layer or a carrier material (textile carrier layer or textile carrier material) for increasing or improving the (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance) of a corresponding protective filter material according to the independent claim relating to this use. Further advantageous embodiments of the use according to the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

[0053] A further subject matter of the present invention—according to a fourth aspect of the present invention—is the use of the ABC protective filter material for the production of protective equipment or protective articles, in particular protective clothing, of all kinds, or for the production of filters and filter materials of all kinds according to the respective independent use claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the uses according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaim.

[0054] A further subject matter of the present invention—according to a fifth aspect of the present invention—are the protective equipment or protective articles according to the invention, in particular protective clothing, which contain the protective filter material according to the invention or are produced using the protective filter material according to the invention, according to the relevant independent claim relating to the protective equipment or protective articles according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect are the subject matter of the relevant subclaim.

[0055] Furthermore, a further subject matter of the present invention—according to a sixth aspect of the present invention—also includes filters and filter materials comprising the protective filter material according to the invention or produced using the protective filter material according to the invention, according to the related independent claim relating to filters or filter materials according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the present invention are the subject matter of the related subclaim.

[0056] It goes without saying that in the following description of the present invention, such configurations, embodiments, advantages, examples or the like which are explained below - for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetition - only for a single aspect of the invention, naturally also apply accordingly with regard to the other aspects of the invention, without the need for an express mention thereof.

[0057] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers, and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that, depending on the individual case or application, deviations from the specified ranges or specifications may occur without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0058] Furthermore, all values ​​or parameter specifications or similar information mentioned below can generally be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination procedures or, failing that, using determination or measurement methods familiar to a person skilled in the art. Unless otherwise stated, the underlying values ​​or parameters are determined under standard conditions (i.e., in particular at a temperature of 20 °C and / or at a pressure of 1,013.25 hPa or 1.01325 bar). In particular, in this context, standard climate conditions in accordance with DIN EN ISO 139:2011 can be used.

[0059] Furthermore, it should be noted that with all relative or percentage quantities listed below, especially those based on weight, these quantities must be selected or combined by the person skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention in such a way that the total—if necessary, including other components or ingredients, in particular as defined below—always amounts to 100% or 100% by weight. However, this is self-evident to the person skilled in the art.

[0060] Furthermore, the person skilled in the art may, if necessary, deviate from the values ​​or ranges given below for the amounts or contents of the ingredients or components present, depending on the application or the individual case, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0061] Furthermore, it goes without saying that individual aspects and embodiments of the present invention are also deemed to be disclosed in any combination with other aspects and embodiments of the present invention and, in particular, any combination of features and embodiments as it results from the references to all claims is deemed to be comprehensively disclosed, with regard to all resulting combination possibilities.

[0062] In particular, with regard to the features characterizing the invention, any combination of these features is deemed to be disclosed, whereby embodiments of the various features with the same preference are preferred in their combination (e.g., amounts or ranges of amounts of the relevant ingredients with the same preference, or the like). Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or different levels of preference) are also disclosed.

[0063] With this in mind, the present invention is described and explained in more detail below, also with reference to drawings or figure representations showing preferred embodiments or exemplary embodiments.

[0064] The subject matter of the present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is thus an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular textile ABC protective filter material, preferably for use in a textile NBC protective garment, in particular ABC protective filter material with high and / or improved (tear propagation) resistance, [preferably tear propagation resistance, in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000 (leg tear strength)] preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants ("ABC or CBRN protective function"), in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (tear propagation) resistance, wherein the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure, in particular of several interconnected layers (layers), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer with two opposite sides, one of its two sides (“functional side”) being coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (“first adhesive”) and / or one of its two sides (“functional side”) having a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive applied thereto, (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides by means of the adhesive to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer (“second adhesive”); wherein the textile carrier layer is designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads; wherein the fabric has floats (floats) in the warp direction (= warp floats) and / or in the weft direction (= weft floats), preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least some of the warp threads and the weft threads, are designed to be floating,

[0065] in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double) (ie a part of the warp threads is present and / or formed with multiple, in particular double, (thread) drawing in) and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double) (ie a part of the weft threads is present and / or formed with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads is drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double) and a part of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0066] The fabric used as the textile carrier layer thus has very specific or specifically adjusted floats of the aforementioned type. According to the invention, it is particularly provided that the fabric does not have a plain weave and / or is free of a plain weave. In particular, the fabric is not designed as a plain weave. As explained in more detail below, the fabric used as the textile carrier layer can, within the scope of the present invention, be in particular a ripstop fabric with a twill weave.

[0067] With regard to the present invention, the applicant has surprisingly discovered that, through the targeted and purposeful technical measure according to the invention, according to which the textile carrier layer underlying the protective filter material according to the invention is designed in the form of a special woven fabric, particularly with regard to the targeted use of floats and / or multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads or weft threads inserted in this way (which are present in each case alongside singly drawn-in warp threads or singly drawn-in weft threads), the mechanical stability or durability of the protective filter material as a whole can be further increased or improved, particularly with regard to its resilience with regard to (propagation) tear behavior. The protective filter material according to the invention thus exhibits improved (propagation) tear resistance or strength.

[0068] As explained in more detail below, the mechanical resistance, in particular the (further) tear resistance, of the protective filter material according to the invention can be further and significantly increased by further targeted technical measures, in particular by a specially adapted or designed adhesive application for bonding the carrier layer to the other layers, in particular to the further provided protective layer, which, for example, can be based on adsorptive components or which can have a particle or aerosol filter function. Furthermore, within the scope of the inventive concept, special yarns can be used, which lead to further stabilization of the fabric used as the carrier layer, with a positive influence on the (further) tear resistance. Reference can also be made to the following explanations in this regard.

[0069] As a result of the use of a specially designed fabric as a textile carrier layer for the protective filter material according to the invention, according to which the fabric has a special arrangement of warp threads and weft threads forming the fabric, on the one hand based on floats (floats) in the warp direction or in the weft direction and on the other hand based on a special thread arrangement, according to which a part of the warp threads or the weft threads is drawn or inserted into the fabric several times, in particular twice (double), a significant improvement in the (further) tear behavior with an increase in the (further) tear resistance is achieved, in particular in both the warp and weft directions.

[0070] It is also quite surprising that other material-specific properties, such as air permeability, seam and tensile strength, bendability and flexibility, are retained or even improved to the same extent.

[0071] According to the invention, as a result of the special design of the textile carrier layer as a woven fabric with floats and multiple, in particular double (double) drawn-in warp or weft threads, a protective filter material with improved (tear-propagation) behavior and increased (tear-propagation) strength is provided overall. This provides greater mechanical resistance and thus improved protection against harmful or toxic substances even under or after strong mechanical stress, since the protective filter material is not destroyed even under high (tear-propagation) force and is overall more resistant. Due to the high mechanical resilience, particularly with regard to the excellent (tear-propagation) behavior, the formation and further development or progression of tears is significantly reduced or prevented.

[0072] The protective filter material according to the invention is not destroyed even under high mechanical stress and thus maintains its integrity, thus maintaining its protective function or providing a more resistant protective function against harmful and toxic substances (warfare agents). In particular, the formation of larger penetration points for harmful or toxic substances can be prevented due to the high (further) tear resistance, thus providing an extremely high-performance and durable protective filter material according to the invention.

[0073] In the context of the present invention, the situation is particularly such that - without wishing to rely on or be limited to this theory - the respective warp threads or weft threads have a relatively high yarn mobility due to the presence of floats, so that they are pushed together or bundled upon exposure to a corresponding tearing or tear propagation stress and are thus, so to speak, deposited against one another, forming a mechanical reinforcement. This effect can be vividly described as the "bundle effect" or "cable effect," according to which, as a result of the floats, warp threads or weft threads are pushed together or deposited against one another under the influence of a forceful tearing or tear propagation stress, particularly in the tear area or tear triangle, thus forming a bundle.This results in a kind of local reinforcement of the material in the tear area, especially in the tear triangle due to the bundling effect, which leads to increased tear or tear propagation resistance, since a yarn or thread bundle is created when subjected to (further) tearing stress, accompanied by increased resistance when subjected to tear propagation stress.

[0074] Likewise, without wishing to rely on or be limited to this theory, within the scope of the present invention, in the event of a (further) tearing force acting in the warp direction, the weft threads running transversely thereto are displaced over the warp yarns as a result of the floats and, in particular, in the tearing area or tear triangle, form a yarn or thread bundle, which makes (further) tearing significantly more difficult. In a corresponding manner, the invention behaves in particular in such a way that when a (further) tearing force acts in the weft direction, the warp yarns are, as it were, displaced over the weft yarns as a result of the floats and, in the tearing area or tear triangle, form a corresponding reinforcement by yarn or thread bundling. This also counteracts (further) tearing.

[0075] The (further) tear resistance of the protective filter material according to the invention as a whole or of the underlying carrier layer in the form of the fabric is further increased by the fact that, according to the invention, the fabric, as previously stated, can contain multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads, in addition to or in addition to singly inserted warp threads or singly inserted weft threads. The multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads or inserted weft threads are accompanied by a further reinforcement of the underlying carrier layer, particularly in synergistic interaction with the at least partially floating warp or weft threads.

[0076] The multiple, particularly double, warp threads or the correspondingly inserted weft threads represent, so to speak, additional reinforcement in the fabric and thus additional mechanical resistance to (further) tearing, so that the (further) tear resistance is further increased. In particular, the multiple, particularly double, warp threads or the multiple inserted weft threads can also lead to a reinforcement of the carrier layer as part of the aforementioned bundling effect. Floats, if present, even for the multiple, particularly double, warp or weft threads, can also increase their mobility in the fabric. This particularly promotes the desired bundling of the underlying yarns or threads in the event of (further) tearing.

[0077] The multiple, in particular double or doubly inserted warp threads or correspondingly inserted weft threads represent - without wishing to be limited to or relying on this theory - within the scope of the inventive concept an increase in the (further) tear resistance or tear-blocking or (further) tearing-preventing threads, at which a local reinforcement of the fabric can be present and at which, under (further) tearing stress, a further bundling of the additional threads having floats can occur, including the multiple or doubly inserted threads as a whole. According to an embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that the multiple or doubly inserted threads equally have floats, so that this can also result in yarn mobility or displacement that improves the (further) tearing behavior.

[0078] The measures according to the invention, with the formation of floats on the one hand and the formation of multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads on the other hand, complement each other beyond the sum of the individual measures. This results in an increase in (further) tear resistance, namely in the form of a synergistic effect, which is equally surprising. Furthermore, the (further) tear resistance can be further positively influenced by a special application of the adhesive used to attach the protective layer to the fabric serving as the carrier layer, which will be discussed in more detail below.

[0079] Based on the technical measures according to the invention and their coordination, the (further) tear properties can thus be significantly improved overall, whereby an overall (further) tear-resistant product is provided in the form of the protective filter material according to the invention. Other textile-physical properties or parameters are not adversely affected. For example, the textile carrier layer in the form of the special fabric continues to exhibit high air permeability and water vapor permeability as well as defined properties with regard to tensile stress (maximum tensile force) and dimensional stability. Low surface weights can also be achieved for the textile carrier layer in the form of the special fabric and for the protective filter material as a whole. In particular, a high level of flexibility and pliability is still guaranteed, which, in the case of protective clothing, benefits wearer comfort.

[0080] For this reason too, the protective filter material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of or use as protective clothing, in particular because its properties (high air and water vapor permeability as well as high pliability or flexibility and very good haptic properties) also ensure a high level of comfort when worn. For example, heat build-up can be avoided even when the user (wearer) of the protective clothing is subjected to high physical strain. Due to the high flexibility or pliability of the material, protective clothing produced on this basis is snug and therefore comfortable to wear. The guarantee of a high level of comfort when worn is also considerable because it can further reduce the physical or physiological stress on the user (wearer) of the protective clothing, which is particularly important under adverse conditions of use and when the user (wearer) is subjected to high levels of strain.user of the protective clothing is of further benefit.

[0081] The properties of the protective filter material according to the invention are also advantageous for the inventive use or design of (technical) filters or technical filter applications, since stable filters or filter systems can be realized on this basis, which, not least, also feature high throughputs and high efficiency with respect to the media to be purified. Furthermore, such filters exhibit a high degree of fit and are easy to handle in filter applications.

[0082] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention, due to its properties, is also suitable for technical filter applications, for example, for use in (technical) filters or filter materials, such as those used for the removal of all types of pollutants, odors, and toxins, for example, from air or gas streams. Due to the high air permeability, a high filter efficiency is achieved for a given flow capacity of the medium to be purified, while maintaining equally high mechanical resistance of the underlying filters.

[0083] In addition, the protective filter material according to the invention, due to the very special combination and coordination of the underlying technical measures according to the invention, also combines opposing or diametrically opposed product properties in one and the same material: In addition to the high mechanical resistance or stability, it also has high air permeability and water vapor permeability as well as flexibility or pliability, as previously mentioned.

[0084] Due to the properties underlying the protective filter material according to the invention, the protective filter material according to the invention is also generally simple and feasible to manufacture on an industrial scale, while the filter material is also easily standardizable and has uniformly reproducible or specifically adjustable properties. Furthermore, the protective filter material is easy to (further) process, particularly into protective clothing, (technical) filters, or the like.

[0085] The high (further) tear resistance of the protective filter material according to the invention is also associated, in particular, with a high stability and durability of the protective filter material of protective articles produced on this basis (for example protective clothing or technical filters).

[0086] In particular, the (propagation) tear resistance can be used as a measure of the high overall stability of the protective filter material according to the invention and products made from it. In particular, with regard to the protective filter material according to the invention, the high (propagation) tear resistance also means that smaller and locally limited damage to the material, such as small (incisions) or cuts as well as pinpoint punctures or the like, do not lead to (propagation) tearing, even under continued mechanical stress, and thus do not lead to a complete loss of protective performance. This is also of central importance for ensuring a high level of protection against harmful or toxic substances. Furthermore, the composite or laminate structure on which the protective filter material according to the invention is based, in particular, is highly stable.The protective filter material according to the invention thus also exhibits high resistance to delamination or the destruction of the overall layer structure, for example, due to the separation of individual layers. This also allows for good further processing or cutting of the protective filter material according to the invention, for example, with regard to cut pieces for the production of protective clothing or the like. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, the protective filter material according to the invention also exhibits high wash resistance and high abrasion resistance.

[0087] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention can withstand strong mechanical or force-related stress, in particular high force-related tearing or tear propagation stress, as occurs, for example, in the case of protective clothing in military operations or in operations for hazard prevention or disaster control.

[0088] In summary, the applicant has thus surprisingly discovered that the mechanical properties, namely the (further) tear resistance, of a special fabric used as a textile carrier layer, in particular for a protective layer (for example based on an adsorption, particle, or aerosol filter material), can be significantly improved (which correspondingly also applies to the protective filter material according to the invention as such). The fabric has a warp thread system based on a plurality of warp threads and a weft thread system based on a plurality of weft threads, wherein, on the one hand, the fabric has floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, or some of the warp threads or weft threads are designed to float, and wherein, on the other hand, some of the warp threads are inserted multiple times, in particular twice, or some of the weft threads are inserted multiple times, in particular twice.In addition, a special adhesive application to the fabric to attach the protective layer, as described below, can ensure the development of a high (further) tear resistance.

[0089] In the protective filter material according to the invention, in particular with a protective function against chemical or biological or nuclear or radioactive pollutants or toxins, the tear and tear propagation resistance can be significantly increased or improved, for example, by up to 1.25 times, preferably 1.5 times, and more preferably 2 times or more, compared to prior art materials in an unexpected way based on such a design. In particular, high air and water vapor permeability is still ensured, along with high tensile and seam loads, as well as high pliability and flexibility, as previously mentioned.

[0090] Overall, the protective filter material according to the invention particularly meets the high performance requirements for protective filter materials in the field of ABC or CBRN protection.

[0091] The term “fabric”, as used in the context of the present invention, particularly for the textile-technical design of the carrier layer, is to be understood broadly and relates in particular to a textile fabric which has or consists of a thread arrangement or design based on a warp thread system formed by warp threads (synonymously also referred to as warps or warp yarns), on the one hand, and a weft thread system formed by weft threads (synonymously also referred to as wefts or weft yarns), on the other hand. The warp threads and weft threads, or the warp thread system and weft thread system, can cross one another, in particular regularly or in a pattern, and in particular at an angle of approximately 90° or almost 90°. The fabric can have special warp or weft types. According to the invention, the fabric has, in particular, floats and multiple-drawn warp threads ormultiple inserted weft threads.

[0092] In general, the fabric used according to the invention is particularly such that the warp threads run or are inserted at least in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, in particular at least substantially parallel to the fabric edge, and that the weft threads run or are inserted at least substantially in the transverse direction, in particular substantially parallel to the fabric edge. The warp and weft threads in the fabric preferably cross over at respective weaving or crossing points. In this respect, a frictional connection of the respective threads preferably exists in a fabric. In the context of the present invention, this is particularly such that corresponding weaving or crossing points are, so to speak, bridged by the provided floats. The formation of floats reduces the number of crossing points with a high frictional connection.

[0093] In the context of the present invention, it has been achieved in a completely surprising way to adjust the frictional engagement and the associated slip resistance or yarn mobility of the warp or weft threads underlying the fabric in such a way that in the event of (further) tearing stress, the previously described bundling of the threads or yarns or the further stabilization of the fabric is ensured or realized.

[0094] The term “float” (synonymously also referred to as float) is to be understood broadly within the scope of the present invention and relates in particular with regard to a respective warp thread or weft thread to the distance between two binding or crossing points and in this context thus in particular to a thread section of a respective warp or weft thread which extends over or spans a defined plurality, i.e. over at least two threads running at least substantially transversely thereto (i.e. weft threads in the case of warp thread floats and warp threads in the case of weft thread floats). A float is characterized in particular in that the floating thread section extends over or spans at least two threads of the respective other thread system (weft thread system in the case of warp thread floats and warp thread system in the case of weft thread floats).In addition, it is particularly the case that a float or the floating (thread) section is delimited or enclosed by respective binding or crossing points. According to the invention, the term "float" refers in particular to a configuration such that the floats in the warp direction each extend over or span at least two weft threads, or respectively, or wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over or span at least two warp threads.

[0095] In the context of the present invention, with regard to the floats provided, it is particularly the case, without wishing to be limited to or invoke this theory, that with corresponding (further) tearing stress, due to the high mobility of the underlying thread sections or the floating threads as a whole, amalgamation or bundling of adjacent (thread) groups is made possible, which leads to a stabilization and interruption of the fabric and interruption or prevention of (further) tearing.

[0096] In particular, within a group of adjacent warp threads, the multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads each have an identical thread path, particularly with regard to the sequence of floats or the sequence of thread lifts or lowers. Furthermore, within a group of adjacent weft threads, the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads each have an identical thread path, particularly with regard to the sequence of floats or the sequence of thread lifts or lowers.

[0097] The term "twill weave" is to be understood very broadly within the scope of the present invention and refers in particular to a (basic) weave type underlying the fabric with the presence of a corresponding thread float, as defined here. In particular, this can also be such that the underlying thread float is gradually offset with respect to adjacent or parallel threads. In particular, the fabric can have a twill weave as the basic weave.

[0098] Furthermore, the term “multiple, in particular double (double) inserted warp threads” or “multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads” as used in the context of the present invention refers in particular to a specific arrangement or specific course of the relevant warp threads or weft threads in the fabric.

[0099] In connection with the formation of multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads of multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that the fabric has a ripstop weave (ripstop construction).

[0100] In further connection with the formation of floats in relation to the simply drawn-in warp threads or simply inserted weft threads, the fabric can be designed according to the invention in particular as a ripstop fabric in twill weave.

[0101] According to the invention, the terms "yarn" on the one hand and "thread" on the other hand are to be understood equally broadly. In particular, the terms "yarn" and "thread" are used synonymously, whereby the aforementioned terms generally represent a collective term for all linear textile structures. In principle, the yarn or thread can be in the form of a monofilament or a multifilament. In particular, the yarn or thread can comprise one or more fibers or filaments. Alternatively, the yarn or thread can also be in the form of a fiber yarn. In addition, a sheath / core yarn (synonymously also referred to as core / sheath yarn or core / sheath yarn) or a core yarn can be used. In general, corresponding combinations can also be used. Reference can also be made to the following explanations.

[0102] As far as the term "(further) tear resistance" used in the context of the present invention is concerned, also synonymously referred to as "(further) tear resistance" or the like, this refers in particular to the property of a textile material, and in particular of the protective filter material according to the invention or of the fabric used as a textile carrier layer, to withstand an applied (further) tearing stress. In particular, this term refers to the resistance of a material to further tearing or tearing of an already damaged or (pre-)torn section of the material. In this context, the term "(further) tear force" refers in particular to the force acting on a textile material which is necessary for the (further) tearing of damage already present or introduced in the material, in particular in the form of a defined incision or tear.The (further) tear resistance of a textile material represents an important and established criterion for the evaluation of the mechanical resistance of corresponding textile materials.

[0103] In the context of the present invention, the (propagation) tear strength is determined or specified in particular on the basis of the so-called (propagation) tear force according to the leg method or on the basis of the leg (propagation) tear force, in particular in accordance with DIN ISO 13937-2, which is also specified in the harmonized standard for chemical protection suits DIN SPEC 19429. In this context, the (propagation) tear force can be determined in particular by cutting a rectangular specimen in the middle, whereby the specimen length is e.g. 100 mm or 200 mm with a central cut in the longitudinal direction of 50 mm or 100 mm, e.g. with a specimen width of 50 mm or 200 mm. The investigations or tests can be carried out in particular on a testing machine of type Z005 from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG. The (propagation) tear force is specified in the unit Newton (N).

[0104] In the following, the present invention is described with reference to preferred embodiments or illustrative drawings or figure representations, wherein the relevant statements apply to all aspects of the invention and wherein the corresponding preferred embodiments or configurations of the present invention are in no way limiting.

[0105] In the figure representations shows: Fig. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 comprises, in the sequence shown, a textile carrier layer 3, a protective layer 5, specifically based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c, and a textile cover layer 6 on the side of the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c facing away from the carrier layer 3; also illustrates Fig. 1A the bonding of the respective layers to form a laminate using a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 to connect the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the carrier layer 3 and with the use of a further adhesive 7 to connect the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the textile cover layer 6; Fig. 1B shows a further schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to a further embodiment of the present invention, according to which the protective layer 5 arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 and the textile cover layer 6 is based on a fibrous or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d or in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet); Fig. 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the protective filter material 1 has a textile carrier layer 3 and a textile cover layer 6 as well as a protective layer 5 arranged therebetween, which is connected to the textile carrier layer 3 by means of a discontinuously applied adhesive 4 and to the textile cover layer 6 by means of a (further) adhesive 7, wherein the protective layer 5 is designed as a particle or aerosol filter layer) 5e, for example in the form of a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air). Fig. 3A shows yet another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1, in which there is a protective layer 5 arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 and the textile cover layer 6, which protective layer is formed on the basis of a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, wherein the adsorber particles are arranged on the functional side 3a of the textile carrier layer 3 and wherein the particle or aerosol filter layer is arranged on the side of the adsorber particles facing away from the textile carrier layer; Fig. 3A equally shows the discontinuous bonding of the protective layer 5 or the adsorber particles 5c to the textile carrier layer 3 via the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”), the use of a further adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) for fixing the protective layer 5 or the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e to the textile cover layer 6 and the use of yet another adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”) for fixing or bonding the adsorber particles 5c to the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e; Fig. 3B is yet another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention, wherein the Fig. 3B shown protective filter material 1 corresponds to that according to Fig. 3A corresponds to the proviso that instead of the adsorbent particles 5c, a fibrous or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d in the form of an adsorptive sheet is used; Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a fabric 3c used according to the invention as a textile carrier layer 3, wherein the fabric 3c has warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e and wherein the fabric has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction (= warp floats 3f) and in the weft direction (= weft floats 3g), wherein the floats 3f each extend over two weft threads 3e or span them and wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over two warp threads 3d or span them; also shows Fig. 4, that a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice, whereby a part of the warp threads 3d is present with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3h, and that a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice, whereby a part of the weft threads 3e is present or formed with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3i; furthermore, Fig. 4 that the fabric 3c can be designed as a ripstop with a twill weave; Fig. 5 a schematic representation in the form of a weave pattern of a fabric 3c used according to the invention as a carrier layer 3, according to which the fabric 3c is present or formed as a ripstop fabric in twill weave, wherein the fabric 3c is formed in particular as a ripstop fabric in twill weave; in particular, Fig. 5 the structural design of the floats 3f in the warp direction or the warp floats 3f as well as the multiple, in particular double (thread) draw-in 3h, 3i; in Fig. 5 the unfilled or white fields or boxes each represent a thread drop or warp drop and the hatched boxes or fields each represent a thread lift or warp lift; Fig. 6A is yet another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1 according to the invention with a textile carrier layer 3, a protective layer 5 (based in particular on spherical adsorber particles 5c) and a textile cover layer 6 and with the bonding of the respective layers on the basis of the adhesive 4 and the further adhesive 7 (cf. also Fig. 1A), wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 further comprises an outer layer 9 (outer fabric), wherein the outer layer 9 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5; Fig. 6B is another schematic cross-sectional view of an ABC protective filter material 1, in which the protective layer 5 is formed on the basis of a combination of a layered arrangement of adsorber particles 5c and an additional particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, wherein the protective layer 5 is arranged between the textile carrier layer 3 and the cover layer 6 and wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 additionally has an outer layer 9 (outer fabric), specifically on the cover layer 6, wherein the outer layer 9 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5.

[0106] The figure representations according to Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. 6A, Fig. 6B (as well as the other figures) particularly illustrate the first aspect of the present invention, according to which, according to the invention, an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular an ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, is proposed, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double) (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3h) and a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular twice, (thread) insertion 3i).

[0107] According to the invention, with regard to the fabric 3c used as textile carrier layer 3, the fabric 3c has warp floats 3f and / or weft floats 3g. Furthermore, for the fabric 3c used as textile carrier layer 3, within the scope of the present invention, the fabric 3c is particularly such that some of the warp threads 3d are present and / or designed with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3h, or that some of the weft threads 3e are present and / or designed with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3i. In this regard, reference can also be made to the illustrations according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

[0108] In connection with the special design of floats in the carrier layer 3 provided according to the invention, the fabric 3c as a whole exhibits high (further) tear resistance, particularly since, under appropriate force loading, the defined yarn mobility enables efficient bundling or juxtaposition of the respective threads. However, the invention also provides that the fabric 3c as a whole nevertheless exhibits high slip resistance, so that the fabric 3c also exhibits high (dimensional) stability.

[0109] In connection with the presence of the previously mentioned floats of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, the invention is particularly such that the fabric 3c has a twill weave or can be formed on the basis of a twill weave.

[0110] Particularly with regard to the preferred embodiment according to the invention, according to which the fabric 3c has a twill weave or can be formed based on a twill weave or according to which the fabric 3c has the floats described according to the invention, it is particularly provided that the fabric 3c does not have a plain weave and / or is free of a plain weave. In particular, the fabric 3c is not formed as a plain weave in this regard. As detailed herein, the fabric 3c used as the textile carrier layer 3 can, within the scope of the present invention, be present or formed in particular as a ripstop fabric in a twill weave.

[0111] The presence of warp threads with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertions 3h or of weft threads with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertions 3i is accompanied by a further stabilization of the fabric 3c with regard to high (further) tear resistance. In particular, further mechanical stabilization is achieved, also with regard to the prevention of the formation of tears or the like in the event of (further) tear stress.

[0112] As previously explained, the invention is particularly such that a portion of the threads forming the fabric is provided with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3h or (thread) insertion 3i. In this context, the invention particularly provides that a portion, in particular the other portion, of the warp threads 3d is inserted simply (individually) and / or that a portion, in particular the other portion, of the weft threads 3e is inserted simply (individually), as particularly in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5. The other part mentioned above thus refers in particular to the part of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e which differs from the multiple, in particular double (double) drawn or inserted threads, which are thus drawn or inserted once.

[0113] According to the invention, the textile carrier layer 3 is generally designed as a woven fabric 3c with a warp thread system formed from a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a weft thread system formed from a plurality of weft threads 3e. In this context, the floats in the warp direction and / or the part of the floating warp threads 3d can be part of the warp thread system and / or form the warp thread system, and / or, preferably and, wherein the floats in the weft direction and / or the part of the floating weft threads 3e can be part of the weft thread system and / or can form the weft thread system. In this regard, reference can also be made in particular to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

[0114] As equally particularly in Fig. 4, the warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, can be arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another, and / or, preferably and, the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, can be arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another. Fig. 4 also illustrates that the warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the weft threads 3e, or that the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the warp threads 3d.

[0115] According to the invention, with regard to providing a high (further) tear resistance, the floats 3f, 3g are designed in such a way that, under the action of a forceful (further) tear stress, threads 3d, 3e arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, and preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled.In addition, it is provided according to the invention in particular that the floats 3f, 3g are designed in such a way that after the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, threads 3d, 3e arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, and preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed together and / or bundled arrangement.

[0116] In particular, in this context, under the influence of a forceful (further) tearing stress, particularly in the area of ​​the (further) tearing point or in a tear area or tear triangle, a displacement or bundling of the respective threads can occur or be caused, so to speak, so to speak, a local reinforcement of the material occurs, which requires a higher (further) tearing force for (further) tearing. This can effectively prevent (further) tearing. In this context, the threads with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3h or (thread) insertion 3i also lead to a further mechanical reinforcement of the material or the underlying fabric 3c, so that the (further) tear resistance is further increased.

[0117] According to the invention, the fabric 3c is particularly configured such that the floats 3f are formed in the warp direction such that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads 3d are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled. In particular, the floats 3f can be configured in the warp direction such that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads 3d are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement.

[0118] In a corresponding manner, the invention provides, in particular, that the floats 3g are formed in the weft direction such that, under the action of a force-induced (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads 3e are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled. In particular, the floats 3g can be formed in the weft direction such that, under the action of a preferably load-induced (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads 3e are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement, as described below and in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 shown.

[0119] Furthermore, the invention provides in particular that the floats 3f in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another and / or to run at least substantially parallel to any non-floating warp threads 3d that may be present. Furthermore, the invention provides in particular that the floats 3f in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another and / or to run at least substantially parallel to any non-floating weft threads 3e that may be present.This ensures a particularly good overall displacement of the respective threads 3d, 3e under (further) tearing stress, accompanied by an efficient pushing together or bundling of the parallel threads 3d, 3e. Regarding the arrangement of the respective floats, reference can also be made to . Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

[0120] According to an embodiment of the invention, the floats 3f in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the weft direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating weft threads 3e or are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the non-floating weft threads 3e that may be present.Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, can be arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the warp direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating warp threads 3d and / or at least substantially perpendicular to any non-floating warp threads 3d that may be present. In this way, optimal stabilization or an increase in the (further) tear resistance can be achieved both in the warp direction and in the weft direction. This also means that the (further) tear resistance can be increased in all directions, relative to the main plane of extension of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.This ensures high tear resistance, independent of the direction of the applied tear stress, particularly since the threads with floats can be combined or bundled in both the warp and weft directions. This can also be done using . Fig. 4.

[0121] As equally in Fig. 4 and also in Fig. 5, the invention is particularly such that the floats 3f are formed along a respective warp thread path by (exactly) one warp thread 3d, preferably by a single (individually) inserted warp thread 3d. The warp threads comprising the floats can in particular be single (individually) inserted warp threads 3d. In addition, the floats 3g can be formed along a respective weft thread path by (exactly) one weft thread 3e, preferably by a single (individually) inserted weft thread 3e. In this regard, the weft threads comprising the floats can be formed by single (individually) inserted weft threads 3e.

[0122] With regard to the following explanations regarding floats 3f and 3g, the information on the extension and the information on the successive thread lifts can also be used as a measure of the length of a particular float. In this context, the respective warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e exhibit optimal properties with regard to the intended displacement, juxtaposition, and bundling under (further) tearing stress.

[0123] As far as the floats 3f in the warp direction are concerned, the following designs have proven to be particularly advantageous.

[0124] In particular, according to the invention, the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over or span at least two weft threads 3e, preferably over (exactly) two weft threads 3e. In other words, in this regard, the floats 3f bridge at least two weft threads 3e, preferably (exactly) two weft threads 3e.

[0125] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it can be such that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over a maximum of five weft threads 3e, in particular over a maximum of four weft threads 3e, preferably over a maximum of three weft threads 3e, preferably over a maximum of two weft threads 3e, and / or span these in each case.

[0126] In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over two to five weft threads 3e, in particular two to four weft threads 3e, and / or each span these.

[0127] In particular, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over (exactly) two weft threads 3e and / or span them.

[0128] Due to the aforementioned designs or lengths of the floats 3f in the warp direction, on the one hand, a high thread or yarn mobility is achieved, which benefits the displacement and bundling of the warp threads 3d having the floats 3f under (further) tearing stress, while on the other hand, a defined slip resistance is still provided, so that the integrity or stability of the fabric 3c as such is still guaranteed.

[0129] With regard to the floats 3f of the warp threads 3d, it can also be provided according to the invention in particular that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have at least two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0130] In particular, the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, can each have a maximum of five (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular a maximum of four (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably a maximum of three (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably a maximum of two (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0131] According to the invention, it can be provided in this context in particular that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have two to five (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular two to four (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0132] In addition, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the floats 3f in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread lifts (warp lifts).

[0133] According to the present invention, the floats 3f in the warp direction can be closed and / or enclosed at their respective ends, in particular at both ends, by at least one thread drop (warp drop), in particular (exactly) one thread drop (warp drop). This can also Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 can be taken.

[0134] In this context, the invention can provide for a series of respective floats 3f along a warp thread 3d, which are separated from each other by at least one thread drop (warp drop), preferably only by (exactly) one thread drop (warp drop). This also leads to particularly good displacement of the warp threads 3d and bundling in the event of (further) tearing stress.

[0135] According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that at least some of the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, are each designed to be at least substantially continuous and / or at least substantially completely floating. In particular, it can be provided that the floats 3f are present and / or arranged at least substantially along the entire warp thread course and / or at least substantially along the entire warp thread extension of the respective warp threads 3d. This also promotes the displaceability or mobility of the respective warp threads 3d under (further) tearing stress.

[0136] According to the invention, it can also be provided that at least some of the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or in relation to the respective warp thread extension, each have at least one float 3f, in particular at least two floats 3f, preferably a plurality of floats 3f, in relation to the weave repeat of the fabric 3c and / or in relation to an individual warp thread 3d having the floats 3f.

[0137] In this regard, it can also be provided according to the invention that at least some of the warp threads 3d or the warp threads 3d, preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or based on the respective warp thread extension, each have a number of floats 3f in the range from 2 to 50, in particular in the range from 2 to 40, preferably in the range from 3 to 30, preferably in the range from 4 to 20, based on the weave repeat of the fabric 3c and / or based on an individual warp thread 3d having the floats 3f.

[0138] The above numerical values ​​relating to the number of floats therefore refer to a single warp thread 3d as such.

[0139] The following section will now discuss the formation of the floats 3g in relation to the weft threads 3e.

[0140] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over at least two warp threads 3d, preferably over (exactly) two warp threads, and / or each span them.

[0141] In addition, the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, can each extend over a maximum of five warp threads 3d, in particular over a maximum of four warp threads 3d, preferably over a maximum of three warp threads 3d, preferably over a maximum of two warp threads 3d, and / or span these in each case.

[0142] Furthermore, the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, can each extend over two to five warp threads 3d, in particular over two to four warp threads 3d, and / or span these. In particular, the invention can provide for the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, to each extend over (exactly) two warp threads 3d and / or span these.

[0143] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have at least two (successive) thread depressions, preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread depressions.

[0144] In addition, the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, can each have a maximum of five (consecutive) thread depressions, in particular a maximum of four (consecutive) thread depressions, preferably a maximum of three (consecutive) thread depressions, preferably a maximum of two (consecutive) thread depressions.

[0145] Furthermore, the floats 3g can each have two to five (consecutive) thread depressions, in particular two to four (consecutive) thread depressions, in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system.

[0146] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the floats 3g in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread depressions.

[0147] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the floats 3g are each closed and / or enclosed in the weft direction at their respective ends, in particular at both ends, by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift.

[0148] In particular, it can be the case according to the invention that the floats 3g are arranged in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, in a respective weft thread 3e in direct succession, in particular wherein the floats 3g in a respective weft thread 3e are each closed and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift.

[0149] The above-mentioned statements on the design or arrangement of the thread lifts (“thread lift”) or thread drop (“thread drop”) of the floating warp threads 3d (“warp lift” or “warp drop”) and the floating weft threads 3e refer to the same plan view of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 or to the same fabric side or the visible side of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 as the reference system to be used (i.e. to the same surface view of the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3).

[0150] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that at least a part of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or with respect to the respective weft thread extension, is or are each formed at least substantially continuously and / or at least substantially completely floating.

[0151] In particular, according to the invention, it can behave in such a way that the floats 3g are present and / or arranged at least substantially in the entire weft thread course and / or at least substantially in the entire weft thread extension of the respective weft threads 3e.

[0152] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that at least some of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or in relation to the respective weft thread extension, each have at least one float 3g, in particular at least two floats 3g, preferably a plurality of floats 3g, in relation to the weave repeat of the fabric 3c and / or in relation to an individual weft thread 3e having the floats 3g.

[0153] Furthermore, it can be provided within the scope of the present invention that at least some of the weft threads 3e or the weft threads 3e, preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or based on the respective weft thread extension, each have a number of floats 3g in the range from 2 to 50, in particular in the range from 2 to 40, preferably in the range from 3 to 30, preferably in the range from 4 to 20, based on the weave repeat of the fabric 3c and / or based on an individual weft thread 3e having the floats 3g.

[0154] In addition, the following can be stated regarding the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e: Particularly good properties with regard to thread mobility or juxtaposition or bundling under (further) tearing stress are also achieved according to the invention if at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every, warp thread 3d, preferably simply (individually) drawn-in warp thread 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats 3f, in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably and, if at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every weft thread 3e, preferably simply (individually) inserted weft thread 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0155] According to the invention, in this context, it can be such that at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the warp threads 3d, preferably the simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system and based on the total number of warp threads 3d, preferably the total number of simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above.

[0156] Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the weft threads 3e, preferably of the simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system and based on the total number of weft threads 3e, preferably on the total number of simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0157] Particularly good properties with regard to (further) tear resistance are achieved if at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the warp threads 3, preferably the simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, and the weft threads 3e, in particular in the warp thread system and the weft thread system and based on the total number of warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, preferably the total number of simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d and simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0158] In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, warp threads 3d arranged next to one another and / or following one another, in particular simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above.

[0159] Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, juxtaposed and / or successive weft threads 3e, in particular simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0160] In addition, according to an embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that each warp thread 3d, in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats 3f and / or wherein the warp threads 3d in their entirety and / or all warp threads 3d are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f and / or wherein 100% of the warp threads 3d, in particular in the warp thread system and based on the total number of warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3f, in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably and, that each weft thread 3e, in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats 3g and / or wherein the weft threads 3e in their entirety and / or all weft threads 3e are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g and / or wherein 100% of the weft threads 3e, in particular in the weft thread system and based on the total number of warp threads 3d, are designed to be floating and / or have floats 3g, in particular as defined above.

[0161] In addition, the fabric 3c used according to the invention as a textile carrier layer 3 can be designed as follows: Thus, the fabric 3c can have a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement at least in sections and / or regions, in particular in the sections and / or regions formed by simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d and / or by simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e. For this purpose, for example, Fig. 5. This also results in a defined pattern with respect to the surface of the fabric 3c. In particular, the burr formation results from the special arrangement of the warp and weft threads 3d, 3e and the corresponding arrangement and formation of the floats 3f, 3g. The provision of a special burr formation also has a positive influence on the (further) tear resistance, also with regard to a controlled displacement of the respective threads to form a thread bundle under forceful (further) tear stress.

[0162] In this context, it can also be provided according to the invention that the respective float courses and / or sequences of adjacent warp threads 3d, in particular of adjacent simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, are offset and / or shifted relative to one another, preferably along the respective warp thread courses and / or with respect to the warp direction, in particular by at least one weft (thread) row and / or weft (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (or present burr) and / or a burr-shaped (thread) arrangement in the fabric 3c is present at least in sections and / or regions.

[0163] Furthermore, the respective float courses and / or sequences of adjacent weft threads 3e, in particular of adjacent simply (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, can be offset and / or shifted relative to one another, preferably along the respective weft thread courses and / or relative to the weft direction, in particular by at least one warp (thread) row and / or warp (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (or present burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement in the fabric 3c is present at least in sections and / or regions.

[0164] Through the special burr formation based on the thread or float formation or arrangement, the (further) tear resistance can be further specifically adjusted or increased. In particular, the shiftability, juxtaposition, or bundling of the respective threads under (further) tear stress can be further optimized or improved.

[0165] In this context, it can also be provided according to the invention that the ridge formation (or the ridge) and / or ridge-shaped (thread) arrangement has at least one ridge direction change, in particular a plurality of ridge direction changes, in particular so that the ridge formation and / or ridge-shaped (thread) arrangement is present and / or designed as a herringbone, in particular wherein the ridge direction change occurs and / or is present at and / or adjacent to the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads 3d.

[0166] In the following, reference is made in particular to special embodiments of the multiple, in particular double (double) drawn-in warp threads 3d (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, (thread) drawing-in 3h) or the multiple, in particular double (double) drawn-in weft threads 3e (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3i).

[0167] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular, as in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 shows that (also) the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads 3d (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, (thread) drawing-in 3h) and / or, preferably and, (also) the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads 3e (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3i) each have floats 3f, 3g and / or are each designed to float. Thus, the respective warp and weft threads 3d, 3e can also be specifically adjusted with regard to their behavior (displaceability) under (further) tearing stress.

[0168] In particular, against this background, it can be provided according to the invention that (also) the warp threads 3d which are drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), each have floats 3f and / or are each designed to be floating.

[0169] In this context, the warp threads 3d drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d can each have an identical (overall) float course and / or an identical float sequence and / or formation, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts (warp lifts) and / or thread lowerings (warp lowerings), preferably along the respective warp thread courses and / or related to the respective warp thread extensions.

[0170] According to the invention, it can equally be provided that the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e each have floats 3g and / or are each designed to be floating, in particular as defined above.

[0171] In this context, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e can each have an identical (overall) float course and / or an identical float sequence and / or formation, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts and / or thread lowering, preferably along the respective weft thread courses and / or related to the respective weft thread extensions.

[0172] According to an embodiment of the invention, however, it can also be provided that at least some of the multiple, in particular twice (double), inserted warp threads 3d have no floats and / or are each non-floating; or that at least some of the multiple, in particular twice (double), inserted weft threads 3e have no floats and / or are each non-floating. This can, for example, result in a more secure integration of the multiple inserted warp threads 3d or multiple inserted weft threads 3e in the fabric 3c, accompanied by a higher displacement force, for example under forceful (further) tearing stress. On this basis, the multiple inserted warp or weft threads 3d, 3e can - without wishing to rely on or be limited to this theory - form an additional tear blocking or (further) tear blocking, in particular also on the basis of the multiple orDouble thread insertion with the associated mechanical reinforcement. In particular, due to the higher displacement resistance of the multiple-inserted warp or weft threads 3d, 3e, floating warp or weft threads 3d, 3e can shift under (further) tear stress in the direction of the reinforcement formed by the multiple-inserted warp or weft threads 3d, 3e, forming a (further) tear-resistant thread bundle together with the multiple-inserted or inserted threads in this area.

[0173] Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 further illustrate an embodiment according to the invention, according to which it can be provided that, within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular twice (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d are arranged identically and / or coextensively along their warp thread courses and / or warp thread extensions and / or with respect to the warp direction. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that, within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular twice (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d are arranged coextensively. In particular, within a group of adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular twice (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d can be at least substantially completely in contact with one another and / or at least substantially completely abut one another along their warp thread courses and / or warp thread extensions.The identical arrangement of the warp threads 3d forming a group of adjacent threads in the direction of the thread path provides even greater mechanical strength. Due to their identical arrangement, the warp threads 3d forming the group function, so to speak, as a single thread in mechanical terms. This simultaneously provides defined displacement properties under forceful (further) tearing stress. The identical or identical arrangement or the identical binding formation of the underlying warp threads 3d refers in particular to the entire warp thread path or the entire length of the respective warp threads in the warp thread system of the fabric 3d.

[0174] As particularly in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it can further be provided according to the invention that within two or more groups of non-adjacent warp threads 3d, multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d are spaced and / or separated in the fabric 3c, in particular in the warp thread system.

[0175] In this context, it can be provided in particular that the spacing and / or separation is carried out and / or provided by at least one single (individually) drawn-in warp thread 3d, in particular by a plurality of single (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d, in particular wherein the respective single (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d are arranged in the fabric 3c, in particular in the warp thread system, in particular next to one another between the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d and the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d adjacent thereto.

[0176] According to the invention, it can be provided that the spacing and / or separation is carried out or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads 3d.

[0177] By means of the aforementioned measures, high (further) tear resistances are provided according to the invention, even taking into account a low basis weight and given flexibility or pliability of the textile material or fabric 3c, wherein a defined thread mobility is also provided, in particular under (further) tear stress.

[0178] In a manner corresponding to the previously mentioned warp threads 3d, the weft threads 3e or the weft thread system of the fabric 3c can also behave as follows according to the invention: In particular, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e can be arranged identically and / or coextensively along their weft thread courses and / or weft thread extensions and / or with respect to the weft direction. Furthermore, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e can be arranged coextensively. Furthermore, within a group of adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e can be at least substantially completely in contact with one another along their warp thread courses and / or weft thread extensions and / or can be at least substantially completely in contact with one another.

[0179] Likewise, within the scope of the present invention, it may also be such that, within two or more groups of non-adjacent weft threads 3e, multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e are spaced and / or separated from adjacent multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e in the fabric 3c, in particular in the weft thread system.In particular, it can be provided in this context that the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one individually inserted weft thread 3e, in particular by a plurality of singly (individually) inserted weft threads 3e, in particular wherein the respective individually inserted weft threads 3e are arranged in the fabric 3c, in particular in the weft thread system, in particular next to one another between the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e and the adjacent multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e. In this regard, the spacing and / or separation can be effected and / or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, more preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, singly (individually) inserted weft threads 3e.

[0180] In addition, the following designs have also proven to be advantageous with regard to the formation and coordination of the threads forming the fabric 3c: According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d and the remaining warp threads 3d, in particular the single (single) drawn-in warp threads 3d, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) and / or thread diameters compared to one another; and / or, preferably and, that the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads 3e and the remaining weft threads 3e, in particular the single (single) inserted weft threads 3e, have an at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal linear density (fineness or thickness) and / or thread diameter compared to one another.

[0181] In particular, it may be the case according to the invention that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another.

[0182] In other words, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that all threads forming the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, in particular warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, have an at least substantially identical or the same titre.

[0183] As far as the above-mentioned titres (fineness or thickness) are concerned, it can, however, in principle be provided that the respective titres (fineness or thickness) differ from one another by a maximum of 15%, in particular a maximum of 10%, preferably a maximum of 5%, preferably a maximum of 2%, particularly preferably a maximum of 1%, very particularly preferably a maximum of 0.5%, in particular based on the respective larger value.

[0184] The inventive use of threads with the same linear density or thread diameter also results in a uniform (cross-sectional) thickness of the fabric 3c, which results in improved material properties, particularly with regard to providing a uniform surface structure (improved feel and appearance) as well as defined flexibility or pliability. Furthermore, the uniformly structured surface also allows for better fixation or bonding with other layers, particularly with regard to the protective layer 5 of the fabric 3c.

[0185] In general, the yarns used for the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can have a linear density (fineness, thickness) in the range from 20 dtex to 200 dtex, in particular in the range from 30 dtex to 150 dtex, preferably in the range from 30 dtex to 125 dtex. The linear density can be determined in particular on the basis of DIN IN ISO 2060:1995. Furthermore, the yarns used for the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can have a diameter (fiber or yarn diameter) in the range from 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, in particular determined according to DIN 53 811 (July 1970).

[0186] Furthermore, as regards the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, this can have a twill weave, at least in sections and / or regions, in particular based on or in conjunction with individually inserted warp threads 3d and / or, preferably and, the individually inserted weft threads 3e. In particular, the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), can have a warp twill weave and / or a weft twill weave, preferably a warp twill weave and a weft twill weave, at least in sections and / or regions.

[0187] According to one embodiment of the invention, the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 can have a double twill weave or be designed as a double twill. Other twill designs or modifications are also possible, such as herringbone twill, diamond twill, or the like. Combinations of these are also possible.

[0188] The twill weave underlying the fabric 3c or the carrier layer 3 is based in particular on the formation or presence of the floats mentioned here.

[0189] In this context, it can be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular in sections and / or regions, has a K2 / 1 weave, K3 / 1 weave, K4 / 1 weave, K2 / 2 weave or K3 / 2 weave; in particular a K2 / 1 weave, K3 / 1 weave or K4 / 1 weave; preferably a K2 / 1 weave or K3 / 1 weave, preferably a K2 / 1 weave (in particular as a twill and / or in particular with respect to the warp side or as a warp-side twill).

[0190] In addition, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular in sections and / or regions, has a ripstop weave, in particular based on or in connection with the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads 3d and / or, preferably and, the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in weft threads 3e. As previously stated, the multiple, in particular double (double) drawn-in warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e form local reinforcements or further tear-blocking or (further) tear-blocking threads or structures.

[0191] According to the invention, it can preferably be provided that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, is designed as a ripstop fabric with a twill weave. This provides particularly good properties with regard to providing high (further) tear strength and resistance.

[0192] In particular, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can be designed as K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop, K4 / 1 ripstop, K2 / 2 ripstop or K3 / 2 ripstop, in particular K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop or K4 / 1 ripstop, preferably as K2 / 1 ripstop or K3 / 1 ripstop, preferably K2 / 1 ripstop.

[0193] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, is designed as a ripstop fabric in warp twill weave and / or as a ripstop fabric in weft twill weave, preferably as a ripstop fabric in warp twill and weft twill weave. In particular, the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can be present or designed as a ripstop twill fabric. For this purpose, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.

[0194] Within the scope of the present invention, it has proven particularly advantageous both with regard to providing high (further) tear resistance and excellent physiological properties when the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is formed on the basis of special yarns or comprises them, as explained below: Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn (core / sheath yarn), preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material.

[0195] According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided according to the invention that the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, has or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0196] The multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn used according to the invention is, in particular, a yarn comprising or consisting of two components, namely a sheath on the one hand and a core on the other. The core is based on or consists in particular of a chemical fiber material or synthetic material, in particular in the form of a synthetic (continuous) thread. In particular, the core can be formed by a multifilament or monofilament, preferably multifilament. In particular, the core can be formed by a polyester multifilament. The sheath material preferably comprises or consists of a natural fiber material, which is arranged around the core material.

[0197] The multi-component yarns or sheath / core yarns used in the present invention are characterized in particular by high mechanical resistance and resilience, wherein the yarns are also essentially non-stretchable or non-elastic, with the relevant properties being provided in particular by the core material. At the same time, the multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn used according to the invention has excellent physiological properties in that it has a good feel and high moisture absorption, which is achieved in particular by the sheath material. Polyester yarns, such as those available from KOSA GmbH & Co. KG, can be used as the core material, for example. The multi-component yarn or sheath / core yarn can be produced, for example, using relevant spinning processes, which is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0198] As far as the formation of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is concerned, it can be advantageous according to the invention that the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, preferably all warp threads 3d and all weft threads 3e, are each formed by or comprise the sheath / core yarn, in particular by the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0199] In this regard, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, can be formed exclusively by the at least one sheath / core yarn, in particular sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0200] In particular, the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, may not comprise any further yarn and / or any further fiber different from the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0201] Particularly good properties in terms of stability (including providing high (further) tear resistance) combined with good haptics and wearing physiology as well as high dimensional stability (due to the low extensibility or elasticity) are further achieved with regard to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c if the sheath / core yarn has a certain weight ratio of sheath material to core material: Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided that the sheath / core yarn has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80): (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70): (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65): (45 to 35). In addition, it can be provided that the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80): (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70): (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65): (45 to 35).

[0202] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can be formed as a single yarn.

[0203] In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range from 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range from 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range from 60 dtex to 110 dtex. In particular, the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn, especially the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a linear density (fineness or thickness) in the range of 25 dtex to 125 dtex, in particular in the range of 40 dtex to 110 dtex, preferably in the range of 50 dtex to 100 dtex. The linear density can be determined in particular based on DIN EN ISO 2060:1995.

[0204] According to the invention, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex. In addition, the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), can have a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range from 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range from 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range from 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range from 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range from 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex.The maximum tensile force can be determined in particular according to DIN 53 834-2:1979.

[0205] In general, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can comprise or consist of a single and / or uniform type of sheath / core yarn within the scope of the present invention, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as the sheath material and polyester (PES) as the core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform sheath and / or core design and / or with a uniform linear density. This ensures not only a uniform appearance but also uniform haptic, physiological, and mechanical properties.

[0206] In this context, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a warp thread count and / or warp thread density in the range from 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range from 15 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range from 20 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range from 25 warp threads / cm to 35 warp threads / cm. In this context, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a weft thread count and / or weft thread density in the range of 5 weft threads / cm to 45 weft threads / cm, in particular in the range of 10 weft threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range of 15 weft threads / cm to 35 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range of 20 weft threads / cm to 30 weft threads / cm. In particular, DIN EN 1049 Part 2 can be used for this purpose.

[0207] As previously stated, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, on which the protective filter material 1 is based according to the invention is characterized by excellent (further) tear resistance, in particular as a result of the special technical measures provided according to the invention for the protective filter material 1 or the carrier layer 3.

[0208] As previously stated, the values ​​cited are based in particular on a so-called leg (propagation) tear test. In particular, the corresponding (propagation) tear strength can be determined according to DIN ISO 13937-2:2000. The high (propagation) tear strength of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is also reflected in the protective filter material 1 according to the invention itself.

[0209] In this context, the carrier layer 3, in particular the woven fabric 3c, can have a (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance), in particular (propagation) tear force (preferably tear propagation force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, preferably at least 40 N, particularly preferably at least 50 N. In particular, the carrier layer 3, in particular the woven fabric 3c, can have a (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear propagation resistance), in particular (propagation) tear force (preferably tear propagation force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range from 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range from 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range from 35 N to 300 N, preferably in the range from 40 N to 250 N, particularly preferably in the range from 50 N to 250 N.

[0210] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3 used according to the invention, in particular the fabric 3c, also has a very high maximum tensile strength, which equally benefits the mechanical stability: Thus, according to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 150 N, in particular at least 250 N, preferably at least 350 N, preferably at least 400 N.

[0211] In this context, it can equally be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range from 150 N to 1,200 N, in particular in the range from 250 N to 1,100 N, preferably in the range from 350 N to 1,000 N, preferably in the range from 400 N to 950 N. The maximum tensile force can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1:2013.

[0212] The carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is also characterized by a low basis weight and, at the same time, high stability: In particular, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have a basis weight in the range of 40 g / m 2 up to 250 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 200 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 60 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 70 g / m 2up to 120 g / m 2 , have. The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0213] In addition, the thickness, in particular the cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is of corresponding importance with regard to the functional properties, for example with regard to bendability, flexibility, stability and air permeability. In general, the invention can provide for the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, to have a thickness, in particular the cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.01 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.075 mm to 3 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. The thickness or cross-sectional thickness can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0214] Furthermore, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have an air permeability of at least 5 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular at least 10 l·m -2 s -1, preferably at least 50 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 100 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably at least 200 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0215] In particular, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can have an air permeability of in the range of 5 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,500 l·m -2 s -1 m, especially in the range of 100 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,250 l·m -2 s -1 m, preferably in the range of 200 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,000 l·m -2 s -1 m, preferably in the range of 400 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,800 l·m -2 s -1m, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal.

[0216] In particular with regard to providing a high level of wearing comfort when using the protective filter material 1 according to the invention for or as protective suits, as well as with regard to the properties for use in technical filter applications, it is particularly provided according to the invention that the protective filter material 1 as such and thus also the carrier layer 3 and the fabric 3c are each designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0217] According to the present invention, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c has been subjected to a finishing and / or pretreatment. In this context, the applicant has surprisingly discovered that this can further improve the properties of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, including with regard to (further) tear resistance.

[0218] In particular, according to the invention, it can therefore be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is finished and / or has a finishing treatment, in particular wherein the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has been subjected to a finishing treatment. Within the scope of the finishing, the following treatment steps in particular can be carried out, either individually or in an appropriate combination (preferably in the following order): In particular, it can be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is dyed, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye, in particular at least one reactive dye and at least one disperse dye. The aforementioned dyes are associated with particularly good fixation on the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and also do not lead to roughening of the material, so that the sliding properties of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e are maintained. - According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is surface-treated, in particular by means of at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, in particular using at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably polyethylene dispersion. The targeted finishing of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c of the aforementioned type is accompanied in particular by a further improvement in the (further) tear resistance, specifically also with regard to better sliding of the threads or yarns (warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e) under (further) tear stress. In addition, the abrasion resistance is also increased. The processing in the context of providing the protective filter material according to the invention or related protective clothing is also further improved, in particular with regard to the sewing properties.Furthermore, the surface quality of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is improved in terms of feel by the aforementioned treatment. In particular, this provides a softer or smoother surface. This also leads to improved gliding of the threads or yarns (warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e) during a (further) tearing process. Furthermore, particularly during finishing, it can be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is sanforized (shrunk). This increases the dimensional stability of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c. In general, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can also be shrunk using a tenter frame.

[0219] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is pretreated and / or has been subjected to a pretreatment, in particular before carrying out the finishing treatment, in particular as defined above. In this context, it may be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is singed. The singeing may be carried out thermally. This ensures, in particular, that, for example, protruding fine "fiber hairs" are removed. This measure also improves the sliding behavior of the yarns or threads (warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e) during a (further) tearing process. - Furthermore, according to the invention, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can be desized. The desizing can be carried out enzymatically and / or using enzymes. This allows the removal of any previously present sizing film or coating, which in particular comprises starch. In this regard, starch-degrading enzymes, such as amylases, can be used. Furthermore, water-soluble sizes can also be used. - Furthermore, it can be provided, particularly within the scope of the pretreatment, that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is bleached, in particular wherein the bleaching has been carried out using at least one bleaching agent, in particular sodium chlorite and / or hydrogen peroxide. This degrades, for example, residues, such as hydrophobic plant residues, on the fiber, thereby increasing hydrophilicity and improving dye uptake during dyeing (cf. above). In particular, a level or uniform dyeing can also be achieved on this basis during subsequent finishing. In particular, it can also be provided that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is leached. In this regard, the leaching can be carried out using at least one alkali, in particular sodium hydroxide solution. The leaching can also serve to increase fiber strength. The carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can in principle also be mercerized.

[0220] The aforementioned pretreatment also ensures, in particular, an optimization of the finishing process, as described above. The finishing and / or pretreatment measures according to the invention are directly reflected in the underlying carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, also with a view to improving the overall underlying (further) tear resistance.

[0221] Within the scope of the present invention, a very specific adhesive application or adhesive distribution, optimized with a view to ensuring high (propagation) tear resistance, can be used to bond the respective layers, in particular the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention. In this context, the specific adhesive application ensures that, even when the protective filter material 1 is formed in the form of a laminate or composite, a high degree of thread or yarn mobility is still present in the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, and that the yarn mobility is not excessively influenced by the adhesive application. Consequently, even in the event of (propagation) tear stress, efficient aggregation or bundling of the respective threads is ensured despite the bonding, with a view to providing high (propagation) tear resistance.

[0222] As explained in detail below, within the scope of the present invention, the adhesive application for connecting the layers, in particular the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, is designed in a targeted and purposeful manner such that the thread or yarn mobility in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c is still ensured, accompanied by the effective formation of the previously mentioned "bundle effect" or "cable effect" in the event of (further) tearing stress.

[0223] With regard to the preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 used to bond the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5, according to one embodiment of the invention, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is present and / or designed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots and / or in the form of a grid with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots. Overall, the adhesive 4 is preferably applied discontinuously and in particular in the form of dots or grids, so that the (adhesive) layer formed by the adhesive 4 or the adhesive polymer is permeable to air. In addition, an adhesive coating or a coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 4 can also be carried out by means of a doctor blade or by means of doctor blade application. In addition, the adhesive 4 can also be designed as an (adhesive) foam, in particular a broken (adhesive) foam.Adhesive webs or the like may also be used.

[0224] According to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) covers at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c, and / or of the protective layer 5, preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or of the protective layer 5, particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer 3 and / or of the protective layer 5, very particularly preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c, and / or of the protective layer 5.

[0225] In particular, the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) may be used in an amount in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 75 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 50 g / m 2, and / or in particular be present as an adhesive polymer. The above application quantities relate in particular to the surface or main extension plane of the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c.

[0226] Within the scope of the present invention, it is particularly provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displaceability, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is at least substantially not impaired and / or at least substantially not restricted, in particular under forceful (further) tearing stress. Despite the existing bond, this is accompanied by a still high thread mobility, so that a high (further) tear resistance is still present. In particular, despite the bonding or the application of the adhesive, it is ensured that in the event of (further) tearing stress, the relevant threads, in particular warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e, can move and adhere to one another, in particular to form the "cable effect" or "bundle effect".

[0227] In this context, it can be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least some of the warp threads 3d are at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads 3d, at least in sections. In this regard, it is provided in particular that the proportion of non-bonded warp threads 3d is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads 3d. The term "in sections" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total length of a respective warp thread 3d, in particular with regard to the sum or total length of the non-bonded sections.

[0228] In a corresponding manner, it can be provided according to the invention that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least some of the weft threads 3e are at least substantially not bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e, at least in sections. In this case, it can be provided according to the invention that the proportion of non-bonded weft threads 3e amounts to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of weft threads 3e. The term "section by section" refers in particular to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, of the total length of a respective weft thread 3e, in particular with regard to the sum or total length of the non-bonded sections.

[0229] In particular, according to the invention, it can be provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least a portion of the floats 3f of the warp threads 3d is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads 3d or over-stretched weft threads 3e. For this purpose, it can be provided that the portion of the non-bonded floats 3f amounts to at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats 3f.

[0230] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is formed and / or applied such that at least a portion of the floats 3g of the weft threads 3e is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent weft threads 3e or over-spanned warp threads 3d. In particular, the portion of the non-bonded floats 3g can be at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats 3g.

[0231] Furthermore, it has proven particularly advantageous in terms of ensuring high (further) tear resistance if some of the binding and / or crossing points of warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e are free of adhesive 4 and / or are not coated with adhesive 4 or are at most provided with adhesive with the proviso that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e are at least substantially not bonded to one another in the binding and / or crossing points.

[0232] In this regard, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer 3, in particular fabric 3c, are free of adhesive 4 or are coated with adhesive 4, at most with the proviso that the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e are at least substantially not glued to one another in the binding and / or crossing points.

[0233] According to the invention, this prevents the respective warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e from sticking together or fixing together at the binding or crossing points, which has proven particularly effective in ensuring high thread or yarn mobility.

[0234] In particular, for the protective filter material according to the invention, it may be the case that the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is formed and / or applied in a dot matrix and / or discontinuous dot-shaped and / or non-continuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with at least substantially circular cross-section.

[0235] The formation of the adhesive (polymer) points with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c.

[0236] In particular, it can be provided that the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of, in particular, non-contiguous adhesive (polymer) points, preferably non-contiguous and / or spaced apart and / or non-touching adhesive (polymer) points.

[0237] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a plurality of adhesive (polymer) points spaced apart from one another.

[0238] Furthermore, the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) can be applied electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or computer-based (particularly with regard to the use or formation of special stencils for adhesive application).

[0239] According to the invention, the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) can be applied by means of a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid.

[0240] With regard to the application of adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") or the formation of the adhesive (polymer) layer, circular stencil technology can be used, for example. In particular, stencils with a regular grid structure can be used to form a regular pattern. In this regard, so-called CC stencils (Coating Circular stencils) can be used in particular. For this purpose, appropriate grids can be calculated or computer-aided, provided that the thread or yarn mobility is still ensured based on the adhesive application with a view to ensuring high (further) tear resistance.

[0241] In particular, the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") can be applied using a stencil, in particular with an irregular pattern. In this regard, stencils with an irregular pattern or so-called CP stencils ("computer dot stencils") can be used. HD stencils, hexageometric stencils, or geometrically twisted hole stencils can also be used.

[0242] With regard to ensuring high thread or yarn mobility, it has also proven particularly advantageous if the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0243] In this context, it can be provided in particular that the diameter, in particular cross-sectional diameter, parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, of a respective adhesive (polymer) point is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) point.

[0244] Furthermore, it can be provided in this regard that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, based on the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, at least substantially does not extend over the longitudinal extension of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially does not extend over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.

[0245] In particular, it can further be provided in this context that a respective adhesive (polymer) point, based on the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular the rotation axis, of the respective warp thread 3d and / or weft thread 3e carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point.

[0246] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the penetration depth of the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) points, into the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c.

[0247] In particular, with regard to the adhesive application, the procedure can be such that, with respect to the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned at least substantially centrally on the binding or crossing points of the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e in the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. This ensures, in particular, that the adhesive (polymer) dots have no or at most only minimal contact with the underlying threads.

[0248] Furthermore, according to the invention, it may in particular be the case that the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4, based on the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, are positioned substantially centrally on a respective warp thread 3d or a respective weft thread 3e.

[0249] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the adhesive (polymer) points based on the adhesive 4 are positioned in the thread or yarn interspace in the warp thread system and / or weft thread system of the textile carrier layer 3, in particular of the fabric 3c.

[0250] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned on adjacent warp threads 3d with floats and / or on adjacent weft threads 3e with floats. In particular, according to the invention, it can generally be the case that the adhesive (polymer) dots based on the adhesive 4 are positioned on adjacent floats of respective warp threads 3d or on adjacent floats of respective weft threads 3e. Such positioning - if at all - may lead to a (slight) connection of the respective threads or floats. According to the invention, however, this ensures that underlying threads can basically move freely. Likewise, at least sufficient displaceability of the threads connected in this way is also still ensured.

[0251] As previously stated, the special bonding or the special application of the first adhesive 4 results in particular in the thread or yarn mobility of the warp threads 3d or the weft threads 3e in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c being at least substantially unaffected, so that the present composite or the corresponding laminate also has excellent (further) tear resistance, since the bundling or the assembly of the respective threads under (further) tear stress is still ensured. In particular, the procedure according to the invention prevents the first adhesive from penetrating too deeply or excessively into the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. In addition, the application or the presence of the first adhesive 4 at critical points (i.e. at points which, in the presence of an adhesive, would lead to excessive fixation orBlocking of the threads 3e, 3f is prevented or minimized. In particular, adhesion or fixation of intersecting warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, particularly at corresponding binding or crossing points in the fabric structure, is also prevented or minimized. Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, adhesion of adjacent warp threads 3d in the warp thread system and of adjacent weft threads 3e in the weft thread system of the fabric 3c is also prevented or minimized, so that overall yarn mobility is also maintained.

[0252] In this context, the invention provides, in particular, that, as previously stated, the adhesive (polymer) dots present during the discontinuous adhesive application have a defined formation or a specific positioning on the fabric 3c. Furthermore, there is a defined total area-related quantity of applied first adhesive 4, whereby the measures in question, both individually and in their interaction (and this in a synergistic manner), ensure high (further) tear resistance.

[0253] On the basis of the measures stated according to the invention, the bonding of the warp threads 3d or weft threads 3e at so-called “critical points” (i.e. points which are detrimental to the yarn mobility and thus to the (further) tear resistance) can be prevented or minimized. The term “critical points” is to be understood in particular in such a way that bonding or the application of adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) at such points leads to a reduction in the yarn mobility and also possibly to an increase in the so-called thread pull-out force, so to speak as a measure of the reduction in thread or yarn mobility (yarn mobility). In this context, an excessive application of the adhesive to the critical points, for example in the area of ​​connecting orIntersection points of the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e, leading to a direct adhesive bond between the respective threads, can lead to reduced yarn mobility and thus ultimately to a reduction in (further) tear resistance, since this reduces or prevents the displacement or juxtaposition of the yarns to form the "cable effect" or "bundle effect" in the event of (further) tear stress. Due to the measures according to the invention, the formation of critical adhesive (polymer) points in this regard is thus counteracted.

[0254] According to the invention, it can also be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is, in particular, a reactive hotmelt adhesive, in particular a moisture-crosslinking and / or radiation-crosslinking adhesive, preferably a moisture-crosslinking hotmelt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-crosslinking, polyurethane (PUR) hotmelt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") is, or is based on, a one-component adhesive. According to the invention, a reactive PUR-based hotmelt adhesive can be used as the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"). In general, hotmelt adhesives can be used.

[0255] The method of applying the first adhesive 4 described above is particularly also associated with the advantage that the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can therefore also be provided with high flexibility or pliability while at the same time having high air and water vapor permeability and good haptic properties (e.g. soft feel).

[0256] According to the present invention, it can be provided in particular that the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive (hot melt), in particular a moisture-crosslinking and / or radiation-crosslinking adhesive, preferably a moisture-crosslinking hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-crosslinking, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, in particular wherein the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive.

[0257] In particular, a reactive hot-melt adhesive based on polyurethane (PUR) can be used within the scope of the present invention. The aforementioned adhesives, in particular, do not require any additional auxiliaries, such as hardeners or the like. Furthermore, the aforementioned adhesives can be processed directly. With regard to the reactive hot-melt adhesives, as previously mentioned, the behavior is also particularly such that, during the adhesive application, an initial strength or bond buildup of the adhesive takes place, in particular based on physical processes (such as cooling), followed by final curing, in particular based on chemical processes. Overall, the aforementioned adhesives exhibit excellent application and processing properties while simultaneously providing high bond strengths in the resulting protective filter material 1.Also, due to the excellent processing and application properties of the aforementioned adhesives, a targeted and purposeful application to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c can be achieved in such a way that the thread or yarn mobility is not permanently reduced, particularly in the event of (further) tearing stress, as previously explained. Overall, with regard to the first adhesive 4, the type of adhesive selected and / or the type of adhesive application can ensure, on the one hand, a firm and permanent bond between the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c and the protective layer 5 while simultaneously guaranteeing high (further) tear resistance.

[0258] In particular, the invention provides that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") in the protective filter material 1 is present or formed in the form of an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, the invention provides, in particular, that the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive") in the protective filter material 1 is present or formed as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on or in the form of an adhesive polymer.

[0259] Furthermore, as regards the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material according to the invention, it can be characterized in particular by the following properties: In particular, according to the invention, it can behave in such a way that the protective layer 5 has a (total) basis weight in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 600 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 500 g / m 2, preferably in the range of 40 g / m 2 up to 400 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%

[0260] According to the invention, it is generally also such that (also) the protective layer 5 is designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable.

[0261] The protective layer 5 serves, in particular, to provide additional protection against harmful or toxic substances that impinge on the protective filter material. In this regard, the protective layer 5 can be individually designed and tailored to the respective application or usage background, for example, with regard to providing adsorptive properties as well as aerosol or particle filtration properties. With regard to the protective layer 5, adsorptive properties and particle or aerosol filter properties can be combined through an appropriate structural design, as also outlined below.

[0262] As particularly in Fig. 1A and Fig. As illustrated in Figure 3A, according to an embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of adsorber particles (adsorption particles) 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles. In this context, it can be provided, in particular, that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged in layers and / or form a layer (cf. Fig. 1A or Fig. 3A). In particular, the adsorbent particles 5c can form an adsorption layer with respect to the protective filter material 1 or the protective layer 5 or can be arranged with respect to it.

[0263] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c are, or are formed by, activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granular activated carbon particles ("granular carbon") or spherical activated carbon particles ("spherical carbon"), preferably in the form of spherical activated carbon particles. This achieves particularly good protection against harmful or toxic substances, such as warfare agents. Particulate adsorbents or adsorbent particles 5c in spherical form are particularly preferred, as this maintains the overall flexibility or pliability of the protective filter material 1 while simultaneously providing high protection.In addition, adsorber particles in spherical form, such as activated carbon particles in spherical form, are particularly suitable for fastening by means of a point-applied adhesive (in this case first adhesive 4), also with regard to ensuring high thread mobility under (further) tearing stress.

[0264] As previously mentioned, the performance or specific protection against harmful or toxic substances can be further increased or specifically adjusted through the targeted selection of the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5. Good results are also obtained in this regard based on the materials listed below. In particular, the invention can provide that the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5 are selected from the group of (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or activated carbon particles in spherical form (“spherical carbon”); (ii) zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, in particular of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminum oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (metal organic framework), COFs (covalent organic framework), ZIFs (zeolite imidazolate framework), POMs (polymer organic material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) clathrates; and (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof; where (i) is particularly preferred.

[0265] For the adsorbent particles 5c usable according to the invention, reference can also be made to the following explanations. Furthermore, for further details on the MOF materials equally usable according to the invention, reference can be made in particular to the international patent application WO 2009 / 096184 A1 and to the parallel German patent application DE 10 2008 005 218 A1, the respective relevant disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

[0266] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c suitable according to the invention, in particular in the form of activated carbons, as described below, are commercially available, e.g., from Blücher GmbH, Erkrath / Germany, or other commercial manufacturers and suppliers of activated carbon.

[0267] Adsorbers or adsorber particles 5c which can be used particularly preferably according to the invention, in particular in the form of activated carbons, with the properties and parameters mentioned below are described in particular in the following prior art documents: DE 20 2006 016 898 U1, EP 1 918 022 and US 2008 / 0107589 A1, WO 01 / 83688 (PCT / EP 01 / 04615), WO 2011 / 003434 (PCT / EP 2009 / 007172), WO 2008 / 110233 (PCT / EP 2008 / 000606) and WO 2013 / 068060 (PCT / EP 2012 / 003743).

[0268] Particularly good results are also obtained when the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained by carbonization and subsequent activation of a synthetic and / or non-natural substance-based particulate starting material, in particular based on organic polymer particles. This results in activated carbons with particularly defined adsorptive properties and a defined pore system.

[0269] In this context, it is equally preferred according to the invention that the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are obtained from a particulate starting material based on organic polymers, in particular based on sulfonated organic polymers, preferably based on divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene, preferably based on styrene / divinylbenzene copolymers, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of the starting material, in particular wherein the content of divinylbenzene in the starting material is in the range from 1 wt.% to 20 wt.%, in particular 1 wt.% to 15 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.%, preferably 2 wt.% to 10 wt.%, based on the starting material.

[0270] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed on the basis of a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC) and / or that the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, are formed from a polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC). This results in particularly good adsorption results with high mechanical stability of the underlying activated carbon particles.

[0271] The size of the adsorbent particles 5c can also vary widely. However, according to the invention, it is preferred to use adsorbent particles 5c with the particle sizes listed below.

[0272] In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the adsorbent particles 5c of the protective layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles, have a particle size, in particular a particle diameter, in the range from 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular wherein at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, more preferably at least 99 wt.%, of the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges. The particle size can in particular be determined according to ASTM D2862.

[0273] Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5, in particular the activated carbon particles, have an average particle size (D 50 ), in particular an average particle diameter (D 50 ), in the range from 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, in particular in the range from 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. The relevant determination can be carried out according to ASTM D2862.

[0274] As previously stated, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the adsorber particles 5c of the protective layer 5 are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or activated carbon particles in spherical form (“spherical carbon”), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form.

[0275] In this regard, the activated carbon may have a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the range of 0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, most preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g.

[0276] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micropores and / or mesopores. Furthermore, 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon can be formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micropores and / or mesopores. Furthermore, it can be provided that 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by mesopores and / or macropores.

[0277] In addition, it can also be provided according to the invention that the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (ie ≤ 2 nm), in particular micropore volume according to carbon black, in the range of 0.05 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90%, of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, most preferably 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g.

[0278] In addition, the activated carbon can have a surface area in the range of 400 to 3,500 m formed by pores with pore diameters of no more than 2 nm, in particular by micropores. 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m 2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g. Furthermore, the activated carbon can have a surface area in the range of 200 to 2,000 m formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores 2 / g, especially 300 to 1,900 m 2 / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m 2 / g.

[0279] In particular, the activated carbon may have an average pore diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 40 nm.

[0280] As far as the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich is concerned, this is a measurement or determination method that is well known to those skilled in the art. For further details regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich, reference can be made, for example, to L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Russ. 47, 805, as well as to S. Lowell et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pages 111 ff. In particular, the pore volume of the activated carbon can be determined based on the Gurvich rule according to the formula V P = W a / ρ I be determined, where W athe adsorbed amount of an underlying adsorbate and ρ I represents the density of the adsorbate used (see also formula (8.20) according to page 111, chapter 8.4.) by S. Lowell et al.).

[0281] The method for determining carbon black is known per se to the person skilled in the art, and for further details on determining the pore surface area and pore volume according to carbon black, reference can be made, for example, to RW Magee, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of ​​Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994, e.g. referred to in: Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1, AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, OM, 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pages 71 ff. In particular, the relevant evaluation can be carried out using the t-plot method.

[0282] For further details on the determination of the BET surface area and the BET method, reference can be made to the aforementioned ASTM D6556-04 as well as to Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York, keyword: “BET method”, including the literature cited therein, and to Winnacker-Küchler (3rd edition), volume 7, pages 93 ff. as well as to Z. Anal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968).

[0283] In the context of the present invention, the term "micropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of less than 2 nm, whereas the term "mesopore" refers to pores with pore diameters in the range from 2 nm (ie 2 nm inclusive) to 50 nm inclusive and the term "macropores" refers to pores with pore diameters of more than 50 nm (ie > 50 nm).

[0284] In general, it can be provided according to the invention that the protective layer 5 or the protective filter material 1 contains the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 450 g / m 2 , especially 10 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , The above information refers in particular to the dry weight of the adsorbent particles 5c used.

[0285] In general, according to the invention, the adsorbent particles 5c are arranged or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4 (cf. Fig. 1A or Fig. 3A).

[0286] According to an embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d, in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet. For this purpose, reference can be made in particular to Fig. 1B. In this context, the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material 5d may be present and / or formed in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet.

[0287] In addition, the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, can have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm. The thickness can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1979. In particular, the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, can have a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 90 to 150 g / m 2 ,. The relevant values ​​refer in particular to the dry weight of the adsorptive sheet.

[0288] In addition, the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, can be a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, nonwoven or textile composite material, preferably woven fabric, in particular made of activated carbon fibers.

[0289] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile.

[0290] The production of activated carbon fiber sheet materials is described, for example, in WO-A-98 / 041678 and the resulting EP 0 966 558 B1 and DE 698 09 718 T2, or in WO-A-01 / 70372 and DE 196 47 366 A1. In general, the procedure involves passing a textile sheet material or adsorptive sheet material made of a suitable carbonizable starting material (e.g., cellulose, viscose, cotton, polyacrylonitrile, etc.) through a carbonization and activation furnace.

[0291] According to the invention, it can be provided that the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) has at least one carrier layer, preferably two carrier layers. It can also be provided that the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) is arranged between carrier layers, in particular between two carrier layers. This can stabilize or mechanically protect the adsorptive sheet material. In particular, it is provided that the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the at least one carrier layer. Furthermore, the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) can be designed in three layers, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or as a three-layer laminate.

[0292] Furthermore, the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) can be arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0293] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it can equally be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) 5e, as in Fig. 2 illustrates.

[0294] In this context, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997.

[0295] The particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can in particular have a (total) surface weight in the range of 0.5 g / m 2 up to 200 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 0.8 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 1 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2 , in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of air conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%.

[0296] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e may comprise or consist of textile fibers selected from the group of polyurethane fibers; polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers and polyamide fibers; and mixtures and combinations thereof, in particular polyurethane fibers.

[0297] In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is a textile fabric formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, in particular a scrim or textile composite material, preferably nonwoven, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, delimited and / or formed by the textile fibers.

[0298] In particular, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have an average pore size or average mesh size, in particular an average pore size, in the range of 0.05 µm to 100 µm, in particular in the range of 0.1 µm to 50 µm, preferably in the range of 0.2 µm to 20 µm, preferably in the range of 0.3 µm to 10 µm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.4 µm to 5 µm, further preferably in the range of 0.5 µm to 3 µm. The determination in this regard can be carried out according to ASTM F316-86.

[0299] In this regard, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can have a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular a maximum pore size, of up to 200 µm, in particular up to 100 µm, preferably up to 50 µm, preferably at most 20 µm, particularly preferably up to 10 µm, and further preferably up to 4 µm. In this regard, the determination can also be made in particular according to ASTM F316-86.

[0300] According to one embodiment of the invention, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be designed as a HEPA (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air) filter. This provides particularly high filter efficiency.

[0301] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it can be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e has at least one carrier layer, preferably two carrier layers. Alternatively or additionally, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged between outer carrier layers, in particular between two outer carrier layers. This can provide efficient stabilization of the particle or aerosol filter layer. According to the invention, it can be provided, in particular, that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the at least one carrier layer.

[0302] Preferably, it is also provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is formed in three layers, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a three-layer laminate, and / or that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0303] Fig. Figure 3A shows an embodiment of the invention, according to which, with respect to the protective layer 5, a combination of a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e with a layer of adsorber particles 5c is realized. Such a combination leads to further improved protective properties against harmful and toxic substances. For this purpose, it can thus be provided, in particular, as in Fig. 3A shows that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorber particles 5c, in particular layered adsorber particles 5c, in particular activated carbon beads, and / or adsorber particles 5c forming a layer, in particular as defined above.

[0304] In this context, it can be provided in particular that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the adsorber particles 5c arranged in layers and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer.

[0305] Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the adsorber particles 5c are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 which is coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0306] Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, it can be provided in this context that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5 is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the adsorber particles 5c facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer. In particular, it can be provided that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in the worn or applied state, is arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the layered adsorber particles 5c facing a pollutant source.In particular, it may be the case according to the invention that the adsorber particles 5c, in particular the layered adsorber particles 5c and / or the adsorber particles 5c forming a layer, are arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e facing away from a pollutant source.

[0307] As further in Fig. 3B, it may also be the case according to the invention that the protective layer 5 comprises both a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e and an adsorption filter material 5d, in particular activated carbon beads, arranged in particular in layers.

[0308] In this context, it can be provided that the protective layer 5 comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet or adsorption sheet layer), in particular as defined above.

[0309] In addition, it can be provided according to the invention that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet).

[0310] Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet), is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer 3, in particular on the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, in particular by means of the adhesive 4.

[0311] In this context, the invention may also provide that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material 5d facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated with adhesive 4, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet). In particular, the invention provides that the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e, in the worn or applied state, is arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material 5d facing a pollutant source.Likewise, it can be provided according to the invention that the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material 5d, preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet), is arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e facing away from a pollutant source.

[0312] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer.

[0313] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in the protective filter material 1 as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or preferably discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer. Furthermore, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in an amount in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 90 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 70 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 45 g / m 2 , and / or in particular as an adhesive polymer.

[0314] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") is formed and / or applied in a discontinuous, point-like manner and / or non-continuously and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with an at least substantially circular cross-section. The formation of the adhesive (polymer) dots with a circular cross-section refers in particular to a cross-section parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c. In addition, an adhesive coating or a coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 7 can also be carried out by means of a doctor blade or by means of doctor blade application. In addition, the adhesive 7 can also be formed or present as an (adhesive) foam, in particular broken (adhesive) foam. Adhesive webs or the like can also be used.

[0315] In particular, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in the form of, in particular, non-contiguous adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-contiguous and / or spaced apart and / or non-contacting adhesive (polymer) dots. Likewise, the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive") can be present and / or formed in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced apart adhesive (polymer) dots.

[0316] According to the invention, it can generally be provided that the adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive (hot melt), in particular a moisture-crosslinking and / or radiation-crosslinking adhesive, preferably a moisture-crosslinking hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-crosslinking, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon.

[0317] In addition, the particle and / or aerosol filter layer 5e can be connected to the adsorber particles 5c and / or the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material 5d by means of an adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued (cf. Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B and Fig. 6B).

[0318] As in Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B and in Fig. 6B, can be used to fix or bond the particle or aerosol filter layer 5e with the adsorber particles 5c ( Fig. 3A, Fig. 6B) or with the fibrous and filamentary adsorption filter material 5d ( Fig. 3B) a further adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”) may be used. The adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”) may be present or formed in the protective filter material 1 in the form of an adhesive polymer. In particular, the adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”) may be formed or applied discontinuously, point-like or non-contiguously, or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with an at least substantially circular cross-section. In addition, an adhesive coating or a coating of the surfaces with the adhesive 8 may also be carried out by doctor blade or by means of doctor blade application. The adhesive 8 may also be formed or present as an (adhesive) foam, in particular broken (adhesive) foam. Furthermore, adhesive webs or the like may also be used.For further information on adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”), reference can also be made to the above statements on adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”), which apply accordingly to adhesive 8 (“third adhesive”).

[0319] Within the scope of the invention, the cover layer 6 can in particular have the following properties: According to the invention, the covering layer 6 can be designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile fabric, in particular as a knitwear, woven fabric, scrim or textile composite material, preferably nonwoven, particularly preferably as a nonwoven.

[0320] According to the invention, it can also be provided that the covering layer 6 comprises or consists of a material, in particular textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group of chemical fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably chemical fiber materials, in particular selected from the group of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyamide.

[0321] In particular, the covering layer 6 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2, especially in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 80 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 60 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 40 g / m 2 , have.

[0322] As far as the protective layer 5 of the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is concerned, it can also comprise further components or layers, such as reinforcement layers or carrier layers or the like. For example, in a non-limiting manner, the adsorbent particles 5c, in particular in the form of activated carbon beads, can be fixed to a further textile carrier or carrier layer, which in turn is bonded to the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c via the adhesive 4.In this regard, the invention also provides that the formation and application of the first adhesive 4 takes place in the manner described above, so that even for the embodiment of using further carrier layers, in particular for the adsorber particles 5c, the yarn mobility is not influenced due to the special adhesive selection and the special application, and thus a high (further) tear resistance is still provided.

[0323] With regard to the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it may in particular be the case that the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, in the case of protective clothing, in the worn or used state, is arranged on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing a user (wearer) of the ABC protective clothing ("inner layer"). In particular, the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, can be arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a pollutant source or on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a user (wearer).

[0324] With regard to the protective filter material 1 according to the invention, it may also be the case that, in the case of protective clothing, the cover layer 6, in the worn or used state, is arranged on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a user (wearer) and / or on the side facing a pollutant source ("outer layer"). In particular, the cover layer 6 can be arranged on the side of the protective layer 5 facing a pollutant source or on the side of the protective layer 5 facing away from a user (wearer).

[0325] According to the invention, the protective filter material 1 may further comprise a particularly textile outer layer 9 (outer fabric), as in Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B. In this context, it can be provided, in particular, that the outer layer 9 is arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from the protective layer 5 or the carrier layer 3. In particular, in the case of protective clothing, the outer layer 9 can be arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a user (wearer) and / or on the side facing a pollutant source (“outer layer”). In particular, the outer layer 9 can be arranged on the side of the cover layer 6 facing a pollutant source or on the side of the cover layer 6 facing away from a user (wearer) (cf. also Fig. 6A or Fig. 6B).

[0326] According to the invention, it can thus behave in particular in such a way that the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, preferably the outer layer 9, in particular in the case of use of the protective filter material 1 in an ABC protective clothing item, in the worn or used state, is arranged on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material 1 facing away from a user (wearer) of the ABC protective clothing item.

[0327] Against this background, the invention can also provide, in particular, for the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular the outer layer 9, to be flame-retardant and / or flame-retardant and / or fire-resistant and / or flame-resistant. The relevant properties can be provided, for example, by using a fire-resistant or flame-resistant material, for example as a component of a yarn or in the form of fire-resistant or flame-resistant substances applied to the material, which is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0328] In addition, the outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular the outer layer 9, can be designed to be antistatic.

[0329] Furthermore, outer layer 9 and / or the cover layer 6, in particular outer layer 9, can have an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish or coating. This can further improve the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, for example in the case of protective clothing, since these can bead up or be stopped at the surface.

[0330] In the context of the present invention, the outer layer 9 is in particular present or formed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile fabric.

[0331] According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the outer layer 9 is designed as a textile knitwear, preferably as a warp-knitted fabric (knitted fabric) or a woven fabric (knitted fabric), or in particular as a woven fabric, scrim, nonwoven or textile composite material.

[0332] In the context of the present invention, it has proven advantageous if the outer layer 9 comprises or consists of a material, in particular textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group of chemical fiber materials and natural fiber materials, in particular selected from the group of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates, in particular cellulose acetates; triacetates, in particular cellulose triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof.

[0333] In addition, the outer layer 9 can have a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 400 g / m 2, especially in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 250 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 30 g / m 2 up to 175 g / m 2 , in particular determined according to DIN EN 12127:1997, preferably after 24 hours of conditioning or at a temperature of 20°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 65% ± 4%. In general, the outer layer 9 can also have a basis weight in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 600 g / m 2 Furthermore, the outer layer 9 can have a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.001 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.01 mm to 8 mm, preferably in the range from 0.05 mm to 4 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.075 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, further preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084:1996.

[0334] In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the protective filter material 1, in particular the carrier layer 3, the layer formed by the adhesive 4 ("first adhesive"), the protective layer 5, the layer formed by the adhesive 7 ("second adhesive"), and the cover layer 7, are or are (each) permeable to air and permeable to water vapor. According to the invention, it is also provided, in particular, that the outer layer 9 and / or the layer formed by the adhesive 8 ("third adhesive") are or are permeable to air and permeable to water vapor.

[0335] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can be designed in particular as a protective filter material 1 as a composite, preferably a solid composite, or as a laminate, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable composite or laminate.

[0336] According to the invention, the outer layer 9 can be firmly connected (attached or fixed thereto) to the further layers of the protective filter material 1, in particular the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, only in sections, in particular linearly and / or at the edges, in particular by means of sewing, welding, tacking, gluing or the like, preferably sewing, and otherwise arranged loosely and / or unconnected, in particular wherein the outer layer 9 rests on the further layer composite, in particular on the cover layer 6.

[0337] Within the scope of the present invention, however, it can also be provided that the outer layer 9 and the further layer composite, in particular the layer composite comprising the carrier layer 3, the protective layer 5 and / or the cover layer 6, of the protective filter material 1 are firmly connected to one another (attached, fixed) and / or adhered at their contact surfaces, in particular are firmly connected (attached, fixed) and / or adhered, in particular laminated, at least substantially over the entire surface and / or at least substantially over the entire side, preferably are firmly connected (attached, fixed) and / or adhered, in particular laminated, at least substantially over the entire surface. In this context, the firm connection (attached, fixed) and / or adhesion, in particular lamination, can be formed, e.g., over the entire surface or over the entire contact surface, but preferably discontinuously, preferably pointwise and / or with interruptions.For this purpose, a further adhesive (“fourth adhesive”) can be used. In particular, the outer layer 9 is attached to the cover layer 6.

[0338] In addition, the protective filter material 1 can have at least one further layer, in particular a textile layer, preferably a reinforcement and / or carrier layer or the like, in particular as previously mentioned.

[0339] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular have the following specified sequence of layers: textile carrier layer 3, protective layer 5, optionally textile cover layer 6, optionally outer layer 9. In particular, a layer sequence according to carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 based on adsorbent particles 5c (cf. Fig. 1A) or based on a fibrous or filamentary adsorption material 5d (cf. Fig. 1B) and / or based on a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e (cf. Fig. 2) and cover layer 6 and optionally an outer layer 9. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 can have a sequence of layers in the form of carrier layer 3, adsorber particles 5 (cf. Fig. 3A) or fibrous or filamentary adsorption material 5d (cf. Fig. 3B) and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e as well as optionally cover layer 6 and optionally outer layer 9. According to further embodiments, a layer sequence according to carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c, cover layer 6 and outer layer 9 can also be present (cf. Fig. 6A). According to a further embodiment, a layer sequence according to carrier layer 3, protective layer 5 with adsorber particles 5c and particle or aerosol filter layer 5e as well as cover layer 6 and outer layer 9 can also be present (cf. Fig. 6B).

[0340] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention can in particular have a (total) basis weight (in particular determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 1,000 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 75 g / m 2 up to 750 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 100 g / m 2 up to 500 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 120 g / m 2 up to 350 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 150 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , have. The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127, preferably after drying for 1 hour at 105 °C.

[0341] Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.1 mm to 15 mm, in particular in the range from 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.4 mm to 2 mm, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 5084.

[0342] The protective filter material 1 according to the invention is also characterized as such by high (tear propagation) resistance. In particular, the protective filter material 1 can have a (tear propagation) strength (preferably tear propagation resistance), in particular a (tear propagation) force (preferably tear propagation force), of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, preferably at least 40 N, particularly preferably at least 50 N. Furthermore, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a (tear propagation) strength (preferably tear propagation resistance), in particular a (tear propagation) force (preferably tear propagation force), in the range from 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range from 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range from 35 N to 300 N, preferably in the range from 40 N to 250 N, particularly preferably in the range from 50 N to 200 N.The (propagation) tear resistance can be determined in particular according to DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000 (leg tear test), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the fabric 3c on which the protective filter material 1 is based.

[0343] According to the invention, it can be provided that the protective filter material 1 according to the invention has an air permeability of at least 1 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular at least 2 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 5 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 7 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably at least 10 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal. In this context, the protective filter material 1 can have an air permeability in the range of 1 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,000 l·m -2 s -1, especially in the range of 2 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,500 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably in the range of 5 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,250 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably in the range of 7 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,000 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 l·m -2 s -1 up to 750 l·m -2 s -1, in particular determined according to DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 and / or in particular determined at a differential pressure (flow resistance) of 100 Pascal. The high air permeability ensures excellent overall wearer comfort in the case of protective clothing, while reducing the risk of heat build-up even under heavy physical exertion by the wearer. Furthermore, good moisture exchange can take place. In the case of technical filter applications, high throughput rates of the medium to be purified, such as air, can also be achieved, along with high filter efficiency.

[0344] In particular, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention has a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of at most 4 µg / cm 2per 24 hours, in particular not more than 3.5 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, preferably not more than 3.0 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, preferably not more than 2.5 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, particularly preferably not more than 2.25 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, most preferably not more than 2 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, more preferably not more than 1.75 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours. In this regard, the use of adsorbent particles 5c, in particular activated carbon beads, or an adsorption material 5d, in particular as defined above, may be provided.

[0345] In addition, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention can have a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to the Laid Drop Diffusive Flow Test of at most 4 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, in particular not more than 3.5 µg / cm 2per 24 hours, preferably not more than 3.0 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, preferably not more than 2.5 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, particularly preferably not more than 2.25 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, most preferably not more than 2 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, more preferably not more than 1.75 µg / cm 2 per 24 h, in particular measured as cumulative breakthrough by gas chromatography (GC / FPD) after exposure to mustard gas for 24 h at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of not more than 5 % RH, in particular with a material sample area of ​​10 cm 2, a material exposure to 8 mustard gas drops (each drop volume = 1 µl), a test execution in a test cell above a PE membrane (10 µm), a flow under the material of 100 ml / min, a flow above the material of 0.5 m / s and a flow through the material of 0 cm / s. In particular, the procedure can be such that the air flow under the material sample is drawn through a wash bottle, for example, and the cumulative breakthrough is then measured using gas chromatography, as previously described. The diffusion flow test simulates the diffusion of liquid warfare agent through the underlying protective filter material without convection and thereby simulates the flat contact of the protective clothing on the skin, which is simulated by the PE membrane.

[0346] In addition, it can be provided that the protective filter material 1 according to the invention has a separation degree (separation efficiency) of at least 80%, in particular of at least 85%, preferably of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in particular determined according to ISO 29463-3 at a pressure difference of 15 Pascal and / or at a flow velocity of 5 m / s and at a temperature of 23 °C ± 3 °C and with potassium chloride (KCl) as test substance with a particle size in the range of 0.045 µm to 0.931 µm and with an aerosol concentration of < 3 mg / m 3 and in particular with a surface diameter (sample size) of the protective filter material 1 of 150 mm and with a test duration of 300 s. In this regard, a particle or aerosol filter layer 5e, in particular as defined above, can be provided.

[0347] The above-mentioned values ​​with regard to air permeability, barrier effect and degree of separation are achieved due to the high (propagation) tear resistance, in particular even after exposure to a forceful (propagation) tear load (preferably tear propagation load), such as at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 35 N, preferably at least 40 N, particularly preferably at least 50 N, or in the range from 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range from 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range from 35 N to 300 N, preferably in the range from 40 N to 250 N, particularly preferably in the range from 50 N to 200 N (in particular on the basis of DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000).

[0348] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material 1, as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn).

[0349] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material 1, as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e;wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating; in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another.

[0350] Likewise, according to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another.

[0351] Furthermore, according to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular of several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); wherein the warp threads 3d and weft threads 3e forming the carrier layer 3, preferably the fabric 3c, in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another; and wherein the adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displaceability, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer 3 or the fabric 3c, in particular under forceful (further) tearing stress, is at least substantially not impaired and / or restricted.

[0352] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to an ABC protective filter material 1 (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile ABC protective clothing item, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance), preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material 1 with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (propagation) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material 1 as defined above, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure 2, in particular of several interconnected layers (layers) 3, 4, 5, preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material 1 comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer 3 with two opposite sides 3a, 3b, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive 4 is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) 3a, (ii) a protective layer 5 with two opposite sides 5a, 5b and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer 5 is connected via one of its two sides 5a by means of the adhesive 4 to the textile carrier layer 3, in particular to the side 3a of the carrier layer 3 coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer 6, wherein the cover layer 6 is connected to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive 7 (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer 5, in particular to the side 5b of the protective layer 5 facing away from the carrier layer 3; wherein the textile carrier layer 3 is designed as a woven fabric 3c with a plurality of warp threads 3d and with a plurality of weft threads 3e; wherein the fabric 3c has floats 3f, 3g in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least a part of the warp threads 3d and / or the weft threads 3e, preferably at least a part of the warp threads 3d and the weft threads 3e, is designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats 3f in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads 3e and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats 3g in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads 3d and / or span them in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads 3d and / or wherein a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads 3e, preferably wherein a part of the warp threads 3d is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads 3d and wherein a part of the weft threads 3e is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular twice (double), titre (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads 3e.

[0353] A further object of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is also the use of floats (floats) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, of multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads and / or of multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads in the textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective garment, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants.

[0354] Also described herein is a method for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material), in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective clothing item, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the ABC protective filter material has a textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, wherein the fabric is formed and / or finished with floats (floats) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, wherein in the fabric a part of the warp threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0355] Yet another subject of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - is also the inventive use of a textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, to increase and / or improve the (further) tear resistance (preferably tear resistance) of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective clothing item, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, whereby the tissue Floats (floats) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads has.

[0356] In this context, a method is also described here for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) and / or a textile ABC protective clothing item comprising the ABC protective filter material, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and / or a textile ABC protective clothing item comprising the ABC protective filter material, wherein the ABC protective filter material is provided and / or equipped with a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, wherein the fabric has floats in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, wherein in the fabric a part of the warp threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double) and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double).

[0357] According to the aforementioned second and third aspects, it can be provided in particular according to the invention that the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) the textile carrier layer formed as a fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”), (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-) filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides by means of the adhesive to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular by means of an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer (“second adhesive”).

[0358] Furthermore, according to the aforementioned aspects, it can also be provided according to the invention that the floats (floats) in the fabric 3c are formed in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least some of the warp threads and the weft threads, are formed floating, and / or, preferably and, that a part of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double).

[0359] With regard to the aforementioned second and third aspects, reference may be made in addition to the statements relating to the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly to the aforementioned aspects.

[0360] Yet another object of the present invention - according to a fourth aspect of the present invention - is the use of an ABC protective filter material as defined above, for the manufacture of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing (“ABC or CBRN protective clothing”), in particular for the civilian or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing, or the like, and / or for the manufacture of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all of the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing items for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxic substances.

[0361] According to the present aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of an ABC protective filter material as defined above, for the production of filters and filter materials (“ABC or CBRN filters” or “ABC or CBRN filter materials”) of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorptive carrier structures and filters for the medical sector.

[0362] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the statements relating to the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0363] Furthermore, the present invention - according to a fifth aspect of the present invention - also relates to the protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds according to the invention, in particular for the civil or military sector, in particular protective clothing ("ABC or CBRN protective clothing"), such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all of the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for ABC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as previously defined and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as previously defined.

[0364] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the statements relating to the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0365] The present invention further relates - according to a sixth aspect of the present invention - to the filters and filter materials according to the invention ("ABC or CBRN filters" or "ABC or CBRN filter materials") of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odors and toxins of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxins, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorption-capable support structures and filters for the medical sector, manufactured using an ABC protective filter material 1 as previously defined and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material 1 as previously defined.

[0366] With regard to the present aspect, reference can also be made to the explanation of the further aspects of the present invention, which apply accordingly in this case.

[0367] Overall, the present invention provides a high-performance and highly efficient protective filter material 1 that exhibits high (further) tear strength and resistance while simultaneously providing high protection against harmful and toxic substances and offering high wearing comfort when used as or for protective clothing. As a result, the protective filter material 1 according to the invention is also suitable for numerous possible uses and applications, as outlined herein.

[0368] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, modifications, special features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent and achievable to a person skilled in the art upon reading the description, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0369] The present invention is illustrated by the following embodiments, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION: 1. General information on determination and measurement methods

[0370] Within the scope of the present invention, the following determination or measurement methods can also be used to characterize the protective filter material according to the invention or products manufactured on this basis, such as protective clothing (see also the above statements): a) General test conditions. In general, the procedure for determining certain material properties of the protective filter material according to the invention or other materials is to store or acclimate the materials or test specimens to be tested under normal conditions, e.g., in a climate-controlled cabinet for 24 hours before the start of the test. The textile tests are then carried out at a temperature of T = 20 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of φ = 65 ± 4% (cf. DIN EN ISO 139:2011), e.g., in an appropriately climate-controlled environment or test room. b) Fabric feel (haptics) and visual assessment For the determination and evaluation of the surface texture and fabric feel of the textile surface of the materials to be examined, the subjective perception of an assessing test person is used, whereby no aids are used in this context. c) Thread count The number of threads per unit length can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 1049-Part 2 (cf. Method B - Thread counter on a conditioned surface). d) Basis weight The basis weight can be determined in particular according to DIN EN 12127. In particular, this can be done by taking five measuring samples, distributed over the width of the fabric, from a conditioned textile surface using a cutting device, whereby the area of ​​the cut is 100 cm 2 The samples are weighed on a basis weight scale under conditioned or specified conditions. e) Air permeability This test method involves measuring the air flow passing through a surface under specified conditions within a specific time period. The test is carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9237. The conditioned textile surface is placed on a test area of ​​20 cm 2 at a differential pressure of 100 Pa, specifically on a TestTex Instruments test device. The procedure involves performing the air permeability test five times across the entire fabric width. f) Maximum tensile strength The maximum tensile strength can be measured using the so-called strip tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1. The textile fabric or the test specimen to be tested is stretched to breakage at a constant deformation rate. The test can be carried out in particular by ribbling several specimens (in particular six specimens) in each direction to a width of 50 mm ± 5 mm and cutting them to a minimum length that allows a clamping length of 200 mm. The pre-tension for textiles with a basis weight of < 200 g / m 2 is 2 N. The maximum tensile force can be determined in particular on a testing device (Zwick testing device) from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG. g) Leg tear strength The tear strength test measures, in particular, the force required to further tear a textile material, in particular a fabric or a multi-layer protective filter material based on it. The test is carried out based on DIN EN ISO 13937-2. For single-layer textile materials, such as a fabric as such, a sample size of 100 mm x 50 mm can be selected based on the standard conditions according to DIN 53859-2:1979. The sample is cut 50 mm in the middle of the narrow edge to create two legs.For multi-layer textile materials, in particular multi-layer protective filter materials, samples with a size of 200 mm x 50 mm (with a 100 mm incision on a narrow edge) or 200 mm x 200 mm (with a 100 mm incision on one edge) are used, whereby the latter sample size is used in particular if, in the case of the smaller sample, threads are pulled out of the surface during the tearing process. The tests for the protective filter materials according to the invention are carried out in particular on the larger samples. At the end of the sample opposite the edge with the incision, a mark is drawn at a distance of 25 mm from that edge; this mark marks the end of the tear path. The incision results in two legs, which are fixed in the clamping jaws of the tensile testing machine.The legs formed by the incision are clamped into the upper and lower clamps of the testing machine without any pretensioning force. The fixed legs are moved apart at a defined deformation rate of 100 mm / min until the end of the tear propagation distance is reached. The test specimen is subjected to a continuously increasing tensile force. During the tensile test, a tensile force-displacement diagram is recorded. Each peak of the diagram corresponds to the maximum tensile force value upon tearing of one or more transverse threads. According to the standard specifications, the arithmetic mean is calculated from the recorded peak values. The tear force is expressed in Newtons (N). The leg tear force can be determined using several test specimens (in particular, five or six test specimens each), each cut in the warp and weft directions, with the mean value then being calculated for the respective directions.The examinations and tests can be carried out, in particular, on a Z005 testing machine from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG. Reference can also be made to the above explanations. h) Dimensional change In this test method, which uses DIN EN ISO 5077, the washing shrinkage values ​​can be determined in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The samples to be tested are first adjusted to a standard climate, and then a measuring distance of 500 mm is marked at three points in each direction using a water-insoluble pen. The test specimens are then washed according to DIN EN ISO 6330, program 4M (gentle wash at approximately 40 °C) with approximately 20 g of phosphate-free cover detergent on a Vebotech GmbH washer-dryer. After washing, the samples are dried in a tumble dryer until cupboard-dry and allowed to adjust to the climate for at least 24 hours. The dimensional change can be determined in both the longitudinal and transverse directions using the following formula: xt−x0x0∗100 where x0 is the initial dimension and x t represents the measurement taken after treatment. 2. Material investigations and properties

[0371] The following are studies on the textile-physical properties of various textile materials, namely single-layer textile materials in the form of various textile fabrics, and multi-layer protective filter materials using various fabric designs with respect to the carrier layers used. These include: a) Textile physical properties of (single-layer) textile materials in the form of different fabric types

[0372] This document describes single-layer textile materials in the form of various fabric types, which can also be used as carrier layers in protective filter materials. The textile materials mentioned are based on the use of sheath / core yarns with cotton as the sheath material and polyester as the core material, with the core or core consisting of several polyester (PES) filaments. The weight ratio of cotton to polyester is 59 to 41. (i) A first textile material G1 is in the form of a plain weave fabric (plain weave). The first textile material G1 has no floats or is free of floats (i.e. the first textile material G1 is free of floats extending in the warp direction over or spanning at least two weft threads and free of floats extending in the weft direction over or spanning at least two warp threads). The first textile material G1 also has no warp threads that are drawn in multiple times or twice, and no weft threads that are inserted multiple times or twice (i.e. the textile material G1 is free of warp threads that are drawn in multiple times or twice and free of weft threads that are inserted multiple times or twice). The first carrier material G1 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 warp threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 24 weft threads / cm.The basis weight of the first textile material G1 is 90.9 g / m. 2 . The first textile material G1, as a pure plain weave, has, with regard to tear resistance, a tear strength in the warp direction (warp tear strength) of 20.8 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (weft tear strength) of 21.3 N. (ii) A second textile material G2 is in the form of a ripstop fabric in plain weave (ripstop plain weave). The textile material G2 has no floats or is free of floats (i.e., the second textile material G2 is free of floats extending in the warp direction over or spanning at least two weft threads and free of floats extending in the weft direction over or spanning at least two warp threads). In addition to single-inserted warp threads and single-inserted weft threads, the second textile material G2 also has double-inserted warp threads and double-inserted weft threads. The second textile material G2 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 warp threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 26 weft threads / cm. The basis weight of the second textile material G2 is 91.6 g / m 2. The second textile material G2 in the form of the ripstop fabric in plain weave has, with regard to tear resistance, a tear strength in the warp direction (warp tear strength) of 39.6 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (weft tear strength) of 42.1 N. (iii) A third textile material G3 is in the form of a ripstop fabric in twill weave (ripstop twill fabric). The textile material G3 has floats, namely floats extending over or spanning two weft threads in the warp direction and floats extending over or spanning two warp threads in the weft direction. In addition to single (individual) drawn-in warp threads and single (individual) inserted weft threads, the third textile material G3 also has double drawn-in warp threads and double inserted weft threads. The third textile material G3 has a warp thread count of approximately 30 warp threads / cm and a weft thread count of approximately 27 weft threads / cm. The basis weight of the third textile material G3 is 87.6 g / m 2The third textile material G3 in the form of the ripstop fabric in twill weave has, with regard to tear resistance, a tear strength in the warp direction (warp tear strength) of 50.5 N and a tear strength in the weft direction (weft tear strength) of 64.6 N.

[0373] The above statements show that the third textile material G3 and the second textile material G2 each have improved properties with regard to tear resistance compared to the first textile material in the form of the simple plain weave, with the third textile material G3 having even better properties than the second textile material G2. Overall, the third textile material G3 in the form of the ripstop fabric in twill weave (i.e. with corresponding floats and with double-inserted warp threads and double-inserted weft threads (in addition to single-inserted or single-inserted warp threads or single-inserted or single-inserted weft threads)) has the greatest improvement in tear resistance, both in the warp direction and in the weft direction of the fabric.

[0374] The targeted and purposeful combination of the formation of floats, as previously mentioned, and double-inserted warp threads or double-inserted weft threads in one and the same material leads, in a synergistic manner, to a significant increase in tear resistance or the underlying tear force. In particular, without wishing to be limited or invoked by this theory, an effective bundling of the underlying threads can be observed for such a fabric under tear stress, which, in conjunction with the further reinforcement of the fabric by the double-inserted warp threads or the double-inserted weft threads, leads to the mechanical reinforcement of the fabric. In this way, tear propagation can be effectively halted or prevented in the tear zone or tear triangle, even under the influence of high force.

[0375] In particular, the third textile material, G3, is characterized by its special design as a ripstop fabric with a twill weave, which also results in high yarn mobility due to the floating threads, with effective bundling in the tear zone or tear triangle, resulting in higher yarn strength absorption. This is further enhanced by the double or twofold threads. Overall, the third textile material, G3, exhibits the best properties in terms of tear resistance as a measure of mechanical stability, particularly under tear stress, even compared to material G2. The special design of the third textile material, G3, thus provides an overall more tear-resistant product.The material in question also exhibits excellent other textile-physical properties, in particular with regard to providing high dimensional stability, high maximum tensile strength and high air permeability with an overall low basis weight of the material. b) Textile-physical properties of multilayer protective filter materials

[0376] This article describes the textile-physical properties of various multilayer protective filter materials which are manufactured on the basis of the textile materials listed in section a as respective carrier layers.

[0377] For the protective filter materials, it is also the case that an adsorption material in the form of spherical activated carbon is used for the respective protective layer, in particular with an average particle diameter of approximately 0.3 mm and with an area-related application quantity of approximately 80 g / m2 The adsorbent particles are attached to the carrier layer in the form of the respective fabric using a reactive polyurethane (PUR)-based hot-melt adhesive (one-component adhesive). The adhesive is applied in a surface-related amount of approximately 33 g / m 2 in a defined dot-like application using a CC stencil. On the side of the protective layer opposite the carrier layer, a thin nonwoven layer based on polyamide with a basis weight of 25 g / m is applied for the respective protective filter materials using a dot-like adhesive. 2 The resulting multilayer protective filter materials are further characterized with regard to their textile-physical properties in relation to tear resistance. (i) A first protective filter material S1 (comparison) is based on the previously described textile material G1 (plain weave fabric without floats and without multiple drawn warp threads or without multiple drawn weft threads) as a carrier material. The first protective filter material S1 based on G1 as a carrier layer exhibits tear strength values ​​of 12.9 N and 14.1 N, respectively. (ii) Furthermore, a second protective filter material S2 (according to the invention) is characterized with regard to its tear resistance. The second protective filter material S2 is based on the second textile material G2 used as the carrier layer (ripstop fabric in plain weave, i.e., without floats and with double-inserted warp threads or double-inserted weft threads). With regard to tear resistance, the protective filter material S2 has corresponding values ​​for the tear strength of 24.7 N and 34.1 N, respectively. (iii) A third protective filter material S3 (according to the invention) is based on the use of a third textile material G3 (namely in the form of a ripstop fabric in twill weave, i.e., with floats as described above, and with double-inserted warp threads or double-inserted weft threads) as a carrier layer. Regarding tear strength, corresponding tear strength values ​​of 40.6 N and 54.4 N are determined. For another material sample, tear strength values ​​of 38.7 N and 58.6 N are also determined.

[0378] The above statements show that the protective filter material S3 according to the invention with the special carrier layer in the form of a ripstop fabric in twill weave, as well as the protective filter material S2 according to the invention, each have higher tear propagation values ​​than the protective filter material S1, with the protective filter material S3 being significantly improved compared to the protective filter material S2. Within the scope of the present invention, a significant increase in tear propagation resistance is thus made possible by using a very specially designed fabric as the carrier layer, and this with a multi-layer design and the formation of an adhesive bond. Furthermore, for the protective filter material S3, the special adhesive application results in only minor changes in tear propagation resistance, which is also the case to a certain extent for the material S2.In particular, the special combination of a twill weave ripstop fabric with the defined discontinuous or dot-grid adhesive application, as realized in S3, leads to very high values ​​in terms of tear resistance even after bonding.

[0379] In particular, without wishing to rely on or limit oneself to this theory, it may also be the case that in the fabric formation according to S3 with the use of floats, fewer critical points are present or bonded, which is accompanied by high yarn mobility and tear resistance even after bonding or formation of the laminate. c) Further properties of the protective filter materials

[0380] Furthermore, the protective function against harmful or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, of the previously mentioned protective filter materials S1 to S3 is characterized, namely based on Method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010 and with respect to bis[2-chloroethyl] sulfide (mustard gas, HD). The relevant properties are determined before and after exposure to a force-based tear propagation stress. Before tear propagation stress, all protective filter materials S1 to S3 exhibit standardized protective properties (barrier effect less than 4 µg / cm 2per 24 h). Furthermore, corresponding material sections or samples of the protective filter materials S1 to S3 are subjected to a tear propagation test, whereby the samples are previously provided with a defined incision. A force of approximately 10 N is applied for a defined period of time. Subsequently, the material sections or samples of the protective filter materials S1 to S3 subjected to this test are examined for their protective function against harmful or toxic substances, as previously described, for the area below the originally introduced incision. In this context, a value of 6.9 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours. The protective filter material S2 has a value of 2.8 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours. For the protective filter material S3, the value is 0.8 µg / cm 2per 24 hours. The values ​​illustrate that, as previously stated, significant damage is already present for the protective filter material S1 in the area below the incision after the force load, accompanied by a higher penetration of the pollutant or toxic substance. Significantly lower values ​​are found for the protective filter materials S2 and S3, with the protective filter material S3 exhibiting the best values ​​in this regard.

[0381] Overall, within the scope of the present invention, also against the background of the above statements, high-performance protective filter materials are provided which have a high mechanical stability even during or after high force loads, wherein in this context an excellent protective function against harmful and toxic substances is also provided and also excellent application properties, for example with regard to processing into protective clothing or filters or filter systems, the provision of a high air permeability and good drapability of the material with an overall low basis weight and good haptic properties. List of reference symbols 1 ABC protective filter material 2 Multi-layer (multi-layer) structure of the protective filter material 3 Carrier layer 3a first side (“functional side”) of the carrier layer 3b second side of the carrier layer 3c Tissue 3D warp threads 3rd weft threads 3f floats in warp direction 3g floats in weft direction 3h multiple, especially double, (thread) drawing in of the warp threads 3i multiple, especially double, (thread) insertion of the weft threads 4 Adhesive (“first adhesive”) 5 protective layer 5a first side of the protective layer 5b second side of the protective layer 5c Adsorbent particles 5d fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material 5e Particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) 6 Cover layer 7 Adhesive (“second adhesive”) 8 Adhesive (“third adhesive”) 9 Outer layer QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 2 026 884 A2

[0040] WO 2007 / 071835 A2

[0040] US 2009 / 0093178 A1

[0040] WO 2009 / 096184 A1

[0265] DE 10 2008 005 218 A1

[0265] DE 20 2006 016 898 U1

[0267] EP 1 918 022

[0267] US 2008 / 0107589 A1

[0267] WO 01 / 83688

[0267] EP 01 / 04615

[0267] WO 2011 / 003434

[0267] EP 2009 / 007172

[0267] WO 2008 / 110233

[0267] EP 2008 / 000606

[0267] WO 2013 / 068060

[0267] EP 2012 / 003743

[0267] WO-A-98 / 041678

[0290] EP 0 966 558 B1

[0290] DE 698 09 718 T2

[0290] WO-A-01 / 70372

[0290] DE 196 47 366 A1

[0290] Zitierte Nicht-Patentliteratur

[0000] DIN EN ISO 139:2011 [0058, 0370] DIN EN ISO 13937-2:2000

[0064] DIN IN ISO 2060:1995

[0185] DIN IN ISO 13937-2:2000

[0208] DIN EN ISO 13934-1:2013

[0211] DIN EN 12127:1997 [0212, 0259, 0295, 0333] DIN EN ISO 9237:1995 [0214, 0215] L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Russ. 47, 805

[0280] S. Lowell et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, Seiten 111 ff

[0280] R. W. Magee, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994

[0281] Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1, AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, OM, 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pages 71 ff

[0281] Römpp Chemistry Encyclopedia, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart / New York, keyword: “

[0282] Winnacker-Küchler (3rd edition), Volume 7, pages 93 ff

[0282] Z. Anal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968

[0282] DIN EN ISO 9073-2:1997

[0294]

Claims

[1] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double). [2] Protective filter material according to claim 1, wherein a part, in particular the other part, of the warp threads (3d) is simply (individually) drawn in and / or a part, in particular the other part, of the weft threads (3e) is simply (individually) inserted. [3] Protective filter material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a warp thread system formed from a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a weft thread system formed from a plurality of weft threads (3e); in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction and / or the part of the floating warp threads (3d) are part of the warp thread system and / or form the warp thread system; and / or, preferably and, in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction and / or the part of the floating weft threads (3e) are part of the weft thread system and / or form the weft thread system. [4] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another; and / or, preferably and, wherein the weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another. [5] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially perpendicular to the weft threads (3e) and / or wherein the weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially perpendicular to the warp threads (3d). [6] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f, 3g) are designed such that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, threads (3d, 3e) arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, and preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled; and / or wherein the floats (3f, 3g) are designed such that, after the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, threads (3d, 3e) arranged at least substantially parallel and / or in a common direction, in particular in the warp direction or in the weft direction, and preferably adjacent to one another, are at least partially and / or at least partially pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed-together and / or bundled arrangement. [7] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are formed in the warp direction in such a way that, under the action of forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent warp threads (3d) are pushed together and / or bundled at least partially and / or at least in sections; and / or wherein the floats (3f) are formed in the warp direction in such a way that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably mutually adjacent warp threads (3d) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed together and / or bundled arrangement. [8] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) are formed in the weft direction in such a way that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads (3e) are pushed together and / or bundled at least partially and / or at least in sections; and / or wherein the floats (3g) are formed in the weft direction in such a way that, under the action of a forceful (further) tearing stress, preferably adjacent weft threads (3e) are at least partially and / or at least sectionally pushed together and / or bundled and / or are present in a pushed together and / or bundled arrangement. [9] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially parallel to one another and / or are arranged at least substantially parallel to the non-floating warp threads (3d) that may be present; and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to one another and / or are arranged to run at least substantially parallel to the non-floating weft threads (3e) that may be present. [10] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction and / or the floating warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the weft direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating weft threads (3e) and / or are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to the non-floating weft threads (3e) that may be present; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction and / or the floating weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, are arranged to run at least substantially perpendicular to the floats in the warp direction and / or at least substantially perpendicular to the floating warp threads (3d) and / or are arranged to run at least substantially perpendicular to the non-floating warp threads (3d) that may be present. [11] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are formed along a respective warp thread course by (exactly) one warp thread (3d), preferably by a simply (individually) inserted warp thread (3d); and / or wherein the floats (3g) are formed along a respective weft thread course by (exactly) one weft thread (3e), preferably by a simply (individually) inserted weft thread (3e). [12] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over at least two weft threads (3e), preferably over (exactly) two weft threads (3e), and / or each span over them; and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over a maximum of five weft threads (3e), in particular over a maximum of four weft threads (3e), preferably over a maximum of three weft threads (3e), preferably over a maximum of two weft threads (3e), and / or span these in each case; and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over two to five weft threads (3e), in particular two to four weft threads (3e), and / or span these in each case; and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each extend over (exactly) two weft threads (3e) and / or span them. [13] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have at least two (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably (exactly) two (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have a maximum of five (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular a maximum of four (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably a maximum of three (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), preferably a maximum of two (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have two to five (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts), in particular two to four (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts); and / or wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, each have (exactly) two (consecutive) thread lifts (warp lifts). [14] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are closed and / or enclosed in the warp direction at their respective ends, in particular at both ends, by at least one thread depression (warp depression), in particular (exactly) one thread depression (warp depression). [15] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3f) are arranged in the warp direction, in particular in the warp thread system, in a respective warp thread (3d) in direct succession, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in a respective warp thread (3d) are each closed and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread depression (warp depression), in particular (exactly) one thread depression (warp depression). [16] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or with respect to the respective warp thread extension, are each at least substantially continuous and / or at least substantially completely floating; and / or wherein the floats (3f) are present and / or arranged at least substantially over the entire warp thread course and / or at least substantially over the entire warp thread extension of the respective warp threads (3d). [17] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or in relation to the respective warp thread extension, have at least one float (3f), in particular at least two floats (3f), preferably a plurality of floats (3f), in relation to the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or in relation to an individual warp thread (3d) having the floats (3f); and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread course and / or based on the respective warp thread extension, have a number of floats (3f) in the range from 2 to 50, in particular in the range from 2 to 40, preferably in the range from 3 to 30, more preferably in the range from 4 to 20, based on the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or based on an individual warp thread (3d) having the floats (3f). [18] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over at least two warp threads (3d), preferably over (exactly) two warp threads (3d), and / or each span over them; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over a maximum of five warp threads (3d), in particular over a maximum of four warp threads (3d), preferably over a maximum of three warp threads (3d), preferably over a maximum of two warp threads (3d), and / or each span these; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over two to five warp threads (3d), in particular over two to four warp threads (3d), and / or each span these; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each extend over (exactly) two warp threads (3d) and / or each span them. [19] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have at least two (successive) thread depressions, preferably (exactly) two (successive) thread depressions; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have a maximum of five (consecutive) thread depressions, in particular a maximum of four (consecutive) thread depressions, preferably a maximum of three (consecutive) thread depressions, preferably a maximum of two (consecutive) thread depressions; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have two to five (consecutive) thread depressions, in particular two to four (consecutive) thread depressions; and / or wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, each have (exactly) two (successive) thread depressions. [20] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) are closed and / or enclosed in the weft direction at their respective ends, in particular at both ends, by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift. [21] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the floats (3g) are arranged in the weft direction, in particular in the weft thread system, in a respective weft thread (3e) in direct succession, in particular wherein the floats (3g) in a respective weft thread (3e) are each closed and / or enclosed at the end by at least one thread lift, in particular (exactly) one thread lift. [22] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or in relation to the respective weft thread extension, are each at least substantially continuous and / or at least substantially completely floating; and / or wherein the floats (3g) are present and / or arranged at least substantially over the entire weft thread course and / or at least substantially over the entire weft thread extension of the respective weft threads (3e). [23] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or in relation to the respective weft thread extension, have at least one float (3g), in particular at least two floats (3g), preferably a plurality of floats (3g), in relation to the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or in relation to a weft thread (3e) having the floats (3g); and / or wherein at least some of the weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread course and / or based on the respective weft thread extension, have a number of floats (3g) in the range from 2 to 50, in particular in the range from 2 to 40, preferably in the range from 3 to 30, more preferably in the range from 4 to 20, based on the weave repeat of the fabric (3c) and / or based on a weft thread (3e) having the floats (3g). [24] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every, warp thread (3d), preferably a single (individually) drawn-in warp thread (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats (3f), in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably and, wherein at least every tenth, in particular at least every fifth, preferably every third, preferably every second, particularly preferably every weft thread (3e), preferably simply (individually) inserted weft thread (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats (3g), in particular as defined above. [25] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the warp threads (3d), preferably the simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system and based on the total number of warp threads (3d), preferably the total number of simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3f), in particular as defined above; [26] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the weft threads (3e), preferably of the simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system and based on the total number of weft threads (3e), preferably on the total number of simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g), in particular as defined above. [27] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably 100%, of the warp threads (3d), preferably the simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), and the weft threads (3e), in particular in the warp thread system and the weft thread system and based on the total number of warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e), preferably the total number of simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d) and simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3f, 3g), in particular as defined above. [28] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, warp threads (3d) arranged next to one another and / or following one another, in particular simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3f), in particular as defined above. [29] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 2, in particular at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, particularly preferably at least 10, juxtaposed and / or successive weft threads (3e), in particular simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g), in particular as defined above. [30] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each warp thread (3d), in particular in the warp thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats (3f) and / or wherein the warp threads (3d) in their entirety and / or all warp threads (3d) are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3f) and / or wherein 100% of the warp threads (3d), in particular in the warp thread system and based on the total number of warp threads (3d), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3f), in particular as defined above; and / or, preferably and, wherein each weft thread (3e), in particular in the weft thread system, is designed to be floating and / or has floats (3g) and / or wherein the weft threads (3e) in their entirety and / or all weft threads (3e) are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g) and / or wherein 100% of the weft threads (3e), in particular in the weft thread system and based on the total number of warp threads (3d), are designed to be floating and / or have floats (3g), in particular as defined above; [31] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fabric (3c) has a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement at least in sections and / or regions, in particular in the sections and / or regions formed by simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d) and / or by simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e). [32] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective float courses and / or sequences of adjacent warp threads (3d), in particular of adjacent simply (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), preferably along the respective warp thread courses and / or relative to the warp direction, are offset and / or shifted relative to one another, in particular by at least one weft (thread) row and / or weft (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (burr) and / or a burr-shaped (thread) arrangement in the fabric (3c) is present at least in sections and / or regions. [33] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective float courses and / or sequences of adjacent weft threads (3e), in particular of adjacent simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), preferably along the respective weft thread courses and / or relative to the weft direction, are offset and / or shifted relative to one another, in particular by at least one warp (thread) row and / or warp (thread) position, in particular so that a burr formation (burr) and / or burr-shaped (thread) arrangement in the fabric (3c) which is present at least in sections and / or regions results. [34] Protective filter material according to one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the ridge formation (ridge) and / or ridge-shaped (thread) arrangement has at least one ridge direction change, in particular a plurality of ridge direction changes, in particular so that the ridge formation and / or ridge-shaped (thread) arrangement is present and / or designed as a herringbone, in particular wherein the ridge direction change occurs and / or is present at and / or adjacent to the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d). [35] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) (warp threads 3d with multiple, in particular double, (thread) drawing-in 3h) and / or, preferably and, (also) the multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads (3e) (weft threads 3e with multiple, in particular double, (thread) insertion 3i) each have floats (3f, 3g) and / or are each designed to be floating. [36] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) each have floats (3f) and / or are each designed to float; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), warp threads (3d) drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), each have an identical (overall) float course and / or an identical float sequence and / or formation, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts (warp lifts) and / or thread lowerings (warp lowerings), preferably along the respective warp thread courses and / or related to the respective warp thread extensions. [37] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein (also) the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) each have floats (3g) and / or are each designed to float, in particular as defined above; and / or wherein, within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) each have an identical (overall) float course and / or an identical float sequence and / or formation, in particular the same sequence of thread lifts and / or thread lowerings, preferably along the respective weft thread courses and / or related to the respective weft thread extensions. [38] Protective filter material according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein at least some of the multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) have no floats and / or are each non-floating; and / or wherein at least some of the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) have no floats and / or are each non-floating. [39] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), warp threads (3d) drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), are arranged identically and / or coextensively along their warp thread courses and / or warp thread extensions and / or with respect to the warp direction; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), warp threads (3d) drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), are arranged in the same binding manner to one another; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent warp threads (3d), warp threads (3d) drawn in multiple times, in particular twice (double), are at least substantially completely in contact with one another along their warp thread courses and / or warp thread extensions and / or are at least substantially completely in contact with one another. [40] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within two or more groups of non-adjacent warp threads (3d), multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads (3d) are spaced and / or separated in the fabric (3c), in particular in the warp thread system; in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one singly (individually) drawn-in warp thread (3d), in particular by a plurality of singly (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d), in particular wherein the respective singly (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d) are arranged in the fabric (3c), in particular in the warp thread system, in particular next to one another between the multiply, in particular twice (double), drawn-in warp threads (3d) and the adjacent multiply, in particular twice (double), drawn-in warp threads (3d); and / or in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, more preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, singly (individually) drawn-in warp threads (3d). [41] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) are arranged identically and / or coextensively along their weft thread courses and / or weft thread extensions and / or with respect to the weft direction; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double, drawn-in weft threads (3e) are arranged in the same binding manner to one another; and / or wherein within a group of adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) are at least substantially completely in contact with one another along their warp thread courses and / or weft thread extensions and / or are at least substantially completely in contact with one another. [42] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within two or more groups of non-adjacent weft threads (3e), multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) are spaced and / or separated from adjacent multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) in the fabric (3c), in particular in the weft thread system; in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected and / or provided by at least one individually inserted weft thread (3e), in particular by a plurality of simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e), in particular wherein the respective individually inserted weft threads (3e) are arranged in the fabric (3c), in particular in the weft thread system, in particular next to one another between the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) and the adjacent multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e); and / or in particular wherein the spacing and / or separation is effected by 1 to 50, in particular 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 25, preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 7 to 15, simply (individually) inserted weft threads (3e) are inserted and / or provided. [43] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads (3d) and the remaining warp threads (3d), in particular the single (single) drawn-in warp threads (3d), have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) and / or thread diameters compared to one another; and / or, preferably and, wherein the multiple, in particular double (double), inserted weft threads (3e) and the remaining weft threads (3e), in particular the single (single) inserted weft threads (3e), have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) and / or thread diameters compared to one another. [44] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another. [45] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c) has a twill weave. [46] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a warp twill weave and / or a weft twill weave, preferably a warp twill weave and a weft twill weave. [47] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond, K4 / 1 bond, K2 / 2 bond or K3 / 2 bond; in particular a K2 / 1 bond, K3 / 1 bond or K4 / 1 bond; preferably a K2 / 1 bond or K3 / 1 bond; preferably a K2 / 1 bond. [48] ​​Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular in sections and / or regions, has a ripstop weave, in particular based on the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in warp threads (3d) and / or, preferably and, the multiple, in particular double (double), drawn-in weft threads (3e). [49] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a ripstop fabric in twill weave; in particular wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop, K4 / 1 ripstop, K2 / 2 ripstop or K3 / 2 ripstop; in particular K2 / 1 ripstop, K3 / 1 ripstop or K4 / 1 ripstop; preferably as a K2 / 1 ripstop or K3 / 1 ripstop, preferably K2 / 1 ripstop; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is designed as a ripstop fabric in warp twill weave and / or as a ripstop fabric in weft twill weave, preferably as a ripstop fabric in warp twill and weft twill weave. [50] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), has or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn). [51] Protective filter material according to claim 50, wherein the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), preferably all warp threads (3d) and all weft threads (3e), are each formed by and / or comprise the sheath / core yarn, in particular by the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), is formed exclusively by the at least one sheath / core yarn, in particular sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in addition to the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has no further yarn and / or no further fiber different therefrom. [52] Protective filter material according to claim 50 or 51, wherein the sheath / core yarn has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material, in particular of natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO) (as sheath material), to chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material, in the range of (30 to 80): (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70): (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65): (45 to 35); and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn) has a weight ratio of sheath material to core material (CO / PES weight ratio) in the range of (30 to 80): (70 to 20), in particular in the range of (45 to 70): (55 to 30), preferably in the range of (55 to 65): (45 to 35). [53] Protective filter material according to one of claims 50 to 52, wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), is designed as a single yarn. [54] Protective filter material according to one of claims 50 to 53, wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a linear density (fineness or thickness) in the range from 30 dtex to 150 dtex, in particular in the range from 45 dtex to 130 dtex, preferably in the range from 60 dtex to 110 dtex; and / or wherein the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn, in particular the core (core fiber) of the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a titer (fineness or thickness) in the range from 25 dtex to 125 dtex, in particular in the range from 40 dtex to 110 dtex, preferably in the range from 50 dtex to 100 dtex. [55] Protective filter material according to one of claims 50 to 54, wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably a fineness-related maximum tensile strength, of at least 50 cN / tex, in particular at least 60 cN / tex, preferably at least 70 cN / tex, preferably at least 80 cN / tex, particularly preferably at least 90 cN / tex; and / or wherein the sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), has a maximum tensile strength, preferably fineness-related maximum tensile strength, in the range from 50 cN / tex to 500 cN / tex, in particular in the range from 60 cN / tex to 400 cN / tex, preferably in the range from 70 cN / tex to 300 cN / tex, preferably in the range from 80 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex, particularly preferably in the range from 90 cN / tex to 250 cN / tex. [56] Protective filter material according to one of claims 50 to 55, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has or consists of a single and / or uniform type of sheath / core yarn, in particular the sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn), preferably with a uniform design of the sheath and / or the core and / or with a uniform titre. [57] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a warp thread count and / or warp thread density in the range from 10 warp threads / cm to 50 warp threads / cm, in particular in the range from 15 warp threads / cm to 45 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range from 20 warp threads / cm to 40 warp threads / cm, preferably in the range from 25 warp threads / cm to 35 warp threads / cm; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a weft thread count and / or weft thread density in the range from 5 weft threads / cm to 45 weft threads / cm, in particular in the range from 10 weft threads / cm to 40 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range from 15 weft threads / cm to 35 weft threads / cm, preferably in the range from 20 weft threads / cm to 30 weft threads / cm. [58] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a (further) tear resistance, in particular (further) tear force, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 40 N, preferably at least 50 N; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a (further) tear resistance, in particular (further) tear force, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range from 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range from 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range from 40 N to 300 N, preferably in the range from 50 N to 200 N. [59] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, of at least 150 N, in particular at least 250 N, preferably at least 350 N, preferably at least 400 N; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a maximum tensile strength (maximum tensile force), in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in the range from 150 N to 1,200 N, in particular in the range from 250 N to 1,100 N, preferably in the range from 350 N to 1,000 N, preferably in the range from 400 N to 950 N. [60] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a basis weight in the range of 40 g / m 2 up to 250 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 200 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 60 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 70 g / m 2 up to 120 g / m 2 , has. [61] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.01 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.075 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. [62] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has an air permeability of at least 5 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular at least 10 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 50 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 100 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably at least 200 l·m -2 s -1 and / or [63] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer 3, in particular the fabric 3c, has an air permeability of in the range of 5 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,500 l·m -2 s -1 m, especially in the range of 100 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,250 l·m -2 s -1 m, preferably in the range of 200 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,000 l·m -2 s -1 m, preferably in the range of 400 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,800 l·m -2 s -1 m, has. [64] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is finished and / or has a finishing treatment, in particular wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), has been subjected to a finishing treatment; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is dyed, in particular using at least one reactive dye and / or at least one disperse dye, in particular at least one reactive dye and at least one disperse dye; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is surface-treated, in particular by means of at least one polyolefin, preferably polyethylene, in particular using at least one polyolefin dispersion, preferably polyethylene dispersion; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is sanforized (shrunk). [65] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is pretreated and / or has been subjected to a pretreatment, in particular before carrying out the finishing treatment as defined in claim 64; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is singed, in particular wherein the singeing has been carried out thermally; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is desized, in particular wherein the desizing has been carried out enzymatically and / or using enzymes; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is bleached, in particular wherein the bleaching has been carried out using at least one bleaching agent, in particular sodium chlorite and / or hydrogen peroxide; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is leached, in particular wherein the leaching has been carried out using at least one lye, in particular sodium hydroxide solution. [66] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) covers in each case at most 75% of the surface of the carrier layer (3), in particular of the fabric (3c), and / or of the protective layer (5), preferably at most 60% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or of the protective layer (5), particularly preferably at most 50% of the surface of the carrier layer (3) and / or of the protective layer (5), very particularly preferably at most 40% of the carrier layer (3), in particular of the fabric (3c), and / or of the protective layer (5); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is present in an amount in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 75 g / m2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 50 g / m 2 , is used and / or is present in particular as an adhesive polymer. [67] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive") is formed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displaceability, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or of the fabric (3c), in particular under forceful (further) tearing stress, is at least substantially not impaired and / or restricted. [68] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least some of the warp threads (3d) are at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads (3d), at least in sections, in particular wherein the proportion of non-bonded warp threads (3d) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of warp threads (3d); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least some of the weft threads (3e) are at least substantially not bonded to adjacent weft threads (3e), at least in sections, in particular wherein the portion of the non-bonded weft threads (3e) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of weft threads (3e); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least a portion of the floats (3f) of the warp threads (3d) is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent warp threads (3d) or over-stretched weft threads (3e), in particular wherein the portion of the non-bonded floats (3f) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats (3f); and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that at least a part of the floats (3g) of the weft threads (3e) is at least substantially not bonded to adjacent weft threads (3e) or over-stretched warp threads (3d), in particular wherein the part of the non-bonded floats (3g) is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, based on the total number of floats (3g). [69] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the binding and / or crossing points of warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) are free of adhesive (4) and / or are not coated with adhesive (4) or are at most provided with adhesive with the proviso that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) are at least substantially not glued to one another in the binding and / or crossing points; in particular wherein at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, of the binding and / or crossing points, based on the total number of binding and / or crossing points in the carrier layer (3), in particular fabric (3c), are free of adhesive (4) or are coated with adhesive (4) at most with the proviso that the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) are at least substantially not glued to one another in the binding and / or crossing points. [70] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is formed and / or applied in a dot matrix and / or discontinuous dot-shaped and / or non-continuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably with an at least substantially circular cross-section; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of, in particular, non-connected adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-connected and / or spaced apart and / or non-touching adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is in the form of a grid, in particular a regular grid, with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) points; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied electronically calculated and / or controlled and / or computer-based; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with a predetermined hole pattern and / or (hole) grid. [71] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, in particular, wherein the diameter, in particular the cross-sectional diameter parallel to the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), of a respective adhesive (polymer) point is at most as large as, preferably smaller than, the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the respective adhesive (polymer) point; and / or in particular, wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) point, based on the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or the fabric (3c), at least substantially does not extend over the longitudinal extension of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially does not extend over the diameter (thread or yarn diameter) of the warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point; and / or in particular wherein a respective adhesive (polymer) point, based on the vertical plan view of the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or of the fabric (3c), is positioned at least substantially centrally on the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point, preferably at least substantially centrally to the longitudinal axis, in particular the rotation axis, of the respective warp thread (3d) and / or weft thread (3e) carrying and / or having the adhesive (polymer) point. [72] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetration depth of the adhesive (4) ("first adhesive"), in particular in the form of adhesive (polymer) dots, into the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), is at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, based on the thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, of the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c). [73] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hotmelt adhesive, in particular a moisture-crosslinking and / or radiation-crosslinking adhesive, preferably a moisture-crosslinking hotmelt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-crosslinking, polyurethane (PUR) hotmelt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is present and / or formed in the form of an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the protective filter material (1) as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer. [74] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) has a (total) basis weight in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 600 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 500 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 40 g / m 2 up to 400 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 60 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , and / or wherein the protective layer (5) is designed to be gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and / or water vapor-permeable, preferably gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, and water vapor-permeable, preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable. [75] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of adsorber particles (adsorption particles) 5c, in particular a plurality of individual and / or discrete adsorber particles; in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged in layers and / or form a layer; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or activated carbon particles in spherical form (“spherical carbon”), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form. [76] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorbent particles (5c) of the protective layer (5) are selected from the group of (i) in particular particulate activated carbon and / or activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or activated carbon particles in spherical form (“spherical carbon”); (ii) zeolites, in particular natural and / or synthetic zeolites; (iii) molecular sieves, in particular zeolitic molecular sieves, synthetic molecular sieves and / or in particular synthetic molecular sieves based on carbon, oxides and / or glasses; (iv) metal oxide and / or metal particles; (v) ion exchange resins, in particular polydisperse and / or monodisperse cation and / or anion exchangers, in particular of the gel type and / or macroporous type; (vi) inorganic oxides, in particular silicon dioxides, silica gels and / or aluminum oxides; (vii) porous organic polymers and / or porous organic-inorganic hybrid polymers and / or metal-organic framework materials, in particular MOFs (metal organic framework), COFs (covalent organic framework), ZIFs (zeolite imidazolate framework), POMs (polymer organic material) and / or OFCs; (viii) mineral granules; (ix) clathrates; and (x) mixtures and / or combinations thereof, with (i) being particularly preferred. [77] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorbent particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have a particle size, in particular a particle diameter, in the range from 0.05 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.075 mm to 0.75 mm, preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.125 mm to 0.4 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, in particular wherein at least 80 wt.%, in particular at least 90 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, preferably at least 99 wt.%, of the adsorbent particles (5c), in particular the activated carbon particles, have particle sizes, in particular particle diameters, in the aforementioned ranges. [78] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5), in particular the activated carbon particles, have an average particle size (D 50 ), in particular an average particle diameter (D 50 ), in the range from 0.06 mm to 1.1 mm, in particular in the range from 0.09 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably in the range from 0.12 mm to 0.7 mm, more preferably in the range from 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. [79] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorber particles (5c) of the protective layer (5) are activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in granular form (“granular carbon”) or activated carbon particles in spherical form (“spherical carbon”), preferably in the form of activated carbon particles in spherical form; in particular wherein the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a total pore volume according to Gurvich, in the range of 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 3.8 cm 3 / g, especially in the range of 0.4 cm 3 / g up to 3.5 cm 3 / g, preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 3 cm 3 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.6 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, most preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, and / or in particular wherein at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micropores and / or mesopores; and / or in particular wherein 50% to 95%, in particular 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 50 nm, in particular by micropores and / or mesopores; and / or in particular wherein 1% to 60%, in particular 5% to 50%, preferably 10% to 40%, preferably 15% to 35%, of the total pore volume, in particular the total pore volume according to Gurvich, of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of more than 2 nm, in particular by mesopores and / or macropores; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a pore volume formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm (ie ≤ 2 nm), in particular micropore volume according to carbon black, in the range of 0.05 cm 3 / g up to 2.5 cm 3 / g, especially 0.15 cm 3 / g up to 2 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 cm 3 / g up to 1.5 cm 3 / g, in particular wherein 15% to 98%, in particular 25% to 95%, preferably 35% to 90%, of the total pore volume of the activated carbon is formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores; and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a specific BET surface area in the range of 600 m 2 / g up to 4,000 m 2 / g, especially 800 m 2 / g up to 3,500 m 2 / g, preferably 1,000 m 2 / g up to 3,000 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 1,200 m 2 / g up to 2,750 m 2 / g, most preferably 1,300 m 2 / g up to 2,500 m 2 / g, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a surface formed by pores with pore diameters of at most 2 nm, in particular by micropores, in the range of 400 to 3,500 m 2 / g, especially 500 to 3,000 m 2 / g, preferably 600 to 2,500 m2 / g, preferably 700 to 2,000 m 2 / g, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has a surface formed by pores with pore diameters in the range of 2 nm to 50 nm, in particular by mesopores, in the range of 200 to 2,000 m 2 / g, especially 300 to 1,900 m 2 / g, preferably 400 to 1,800 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1,700 m 2 / g, and / or in particular wherein the activated carbon has an average pore diameter in the range from 0.1 nm to 55 nm, in particular 0.2 nm to 50 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 45 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 40 nm. [80] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) contains the adsorbent particles (5c), in particular the activated carbon particles, in an amount in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 450 g / m 2 , especially 10 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2up to 150 g / m 2 , and / or wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) which is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4). [81] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d), in particular in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet), preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet; in particular, wherein the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material (5d) is present and / or formed in the form of activated carbon fibers and / or activated carbon filaments, preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m 2 , especially 50 to 200 g / m 2 , preferably 80 to 180 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 90 to 150 g / m 2 , and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, is a woven fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, nonwoven, nonwoven or textile composite material, preferably woven fabric, in particular made of activated carbon fibers. Activated carbon fibers of the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material), preferably activated carbon fiber sheet material, consist of carbonized and activated cellulose or viscose and / or of carbonized or activated polyacrylonitrile, preferably of carbonized and activated polyacrylonitrile. [82] Protective filter material according to claim 81, wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) has at least one carrier layer, preferably two carrier layers; and / or wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) is arranged between carrier layers, in particular between two carrier layers; in particular, wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the at least one carrier layer; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material) is designed in three layers, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or as a three-layer laminate; and / or in particular wherein the adsorptive sheet-like structure (adsorption sheet-like structure) is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) which is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4). [83] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (particle and / or aerosol filter) (5e); in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a thickness, in particular cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.001 mm to 5 mm, in particular in the range from 0.005 mm to 3 mm, preferably in the range from 0.01 mm to 2 mm, preferably in the range from 0.02 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.04 mm to 0.75 mm; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a (total) surface weight in the range of 0.5 g / m 2 up to 200 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 0.8 g / m 2 up to 150 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 1 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2 , has. [84] Protective filter material according to claim 83, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) comprises or consists of textile fibers selected from the group of polyurethane fibers; polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers and polyamide fibers; and mixtures and combinations thereof, in particular polyurethane fibers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is a textile fabric, in particular a scrim or textile composite, preferably nonwoven, formed on the basis of and / or from textile fibers, in particular synthetic textile fibers, preferably polyurethane fibers, and / or comprising the aforementioned textile fibers, with a plurality of pores or meshes, in particular pores, delimited and / or formed by the textile fibers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has an average pore size or average mesh size, in particular an average pore size, in the range from 0.05 µm to 100 µm, in particular in the range from 0.1 µm to 50 µm, preferably in the range from 0.2 µm to 20 µm, preferably in the range from 0.3 µm to 10 µm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.4 µm to 5 µm, further preferably in the range from 0.5 µm to 3 µm, in particular determined according to ASTM F316-86; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has a maximum pore size or maximum mesh size, in particular maximum pore size, of up to 200 µm, in particular of up to 100 µm, preferably of up to 50 µm, preferably of at most 20 µm, particularly preferably of up to 10 µm, further preferably of up to 4 µm; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is designed as a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Penetration or Particulate Air) or ULPA filter (Ultra Low Penetration or Particulate Air); and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is connected to the adsorber particles (5c) and / or the fibrous and / or filamentary adsorption material (5d) by means of an adhesive (8) (“third adhesive”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued. [85] Protective filter material according to claim 83 or 84, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) has at least one carrier layer, preferably two carrier layers; and / or wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged between outer carrier layers, in particular between two outer carrier layers; in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the at least one carrier layer; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is formed in three layers, in particular as a three-layer composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or as a three-layer laminate; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) which is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4). [86] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with adsorber particles (5c), in particular adsorber particles (5c) arranged in layers and / or adsorber particles (5c) forming a layer, in particular as defined above; in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the adsorber particles (5c) forming a layer; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c) are arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) which is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4); and / or in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the adsorber particles (5c) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the adsorber particles (5c) forming a layer; and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged in the worn or applied state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the layered adsorber particles (5c) facing a pollutant source; and / or in particular wherein the adsorber particles (5c), in particular the layered adsorber particles (5c) and / or the adsorber particles (5c) forming a layer, are arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) facing away from a pollutant source. [87] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective layer (5) comprises or consists of at least one particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e), ​​in particular as defined above, in combination with a fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet material (adsorption sheet material or adsorption sheet layer), in particular as defined above; in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) forms a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or a laminate with the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet); and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet (adsorption sheet), is arranged and / or fixed on the carrier layer (3), in particular on the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) which is coated with adhesive (4), in particular by means of the adhesive (4); and / or in particular, wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged and / or fixed on the side of the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated with adhesive (4), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet-like structure (adsorption sheet-like structure); and / or in particular wherein the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) is arranged in the worn or applied state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d) facing a pollutant source; and / or in particular wherein the fibrous and / or filament-shaped adsorption material (5d), preferably in the form of an adsorptive sheet-like structure (adsorption sheet-like structure), is arranged in the worn or applied state on the side of the protective layer (5) facing away from a pollutant source, in particular on the side of the particle and / or aerosol filter layer (5e) facing away from a pollutant source. [88] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) in the protective filter material (1) is present and / or formed in the form of an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the protective filter material (1) as an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable and / or preferably discontinuously formed adhesive layer, preferably based on an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is present in an amount in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 90 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 70 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 45 g / m 2 , is used and / or is present in particular as an adhesive polymer; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is formed and / or applied in a discontinuous, point-like manner and / or is not continuous and / or in the form of adhesive (polymer) points, preferably with an at least substantially circular cross-section; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of, in particular, non-connected adhesive (polymer) dots, preferably non-connected and / or spaced apart and / or non-touching adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is present and / or formed in the form of an irregular pattern with a plurality of spaced-apart adhesive (polymer) dots; and / or wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is applied by means of a stencil, in particular with an irregular pattern; and / or wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a particularly reactive hot melt adhesive (hot melt), in particular a moisture-crosslinking and / or radiation-crosslinking adhesive, preferably a moisture-crosslinking hot melt adhesive, preferably a reactive, in particular moisture-crosslinking, polyurethane (PUR) hot melt adhesive, or is based thereon, in particular wherein the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) is a one-component adhesive or is based thereon. [89] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the covering layer (6) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile fabric, in particular as a knitwear, woven fabric, scrim or textile composite material, preferably nonwoven, particularly preferably as a nonwoven; and / or wherein the covering layer (6) comprises or consists of a material, in particular textile fiber material, preferably in the form of and / or as a component of threads and / or yarns, selected from the group of chemical fiber materials and natural fiber materials, preferably chemical fiber materials, in particular selected from the group of cotton (CO); wool; linen; polyesters; polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; acetates; triacetates; aramids, in particular meta- and / or para-amides; optionally modified and / or regenerated celluloses; polyacrylic; polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyurethanes; polyvinyl esters; modified and / or regenerated celluloses, in particular viscose; and mixtures or combinations thereof; preferably polyamide; and / or wherein the covering layer (6) has a basis weight in the range of 5 g / m 2 up to 100 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 10 g / m 2 up to 80 g / m 2, preferably in the range of 15 g / m 2 up to 60 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 20 g / m 2 up to 40 g / m 2 , has. [90] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a particularly textile outer layer (9) (outer fabric), in particular wherein the outer layer (9) is present or formed as a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, textile fabric; and / or in particular wherein the outer layer (9) is designed as a textile knitwear, preferably as a warp-knitted fabric (knitted fabric) or a woven fabric (knitted fabric), or in particular as a woven fabric, scrim, nonwoven or textile composite material; and / or wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the covering layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), is designed to be flame-retardant and / or flame-retardant and / or fire-resistant and / or flame-resistant; and / or. wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), is antistatic; and / or wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), in particular the outer layer (9), has an oleophobic and / or hydrophobic finish and / or coating. wherein the outer layer (9) and / or the cover layer (6), preferably the outer layer (9), in particular in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective clothing item, is arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing away from a user (wearer) of the ABC protective clothing item; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), in particular the fabric (3c), in particular in the case of use of the protective filter material (1) in an ABC protective clothing item, is arranged in the worn or used state on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing away from a pollutant source and / or on the side of the protective filter material (1) facing a user (wearer) of the ABC protective clothing item. [91] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1), in particular the carrier layer (3), the layer formed by the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”), the protective layer (5), the layer formed by the adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) and the cover layer (7), are (each) permeable to air and permeable to water vapor. [92] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) is formed as a composite, preferably a solid composite, and / or as a laminate, in particular an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable composite or laminate; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has at least one further layer, in particular a textile layer, preferably a reinforcement and / or carrier layer or the like. [93] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a (total) basis weight (in particular determined as dry weight) in the range of 50 g / m 2 up to 1,000 g / m 2 , especially in the range of 75 g / m 2 up to 750 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 100 g / m 2 up to 500 g / m 2 , preferably in the range of 120 g / m 2 up to 350 g / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 150 g / m 2 up to 300 g / m2 , and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a thickness, in particular total cross-sectional thickness, in the range from 0.1 mm to 15 mm, in particular in the range from 0.15 mm to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.4 mm to 2 mm. [94] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has a (further) tear resistance, in particular a (further) tear force, of at least 25 N, in particular at least 30 N, preferably at least 40 N, preferably at least 50 N, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the fabric (3c) underlying the protective filter material (1); and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a (further) tear resistance, in particular (further) tear force, in the range from 25 N to 500 N, in particular in the range from 30 N to 400 N, preferably in the range from 40 N to 300 N, preferably in the range from 50 N to 200 N, in particular in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction of the fabric (3c) on which the protective filter material (1) is based. [95] Protective filter material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective filter material (1) has an air permeability of at least 1 l·m -2 s -1 , in particular at least 2 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 5 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably at least 7 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably at least 10 l·m -2 s -1 and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has an air permeability in the range of 1 l·m -2 s -1 up to 2,000 l·m -2 s-1 , especially in the range of 2 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,500 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably in the range of 5 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,250 l·m -2 s -1 , preferably in the range of 7 l·m -2 s -1 up to 1,000 l·m -2 s -1 , particularly preferably in the range of 10 l·m -2 s -1 up to 750 l·m -2 s -1 , and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a barrier effect against harmful and / or toxic substances, in particular chemical warfare agents, in particular bis[2-chloroethyl]sulphide (mustard gas, HD), determined according to method 2.2 of CRDEC-SP-84010, of at most 4 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, in particular not more than 3.5 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, preferably not more than 3.0 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, preferably not more than 2.5 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, particularly preferably not more than 2.25 µg / cm 2per 24 hours, most preferably not more than 2 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours, more preferably not more than 1.75 µg / cm 2 per 24 hours; and / or wherein the protective filter material (1) has a degree of separation (separation efficiency) of at least 80%, in particular of at least 85%, preferably of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%. [96] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn). [97] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); and wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another. [98] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); and wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another. [99] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double); wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one multi-component yarn (multi-component fiber), in particular at least one sheath / core yarn, preferably at least one sheath / core yarn with at least one natural fiber material, preferably cotton (CO), as sheath material and at least one chemical fiber material, in particular at least substantially non-stretchable and / or non-elastic chemical fiber material, preferably polyester (PES), as core material; and / or wherein the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), comprises or preferably consists of at least one sheath / core yarn with cotton (CO) as sheath material and polyester (PES) as core material (CO / PES sheath / core yarn); wherein the warp threads (3d) and weft threads (3e) forming the carrier layer (3), preferably the fabric (3c), in particular the warp thread system and the weft thread system, have at least substantially identical and / or at least substantially equal titres (finenesses or thicknesses) compared to one another; and wherein the adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) is designed and / or applied in such a way that the thread mobility, in particular the thread displaceability, preferably in the main extension plane of the carrier layer (3) or of the fabric (3c), in particular under (further) tearing stress and / or the effect of a forceful (further) tearing stress, is at least substantially not impaired and / or at least substantially not restricted. [100] NBC protective filter material (1) (CBRN protective filter material), preferably for use in a textile NBC protective clothing item, in particular NBC protective filter material (1) with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile NBC protective filter material (1) with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants and preferably with high and / or improved (further) tear resistance, in particular ABC protective filter material (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure (2), in particular from several interconnected layers (layers) (3, 4, 5), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material (1) comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) a textile carrier layer (3) with two opposite sides (3a, 3b), wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (4) is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”) (3a), (ii) a protective layer (5) with two opposite sides (5a, 5b) and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer (5) is connected via one of its two sides (5a) by means of the adhesive (4) to the textile carrier layer (3), in particular to the side (3a) of the carrier layer (3) coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer (6), wherein the cover layer (6) is connected to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, in particular by means of an adhesive (7) (“second adhesive”) preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer (5), in particular to the side (5b) of the protective layer (5) facing away from the carrier layer (3); characterized by , that the textile carrier layer (3) is designed as a woven fabric (3c) with a plurality of warp threads (3d) and with a plurality of weft threads (3e); wherein the fabric (3c) has floats (3f, 3g) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads (3d) and / or the weft threads (3e), preferably at least some of the warp threads (3d) and the weft threads (3e), are designed to be floating, in particular wherein the floats (3f) in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads (3e) and / or span these in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats (3g) in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads (3d) and / or span these in each case; and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular two-fold (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads (3d) and / or wherein a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular two-fold (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads (3e), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads (3d) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular two-fold (double), linear density (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) warp threads (3d) and wherein a part of the weft threads (3e) is inserted multiple times, in particular twice (double), and / or is designed with a multiple, in particular double (double), titre (fineness or thickness) in relation to the (remaining) weft threads (3e). [101] Use of floats (floats) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction in a textile carrier layer designed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, of multiple, in particular double, drawn-in warp threads and / or of multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads in the textile carrier layer formed as a woven fabric with a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective clothing item, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular for increasing and / or improving the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material comprising the carrier layer with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants. [102] Use of a textile carrier layer formed as a fabric with a plurality of warp threads and with a plurality of weft threads, to increase and / or improve the (further) tear resistance of an ABC protective filter material (CBRN protective filter material) comprising the carrier layer, in particular wherein the ABC protective filter material is used in a textile ABC protective clothing item, preferably with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular to increase and / or improve the (further) tear resistance of an air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile ABC protective filter material with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, whereby the tissue Floats (floats) in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, in particular wherein the floats in the warp direction each extend over at least two weft threads and / or span them in each case and / or in particular wherein the floats in the weft direction each extend over at least two warp threads and / or span them in each case, and / or, preferably and, has multiple, in particular double, inserted warp threads and / or multiple, in particular double, inserted weft threads. [103] Use according to claim 101 or 102, wherein the ABC protective filter material is designed as a preferably air-permeable and water vapor-permeable textile sheet material with a multi-layer (multi-ply) structure, in particular from several interconnected layers (layers), preferably in the form of a laminate, wherein the ABC protective filter material comprises, in particular in the following specified sequence (i), (ii) and optionally (iii): (i) the textile carrier layer formed as a fabric with two opposite sides, wherein one of its two sides (“functional side”) is coated and / or provided with a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive (“first adhesive”) and / or wherein a preferably discontinuously applied adhesive is applied to one of its two sides (“functional side”), (ii) a protective layer with two opposite sides and with a protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, in particular with an adsorptive and / or (aerosol-)filtering protective function against chemical and / or biological and / or nuclear pollutants, wherein the protective layer is connected via one of its two sides by means of the adhesive to the textile carrier layer, in particular to the side of the carrier layer coated and / or provided with adhesive (“functional side”), in particular permanently and / or permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, (iii) optionally a textile cover layer, wherein the cover layer is connected, in particular permanently and / or firmly connected, preferably glued, to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer, in particular by means of an adhesive preferably applied discontinuously to the protective layer, in particular to the side of the protective layer facing away from the carrier layer (“second adhesive”). [104] Use according to claim 101, 102 or 103, wherein the floats (floats) in the fabric (3c) are formed in the warp direction and / or in the weft direction, preferably in the warp direction and in the weft direction, and / or wherein at least some of the warp threads and / or the weft threads, preferably at least some of the warp threads and the weft threads, are formed floating, and / or, preferably and, wherein a part of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and / or a part of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double), preferably wherein a part of the warp threads is drawn in several times, in particular twice (double), and a part of the weft threads is inserted several times, in particular twice (double). [105] Use of an NBC protective filter material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100 for the production of protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular protective clothing, in particular for the civil or military sector, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, protective headwear, or the like, and / or for the production of protective covers of all kinds, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials and / or protective clothing for NBC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxic substances. [106] Use of an ABC protective filter material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100 for the production of filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for the removal of pollutants, odorous substances and toxic substances of all kinds, preferably for the removal of chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxic substances, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as ABC protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorption-capable support structures and filters for the medical sector. [107] Protective equipment and / or protective articles of all kinds, in particular for the civil or military sector, in particular protective clothing, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective footwear, protective socks, head protection clothing and the like, as well as protective covers, preferably all of the aforementioned protective equipment and / or protective articles for NBC use and / or with a protective function against chemical, biological and / or radioactive pollutants and toxic substances, manufactured using an NBC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100, and / or comprising an NBC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100. [108] Filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular for removing harmful, odorous and toxic substances of all kinds, preferably for removing chemical, biological and / or radioactive harmful and toxic substances, in particular from air and / or gas streams, such as protective mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular filters for room air purification, adsorption-capable support structures and filters for the medical sector, produced using an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100, and / or comprising an ABC protective filter material (1) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 100. [109] Use according to claim 101 or any one of claims 103 or 104, use according to claim 102 or any one of claims 103 or 104, use according to claim 105 or 106, protective equipment and / or protective articles according to claim 107 or filters and filter materials according to claim 108, characterized byone or more of the features of claims 1 to 100.

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