Formwork element and formwork system

Abstract

Formwork element (1) with a formwork surface (2) for delimiting a formwork space (3) along a first side (4), characterized in that an auxiliary formwork element (6) is provided which is arranged on the formwork element (1) so as to be movable into a formwork position in a direction containing a normal vector (N) to the formwork surface (2), preferably in a direction normal to the formwork surface (2), in order to enable a partial delimitation of the formwork space (3) along a second side (5).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a formwork element having a formwork surface for delimiting a formwork space along a first side.

[0002] Such formwork elements are used for the formwork of a formwork space, which is filled with a hardenable filler, usually concrete, after the formwork has been set in place to construct walls or ceilings of a building, at least in sections. To achieve the required load-bearing capacity of the structure to be erected, reinforcement, such as reinforcing bars, is usually arranged and connected in the formwork space before filling. An example of this would be the commonly known reinforced concrete.

[0003] After the filler has hardened, the formwork elements are usually removed and can largely be reused. Regarding the curing time required for curing, a distinction must be made between a technical and a statutory curing time.

[0004] The technical curing time is the time it takes for the filler to solidify. Solidification occurs due to chemical and / or physical processes within the filler and usually proceeds gradually. The technical curing time is the time after which the filler remains dimensionally stable without the formwork elements of the formwork section, although the final strength may not yet have been achieved.

[0005] The statutory curing time, on the other hand, is the time after which the legislator considers the constructed wall or ceiling to be (sufficiently) solid, in particular to permit the removal of the formwork elements. This statutory curing time is generally significantly longer than the technical curing time; in practice, it is often several times longer than the technical curing time. It is a limiting factor for the overall construction time of the structure, as explained below.

[0006] A formwork space is usually defined on several of its sides or side surfaces by appropriate formwork elements and, if necessary, auxiliary elements, such as wooden strips or wooden elements, to prevent the filler from seeping out during filling and curing as completely as possible. Such auxiliary elements can also be referred to as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements. A group of formwork elements and / or auxiliary elements that at least partially define a formwork space on several of its sides is referred to as a formwork system.

[0007] While in practice the shape of a formwork room can basically be any shape, depending on the structure to be constructed, the cuboid shape is the shape that is most commonly produced, as it is required in the construction of all walls, ceilings and floors.

[0008] The formwork space always has a base area and a peripheral surface, with the peripheral surface consisting of several side surfaces (four in the case of a cuboid shape). However, both the side surfaces and the base area are referred to as the sides of the formwork space, depending on whether a wall or a ceiling is being formed, as explained in more detail below.

[0009] The present invention therefore relates in particular to formwork elements and systems, as well as methods used in the production of cuboid-shaped formwork spaces, although this does not exclude the production of other shapes.

[0010] In practice, however, due to structural regulations and / or the material properties of the filler, it is not possible to completely construct a wall or ceiling in a single step—i.e., formwork and subsequent backfilling—in a single step. Instead, the entire project is divided into several adjacent formwork sections. The formwork sections are formed sequentially, one after the other, and then backfilled. Only once the filler in the current formwork section has hardened and the legally required curing time has elapsed can work begin on the adjacent formwork section.

[0011] A formwork section can theoretically consist of a single formwork space, but in the sense of a modular formwork it is advantageous if a formwork section is composed of a formwork space and one or more additional formwork volumes arranged next to one another and / or one behind the other.

[0012] Such formwork sections are generally enclosed on five sides, while the sixth side (filling opening), through which the filler is introduced into the space defined by the formwork section, remains open or must remain open. Depending on the desired dimensions of the wall or ceiling in one vertical direction, the formwork section is not filled over the entire formwork height, i.e., from the base area to the filling opening.

[0013] If the formwork section consists of a formwork chamber and one or more additional formwork volumes, for example because several formwork elements arranged side by side are required to define the required length of the formwork section, the formwork chamber is an end section of the formwork section, which has an end face and represents an end region of the formwork section. The end face of the formwork section thus corresponds to the end face of the formwork chamber. The formwork chamber is usually bounded by a maximum of four, preferably exactly four, sides, since in addition to the filling opening, the side adjacent to the adjoining additional formwork volume must also be open.

[0014] The end section of the formwork section opposite the front side has an end face that is preferably aligned parallel to the front side, since this end section is also typically bounded by the formwork on a maximum of four, preferably exactly four, sides. Additional formwork volumes located between the formwork space and the end section with the end face only need to be bounded by formwork on a maximum of three, preferably exactly three, sides, since they each adjoin a formwork space or another formwork volume on two of their sides.

[0015] Particularly in connection with the end face, the boundary of the end section does not necessarily have to be formed by a formwork element or an auxiliary element, but can, for example, be formed by an end face of the ceiling or wall section created using the previous adjacent formwork section. In other words, the end face of the subsequent adjacent formwork section corresponds to the end face of the formwork space of the previous adjacent formwork section. Alternatively, a previously constructed transverse wall can also define the end face.

[0016] If the front face is intended to serve as a transition between the formwork space and the adjacent formwork section, i.e., if the front face of the ceiling or wall section filled by the formwork section, which is defined by the front face of the current formwork space, is intended to form the end face of the adjacent formwork section, then one or more auxiliary elements, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, are typically used to form the front face of the formwork space. These auxiliary elements, in particular, enable the reinforcement bars of the current formwork section to be passed through for connection to the reinforcement bars of the adjacent formwork section.

[0017] Typically, the formwork sections have dimensions of up to 15 meters.

[0018] The thickness of the wall or ceiling is usually a few tens of centimeters, but can sometimes be thinner or significantly thicker. STATE OF THE ART

[0019] When constructing walls of a building, the formwork space of the corresponding formwork section can be limited on the side opposite the filling opening, i.e., on its base surface, by an existing floor slab or foundation plate. On the sides of the formwork space defining the filling opening, i.e., on its outer surface, the formwork space can be limited by formwork elements or by auxiliary elements, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, while the side of the formwork space opposite the front face remains open, as described above.

[0020] The height and length of the formwork section can be significantly greater than its thickness, with height being understood as the direction perpendicular to the floor surface of the structure. One or more additional formwork elements can be used along the length of the formwork section, as well as along the height of the formwork section or formwork space, if necessary.

[0021] In the event that the formwork section and the formwork space coincide, the side opposite the front side can also be limited, for example, by an existing wall or part of a wall.

[0022] When constructing slabs, the formwork space of the corresponding formwork section can be defined by a formwork element on the side opposite the filling opening, i.e., its base area. On the sides of the formwork space defining the filling opening, i.e., its outer surface, the formwork space can be defined by a combination of formwork elements, auxiliary elements, and, if applicable, existing walls, while the side of the formwork space opposite the front face remains open, as described above.

[0023] The length and width of the formwork section can be significantly greater than its thickness. Accordingly, one or more additional formwork elements can be used to form the base area of the formwork section.

[0024] The maximum fillable volume of such a limited formwork space or formwork section is generally determined by the properties of the material to be filled and legal regulations.

[0025] The fact is, however, that in order to produce walls and ceilings of a building, a large number of adjacent formwork sections defined in this way have to be filled, which has so far been problematic in that the formwork of one end face of a formwork space must necessarily be removed before the end face of the ceiling or wall section produced using the corresponding formwork section can function as the end face for the adjacent formwork section to be produced subsequently.

[0026] In practice, therefore, a formwork for a formwork section, especially for its formwork chamber, was first erected and filled with filler, then the material-related and legally prescribed curing time was allowed to elapse. Only after this curing time can the formwork and / or auxiliary elements bordering the front end be removed, before the formwork for the adjacent formwork section can be erected and subsequently filled.

[0027] The reason for this was that, when constructing a wall, the auxiliary elements defining the front of the formwork space, such as auxiliary formwork elements and / or additional formwork elements, were arranged and fixed or clamped between the formwork elements. On the other hand, the auxiliary elements are usually designed to pass through the reinforcement bars, which are generally arranged perpendicular to the vertical direction. Since the reinforcement bars prevent the auxiliary elements from being pulled out vertically, the formwork elements defining the lateral surfaces of the formwork space had to be removed or at least moved a certain distance laterally away from the constructed wall section in order to be able to remove the formwork defining the front surface.

[0028] Only after these elements had been removed could the formwork for the subsequent adjacent formwork section be erected, which meant that no work was possible on the adjacent formwork section to be constructed next before the statutory curing time for the formwork section that had just been filled had elapsed.

[0029] When constructing a ceiling, essentially the same problems arise as when constructing walls, but in this case the removal or movement of the formwork elements forming the base area of the formwork space, usually against the vertical direction, to remove the formwork of the front side is the step that prevented work on the adjacent formwork section to be constructed next. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a formwork element for delimiting a formwork space, in particular for delimiting a formwork space which is part of a formwork section, by means of which the statutory curing time of the filler material does not have to be waited for after filling a formwork section before the formwork of an adjacent formwork space, in particular of an adjacent formwork section, can be set.

[0031] The object of the invention is also to reduce the number of work steps required to produce a wall or ceiling formed from several formwork sections or to reduce the time required for the individual work steps and thus to achieve time savings in the production of the wall or ceiling.

[0032] In particular, it is an object of the invention to enable the simultaneous execution of several work steps which would otherwise necessarily have to be carried out consecutively, in order to achieve further time savings.

[0033] Consequently, it is also an object of the invention to enable a more cost-effective construction of a building, in particular by saving time.

[0034] Consequently, it is also an object of the invention to be able to position the formwork sections of a wall or ceiling to be produced in several sections in alignment with one another.

[0035] Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a formwork system and a method which each solves at least one of the previous objects. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in a formwork element of the type mentioned at the outset with a formwork surface for delimiting a formwork space along a first side, it is provided according to the invention that an auxiliary formwork element is provided which is arranged on the formwork element in a direction containing a normal vector to the formwork surface, preferably in a direction normal to the formwork surface, into a formwork position movable in order to enable a partial delimitation of the formwork space along a second side.

[0037] The inventive combination of a formwork element with a movable auxiliary formwork element is intended for the delimitation of a formwork space, the second side of which corresponds to the front side of the formwork space, so that the second side forms part of the lateral surface of the formwork space. This applies regardless of whether the formwork space is part of a formwork section, namely its front section, or whether the formwork section and the formwork space coincide.

[0038] In the case of formwork for a slab, the first side of the formwork space is the side of the formwork space opposite the filling opening, i.e. the floor area of the formwork space.

[0039] However, if the formwork element according to the invention with a movable auxiliary formwork element is used to form a wall, then the first side of the formwork space is also part of the lateral surface of the formwork space, namely that for one long side of the wall to be constructed.

[0040] The disadvantage of the prior art, according to which, for example, in the case of a long wall or ceiling to be erected in sections, the statutory curing time must be waited for before the delimitation of the next formwork space by formwork elements can be continued, is overcome by the formwork element according to the invention with a movable auxiliary formwork element: In the formwork position, the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element prevent filler from escaping from the formwork space. Since the auxiliary formwork element is only intended to partially define the second side of the formwork space, additional elements, such as additional formwork elements or additional auxiliary formwork elements, are usually provided, which, together with the auxiliary formwork element, define the second side of the formwork space. These additional elements are usually also designed to accommodate the reinforcement bars.

[0041] However, after the filler has hardened, it is not necessary, as in the prior art, for the formwork element comprising the formwork surface to be removed or at least moved a short distance away from the formwork space before the further elements delimiting the second side of the formwork space, in particular those designed to pass through the reinforcing bars, can be removed.

[0042] Rather, the movable design of the auxiliary formwork element is utilized: Since this is movable in the direction containing the normal vector in order to be brought from an initial position, for example a demolding position or dismantling position or transport position, into the formwork position, the process of setting the formwork is simplified due to the relative position to the formwork element predetermined by the direction of movement and the work steps required to set the formwork are reduced.

[0043] However, the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element into the formwork position also necessarily results in mobility in the opposite direction, so that the auxiliary formwork element can also be moved “back” from the formwork position in the opposite direction.

[0044] If the auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position is now moved in the opposite direction, the formwork element or its formwork surface itself can remain stationary with respect to the formwork space, while still allowing the elements bordering the second side of the formwork space to be removed. This makes it possible to erect the formwork for the adjacent formwork section even after waiting for the statutory curing time. Furthermore, preparatory work can already be carried out on the adjacent formwork section, for example, preparing the reinforcement for the adjacent formwork section and connecting this reinforcement with reinforcing bars from the formwork space.

[0045] According to the invention, the formwork element further serves to be able to fill an adjacent formwork section adjacent to the front side of the formwork space with filler, even though the formwork space or the formwork section of which the formwork space forms a part has not yet hardened or, to be more precise, whose statutory hardening time has not yet elapsed.

[0046] Due to the previously described mobility of the auxiliary formwork element, which mobility enables a "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element from the formwork position, in this case after a short curing time, during which the filler no longer flows, the statutory curing time does not yet allow the complete stripping of the formwork space or formwork section, the formwork element according to the invention enables the second side of the formwork space to be exposed and thus the end face of the wall or ceiling part produced by means of the formwork space or formwork section, which acts as the end face of the adjacent formwork section, to be exposed for the connection without the formwork space or formwork section having to be completely stripped, as was previously the case.

[0047] The adjacent formwork section can therefore be prepared immediately, even though the statutory curing time for the filler in the formwork space or section has not yet elapsed. Ideally, the technical curing time can be used for the aforementioned preparatory work. Ideally, in this case, after waiting for the technical curing time, plus a safety margin if necessary, the adjacent formwork section can be cast after removing the formwork from the front face, so that the difference to the statutory curing time plus the duration of the preparatory work can be recorded as time saved.

[0048] It is irrelevant that the auxiliary formwork element only partially covers the second side of the formwork space, since the movement of the auxiliary formwork element partially releases the second side so that additional formwork elements that are also present and which, together with the auxiliary formwork element, at least partially limit the second side, in particular during the construction of walls, can also be removed from the formwork despite the reinforcement.

[0049] If the movement of the auxiliary formwork element is essentially manual, it can be referred to as extending and retracting the auxiliary formwork element, whereas in the case of mechanical operation it can also be referred to as extending and retracting the auxiliary formwork element.

[0050] The previously described effect achieved by the auxiliary formwork element can be utilized particularly advantageously if the formwork element protrudes beyond the formwork space and the auxiliary formwork element, so that the same formwork element can be used directly for the formwork of the adjacent formwork section. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork element can also be designed to be connected to the adjacent formwork element by means of a formwork element connector.

[0051] Advantageously, the formwork element has a receiving space from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position, in particular extended or pushed out, and / or into which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position in the opposite direction, in particular retracted or drawn in.

[0052] Particularly preferably, the formwork element and the movable auxiliary formwork element form a mechanically connected unit so that they can be manipulated, stored and positioned together.

[0053] By manufacturing the auxiliary formwork element from metal, for example, it can be easily detached from the filler, especially from concrete, in the formwork position after the filler has hardened, thus enabling "lateral removal." In other words, this ensures the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element when retracting or retracting from the formwork position.

[0054] For this purpose, the auxiliary formwork element particularly preferably has a coating that reduces or prevents the adhesion of filler.

[0055] The direction of movement along which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved relative to the formwork element or its formwork surface into the formwork position must, in principle, only contain the normal vector to this surface, but not coincide with it. A direction containing the normal vector in this sense is a direction that can be represented by a vector whose component in the direction of the specified surface normal vector does not vanish. The normal vector to the formwork surface is the one of the two conceivable surface normal vectors to the formwork surface that points in the direction of the formwork space.

[0056] The direction in which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved for “lateral removal” is opposite to the direction of movement and corresponds to the opposite direction and refers to the other surface normal vector.

[0057] In other words, this direction of movement in a direction containing the normal vector achieves a movement of the auxiliary formwork element at least "obliquely" to the formwork surface. However, the direction of movement particularly preferably corresponds to the direction of the normal vector, so that the movement of the auxiliary formwork element occurs perpendicular to the formwork surface.

[0058] The filler is preferably concrete, although other hardenable materials are not fundamentally excluded. Resins, for example, are conceivable in this context, which are used in special applications, particularly in the construction industry.

[0059] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element has an auxiliary formwork surface which, in the formwork position, borders on the formwork surface, preferably running at right angles to it.

[0060] In other words, the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork surface together define an edge of the formwork space and thus also an edge of the wall or ceiling section to be constructed. If the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork surface form a right angle to each other, a corresponding formwork space is defined by the first and second sides arranged at right angles to each other, for example, by positioning the additional elements defining the formwork space to achieve the preferred cuboid shape of the formwork space.

[0061] This perpendicular alignment of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element to each other is advantageously achieved by the direction of movement of the auxiliary formwork element corresponding to the direction of the normal vector.

[0062] Adjacent is understood to mean that the auxiliary formwork surface and the formwork surface touch each other in such a way that a tight boundary of the formwork space is achieved along the aforementioned edge in order to prevent the penetration of filler between the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.

[0063] Such penetration should generally be prevented in order to ensure the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0064] For example, the penetration of filler into any gap between the temporary formwork element and the formwork element can cause the filler to harden at that point, which would restrict the mobility of the temporary formwork element or, in the worst case, prevent it completely. For this reason, the penetration of filler must be prevented by adjoining the temporary formwork surface to the formwork surface.

[0065] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element has a connection surface which is designed to engage with at least one additional formwork element.

[0066] As already mentioned at the beginning, additional formwork elements, for example made of wood, can be used to further define the second side, i.e., the front side, of the formwork space, whereby the additional formwork element also partially defines the second side. By attaching an additional formwork element to the auxiliary formwork element, the thickness of the ceiling or wall to be constructed can be varied, for example, or increased compared to the mere extension of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0067] In order to further delimit the second side of the formwork space beyond the auxiliary formwork element or its auxiliary formwork surface, it is therefore advantageous to provide additional elements, such as an additional formwork element, which preferably has an additional formwork surface for at least partially delimiting the second side of the formwork space. Since such an additional formwork element must interact with the auxiliary formwork element to delimit the formwork space and achieve the required tightness, the connecting surface of the auxiliary formwork element must be configured to rest against the additional formwork element. Furthermore, the additional formwork element can be designed to accommodate the passage of the reinforcing bars.

[0068] However, it must be ensured that no or at least as little filler as possible can escape between the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element.

[0069] In this sense, it is also to be understood that the connecting surface of the auxiliary formwork element is designed to rest on the additional formwork element in order to achieve the most complete sealing of the formwork space possible.

[0070] Preferably, the term "contact" is understood to mean an at least partially surface-wise contact of the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element, particularly preferably that the side of the additional formwork element facing the auxiliary formwork element is congruent with the connection surface of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0071] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork surface and the connecting surface border on one another.

[0072] The adjoining of the mentioned surfaces to each other means that both surfaces merge into each other along an edge of the auxiliary formwork element, so that the connecting surface limits the auxiliary formwork surface in the direction of movement.

[0073] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork surface and the connecting surface run at right angles to each other.

[0074] This allows for a straight, sharp edge on the wall or ceiling to be constructed. It also enables a particularly simple design of the auxiliary formwork element and its connecting surface, and thus also allows for easy connection of the additional formwork element.

[0075] In a further embodiment of the invention, the connection surface and formwork surface run parallel to each other.

[0076] This embodiment ensures that the connecting surface of the auxiliary formwork element and the formwork surface of the formwork element can be brought into a position in which the connecting surface and formwork surface form a common plane during the movement of the auxiliary formwork element.

[0077] This enables the production of a smooth wall or ceiling when the auxiliary formwork element is retracted or drawn in and the connecting surface serves to partially delimit another formwork space, in particular as explained below.

[0078] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element is movable into a demoulding position behind the formwork surface, but at least into a position in which the auxiliary formwork element is arranged flush with the formwork surface.

[0079] "Behind" the formwork surface means that the auxiliary formwork element can be positioned relative to the formwork surface during movement along the reverse direction of movement in the demolding position such that no section of the auxiliary formwork element "protrudes" beyond the formwork surface. In other words, the auxiliary formwork element no longer protrudes into the formwork space in the demolding position.

[0080] By moving the auxiliary formwork element behind the formwork surface, it is ensured that during “lateral removal” enough space is created to remove the additional formwork element after the filler has hardened.

[0081] As mentioned above, the formwork element advantageously has a receiving space from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position, in particular extended or pushed out, and / or into which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position in the opposite direction, in particular retracted or retracted. In this sense, the demolding position corresponds to the starting position from which the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the formwork position or the end position when moving in the opposite direction.

[0082] In the defined flush position, in which the auxiliary formwork element is arranged flush with the formwork surface, the connecting surface preferably closes a recess in the formwork surface, which is caused by the provision of the receiving space in the formwork element. This creates a continuous, preferably flat, formwork surface, especially when the connecting surface and formwork surface are aligned parallel to each other.

[0083] This continuous, flat formwork surface is particularly useful for the construction of very long walls or ceilings that must be constructed in multiple sections: When filling the adjacent formwork section, the affected formwork element, whose auxiliary formwork element previously served to define the second side of the formwork space, now functions as a conventional formwork element. As such, it is advantageous if the entire side of the formwork element facing the formwork section is flat and as smooth as possible with the auxiliary formwork element moved into the demolding position. This is precisely what is ensured by the possibility of flush termination of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.In other words, the connecting surface of the auxiliary formwork element, when it is flush with and parallel to the formwork surface and the auxiliary formwork element is moved into the demolding position, forms a section of the formwork surface of the adjacent formwork space.

[0084] Furthermore, the arrangement of the auxiliary formwork element also results in a particularly advantageous shape in which the formwork element and auxiliary formwork element can be transported in a particularly space-saving manner, since the formwork element according to the invention with the movable auxiliary formwork element is essentially plate-shaped in the demoulding position. For this reason, the demoulding position can also be referred to as the transport position. In this transport position, a large number of formwork elements and the auxiliary formwork elements arranged thereon can be transported in a stacked manner.

[0085] In a further embodiment of the invention, the formwork surface of the formwork element has a width and a height and the auxiliary formwork element extends over the entire width or height.

[0086] When the formwork element is used for the formwork of a wall or wall section, it is usually oriented so that its main extensions are aligned in the longitudinal and vertical directions. Accordingly, the relevant dimension for the second side of the formwork space in this case is usually the height.

[0087] When the formwork element is used for the formwork of a slab or a slab section, it is usually oriented so that its main extensions are aligned lengthwise and widthwise. Accordingly, the relevant dimension for the second side of the formwork space in this case is usually the width.

[0088] Width and height are preferably up to 15 meters, although smaller or larger dimensions are not excluded.

[0089] The fact that the auxiliary formwork element extends over the entire width or height offers the advantage that the end faces of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, i.e. the ends of the aforementioned elements in the direction of the width or height, are flush with each other.

[0090] This means that, for example, in the case of a wall or wall section to be constructed, the formwork space can be limited upwards directly from its base area by the auxiliary formwork element, without the need for further elements in the vertical direction in addition to the movable auxiliary formwork element.

[0091] Likewise, in the case of a ceiling or ceiling section to be constructed, a tight closure of the auxiliary formwork element can be created with a formwork or auxiliary element that delimits the third or fourth side of the formwork space.

[0092] Furthermore, the corresponding design increases the flexibility for the application, since several formwork elements with movable auxiliary formwork elements can be arranged next to each other in the width direction or one above the other in the height direction and it is ensured that the corresponding auxiliary formwork elements merge into each other so that the partial limitation of the second side of the formwork space can be as continuous as possible.

[0093] In a further embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary formwork element is beam-shaped.

[0094] The beam-shaped design of the auxiliary formwork element enables particularly simple and cost-effective production, while also allowing for the mobility of the auxiliary formwork element in and against the direction of movement. In particular, this also makes it particularly easy to create the geometry of the receiving space for the auxiliary formwork element within the formwork element.

[0095] A beam is understood to be an elongated body with a rectangular cross-section, seen transversely to its longitudinal direction.

[0096] For example, the beam can also be curved, particularly rounded, in its longitudinal direction, which allows a curved auxiliary formwork surface to be achieved if the longitudinal direction follows a curved curve, such as a circular arc, at least in sections. Such a curved auxiliary formwork surface is necessary, for example, if the wall or ceiling to be constructed is to have curves or be subject to some other special shape.

[0097] The beam is preferably prism-shaped, particularly preferably cuboid-shaped, although other shapes are not excluded.

[0098] A further embodiment of the invention provides that at least two, preferably plate-shaped, fastening elements are provided for connecting a front support element for supporting the at least one additional formwork element on the side of the formwork element having the formwork surface, wherein the fastening elements are detachably fastened to a support structure of the formwork element.

[0099] Particularly when the formwork element is used in a formwork system in which an additional formwork element is required to define sections of the formwork space for the construction of a wall, it is necessary to support the additional formwork element on the side facing away from the formwork space. This is because, when the formwork space is filled with fill material, the pressure exerted by the fill material on the additional formwork element must be diverted to prevent the additional formwork element from failing. For this purpose, end support elements, such as conventional multi-purpose ledgers, are generally used. These are arranged transversely to the end face and fixed to the two conventional formwork elements defining the end face, for example, using standard end anchors.

[0100] However, as already discussed in detail, one advantage of the present invention is that the formwork can be further constructed adjacent to the formwork elements according to the invention while the filler material hardens in the formwork space or in the remaining formwork volume. However, if the formwork element according to the invention is adjoined to each side by another conventional formwork element, the conventional fastening of the end support element is no longer possible.

[0101] By providing at least two fastening elements, the fastening elements form anchor points for the respective end support elements, also called cross support elements, so that the end support elements can be connected and fixed to the fastening elements. The fastening elements protrude from the formwork surface, i.e., they are arranged on the same side of the formwork element as the auxiliary formwork element.

[0102] The fastening elements are detachably attached to a support structure of the formwork element, allowing them to be easily assembled as required by the intended use and disassembled to remove the additional formwork element after curing. For example, this can be achieved by providing the support structure with openings at defined locations through which threaded rods are guided. These threaded rods are connected on the "inside" of the formwork element to a fastening element, in particular a plate-shaped base body of the fastening element or a threaded sleeve attached to the plate-shaped base body, and are fastened on the "outside" of the formwork element, for example, with an anchor nut.

[0103] Preferably, each fastening element has at least one, preferably at least two, in particular exactly two, first fastening openings which serve to receive, for example, bolts or screws and preferably correspond to second fastening openings of the forehead support elements.

[0104] The support structure of the formwork element usually comprises a frame and one or more struts, whereby the support structure is usually made of metal, in particular steel.

[0105] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the at least two, preferably at least three, fastening elements are spaced apart from one another in a spacing direction that is parallel to a main extension direction of the auxiliary formwork element. This spacing achieves a more even load distribution and enables redundant securing of the additional formwork element. The spacing direction generally corresponds to the vertical direction of the wall. Preferably, the fastening elements form an upper and a lower anchor point as well as one or more intermediate anchor points for the end support elements. In particular, the intermediate anchor points are distributed between the upper and lower anchor points.

[0106] A further embodiment of the invention provides that the formwork surface is divided into two areas by the auxiliary formwork element, at least in the formwork position, whereby the two areas of the formwork surface are intended to define different formwork spaces. This division of the formwork surface into two allows one area of the formwork surface, which in the formwork position is defined by the auxiliary formwork surface of the auxiliary formwork element, to serve to define the "current" formwork space to be filled. The other area, in this case, is on the side of the auxiliary formwork element opposite the formwork space to be filled.When the auxiliary formwork element is "retracted", i.e. moved into the demoulding position after the filling and curing process, the second area of the formwork surface can be used to delimit the additional formwork space adjacent to the front face of the previously constructed wall.

[0107] This division makes it possible, in particular, for the formwork element according to the invention to be used flexibly and to be optimally combined with conventional formwork elements, since both areas of the formwork surface can be used alternately.

[0108] In a further embodiment of the invention, means are provided for moving the auxiliary formwork element, for example a preferably mechanical movement unit, from the demoulding position to the formwork position and vice versa, wherein the means preferably comprise at least one spindle drive.

[0109] The aforementioned means for moving the auxiliary formwork element facilitate and advantageously also guide the movement of the auxiliary formwork element. A spindle drive design is particularly suitable for this purpose, although other embodiments of these means for moving the auxiliary formwork element are not excluded. It is also conceivable for the means for moving the auxiliary formwork element to be operable by means of a tool, such as a square or hexagon wrench.

[0110] Preferably, the means are arranged so that they can be operated or actuated from a side of the formwork element facing away from the formwork space. In the case of a spindle drive, this means that the spindle drive, which can be actuated, for example, using a conventional hexagon socket, is located on the aforementioned side of the formwork element, so that it can be easily actuated "from the outside" by the user.

[0111] As an alternative to the spindle drive, for example, the provision of wedges on the end faces of the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, which can be driven into the gap between the formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element, can also be provided as a means for moving the auxiliary formwork element.

[0112] A clamping mechanism, for example with a clamped bolt as a means for moving the auxiliary formwork element, would also be conceivable, wherein the auxiliary formwork element is first displaced in the direction of movement by means of the bolts and subsequently fixed in the formwork position by the clamping, is conceivable as a means for moving the auxiliary formwork element.

[0113] Alternatively, hydraulic and / or pneumatically actuated cylinders can also be used as a means for moving the auxiliary formwork element.

[0114] According to the invention, a formwork system is also provided for delimiting a formwork space, in particular a formwork space which is part of a formwork section, along at least two sides, comprising a first formwork element as described above, the first formwork surface of which delimits the first side of the formwork space, wherein the first auxiliary formwork element is movable into a formwork position in which the first auxiliary formwork surface of which partially delimits the second side of the formwork space, an additional formwork element which also partially delimits the second side of the formwork space, wherein the first connection surface of the first auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position either directly rests on the additional formwork element or indirectly rests on it with the interposition of a first group of reinforcing bars, and wherein the first auxiliary formwork element is movable into a stripping position,in which the first connection surface is spaced from the additional formwork element.,

[0115] The formwork system according to the invention is used in particular for the production of ceilings, although it can also be used for the production of walls on one of the two long sides.

[0116] In the case of formwork for a slab, the formwork space is bounded on its first side, which is the base area of the formwork space, and on at least one second side, namely one of the lateral surfaces. The first side of the formwork space is at least partially bounded by the first formwork element or its first formwork surface, and the second side is at least partially bounded by the first auxiliary formwork element or its auxiliary formwork surface and the additional formwork element or the additional formwork surface encompassed by this additional formwork element.

[0117] The other lateral surfaces of the formwork space, or if the formwork space is part of a formwork section, of the formwork section, can be limited, for example, by walls, already completed ceiling sections, by conventional formwork elements, by formwork elements according to the invention or a selection of various of the aforementioned variants.

[0118] The additional formwork surface of the additional formwork element is also referred to as the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space.

[0119] The additional formwork element can be made of wood, plastic or metal, in particular coated steel or aluminum.

[0120] Furthermore, the additional formwork element can also be constructed in multiple parts, for example, two, three, or four parts, whereby different parts can be made of the same or different materials. For example, a center part, preferably one or two parts, of the additional formwork element can be made of metal, especially aluminum, and two edge parts can be made of wood.

[0121] Because the additional formwork element rests directly or indirectly on the auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position, a tight connection between the auxiliary formwork element and the formwork element is achieved, thus preventing filler material from escaping from the formwork space between the additional formwork element and the auxiliary formwork element.

[0122] The fact that the auxiliary formwork element can be moved from the formwork position to the demolding position, usually in the opposite direction of movement, facilitates the removal of the additional formwork element, or even makes it possible in the first place. This is because the spacing of the connecting surface and the surface of the additional formwork element opposite the connecting surface creates sufficient clearance between the aforementioned elements to manipulate the additional formwork element. This is the "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element mentioned above to make the additional formwork element accessible.

[0123] In this context, direct contact means that the elements mentioned are in direct contact. This contact can also be established only in sections; for example, there may be areas where one or more other elements contact both the connecting surface and the additional formwork element. In particular, as discussed later, grooves can be provided in the additional formwork element to allow the reinforcing bars to pass through, even though the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element are in direct contact with each other.

[0124] Indirect contact means that at least one additional element can be arranged between the indirectly adjacent elements, but this element contacts at least one of the adjacent elements. In particular, these elements are the reinforcing bars of the first group of reinforcing bars themselves; however, another element, in particular one or more stop-end brackets, can also be provided between the reinforcing bars and the connecting surface and / or between the reinforcing bars and the additional formwork element.

[0125] Reinforcing bars are usually made of metal, preferably steel, and serve to increase the strength of the wall or ceiling to be constructed as a composite material, particularly in the form of the commonly known reinforced concrete.

[0126] However, reinforcing bars only achieve their intended effect if they extend over the entire length of the wall or ceiling - especially in the case of a wall or ceiling constructed in sections - and thus the reinforcing bars of one formwork section must be connected to those of the next formwork section, in particular in a material-to-material manner, preferably by welding.

[0127] However, the requirement for continuous reinforcement bars brings with it the technical problem that these reinforcement bars must also be guided through the elements that delimit the front side or the second side of the formwork space, since, as mentioned at the beginning, walls and ceilings, or entire structures, cannot usually be constructed all at once using a single formwork, but rather with the help of several formwork sections.

[0128] In this context, the embodiment of the invention overcomes a further disadvantage of the prior art, which previously required the openings in the formwork elements created by the penetrations for the reinforcing bars to be sealed with, for example, construction foam to prevent filler from escaping from the formwork space. This construction foam had to be removed before the next formwork section could be filled in the next work step.

[0129] Since the combination of auxiliary formwork elements and additional formwork element already prevents the leakage of filler despite the reinforcement bars being inserted, sealing with construction foam and its adverse consequences is no longer necessary, which results in further time savings.

[0130] Furthermore, work can begin on the reinforcement for the next formwork section as soon as the auxiliary formwork elements have been moved into the formwork position. This eliminates the need to wait for the filler to harden before removing the formwork element, as was the case with the prior art. Instead, the work step of preparing the reinforcement for the adjacent formwork section can begin as soon as the auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element have been moved into the formwork position. Since, as explained at the beginning, the auxiliary formwork element can be moved into the demolding position during the "lateral removal" process, the additional formwork element resting against the auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position is now accessible in the demolding position and can be removed without first having to remove the formwork element.In this sense, a significant time saving can be achieved under operational conditions, since while the already filled formwork space or formwork section is curing, the formwork of the adjacent formwork section can already be set and the reinforcement prepared.

[0131] Express reference is also made to the time savings already discussed in detail in connection with the formwork element due to the possibility now created to remove the formwork from the front face of the formwork space before the end of the statutory curing time, which is of course also achieved by the formwork system.

[0132] In principle, it is also possible to use the formwork system according to the invention for the formwork of a wall, for example, if an additional conventional formwork element is provided adjacent to the additional formwork element and delimits a third side of the formwork space, in which case the first, second, and third sides of the formwork space form part of the outer surface. It is also conceivable that a conventional, immovable auxiliary formwork element is arranged between the additional formwork element and the additional, conventional formwork element, for example, to allow the reinforcing bars to pass through.

[0133] In a further embodiment of the formwork system, a second formwork element as described above is provided opposite the first formwork element, wherein the second formwork surface of the second formwork element delimits the formwork space along a third side and the second auxiliary formwork element is movable into the formwork position in which the second auxiliary formwork surface of the second auxiliary formwork element partially delimits the second side of the formwork space, wherein the second connection surface of the second auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position either directly abuts the additional formwork element or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a second group of reinforcing bars, and wherein the second auxiliary formwork element is movable into a stripping position in which the second connection surface is spaced from the additional formwork element.

[0134] This embodiment is preferably used in the construction of walls, wherein two formwork elements according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork elements are used. In other words, the first formwork surface of the first formwork element delimits the first side (first long side) of the formwork space. The second formwork surface of the second formwork element delimits the third side (second long side) of the formwork space opposite the first side. The delimitation of the end face lying between the two long sides, i.e. the second side, is effected in the formwork position in sections by the first auxiliary formwork element, the additional formwork element and the second auxiliary formwork element, wherein in principle it is also conceivable for further elements partially delimiting the second side to be arranged between them.

[0135] It should be noted that the direction of movement of the first auxiliary element and the direction of movement due to the opposing first and second formwork surfaces are oriented opposite to each other. Accordingly, the auxiliary formwork elements, in particular their connecting surfaces, move toward each other during movement, in particular from the demolding position to the formwork position, preferably during extension or extension, preferably until they directly or indirectly rest against the additional formwork element. During movement from the formwork position to the demolding position, preferably during retraction or retraction, the auxiliary formwork elements, in particular their connecting surfaces, move away from each other.

[0136] In connection with the direct and indirect installation of the second connecting surface and additional formwork element, reference is made to the previous explanations regarding the analogous situation of the first connecting surface of the first formwork element with movable auxiliary formwork element.

[0137] The advantage of this design variant is that the removal of the additional formwork element arranged between the formwork elements can be carried out particularly easily, since both auxiliary formwork elements can be moved into the demoulding position during the “lateral removal” so that the additional formwork element is accessible from both sides and can be removed particularly easily.

[0138] In a further embodiment of the formwork system, the first auxiliary formwork surface of the first auxiliary formwork element, the second auxiliary formwork surface of the second auxiliary formwork element and the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space together completely delimit the second side of the formwork space.

[0139] If the first and second auxiliary formwork surfaces, together with the side of the additional formwork element facing the formwork space, i.e., the additional formwork surface, completely define the second side of the additional formwork element, no additional elements are required to define the formwork space between the two formwork elements. This enables a particularly simple assembly of the formwork system and reduces the number of handling steps required during use.

[0140] Due to the high shear pressure expected from the filler, especially with high walls, holding devices are preferably provided on the side of the filling opening of the formwork element across or through the formwork space to dissipate this force. These holding devices prevent the first and second formwork elements from being forced apart by the pressure of the filler. Advantageously, two formwork elements according to the invention are therefore also designed with movable auxiliary formwork elements so that they can be fixed to one another by means of holding devices, or are optionally already provided as a common unit.

[0141] A further embodiment of the invention provides that the formwork system further comprises at least two, preferably plate-shaped, fastening elements and at least two end support elements assigned to the fastening elements, wherein the fastening elements are detachably fastened to the first formwork element on the side of the first auxiliary formwork element facing away from the formwork space, wherein the end support elements are arranged running between the first formwork element and the second formwork element, wherein the end support elements are each connected at the end to one of the fastening elements and wherein the end support elements are designed for the direct or indirect support of the additional formwork element.

[0142] With regard to the basic functioning and interaction of the fastening elements and the forehead support elements, in particular with regard to the advantage of the detachable connection, the advantageous spacing of the fastening elements in the vertical direction and the advantageous structure of the fastening element, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0143] In the present configuration of the formwork system, the formwork space of the wall to be constructed is delimited by the formwork surfaces of the two formwork elements, the auxiliary formwork surfaces of the auxiliary formwork elements moved into the formwork position, and the surface of the preferably two-part additional formwork element facing the formwork space. In order to support the additional formwork element, which cannot be directly connected to the other components due to the interposition of the reinforcing bars or reinforcement grid, the fastening elements are arranged on the side of the auxiliary formwork element facing away from the formwork space. The fastening elements extend, on the one hand, from the formwork surface of the first formwork element in sections toward the formwork surface of the second formwork element, and, on the other hand, from the auxiliary formwork element in sections.

[0144] The fastening elements serve as anchor or attachment points for the associated end support elements, which run at least partially between the two formwork elements. In other words, the end support elements extend transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to the formwork surfaces of the two formwork elements. Thus, the end support elements run "behind" the additional formwork element and can support it.

[0145] Considering a front support element and an associated fastening element, one end section of the front support element is connected to the fastening element, preferably in a form-fitting manner, such as by a bolt or screw, i.e., releasably attached to it. Particularly when a further formwork element is attached to the first formwork element to take advantage of the "continued construction" of the formwork, the fastening element provides a stable and reliable connection and support of the front support element to the formwork.

[0146] For example, a forehead support element may have a series of second fastening openings which can be brought together with at least one first fastening opening of the corresponding fastening element such that the forehead support element can be fastened to the fastening element by one or more bolts or screws.

[0147] Direct support means that the fastening elements are in direct contact with the additional formwork element and directly support it. For this purpose, the fastening elements can have an additional support section to increase the contact and support area.

[0148] In order to fasten the end support elements to both formwork elements, i.e. also on the side opposite the fastening elements, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the end support elements are each fixed to the second formwork element. In this case, it is conceivable that the end support elements are connected by means of fastening elements attached to the second formwork element, similar to the opposite side, or it is conceivable that the end support elements protrude beyond the second formwork element on the end side and are fixed to the formwork element by means of conventional fastening elements, such as end anchors. The second variant in particular enables the use of standard construction elements for the end support elements, such as multi-purpose bars, so that they can be used for a variety of wall thicknesses.

[0149] According to a further design variant, an additional support element is arranged between each end support element and the additional formwork element in order to indirectly support the corresponding additional formwork element on the respective end support element. This design variant enables a particularly simple structural design of the end support elements: Since the additional support elements, for example wooden or plastic blocks, are arranged between the end support elements and the additional formwork element, deviations and tolerances can be easily compensated for by adjusting the additional support elements. This also simplifies application, as the alignment and positioning of the fastening elements and the end support elements is not as critical as with direct support.

[0150] A further embodiment of the invention provides that the formwork system comprises at least three further formwork elements, with two further formwork elements adjoining the first formwork element to continue the first formwork surface, and one further formwork element adjoining the second formwork element to continue the second formwork surface. This configuration of the formwork system describes the preferred state of use: the first formwork element is located between two further formwork elements, each of which continues the formwork surface, thus the formwork is "closed" on this side. On the opposite side, the formwork element opposite the first formwork element is connected to another formwork element on only one side, namely on the side where the formwork space is limited.On the side opposite the formwork chamber, the formwork is "open," allowing access to the reinforcing bars and the back of the additional formwork element. On the "closed side," the formwork can be easily expanded by adding additional formwork elements while the fill material in the currently formed formwork chamber hardens.

[0151] On the “closed” side of the formwork, the fastening elements are used to connect the end support elements, while on the “open” side a simple connection to the second formwork element is possible, for example by means of a conventional end anchor.

[0152] In a further embodiment of the formwork system, the additional formwork element is formed in two parts and a joint tape is preferably arranged between the two parts.

[0153] This design variant allows a joint tape to be positioned in the area between the groups of reinforcement bars, which further improves the properties of the wall or ceiling to be constructed.

[0154] Since the joint tape subsequently comes into contact with liquid filler in each of the two adjacent formwork sections into which it projects, the penetration of, for example, water into the structure to be constructed is prevented overall by the common end face of the two adjacent formwork sections.

[0155] It is also ensured that the joint tape runs completely straight between the two parts of the additional formwork element if the parting plane of the additional formwork element runs parallel to the formwork surfaces. As a result, the joint tape runs parallel to the first and second formwork surfaces, and preferably parallel to the connecting surfaces.

[0156] Since the joint tape runs between the two parts of a two-part additional formwork element, the joint tape also divides the additional formwork surface into two, preferably equal-sized, parts.

[0157] In a further embodiment of the formwork system, at least one stop-end angle, preferably made of metal, is provided, one leg of which has at least one groove in which the first group of reinforcing bars is received and the other leg of which is arranged either between the first group of reinforcing bars and the first auxiliary formwork element or between the first group of reinforcing bars and the additional formwork element or between the two parts of the additional formwork element.

[0158] The stop-end angle has the advantage that it closes, preferably completely, the openings created by the reinforcement bars between the auxiliary formwork elements and the additional formwork element.

[0159] This prevents filler from escaping from the formwork space without having to clean the openings after the filler has hardened, for example from construction foam that seals the openings.

[0160] The formwork angle itself can be easily removed after the filler has hardened due to the small thickness of its legs.

[0161] Furthermore, with a corresponding equidistant arrangement of a large number of grooves, it can be achieved that the reinforcing bars have a constant parallel distance from one another, which allows a particularly uniform mechanical stabilization of the wall or ceiling to be constructed.

[0162] A further advantage is that the connecting surface and the indirectly adjacent surface of the additional formwork element can both be designed essentially parallel to the formwork surface. This allows, in particular, that the additional formwork element can be removed after the "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork elements along a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement, further minimizing the handling effort during use.

[0163] Of course, for the same reasons, for the previously described formwork system with two formwork elements, each with movable auxiliary formwork elements, which formwork system has two groups of reinforcing bars, at least one stop angle can also be provided for the second group of reinforcing bars in an analogous manner.

[0164] In a further embodiment of the formwork system, the additional formwork element has at least one first groove in which the first group of reinforcing bars is received, and / or at least one second groove in which the second group of reinforcing bars is arranged.

[0165] This design also makes it possible to close the openings created by the reinforcement bars between the temporary formwork elements and the additional formwork element. It is advantageous if the section of the additional formwork element with the grooves is made of wood.

[0166] A multi-part design of the additional formwork element is particularly advantageous, wherein the edge section having the first grooves and / or a central section and / or an edge section having the second grooves are designed as separate parts of the additional formwork element.

[0167] As already mentioned in connection with the formwork angles, it is advantageous if the transition surfaces between the parts of the additional formwork element are formed essentially parallel to the formwork surface(s).

[0168] This also prevents filler from escaping from the formwork space.

[0169] Furthermore, an equidistant arrangement of the aforementioned grooves achieves the advantage of particularly uniform mechanical stabilization of the wall or ceiling to be constructed.

[0170] In order to achieve at least one of the initially mentioned tasks for the production of a wall or ceiling with two layers of reinforcing bars, a method for formwork of a formwork space, in particular a formwork space which is part of a formwork section, comprising the following method steps can be provided: A) providing a first formwork element with a first formwork surface to delimit a first side of the formwork space, B) placing a first auxiliary formwork element for partially delimiting a second side of the formwork space, wherein the placing of the first auxiliary formwork element is carried out starting from the first formwork surface of the first formwork element and along a direction which includes a normal vector to the first formwork surface C) positioning a first group of reinforcement bars in the formwork space, where the order of process steps B) and C) can be interchanged, D) providing an additional formwork element for partially defining the second side of the formwork space, wherein the first group of reinforcing bars is arranged between the first auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element, E) positioning a second group of reinforcement bars in the formwork space, F) providing a second auxiliary formwork element for partially defining the second side of the formwork space, wherein the second group of reinforcing bars is arranged between the additional formwork element and the second auxiliary formwork element, wherein the first and second auxiliary formwork elements as well as the additional formwork element define, preferably completely define, the second side of the formwork space.

[0171] Setting the formwork element means moving the first formwork element into its intended position, in which its (first) formwork surface defines the first side of the formwork space. Typically, additional elements, such as supports, are also required to keep the formwork element stationary and stable at the installation site.

[0172] The positioning of the first auxiliary formwork element to partially define the second side of the formwork space, i.e., the front side, occurs in the direction of movement, i.e., the direction that includes a normal vector to the first formwork surface. The normal vector to the first formwork surface is the one of the two possible surface normal vectors to the formwork surface that points toward the formwork space. In other words, the first auxiliary formwork element is moved "away from the formwork surface" to bring it into the formwork position.

[0173] Particularly preferably, the direction of movement, as explained in detail in connection with the formwork element according to the invention with a movable auxiliary formwork element and the formwork system, corresponds to the direction of the normal vector, so that the first auxiliary formwork element is moved normal to the first formwork surface.

[0174] In principle, this movement can also be achieved using conventional or only slightly modified formwork elements and auxiliary formwork elements, for example, wedge solutions. However, it is particularly preferred if the first formwork element used in the method is a formwork element according to the invention with a movable, in particular retractable and extendable, or retractable and extendable, auxiliary formwork element.

[0175] The step of positioning the first group of reinforcing bars ensures that the first group of reinforcing bars run essentially parallel to the first side and, if applicable, to the third side of the formwork space opposite the first side and connect to the first auxiliary formwork element.

[0176] It depends on the specific sequence in the preparation of a formwork or its reinforcement whether the reinforcement, in particular the first reinforcing bars, is positioned first and then the auxiliary formwork element is placed or vice versa.

[0177] By placing the additional formwork element, which rests either directly or indirectly on the connecting surface of the first auxiliary formwork element, the second side of the formwork space is further limited on the one hand, and on the other hand the passage of the first group of reinforcement bars is made possible.

[0178] The additional formwork element can also be designed in two or more parts, whereby in the case of the combination of the additional formwork element with a joint tape it can be achieved that the joint tape runs at a constant distance from the first and second group of reinforcing bars, preferably in a central plane of the wall or ceiling to be constructed.

[0179] The step of positioning the second group of reinforcement bars is carried out analogously to the previously described positioning of the first group of reinforcement bars.

[0180] By placing the second auxiliary formwork element, which can also be a conventional auxiliary formwork element, particularly when constructing a ceiling, the front side of the formwork space is further limited, preferably completely.

[0181] The interaction of the second auxiliary formwork element, preferably its second connecting surface, and the additional formwork element, in particular with regard to the implementation of the second group of reinforcing bars, follows the same considerations as previously described in connection with the first auxiliary formwork element and the additional formwork element.

[0182] If the method described above is used to produce a ceiling, the sequence of the process steps advantageously corresponds to the specified sequence of steps A to F, since the layers are positioned one above the other in the height direction.

[0183] However, if the previously described method is used to construct a wall, the process steps can also be performed in a different order. For example, it is conceivable that some of the placement occurs "from the inside out," meaning that the additional formwork element and the two groups of reinforcement bars are positioned first, followed by the temporary formwork elements and the formwork element(s). In particular, the first temporary formwork element can be moved even after the first formwork element has already been placed.

[0184] The preferably complete limitation of the formwork space by the auxiliary formwork elements and the additional formwork element in process step F stipulates that the limitation of the front side of the formwork space is essentially carried out by the aforementioned elements.

[0185] In a further embodiment of the method, after method step D), the first group of reinforcing bars is fixed by means of the additional formwork element and / or after method step E), the second group of reinforcing bars is fixed by means of the additional formwork element.

[0186] In order to position the first and / or second group of reinforcing bars in the formwork space or to hold them in their designated positions during the filling process, this design variant provides for the reinforcing bars to be secured by means of the additional formwork element. Thus, the additional formwork element serves primarily to guide the reinforcing bars. The reinforcing bars are secured in particular by the appropriate design of the surface of the additional formwork element facing the first or second connection surface. Particularly preferably, at least one of the aforementioned surfaces, preferably both aforementioned surfaces, has grooves for securing the reinforcing bars.

[0187] The reinforcement bars are inserted lengthwise into the grooves and rest against the groove boundary wall. The direction of the grooves, preferably perpendicular to the second side of the formwork space, also determines the position and orientation of the reinforcement bars within the formwork space.

[0188] The reinforcing bars are usually made of conventional structural steel and have an essentially circular cross-section.

[0189] The grooves usually have a square cross-section, which is particularly easy to manufacture, with the side length of this square preferably corresponding to the diameter of the reinforcing bars.

[0190] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the cross-section of the grooves is U-shaped, with the rounded shape corresponding to a semicircle whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcing bars. This achieves a particularly good seal to prevent the escape of filler from the formwork space.

[0191] In a further embodiment of the method, after process step D) the first group of reinforcing bars and / or after process step E) the second group of reinforcing bars are each fixed by means of a stop-end angle, wherein with regard to the first group of reinforcing bars, one leg of which is either - between the first group of reinforcement bars and the first temporary formwork element or - between the first group of reinforcement bars and the additional formwork element or - between two parts of the additional formwork element and concerning the second group of reinforcement bars of one leg - between the second group of reinforcing bars and the second temporary formwork element or - between the second group of reinforcement bars and the additional formwork element or - is arranged between two parts of the additional formwork element.

[0192] As previously discussed in connection with the formwork system according to the invention, the stop-end bracket(s) serve as a guide for the reinforcement bars and facilitate the sealing of the formwork space. It goes without saying that the stop-end bracket can also be designed in multiple parts for each group of reinforcement bars.

[0193] This advantageous sealing effect of the stop-end angle is achieved primarily by the second, other leg through which the reinforcement bars are guided and which accordingly preferably extends parallel to the second side of the formwork space.

[0194] To enable the stopform angle to secure the reinforcing bars, one leg is provided for fastening the stopform angle relative to the other elements defining the second side. One leg can be arranged in the following three positions: Either one leg of the stopform angle for the first group of reinforcing bars is arranged between the first auxiliary formwork element, in particular its first connecting surface, and the first group of reinforcing bars itself, or between the corresponding side of the additional formwork element, preferably facing the first connecting surface, and the first group of reinforcing bars itself. Preferably, one leg of the stopform angle is then held and / or clamped between the first auxiliary formwork element, reinforcing bars, and additional formwork element due to the interaction of the elements in the formwork position.

[0195] Alternatively, in the case of a multi-part additional formwork element, one leg can also be positioned between two parts of the additional formwork element and preferably held and / or clamped between these parts.

[0196] The same applies analogously to the stop end angle for the second group of reinforcement bars and the second auxiliary formwork element or additional formwork element.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment of the stop-end bracket, the other leg, which is not positioned between the auxiliary and additional formwork elements or between one of these elements and the first or second group of reinforcing bars, has grooves by means of which the reinforcing bars are guided and aligned. The grooves are preferably aligned perpendicular to the second side of the formwork space.

[0198] Preferably, the grooves have a square cross-section, the side length of which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcing bars.

[0199] Particularly preferably, the grooves in one leg of the formwork angle have a U-shaped cross-section.

[0200] In a further embodiment of the method, prior to method step F), a second formwork element with a second formwork surface is placed opposite the first formwork element to delimit a third side of the formwork space, and the second auxiliary formwork element is placed starting from the second formwork surface of the second formwork element and along a direction which includes a normal vector to the second formwork surface.

[0201] As described at the beginning, it is also possible in principle to use the method for the formwork of a formwork space for the production of a wall or a wall part, in which case a formwork element, for example a conventional one, is to be provided which delimits the third side of the formwork space opposite the first side of the formwork space and which preferably rests against the second auxiliary formwork element.

[0202] However, it is advantageous if, for the production of a wall or a wall section, a formwork element according to the invention with a movable auxiliary formwork element is also used for the delimitation of the third side of the formwork space in order to enable a movement of the auxiliary formwork elements towards one another when brought into the formwork position and a movement of the auxiliary formwork elements “away from one another” when brought from the formwork position to the demolding position.

[0203] A further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that two, preferably plate-shaped, fastening elements are fastened to the first formwork element on the side of the first auxiliary formwork element facing away from the formwork space, subsequently, at least two end support elements assigned to the fastening elements are each connected to one of the fastening elements and fixed to the second formwork element in order to support the additional formwork element directly or indirectly with the interposition of an additional support element on its side facing away from the formwork space.

[0204] Regarding the basic functionality and interaction of the fastening elements and the end support elements, in particular with regard to the advantage of the detachable connection, the advantageous spacing of the fastening elements in the vertical direction, and the advantageous design of the fastening element, reference is made to the above explanations. The same applies to the use in a formwork system and the design of the formwork system, in particular with regard to the direct or indirect support of the additional formwork element and the arrangement of additional formwork elements.

[0205] Following the inventive concept already extensively explained, the advantages achieved by the "lateral removal" of the auxiliary formwork element(s) are particularly useful during the demolding or stripping of a formwork space that has already been formed and filled. Particularly preferably, the formwork space is formed according to the described method and / or one or, optionally, two formwork elements according to the invention with movable auxiliary formwork elements are used to produce the formwork.

[0206] Accordingly, a method for stripping a formwork space that is clad along a first side with a first formwork element having a first formwork surface and that is clad along a second side with an auxiliary formwork element and partially clad with an additional formwork element can also be used. It is provided that the auxiliary formwork element is stripped in the direction of the first formwork surface, which direction includes a normal vector to the formwork surface. Preferably, the movement of the auxiliary formwork element takes place in the direction of the formwork surface, normal to the formwork surface.

[0207] In other words, the proposed method achieves the stripping or exposure of the front surface of the manufactured wall or ceiling part without the need to remove the lateral formwork elements.

[0208] By moving the auxiliary formwork element away from the additional formwork element toward the formwork surface, the "lateral removal" already explained in detail above is enabled. Reference is made to the above detailed description of the advantages achieved in this way, in particular that the stripped end face of the wall or ceiling section produced in the formwork space functions as the end face of the adjacent formwork section after the formwork of the end face is removed, as well as to the various time savings compared to the state of the art.

[0209] It is preferably provided that the additional formwork element, after the movement of the auxiliary formwork element, is removed, preferably lifted, from the formwork space in a direction containing the height direction, preferably along the height direction.

[0210] If the third side is formed by a second formwork element with a movable auxiliary formwork element, whereby the auxiliary formwork element contributes accordingly to the formwork of the second side, both auxiliary formwork elements can be moved away from the additional formwork element in order to enable the stripping of the end face of the manufactured wall or floor section so that it can serve as the end face of the adjacent formwork section. Calculation example:

[0211] The statutory curing times vary between a few days and a few weeks, depending on whether it is a ceiling or a wall that is to be constructed and the type of wall (load-bearing, non-load-bearing) or ceiling.

[0212] Since this curing time, denoted by t, must be waited for for each formwork section with conventional formwork elements, formwork systems, or methods for formwork of a formwork space, the use of the formwork element, formwork system, or method for formwork of a formwork space according to the invention results in a time saving of up to (n-1)*t for a structure with n construction sections, if all formwork sections are constructed consecutively. The expression (n-1) stems from the fact that a curing time, namely that for the last filled formwork section, must always be waited for before the formwork can be removed.

[0213] For the specific example of a ceiling that is to be manufactured in five sections and for which a statutory curing time of 21 days per section applies, the theoretical maximum time saving when using a formwork element, formwork system or method according to the invention compared to the use of conventional formwork elements is up to (5-1)*21 = 84 days. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

[0214] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. The drawings are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, but in no way restrict it or represent it exhaustively.

[0215] It shows: Fig. 1 a formwork section for a wall adjacent to an existing wall according to the prior art; Fig. 2 a formwork section for a wall manufactured in several sections according to the prior art; Fig. 3 a formwork section for a ceiling according to the prior art; Fig. 4a a schematic diagram of the formwork section for a wall, Fig. 4b a schematic diagram of the formwork section for a ceiling; Fig. 5 a formwork system with formwork space and a formwork element; Fig. 6 a formwork system with formwork space and two formwork elements; Fig. 7 Formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position; Fig. 8 Formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the demoulding position; Fig. 9 a three-dimensional representation of formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the formwork position; Fig. 10 a three-dimensional representation of formwork element and auxiliary formwork element in the demoulding position; Fig. 11 the sectional view I according to Fig. 9; Fig. 12 a formwork system in the formwork position comprising a stop-end angle; Fig. 13a the sectional view IIa according to Fig. 12; Fig. 13b the sectional view IIb according to Fig. 12; Fig. 14 an intermediate product of the process for formwork of a formwork space after the first formwork elements have been placed; Fig. 15 an intermediate process product after setting a first auxiliary formwork element; Fig. 16 an intermediate process product after positioning a first group of reinforcing bars; Fig. 17 an intermediate process product after the placement of an additional formwork element and a joint tape; Fig. 18 an intermediate process product after positioning a second group of reinforcing bars; Fig. 19 the process product after setting a second formwork element and a second auxiliary formwork element; Fig. 20 a formwork space filled with filler; Fig. 21 an intermediate product in the process for demoulding a shuttered formwork space after returning the auxiliary formwork elements to the demoulding position; Fig. 22 the finished front side of a wall, with the additional formwork elements already removed; Fig. 23 the repetition of the Fig. 14 to 19 shown process steps, for a further formwork section; Fig. 24 the further formwork section filled with filler; Fig. 25 the finished front side of a wall extended by means of the further formwork section; Fig. 26 a three-dimensional representation of an outer side of an embodiment of the formwork element with three fastening elements attached thereto; Fig. 27 a three-dimensional representation of an inner side of the embodiment of the formwork element with three fastening elements attached thereto from Fig. 26; Fig. 28 a formwork system analogous to the intermediate step in Fig. 19, wherein a forehead support element is connected to a fastening element; Fig. 29 a frontal sectional view of a section of the formwork system according to the section line in Fig. 28; Fig. 30a is a plan view of a fastener; Fig. 30b a side view of the fastening element from Fig. 30a. WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0216] Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows a formwork section for constructing a wall by filling the formwork section with a filler according to the prior art on a base plate 28. Opposite the base plate 28 is the open side of the formwork section, also called the filling opening. The formwork section shown comprises a formwork space 3, which forms the front section, and, by way of example, another formwork volume 26.

[0217] The floor slab 28 can, for example, be either a foundation of a building to be constructed, also cast from filler, or a ceiling of an underlying floor of this building.

[0218] In Fig. 1, one end side of the formwork section is limited by an existing transverse wall 30.

[0219] In Fig. 2, the end side of the formwork section is limited by an end face of an existing wall part 30, which was usually produced in a previous cut by means of an adjacent formwork section.

[0220] Three conventional formwork elements 29 define three sides of the outer surface of the formwork space 3, with the base plate 28 defining the formwork space 3 downwards, i.e., on the side opposite the filling opening. The end face of the formwork section opposite the end face corresponds to the end face, also called the narrow face, of the formwork space 3.

[0221] The end section of the formwork section directly adjoining the end face, which is delimited in the longitudinal direction by the two conventional formwork elements 29 laterally delimiting the formwork space 3, thus forms, in other words, the formwork space 3.

[0222] The filling opening is essentially used to fill the formwork section with liquid filler.

[0223] A plurality of reinforcing bars 17 are arranged in the formwork section, which, after filling, together with the hardened filling material form a composite material, preferably in the form of reinforced concrete.

[0224] As shown, the reinforcing bars 17 generally also extend through the conventional formwork element 29 delimiting the front side of the formwork space 3 in order to subsequently be connected to further reinforcing bars 17 in a next formwork section.

[0225] Reinforcing bars 17 are standard products in the construction industry and, according to the relevant industry standards, have a substantially circular cross-section. A single reinforcing bar 17 is therefore essentially a cylinder.

[0226] In this context, essentially circular means that the cylindrical surface of the reinforcing bar 17 is not smooth but ribbed for improved adhesion to the concrete. This results in slight deviations from the exact circular shape with regard to the cross-section of a reinforcing bar.

[0227] Fig. 3 shows a formwork section for producing a ceiling according to the prior art.

[0228] The formwork section shown corresponds to formwork space 3, since in a length direction x and a width direction y (cf. Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b) only one further formwork element 29 is provided in each case, delimiting the outer surface of the formwork space 3.

[0229] However, the conventional formwork elements 29 for defining the formwork section for the production of a ceiling are, apart from other specific dimensions of the conventional formwork elements 29, the same as those for the production of a wall.

[0230] In the formwork section for the production of a ceiling, a conventional formwork element 29 also replaces a base plate 28.

[0231] In the case shown, the front side of the formwork space 3, as well as the end side of the formwork space 3, is delimited by a further formwork element 29.

[0232] Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b schematically illustrate the terms formwork section and formwork space 3 for a formwork section for the production of a wall ( Fig. 4a) or a blanket (4b).

[0233] The formwork section consists, for example, of a formwork space 3 and at least one further formwork space 26.

[0234] The formwork section and thus also the formwork space 3 extends in three spatial directions: a longitudinal direction X, a width direction Y and a height direction Z.

[0235] The formwork room 3 in Fig. Figure 4a is shown as an example of a formwork space that is part of a formwork section for the construction of a wall or wall section. Formwork space 3 has five defined sides: namely, a base surface and a peripheral surface, which is formed by four sides.

[0236] A first side 4 and a third side 15 opposite the first side 4 each form a longitudinal side of the formwork space, which extends essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction x and the vertical direction z, which represent the main extension directions of the wall. The thickness of the wall is measured in the width direction y.

[0237] The underside of the formwork space 3 opposite the filling opening is formed by the base area, which extends essentially parallel to the length direction x and the width direction y.

[0238] The second side 5 of the formwork space 3, located between the first side 4 and the third side 15, is also referred to as the front side and forms a narrow side of the formwork section. The second side extends essentially parallel to the width direction y and the height direction z.

[0239] A fourth side 25 of the formwork space 3 opposite the second side 5 of the formwork space 3 is indicated only for the sake of completeness, since the formwork space 3 merges directly into the further formwork volume 26 at the fourth side 25.

[0240] The formwork room 3 in Fig. Figure 4a is shown as an example of a formwork space that is part of a formwork section for the production of a ceiling or ceiling section. Formwork space 3 also has five defined sides, but their position and orientation differ from the previously described arrangement: In the present case, the first side 4 now corresponds to the base area of the formwork space 3, while the second side 5 continues to form the front side of the shell surface, which extends parallel to the width direction y and height direction z.

[0241] This is because the length direction x and the width direction y form the main extension directions of a ceiling or a ceiling part and the thickness of the ceiling is measured in the height direction z.

[0242] Just as in Fig. In Figure 4a, the fourth side 25 of the formwork space 3 opposite the second side 5 of the formwork space 3 is again indicated only for the sake of completeness.

[0243] The two remaining sides of the lateral surface of the formwork space 3 extend parallel to the length direction x and the height direction z. Formwork element and formwork system for the production of walls and ceilings

[0244] Fig. 5 shows a formwork system comprising a formwork element 1, which formwork system is arranged in the front section of a formwork section and is in a formwork position.

[0245] A formwork surface 2a of the formwork element 1 limits the first side 4 (longitudinal side) of the formwork space 3.

[0246] In Fig. 5 also shows a normal vector N which corresponds to the surface normal vector of the formwork surface 2, which points in the direction of the formwork space 3.

[0247] The formwork element 1 has a movable auxiliary formwork element 6, which, in the formwork position, partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3. More precisely, the auxiliary formwork element 6 has an auxiliary formwork surface 7, which partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0248] On the fourth side 25 opposite the second side 5, the formwork space 3 is open, the position of the fourth side 25 being predetermined by the length of the formwork element 1.

[0249] The auxiliary formwork element 6, which is movably connected to the formwork element 1, is designed to be movable in a direction containing the normal vector N; in the exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary formwork element 6 is movable in the direction of the normal vector N, as well as in the opposite direction.

[0250] In other words, in the present embodiment, the auxiliary element 6 can be pushed out or extended from a receiving space of the formwork element 1.

[0251] In the illustrated embodiment, the auxiliary formwork element 6 can be moved from a side of the formwork element 1 facing away from the formwork space 3 by actuating a means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6, for example a mechanical movement unit, into the Fig. 5 shown formwork position, preferably fixed.

[0252] Also shown is an additional formwork element 13 which is adjacent to the auxiliary formwork element 6 and which, with its side facing the formwork space 3, also referred to as additional formwork surface 14, also partially delimits the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0253] A like in Fig. The formwork system shown in Figure 5 comprising formwork element 1, auxiliary formwork element 6a and additional formwork element 13 can, with appropriate adaptation, be used equally for the production of a wall or a ceiling, whereby the arrangement shown is typical for a ceiling.

[0254] Fig. 6 shows a formwork system for constructing a wall.

[0255] To achieve this, the formwork system comprises two formwork elements 2 with movable auxiliary formwork elements 6, with the first formwork element 1a and the first auxiliary formwork element 6a corresponding to the previously described elements. The second formwork element 1b, with its second formwork surface 2b, defines the third side 15 of the formwork space 3, while its movable second auxiliary formwork element 6b also partially defines the second side 5 of the formwork space 3.

[0256] The second auxiliary formwork element 6b can also be arranged, preferably fixed, in the formwork position shown by means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 12.

[0257] Fig. Figure 7 illustrates the formwork position of formwork element 1 for constructing a wall or ceiling. In addition to formwork element 1 and auxiliary formwork element 6, as well as the normal vector N, formwork space 3, and the means for moving auxiliary formwork element 12 for arranging, preferably for moving, auxiliary formwork element 6 into the formwork position, two additional formwork elements 9 and means 24 for connecting additional formwork elements 9 to formwork element 1 are also shown.

[0258] The additional formwork elements 9 extend the formwork section and define a further receiving volume 26. For this purpose, the additional formwork elements 9 are connected to the formwork element 1 via the means 24 for connection.

[0259] The means 24 for connecting further formwork elements 9 ensure that the further formwork elements 9 lie sufficiently tightly against one another or that the further formwork element 9 lies sufficiently tightly against the formwork element 1, so that no filler can escape from the formwork space 3.

[0260] Fig. 8 also shows the formwork system according to Fig. 7, but in a demoulding position in which the auxiliary formwork element 6 is retracted behind the formwork surface 2. In this figure, the filler in the formwork section comprising the formwork space 3 and the further formwork volume 26 has already hardened and thus forms a finished wall or ceiling part 31.

[0261] In order to clarify that the auxiliary formwork element 6 can be arranged at any position on the formwork element 1, this is shown in the Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 shown arranged in different places.

[0262] After the filler has hardened, the shape of the wall or ceiling part 31 no longer changes in this area, even if the auxiliary formwork element 6 is arranged, preferably fixed, in the demolding position.

[0263] Thus, an end face of the wall or ceiling section can serve as the end face of the adjacent formwork section.

[0264] Fig. 9 shows a three-dimensional representation of the formwork system according to Fig. 7 with the auxiliary formwork element 6 in the formwork position in which the auxiliary formwork element is extended or pushed out.

[0265] Also shown are the height 11 and the width 10 of the formwork element 1.

[0266] Fig. 9 also shows that the auxiliary formwork element 6 extends along the entire width 11 of the formwork element 1 and that the auxiliary formwork element 6 is essentially beam-shaped.

[0267] Also in Fig. 9 is a section plane I, which in Fig. 11 is explained.

[0268] Fig. 10 shows the formwork system according to Fig. 8 in three-dimensional representation, but deviating from Fig. 9 with the auxiliary formwork element 6 in the demoulding position in which the auxiliary formwork element 6 is retracted or retracted.

[0269] In Fig. 11 shows the previously mentioned section I. In addition to the Fig. 9 already described elements, a connection surface 8 is also shown, which is used to attach the additional formwork element 13 (see Fig. 5 or Fig. 6). In the present embodiment, formwork surface 2 and auxiliary formwork surface 7 are perpendicular to one another, as are auxiliary formwork surface 7 and connecting surface 8.

[0270] With regard to the area in which the auxiliary formwork element 6 and the formwork element 1 adjoin each other, Fig. 11, that no filler from the formwork space 3 between formwork element 1 and auxiliary formwork element 6 can penetrate into the cavity between auxiliary formwork element 6 and formwork element 1.

[0271] Furthermore, by connecting the auxiliary formwork element 6 to the formwork element 1, the section of the wall or ceiling to be produced receives a sharp edge in the area where the formwork surface 2 and the auxiliary formwork surface 7 meet, which edge is rectangular in the embodiment shown.

[0272] The Fig. 9 to 11 also show that the direction of movement of the movable auxiliary formwork element 6 is aligned normal to the formwork surface 2.

[0273] Fig. 12 shows an embodiment of a formwork system for the production of a wall based on the Fig. 5, wherein the additional formwork element 13 is formed in two parts. A joint tape 16 is arranged, preferably clamped, between the two parts of the additional formwork element 13.

[0274] Also shown are a first group of reinforcing bars 22 and a second group of reinforcing bars 23, although due to the top view shown, only one reinforcing bar 17 of each group is visible.

[0275] Further reinforcement bars 27 are also shown, which, in the illustrated embodiment, are arranged at right angles to the reinforcement bars 17 of the first group of reinforcement bars 22 or to the reinforcement bars 17 of the second group of reinforcement bars 23, preferably connected to them by means of binding wire or a weld seam. Thus, a continuous reinforcement grid is formed.

[0276] Also shown is a formwork angle 18, comprising one leg 19 and another leg 20.

[0277] The stop-end angle 18, in particular its other leg 20, is arranged, preferably clamped, between the second group of reinforcing bars 23 and the second connecting surface 8b of the second auxiliary formwork element 6b and the additional formwork element 13.

[0278] The individual reinforcement bars 17 of the second group of reinforcement bars 23 penetrate one leg 19 of the stop-end angle 18 in the area of grooves 21 provided in one leg 19 (see Fig. 13a,b).

[0279] The first group of reinforcing bars 22 is arranged between a first connecting surface 8a of the first auxiliary formwork element 6a and the additional formwork element 13, preferably clamped, and penetrates the additional formwork element 13 in the region of first grooves 21a (see Fig. 13a, Fig. 13b).

[0280] Furthermore, Fig. 12 two section planes IIa and IIb are shown, which are subsequently shown in the Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b will be explained.

[0281] Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b show the section planes IIa and IIb, whereby these are to be understood as schematic sketches and the size ratios of the Fig. 12 therefore does not reflect exactly.

[0282] In particular, on the left side of the two figures, which show the section through the section of the formwork system comprising the second formwork element 1b, the grooves 21 in one leg 19 of the stop-end angle 18 and the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, or the arrangement of the second group of reinforcing bars 23, or the first grooves 21a in the additional formwork element 13 and the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, or the arrangement of the first group of reinforcing bars 22, can be seen.

[0283] One leg 19 of the stop-end bracket 18 has a plurality of grooves 21. A reinforcing bar 17 is arranged in each of these grooves, which reinforcing bars 17 together form the second group of reinforcing bars 23.

[0284] The dimensions of the grooves are designed such that the width of the grooves 21 corresponds to the diameter of the respective reinforcing bar 17.

[0285] Although, due to the arrangement of the reinforcing bars 17, which have a substantially circular cross-section, small open spaces are created in the grooves 21 with a rectangular cross-section, or in the first grooves 21a with a square cross-section, which represent small openings in the formwork space 3, no or only insignificant amounts of filler can escape from the formwork space 3 due to the viscosity of the liquid filler and due to aggregates such as chippings or gravel present in the filler.

[0286] In a further embodiment (not shown), the small free areas can be counteracted by designing the grooves 21 or the first grooves 21a with a U-shaped cross section.

[0287] A second variant for inserting the reinforcement bars 17, in which no stop-end bracket 18 is provided, is shown on the right side of the figures, which show the section through the section of the formwork system comprising the first formwork element 1a. In this case, in the illustrated embodiment, the first grooves 21 are arranged in the additional formwork element 13. Advantageously, the section of the additional formwork element 13 with the grooves forms a separate part of the additional formwork element 13, which further simplifies stripping. Method for formwork of a formwork space for the production of a wall

[0288] Fig. 14 to 19 show the steps of a method for formwork of a formwork space 3.

[0289] The steps of the process preferably build on one another and each assumes that the previous process step has already been completed. Fig. In this sense, Figures 14 to 19 show a concrete embodiment of such a method, although it is not excluded that individual method steps can also be exchanged without departing from the inventive concept.

[0290] Fig. 14 shows the process stage after the first formwork element 1a has been placed, but before the first auxiliary formwork element 6a has been placed, which is still in the demolding or transport position, as well as two further formwork elements 9, which are connected to the first formwork element 1a by means 24 for connecting further formwork elements 9.

[0291] The formwork elements 1a, 9 are placed by positioning a formwork element 1a, 9 in the designated position of the formwork section. Subsequently, the next formwork element 1a, 9 is positioned, and the adjacent formwork elements 1a, 9 are connected by the means 24 for connecting formwork elements 9 before the next formwork element 1a, 9 is placed.

[0292] The formwork system is in the demoulding position when the formwork elements 1a,9 are placed.

[0293] Fig. Figure 15 shows the process stage after the first auxiliary formwork element 6a has been moved from the transport position to the formwork position, i.e., when the first auxiliary formwork element 6 has been set. In the present embodiment of the process, the auxiliary formwork element is moved by the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6, which are preferably designed as a spindle drive. Advantageously, the auxiliary formwork element is also fixed in the formwork position by the means 12 for moving it.

[0294] To move from the stage of Fig. 14 to that of Fig. To reach the first auxiliary formwork element 15, the first auxiliary formwork element 6a is moved into the formwork position by the means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 12. This is done, for example, by moving the auxiliary formwork element 6a.

[0295] Fig. 16 shows the process stage after positioning the first group 22 of reinforcing bars 17 on the first auxiliary formwork element 6a, wherein the reinforcing bars 17 rest against the connecting surface 8a of the first auxiliary formwork element 6a.

[0296] To move from the stage of Fig. 15 to that of Fig. 16, the reinforcing bars 17 of the first group 22 are arranged one after the other or simultaneously on the first auxiliary formwork element 6a and connected to one another in any desired manner, for example by binding wire or by welding to the correspondingly vertically arranged further reinforcing bars 27, so that the first group 22 of reinforcing bars 17 is formed.

[0297] Fig. 17 shows the process stage after arranging the two-part additional formwork element 13.

[0298] In addition, a joint tape 16 is arranged between the two parts of the additional formwork element 13.

[0299] To move from the stage of Fig. 16 to that of Fig. To reach the 17, the first part of the additional formwork element 13 is first positioned or fastened to the first group of reinforcing bars 22. Then, the joint tape 16 is arranged on the first part of the additional formwork element 13 and fastened to the second part of the additional formwork element 13.

[0300] It is advantageous if the previously described formwork angles 19 are also used.

[0301] Fig. 18 shows the process stage after arranging the second group 23 of reinforcing bars 17 on the additional formwork element 13.

[0302] To move from the stage of Fig. 17 to that of Fig. 18, the reinforcing bars 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23 are fastened to the second part of the additional formwork element 13 in a manner analogous to the first group of reinforcing bars 22.

[0303] Fig. 18 shows the process stage after setting the second formwork element 1b and further formwork elements 9.

[0304] In the process stage shown, the second auxiliary formwork element 6b has already been moved into the formwork position and preferably fixed therein, in particular by the associated means 12 for moving, as previously discussed.

[0305] Furthermore, the second auxiliary formwork element 6b with its second connection surface 8b also already rests on the second group 23 of reinforcing bars 17.

[0306] As in the previous figures, due to the top view of the formwork system shown, only one reinforcing bar 17 of the second group of reinforcing bars 23 is visible.

[0307] At the stage of the proceedings, which Fig. 19, the formwork space 3 is now completely closed or delimited by formwork elements 1a, 1b, auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b and the additional formwork element 13, so that the filler, preferably concrete, filled into the formwork section in the next process step can no longer escape from the formwork section, or can no longer escape to a significant extent.

[0308] To move from the stage of Fig. 18 to that of Fig. 19, the second formwork elements 1b, 9 are positioned in a manner analogous to the first formwork elements 1a, 9, and then the second auxiliary formwork element 6b is moved into the formwork position in a manner analogous to the first auxiliary formwork element 6a, in which position it contacts the second group of reinforcing bars 23 with its connecting surface 8b. In order to completely close the second side 4, i.e. the front side, of the formwork space 3, the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6a, 6b of the first and second formwork elements 6a, 6b are now further tightened in order to stabilize the formwork system and make it tight.

[0309] Fig. 20 shows the process stage after filling the formwork section containing the formwork space 3 with filler, preferably concrete.

[0310] The additional reinforcement bars 27 protrude from the filler after being filled with filler in order to subsequently form, for example, an edge reinforcement for a ceiling to be constructed on the finished wall. Process steps which are subordinate to the process for forming a formwork section - process for demoulding

[0311] Fig. 21 shows the process stage after the first process step for demoulding a formwork space 3.

[0312] In this method step, the first and second auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are moved into the demolding position and preferably fixed in this position. This facilitates, or even makes possible, the removal of the additional formwork element 13 in the next method step.

[0313] It should be noted at this point that the removal of the additional formwork element 13 does not require any movement of the first or second formwork element 1a, 1b, since the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are “removed laterally”, i.e. retracted or retracted.

[0314] Retracting the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b and removing the additional formwork element 13 does not prevent compliance with the statutory curing time of the filler, as the first and second formwork elements 1a, 1b are not moved. In fact, the end face of the manufactured wall or ceiling section 31 can be exposed as described above, even after the technical curing time has elapsed.

[0315] To move from the stage of Fig. 20 to that of Fig. To reach the formwork section 21, the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are moved back to the demolding position using the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b. Since the filler has now hardened, it can no longer escape from the formwork section or the formwork space 3.

[0316] Fig. 22 shows the process stage after removal of the additional formwork element 13, which is made in two parts.

[0317] The joint tape 16 remains in the formwork section or remains partially in the formwork space 3 and seals the wall to be constructed in the area of a transition joint created between the two formwork sections, for example against the penetration of water.

[0318] Process steps which are subordinate to the demoulding process - repetition of the process for demoulding a formwork section or a formwork space 3 to produce the next section of a wall.

[0319] Once the filler in the formwork section just filled has hardened, the previous steps can be repeated for the adjacent formwork section. It is particularly important to note that the formwork elements 1a, 1b, and 9 of the formwork section filled in the previous steps do not need to be moved in any way, so the legally required curing time, during which the formwork elements may not be moved, is not exceeded, even though work can continue on the next formwork section with the following steps.

[0320] It should also be mentioned that the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b are not arranged at the edge of the formwork elements 1a, 1b but, here, centrally, so that the respective formwork surfaces 2a, 2b of the formwork elements 1a, 1b can also be used to partially delimit the adjacent formwork section.

[0321] Fig. 23 shows the process stage after setting the next formwork section or a next formwork room 3.

[0322] The setting of the formwork of the next formwork room 3 already corresponds to the process stage according to Fig. 18, wherein the additional formwork elements 9 are directly connected to the formwork elements 1a, 1b with the retracted movable auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b. The front side of the formwork space 3 of the not yet filled adjacent formwork section is in turn partially delimited by extended auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b, analogous to the previously described section.

[0323] The next formwork section is thus already ready to be filled with filler at this stage of the process in the sense that no more filler can escape from it, since the end side is formed by the end face of the previously manufactured wall part 31.

[0324] Also clearly visible is the embodiment according to which the first and second auxiliary formwork elements 6a and 6b are flush with the first and second formwork surfaces 7a and 7b, respectively. This enables the production of a smooth wall even in the area of the formwork element according to the invention.

[0325] Fig. Figure 24 shows the process stage after filling the next process section with filler, which corresponds to the situation of Fig. 22 corresponds.

[0326] Also shown is the joint between the formwork section filled with filler and the existing wall or ceiling part 31, which is interrupted by the joint tape 16.

[0327] In this way, the joint tape prevents water, for example, from penetrating the wall.

[0328] Fig. 25 finally shows the process stage after demoulding, with the additional formwork element 13 removed again. Differences from the process of making a blanket.

[0329] The method for producing a ceiling differs only in that the placement of a second formwork element 1b and the placement of further formwork elements adjacent to it can be omitted.

[0330] The liquid level of the liquid filler then forms due to gravity at a level that borders the second auxiliary formwork surface 7b in the area of the second auxiliary formwork element 6b.

[0331] After the ceiling has hardened and the formwork has been removed, this liquid level then forms the surface of the ceiling to be constructed, which defines the structure to be constructed as a whole or can serve as a floor slab 28 for the next floor, on which a formwork section can again be placed to construct a wall of this next floor.

[0332] In the Fig. 26 and Fig. Figure 27 shows an embodiment of a formwork element 1 schematically in three dimensions. It can be seen that an outer side of the formwork element 1 opposite the formwork surface 2 is formed by a frame 32 and a plurality of struts 33. The frame 32 and the struts 33 are preferably made of metal, in particular steel, in order to give the formwork element 1 the necessary stability. The frame 32 and the struts 33 are therefore part of a support structure of the formwork element 1 or preferably form the support structure of the formwork element 1.

[0333] Also schematically visible is the “extendable” auxiliary formwork element 6 as well as the means 12 for moving the auxiliary formwork element 6, i.e. the movement unit of the formwork element 1, wherein the auxiliary formwork element 6 has a U-profile.

[0334] It can also be seen that three fastening elements 34, which in this exemplary embodiment are essentially plate-shaped, are provided, which extend away from the formwork surface 2 and each have two first fastening openings 35. These fastening elements 34 are held on the frame 32 or on the struts 33 by anchor nuts 36, wherein the anchor nuts 36 are attached to threaded rods 37 guided through openings in the formwork element 1, which engage the fastening elements 34. These fastening elements 34 serve, as will be explained below, for connecting end support elements 40 (see Fig. 28 and Fig. 29), which serve to support the additional formwork element 13.

[0335] The three fastening elements 34 are mounted vertically spaced from one another, so that one fastening element 34 is arranged in the lower third, one fastening element 34 in the middle third, and one fastening element 34 in the upper third of the formwork element 1. Of course, four or more fastening elements 34 can also be provided.

[0336] In Fig. 27 it can be clearly seen again that the formwork surface 2 is divided into two areas by the auxiliary formwork element 6.

[0337] Based on the Fig. 28 and Fig. 29, the functioning of the fastening elements 34 and their interaction with the forehead support elements 40 will now be described by way of example.

[0338] The basic structure and condition of the formwork system have already been Fig. 19, so that now only the new aspects will be discussed. This condition basically refers to the condition in which the next step is to fill the formwork space 3. However, since the two-part additional formwork element 13 cannot be attached to the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b, in addition to the Fig. In the situation shown in Figure 19, additional support is required. Typically, support is provided in several vertically offset areas to ensure optimal support for the additional formwork element 13.

[0339] Since the formwork is "closed" on the side of the first formwork element 1a, i.e., another formwork element 9 is directly attached to the formwork element 1a, the transverse support elements 40 cannot be attached, as is usual, to the end faces of the formwork elements 1a, 1b defining the formwork space 3. Additionally, several anchor groups 45 can be seen, which are attached to the outer sides of the formwork elements 1a, 1b and the other formwork elements 9 and serve to hold them together when filled.

[0340] Therefore, the previously described fastening elements 34 are provided, which are detachably attached to the first formwork element 1a. These fastening elements 34 are located on the side of the auxiliary formwork element 6a opposite the formwork space 3, i.e., on the side that is not being filled in the current work step.

[0341] Each of the fastening elements 34 serves to connect an end section of a forehead support element 40, which can be designed, for example, as a conventional multi-purpose bar. In the present embodiment, the connection is made via second fastening openings 41 provided in the forehead support element 40, which interact with the first fastening openings 35, so that a fastening bolt 44 can be guided through the two fastening openings 35, 41, which is aligned parallel to the vertical direction here.

[0342] Since the end support element 40 does not directly contact the additional formwork element 13, an additional support element 42 is provided, which is arranged between the end support element 40 and the additional formwork element 13, so that the end support element 40 indirectly supports the additional formwork element 13. A wooden or plastic block, for example, can be used as the additional support element 42.

[0343] The end support element 40 is fixed to one end face of the second formwork element 1b by means of a conventional end anchor (not shown) so that the end support element 40 can be evenly supported on both formwork elements 1a, 1b and thus, together with the other similarly mounted end support elements 40, ensure the secure hold and secure support of the additional formwork element 13.

[0344] In Fig. 29 further shows that the forehead support element 40 has a back plate and two parallel, spaced-apart retaining plates, wherein the fastening element 34, or its plate-shaped base body, is received in a receiving slot 43 formed between the retaining plates. Alternatively, the forehead support element 40 can also be designed without a back plate, in which case the two retaining plates are connected to one another by one or more stiffening elements, such as metal plates. The retaining plates and the stiffening elements are preferably welded together.

[0345] The Fig. 30a and Fig. 30b show the structure of the fastening elements 34 in detail: In the present embodiment, these consist of the plate-shaped base body, in which the two first fastening openings are formed. Furthermore, the fastening elements 34 comprise a threaded sleeve 38 for receiving a threaded rod 37, wherein the threaded sleeve is aligned parallel to the base body and perpendicular to the first fastening openings 35. Furthermore, the fastening elements 34 comprise a plate-shaped assembly aid element 39, which is aligned perpendicular to the base body and serves as a stop during assembly.

[0346] Thanks to the detachable connection, in particular the previously described connection via the threaded rods 37, which can be guided through openings provided as standard in all formwork elements 1a, 1b, the fastening plates 34 can be easily removed once the filler material has hardened, the auxiliary formwork elements 6a, 6b can be retracted, i.e., brought into the demolding position, and the additional formwork element 13 can be removed. This requires first detaching the end support element 40, which in the present embodiment is achieved by removing the end anchor on the second formwork element 1b and by removing the fastening bolts 44.

[0347] Subsequently, the threaded rod 37 can simply be turned out of the threaded sleeve 36 in order to separate the anchor nut 38 on the outside of the formwork element 1 from the fastening element 34 on the inside of the formwork element 1, so that subsequently the Fig. 20 to 25 can be carried out without having to open the formwork to remove the end support elements 40. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1 formwork element 1a First formwork element 1b Second formwork element 2 formwork area 2a first formwork surface 2b second formwork surface 3 Formwork room 4 First side of the formwork room 5 Second side of the formwork room 6 auxiliary formwork element 6a first auxiliary formwork element 6b second auxiliary formwork element 7 Auxiliary formwork area 7a first auxiliary formwork surface 7b second auxiliary formwork surface 8 Connection surface 8a first connection surface 8b second connection surface 9 additional formwork element 10 width 11 Height 12 Means for moving the auxiliary formwork element 13 Additional formwork element 14 Additional formwork area 15 Third side of the formwork room 16 joint tape 17 Reinforcing bar 18 formwork angles 19 One leg of the stop-end angle 20 Other leg of the stop-end angle 21 grooves 21a first groove 21b second groove 22 First group of reinforcing bars 23 Second group of reinforcing bars 24 Means for connecting additional formwork elements 25 Fourth side of the formwork space 26 additional formwork volumes 27 additional reinforcing bars 28 Base plate 29 Conventional formwork element 30 existing wall 31 Wall or ceiling part 32 frames 33 Bracing 34 fasteners 35 first mounting hole 36 Anchor nut 37 threaded rod 38 threaded sleeve 39 Assembly aid element 40 Forehead support element 41 second mounting hole 42 Additional support element 43 Recording slot 44 fastening bolts 45 anchor group N normal vector X First spatial direction Y Second spatial direction Z Third spatial direction

Claims

[1] Formwork element (1) with a formwork surface (2) for defining a formwork space (3) along a first side (4), characterized by that an auxiliary formwork element (6) is provided which is arranged on the formwork element (1) so as to be movable into a formwork position in a direction containing a normal vector (N) to the formwork surface (2), preferably in a direction normal to the formwork surface (2), in order to enable a partial limitation of the formwork space (3) along a second side (5). [2] Formwork element (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the auxiliary formwork element (6) has an auxiliary formwork surface (7) which, in the formwork position, borders on the formwork surface (2), preferably running at right angles to it. [3] Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized bythat the auxiliary formwork element (6) has a connecting surface (8) which is designed to bear against at least one additional formwork element (13). [4] Formwork element (1) according to claim 3, characterized by that the auxiliary formwork surface (7) and connection surface (8) border each other. [5] Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized by that the auxiliary formwork surface (7) and the connecting surface (8) are at right angles to each other. [6] Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized by that the connection surface (8) and formwork surface (2) run parallel to each other. [7] Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the auxiliary formwork element (6) is movable into a demolding position behind the formwork surface (2), but at least into a position in which the auxiliary formwork element (6) is arranged flush with the formwork surface (2). [8] Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the formwork surface (2) of the formwork element (1) has a width (10) and a height (11) and the auxiliary formwork element (6) extends over the entire width (10) or height (11). [9] Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the auxiliary formwork element (6) is beam-shaped. [10] Formwork element (1) according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized by that at least two, preferably plate-shaped, fastening elements (34) are provided for connecting a front support element (40) for supporting the at least one additional formwork element (13) on the side of the formwork element (1) having the formwork surface (2), wherein the fastening elements (34) are detachably fastened to a support structure of the formwork element (1). [11] Formwork element (1) according to claim 10, characterized bythat the at least two, preferably at least three, fastening elements (34) are spaced apart from one another in a spacing direction, which spacing direction is parallel to a main extension direction of the auxiliary formwork element (6). [12] Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the formwork surface (2) is divided into two areas by the auxiliary formwork element (6), at least in the formwork position, wherein the two areas of the formwork surface (2) are provided for the delimitation of different formwork spaces (3). [13] Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that means (12) are provided for moving the auxiliary formwork element (6) from the demolding position to the formwork position and vice versa, wherein the means (12) are preferably at least one spindle drive. [14] Formwork system for delimiting a formwork space (3) along at least two sides (4,5), characterized by , - a first formwork element (1a) according to one of claims 1 to 10, the first formwork surface (2a) of which delimits the first side (4) of the formwork space (3), wherein the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) of which is movable into a formwork position in which the first auxiliary formwork surface (7a) of which delimits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3) in part and - an additional formwork element (13) which also partially delimits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the first connection surface (8a) of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) in the formwork position either rests directly on the additional formwork element (13) or rests indirectly with the interposition of a first group of reinforcing bars (22), and wherein the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) is movable into a stripping position in which the first connection surface (8a) is spaced from the additional formwork element (13). [15] Formwork system according to claim 14, characterized by that a second formwork element (1b) according to one of claims 1 to 10 is provided opposite the first formwork element (1a), - wherein the second formwork surface (2b) thereof delimits the formwork space (3) along a third side (15) and the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) thereof is movable into the formwork position in which the second auxiliary formwork surface (7b) thereof partially delimits the second side (5) of the formwork space (3), wherein the second connection surface (8b) of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) in the formwork position either directly abuts the additional formwork element (13) or indirectly abuts it with the interposition of a second group of reinforcing bars (23), and wherein the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) is movable into a stripping position in which the second connection surface (8b) is spaced from the additional formwork element (13). [16] Formwork system according to claim 15, characterized bythat the first auxiliary formwork surface (7a) of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a), the second auxiliary formwork surface (7b) of the second auxiliary formwork element (6b) and the side of the additional formwork element (13) facing the formwork space (3) together completely delimit the second side (5) of the formwork space (3). [17] Formwork system according to one of claims 15 to 16, characterized by that the formwork system further comprises at least two, preferably plate-shaped, fastening elements (34) and at least two end support elements (40) associated with the fastening elements (34), wherein the fastening elements (34) are detachably fastened to the first formwork element (1a) on the side of the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) facing away from the formwork space (3), wherein the end support elements (40) are arranged to extend between the first formwork element (1a) and the second formwork element (1b), wherein the end support elements (40) are each connected at the end to one of the fastening elements (34) and wherein the end support elements (40) are designed for the direct or indirect support of the additional formwork element (13). [18] Formwork system according to claim 17, characterized by that the end support elements (40) are each fixed to the second formwork element (1b). [19] Formwork system according to one of claims 17 to 18, characterized by that an additional support element (42) is arranged between a respective end support element (40) and the additional formwork element (13) in order to support the corresponding additional formwork element (13) indirectly on the respective end support element (40). [20] Formwork system according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized bythat the formwork system comprises at least three further formwork elements (9), wherein two further formwork elements (9) adjoin the first formwork element (1a) in order to continue the first formwork surface (2a), and a further formwork element (9) adjoins the second formwork element (1b) in order to continue the second formwork surface (2b). [21] Formwork system according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized by that the additional formwork element (13) is formed in two parts and a joint tape (16) is preferably arranged between the two parts. [22] Formwork system according to one of claims 14 to 21, characterized by that at least one formwork angle (18), preferably made of metal, is provided, one leg (19) of which has at least one groove (21) in which the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is received and the other leg (20) of which either - between the first group of reinforcing bars (22) and the first auxiliary formwork element (6a) or - between the first group of reinforcement bars (22) and the additional formwork element (13) or - is arranged between the two parts of the additional formwork element (13). [23] Formwork system according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized by that the additional formwork element (13) has at least one first groove (21a) in which the first group of reinforcing bars (22) is received and / or at least one second groove (21b) in which the second group of reinforcing bars (23) is arranged.

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