Vertical wind turbine with integrated thermal-aerodynamic lift system, internal rotor arrangement and adaptive energy conversion

Abstract

Vertical wind turbine with a conical inlet and a cylindrical tower shaft, with horizontal rotors stacked therein, whereby an ascending airflow is generated by aerodynamic and thermal measures, which transfers mechanical energy to the rotors, which generate electrical energy via generators, and the entire system is controlled by an adjustable control unit.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a wind turbine with a vertically guided airflow, which is amplified by a combination of aerodynamic elements (e.g., a Venturi inlet, swirl guide) and thermal lift effects (e.g., solar thermal or geothermal). Horizontally arranged rotors are installed inside the tower, whose mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by an intelligent, adaptive control system. The turbine has a modular design, is scalable, and is suitable for both grid-connected and stand-alone operation. 1.0 Technical area

[0002] The invention relates to the field of renewable energy generation, in particular wind turbines. More specifically, it is a vertical-flow wind turbine that combines both aerodynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms to generate a directed airflow. This is used to drive horizontally arranged rotors inside a tower shaft. The invention also encompasses elements of fluid mechanics, thermal engineering, and intelligent system control and is particularly geared toward applications in the field of decentralized, modular, and off-grid energy supply. System overview and technical variants of the vertical wind turbine1.1 System variants variant Description Typical height Special features Mono tower Single tower with vertical air shaft and stacked rotors 40-60 m Easy maintenance, small space requirement Multi-tube structure A tower with several internal vertical flow channels on a common base 30-50 m Increased air speed, modular interior concept Cluster operation Network of several autonomous towers in coordinated operation 40-70 m Scalable, ideal for industrial areas or microgrids 1.2 Technical performance parameters (typical per module) parameter Value (typical) Rated power 30-80 kW Annual yield (conservative) 250,000-600,000 kWh Annual yield (optimized) > 1,200,000 kWh Starting speed < 0.8 m / s Overall efficiency 28-45 % Availability > 95 % Maintenance interval extended by modular design Thermal performance up to 250 MWh / a H2 production (optional) up to 9 kg / day (at 20 kW surplus) 1.3 Areas of application and additional functions Field of application Additional functions / special features Off-grid / island grids Autonomous operation, battery storage, H2 buffering industrial areas Waste heat coupling, load management, cluster control Urban integration Air filtration, mobile communications, sensors, drone platform Disaster protection Container construction, emergency power supply, district heating Agriculture / Greenhouses Heat utilization, self-sufficient irrigation, sensors 2.0 State of the art

[0003] Conventional wind turbines, particularly horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), harness kinetic wind energy to generate electricity via large, free-standing rotors. They typically require medium to high wind speeds (>3 m / s) and depend on consistent airflow conditions. These systems are often maintenance-intensive, difficult to scale, and have limited performance in variable or weak wind conditions.

[0004] An alternative technology is solar updraft power plants, which generate a thermally induced airflow using large-area collectors and a central tower shaft. Examples of these can be found in DE102004005962A1. However, these systems require high installation heights (>100 m), extensive infrastructure, and are dependent on direct solar radiation. Integration in a compact, modular form and using additional aerodynamic principles is not provided for.

[0005] Currently, no known system exists that combines aerodynamic airflow control (e.g., Venturi effect, swirl steering), thermal lift effects, and adaptive energy conversion in an integrated system concept. Likewise, there is no solution that reliably generates energy both at low wind speeds and in changing environmental conditions, while being modular, low-maintenance, and grid-independent. 3.0 Aim of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a wind turbine capable of reliably generating electrical energy even at very low wind speeds. This involves using a compact, vertically flowing tower structure that utilizes both aerodynamic and thermodynamic lift effects to enhance the airflow.

[0007] The system should in particular meet the following requirements: • Low start-up speed through fluid mechanics optimization, • Combination of aerodynamic and thermal propulsion principles to increase efficiency, • adaptive control of the rotors and air flow to adapt performance to variable environmental conditions, • modular design for scaling and easy maintenance, • Operation in grid-connected or stand-alone applications, even in remote or energy-poor regions.

[0008] The aim is to create a robust, versatile and intelligent energy unit that can be operated both in a stand-alone configuration and in a cluster network. 3.1.1 Multi-pipe structure (segmented internal channels within a single tower)

[0009] To increase airflow velocity and improve flow control, the wind turbine can be designed as a so-called multi-tube structure. This is not a combination of several separate towers, but rather an integrated unit in which several narrow, vertical flow channels (e.g., 4-12 tubes) are arranged within a common housing or base module.

[0010] Each of these internal flow channels: • is equipped with its own rotor-generator unit, • has individually controllable air duct segments, • can be operated and controlled independently or synchronously.

[0011] The segmented air flow ensures: • an increase in flow velocity due to reduced cross-section, • better control of air flow and pressure conditions, • less turbulence and more uniform flow to the rotors.

[0012] In addition, the modular internal structure allows for simplified maintenance of individual channels, e.g., during shutdown during operation, as well as targeted load distribution and efficiency optimization within the system.

[0013] Optionally, the multi-pipe structure can be supplemented by a shared thermal heat input, e.g., via a latent heat storage system in the foundation or solar thermal outer shells. 3.1.2 Cluster operation (combination of several independent wind towers)

[0014] To increase performance, enhance grid resilience, and enable modular scaling, the vertical wind turbine can be deployed in a so-called cluster operation. This involves a network of several independent wind towers, each designed as an autonomous unit with its own flow channel, rotors, generators, and control system.

[0015] The towers are: • positioned in a radial, grid or linear arrangement on a site, • energetically, thermally and control-technically coupled via a higher-level control unit, • Fully network-compatible and individually or coordinated controllable.

[0016] A cluster can consist of 6 to 30 individual towers and offers the following advantages: • Scalability of the overall performance by adding additional modules, • Redundancy and maintenance flexibility, as individual towers can be shut down or serviced without interrupting the overall function, • dynamic load distribution depending on wind conditions, temperature gradients or grid requirements, • Use of common infrastructure components such as: ◯ central heat source or heat storage (e.g. PCM or geothermal), ◯ common energy buffers (e.g. battery storage, hydrogen systems), ◯ Network and communication unit for synchronized feed-in.

[0017] Each tower in the cluster can also serve as a platform for additional functions (e.g., sensors, communication, hydrogen production) and adapt its operating strategy to the overall energy demand. 4.0 System Overview

[0018] The invention comprises a vertical wind turbine in which an airflow generated by aerodynamic and thermal effects is directed upward through a central tower shaft. The flow is specifically accelerated via a conical air inlet (Venturi effect) and set into rotation inside the shaft by spiral guide elements. Additionally, the lift can be increased by solar heating of the tower shell and by a geothermally heated foundation (chimney effect).

[0019] Several horizontally mounted rotors are stacked in the vertical shaft. These convert the energy of the rising airflow into mechanical rotation, which is then converted into electrical energy via generators. The rotors can be individually activated, deactivated, or moved out of the flow channel to maximize efficiency under changing conditions.

[0020] The entire system is modular in design, can be operated in single, group, or cluster configurations, and is fully automated by an AI-supported control unit. The combination of passive thermodynamics, active fluid mechanics, and intelligent operational management creates a hybrid energy generation system with high efficiency even under adverse environmental conditions. 5.0 Main components

[0021] The invention comprises several functionally coordinated main components, which together form a fluid-mechanically and thermodynamically optimized overall system for energy conversion: 5.1 Tower structure

[0022] The system consists of a vertical tower with a conical air inlet at the bottom and a cylindrical shaft above. This design creates a flow acceleration based on the Venturi principle. The tower is open at the top, allowing a continuous upward flow of air. Optionally, return channels can be added for air circulation and recycling. 5.2 Rotor arrangement

[0023] Inside the shaft are several horizontally arranged rotors positioned axially to the flow direction of the rising airflow. The rotors are mounted on low-friction bearings (e.g., magnetic, plain, or air bearings) and coupled to linear or rotating generators. Each rotor module is individually controllable and can be automatically deactivated or moved out of the flow channel during low flow conditions to avoid drag losses.

[0024] Optionally, a bypass channel can be activated when the rotors are deactivated to dynamically guide the air flow around the deactivated unit and thereby further minimize flow losses 5.3 Air flow and flow control

[0025] Several fluid mechanics systems are used to specifically control and amplify the rising air flow within the tower shaft: • Spiral guide ribs (swirl control): Fixed or adjustable guide ribs in the lower section of the shaft create a controlled tangential air swirl. This so-called helical diffuser structure stabilizes the flow, improves the flow to the horizontal rotors, and increases rotor torque. Expected efficiency gain: +10-15% compared to axial flow without swirl. • Adjustable air baffles: In the transition area from the conical inlet to the cylindrical shaft, controllable baffles regulate the flow velocity and back pressure in front of the rotors. This allows the flow to be adapted to varying ambient conditions. • Active boundary layer control using injectors: Pulsating piezo injectors or microfluidic valves can be installed near the inlet and along the inner wall. These generate high-frequency air pulses that specifically influence the boundary layer, prevent separation, and stabilize the vertical airflow. This technology improves efficiency in weak, unstable, or highly variable wind conditions, especially in urban or topographically disturbed environments. • Coanda vanes (optional): Curved external or internal elements along the tower wall use the Coanda effect to further attach the airflow to the structure and accelerate the vertical flow. • Automatic flow optimization: All of the above components can be dynamically controlled via the central control system. Adjustments are made based on sensor data (e.g., wind speed, air pressure, turbulence level) and external forecast data. This ensures stable airflow and continuous rotor operation even in virtually windless conditions. • To further influence the flow, controllable ventilation flaps can be installed on the outside of the tower. These allow for adaptive crosswind utilization to increase circulation or targeted pressure adjustment in changing outdoor conditions. 5.4 Thermal modules

[0026] The thermal buoyancy component of the invention is realized by a combination of passive and active heat sources and can be supplemented by feedback concepts for pressure modulation: • Shell absorber: A solar thermal active outer shell (e.g. dark colored PV or collector surface) heats the tower shell when exposed to sunlight and creates a uniform thermal convection along the vertical shaft. • Foundation module: The base of the tower can be heated geothermally. For this purpose, heat exchangers or latent heat storage systems (e.g., PCM) are integrated into the floor area to preheat the rising air and enhance the stack effect. • Humidity-controlled return flow with condensation module: For energy feedback, the used air from the upper tower outlet can be partially recirculated to the inlet area via return ducts (internal or external). This air is thermally pretreated, e.g., by reheating with solar thermal or geothermal energy. • A humidity-controlled condensation chamber can be integrated into the upper outlet area, where the air is locally cooled via evaporative cooling or passive cooling jacket structures. The targeted condensation of the water vapor creates a negative pressure that enhances the suction effect in the vertical air duct (pressure-influencing recirculation). This process also allows for passive water recovery. • Pressure modulation and feedback: Through flap control and flexible air flow, flow rate, return flow rate, and temperature level can be dynamically adjusted. This creates a controllable pressure and temperature profile in the shaft, which increases flow stability, especially in low-wind conditions. These recirculation systems not only increase airflow efficiency but also enable operation to be optimized at night, during diffused sunlight, or in fluctuating environmental conditions. 5.5 Control and sensors

[0027] The entire system is controlled by an integrated control unit that records and processes all relevant operating parameters in real time. These include: • Sensors for wind speed, temperature, pressure, CO2 content, rotor position, generator load and heat flows, • Control of rotor apertures, air flaps, generator load, heat input and storage systems, • AI-supported predictive control algorithms based on local measurement data and external weather forecasts.

[0028] The control system is network-capable (e.g. via OPC UA, MQTT) and can be integrated into smart grids, microgrids or virtual power plants. 6.0 Extended embodiments

[0029] The invention can be implemented in several extended embodiments to further increase performance, adaptability, and functional integration depending on the application. These variants complement the basic principle of the vertical wind tower and can be used individually or in combination: 6.1 Multi-pipe structure (cluster operation)

[0030] To increase performance and scalability, the system can be designed as a modular multi-pipe configuration. This involves operating several vertical flow units (e.g., 6-30 individual towers) in a radial or annular arrangement. Each of these modules has its own air inlet, rotors, and flow guidance, but is linked to a central control system. Optionally, the modules can be connected to each other via a shared thermal base or recirculation systems. This increases operational reliability, allows maintenance-free operation of individual modules, and improves efficiency through aerodynamic interaction. 6.2 Energy integration and sector coupling

[0031] The wind turbine according to the invention—whether as a single tower, multi-pipe system, or in cluster operation—is designed for versatile energy integration and cross-sector coupling. This enables flexible operation in grid-connected, hybrid, or off-grid scenarios.

[0032] The following energy paths and storage systems can be directly connected: • Electrical storage: Stationary battery systems or modular lithium / salt storage systems for peak load buffering, self-consumption optimization, and emergency power functions. • Thermal storage: Integration of latent heat storage (PCM), stratified storage, or geothermal heat exchangers to stabilize the stack effect, especially during nighttime periods or during diffuse solar radiation. A combination with solar thermal jacket absorbers is planned. • Hydrogen systems: Excess electricity can be converted into hydrogen (H2) using modular electrolysis units. The hydrogen produced is stored, reconverted to electricity or fed into external infrastructure (e.g., fuel cells, feed-in to the hydrogen grid). This enables seasonal energy storage and full sector coupling. • District heating extraction: Using integrated air / water heat exchangers, the internal waste heat of the air flow can be used to supply buildings, greenhouses or local heating networks. • Combined operation in the cluster: In cluster operation or when using multiple multi-pipe units, the above-mentioned energy storage systems and systems can: • centrally operated jointly, • intelligently controlled (e.g. predictive heat supply, H2 generation in case of excess load), • be distributed to individual towers or modules as required.

[0033] Energy integration is achieved via a higher-level AI-supported control system that takes into account real-time data, forecasts and load requirements. 6.3 Platform function for additional applications and infrastructure integration

[0034] The vertical wind turbine – whether as a single module, multi-pipe system or in a cluster structure – is designed so that it can be used as a technological platform for a wide range of additional functions and infrastructure applications beyond pure energy generation.

[0035] This multifunctional use makes the system particularly suitable for urban spaces, decentralized stations, resilient infrastructures and networked systems. 6.3.1 Communication and data infrastructure • Antenna platforms: Mounting surfaces for cellular, IoT and LoRaWAN systems (e.g. 4G / 5G, NB-IoT), either in the tower head or on external support structures. • Edge & Cloud Connection: Integration of edge computing units for local data processing as well as connection to SCADA or cloud platforms for remote monitoring, control and analysis. • Protocol support: Support for common industrial protocols (OPC UA, Modbus, MQTT) for control, data logging and network-based communication. 6.3.2 Environmental monitoring and air quality • Sensor carrier structure: Integration of sensors for CO2, particulate matter (PM2.5 / PM10), VOCs, ozone, humidity, temperature and pressure gradients - usable for smart city, environmental or climate monitoring. • CO2 capture and air filtration (optional): Use of physical or chemical filter modules (e.g. activated carbon, zeolites, amine resins) for active air purification and CO2 compensation. • Data interfaces: Export to open environmental information systems or for research evaluation. 6.3.3 Drone docking station (optional) • Landing platform with loading unit: Inductive or conductive charging systems for powering autonomous drones. • Data uplink: Automated transmission of sensor, image or mapping data to central platforms. • Area of ​​application: Maintenance flights, environmental monitoring, safety checks, logistics. 6.3.4 Multifunctional external structure • Photovoltaic integration: Active use of the outer shell as an electricity or heat generation area through PV or solar thermal modules. • Sensory active surfaces: The tower shell can also serve as a measurement or communication surface. • Lighting, safety and monitoring equipment: e.g. for illuminated infrastructure points, perimeter security or traffic monitoring. 6.4 Alternative energy converters and rotor concepts

[0036] To increase efficiency, increase system flexibility, and reduce mechanical stress, the wind turbine can be equipped with alternative or complementary energy conversion principles. These are particularly advantageous for special applications, noise-sensitive environments, or low-maintenance systems: 6.4.1 Impeller with diffusers (ducted fan principle)

[0037] Axial-rotating impellers in flow-optimized casings (diffusers) can be used as a compact alternative to exposed rotors. Combined with swirl control and the Venturi effect, they create a particularly uniform, energy-dense inflow. Advantages: higher air speed, protection against turbulence, and quieter operation. 6.4.2 Linear wave converters

[0038] Vertically moving piston, membrane, or plate systems utilize the static pressure difference in the shaft to generate linear kinetic energy, which is converted into electricity via translatory generators (e.g., linear generators). They are particularly suitable for thermally induced, pulsating buoyancy (chimney effect). 6.4.3 Oscillating transducers (e.g. Karman vortex street systems)

[0039] Vertical elements that oscillate in the airflow (e.g., rod-shaped structures) convert the vortex-induced movement into electrical energy – entirely without rotating parts. This technology is particularly low-maintenance and suitable for weak or irregular flows. 6.4.5 Morphing Blades (adaptive rotor blades)

[0040] The rotor blades can be made of shape-changing materials (e.g., piezoelectric, shape-memory alloys, or smart polymers) that adapt their geometry in real time. By changing the angle of attack, curvature, or torsion, flow, lift, and efficiency are continuously optimized—even in turbulence or wind direction changes. 6.4.6 Bionically optimized profiles

[0041] Additional performance enhancement and noise reduction can be achieved through the application of bionic structures: • Owl wing profiling for noise reduction, • Shark skin structure (riblets) to reduce friction on the blade surface, • Lotus effect surfaces for self-cleaning on outdoor modules.

[0042] These alternative concepts can be used either in addition to conventional rotors or as stand-alone main converters - especially in configurations with reduced maintenance requirements, low noise levels or increased control requirements.

[0043] Note: The following claims 2 to 57 (see separate document) are to be understood as dependent subclaims. They each relate to preferred embodiments of the invention and are optionally implementable, provided they can be technically and functionally combined with the main claim.

[0044] This definition of the scope of protection safeguards the technical uniqueness of the invention compared to known systems and forms the basis for a differentiated formulation of claims. 7.0 Protection area demarcation

[0045] To clearly define the technical teaching of this invention, the scope of protection is divided into a main claim (core concept), essential technical developments (subclaims), and optionally integrable additional elements. This structure serves to distinguish it from the prior art and emphasize the inventive contribution. 7.1 Core concept (subject matter of the main claim)

[0046] The invention comprises a vertical wind turbine with an airflow driven by aerodynamically and / or thermally generated lift, which is directed upwards through a central shaft. Horizontally arranged rotors are installed in the shaft, which are set in rotation by the flow and used for energy conversion. The airflow is specifically controlled by fluid mechanics elements such as a Venturi inlet and swirl guide, and thermal amplification is achieved, for example, by solar thermal or geothermal components. 7.2 Significant technical developments (dependent subclaims)

[0047] The following features represent inventive developments of the basic principle and are intended as protectable elements, individually or in combination: • Adaptive rotor shutdown: Individual rotors can be dynamically deactivated or moved out of the airflow to avoid drag losses in calm conditions. • Swirl induction: Spiral guide elements create a controlled rotation of the vertical air column, which stabilizes the flow to the rotors. • Thermal recirculation: Air recirculation systems with preheating or humidity-controlled condensation to enhance the stack effect. • AI-supported control: Intelligent, predictive control of all subsystems (rotors, thermal modules, generator load, air flow) based on real-time data and external forecasts. • Multi-tube structure: The wind tower is designed as a combination of several vertical flow channels within a common foundation, with the individual tubes being individually flow-guided, energetically coupled and jointly controlled to increase the air velocity and create internal redundancy. • Cluster operation: Several independently operating wind turbines are operated in a higher-level network, with a central or networked control system coordinating air flow, heat input, and energy output between the turbines. This increases scalability, redundancy, and system efficiency, especially under fluctuating environmental conditions. 7.3 Optional embodiments (not required to implement the basic principle)

[0048] The following design features enhance the functionality of the wind turbine. They are not mandatory for operation, but can be implemented individually or in combination to achieve specific applications or efficiency benefits: • Hydrogen system integration: Modular, integrated electrolysis units for converting excess electrical energy into hydrogen. They can be used for seasonal energy storage, reconversion, or feeding into existing H2 infrastructure. • Alternative energy converters: Use of piezoelectric or morphing-capable transducer systems (e.g. oscillating plates, adaptive structural elements) for parallel or complementary power generation in weak or turbulent flow. • Flow modifiers: Use of additional aerodynamic systems such as Coanda guide surfaces or rotating cylinders (Magnus effect) to specifically influence the air flow and accelerate it locally. • Multifunctional tower platform: Use of the tower structure as a support for external infrastructure components, e.g.: - Environmental sensors (CO2, particulate matter, weather data), - Communication systems (mobile communications, IoT), - Drone docking stations with charging and data upload function, - Air filtration systems or lighting equipment.

[0049] This definition of the scope of protection safeguards the technical uniqueness of the invention compared to known systems and forms the basis for a differentiated formulation of claims. 8.0 Advantages of the invention

[0050] The present invention offers a variety of technical, functional, and economic advantages over the prior art. In particular, the following essential features emerge: 8.1 Operating behavior and energy efficiency • Very low starting speed (< 1 m / s) due to fluid-mechanical optimization of the air flow and low-friction rotor bearings. • Continuous energy generation even in calm conditions by utilising thermal buoyancy (chimney effect) with solar thermal or geothermal support. • High efficiency through combined use of aerodynamic (Venturi, swirl) and thermal (convection, heat recovery) principles. • Dynamic adaptation to environmental conditions through AI-supported control in real time. • Increased efficiency in changing or urban flow conditions through adaptive rotor control and air guidance. 8.2 Maintenance, modularity and structure • Modular scalable architecture, usable as: - Single tower with conventional vertical air shaft, - Multi-tube structure with several parallel flow channels on a common foundation to increase efficiency, - or as a cluster configuration of several autonomous wind towers with coordinated control, energy networking and flow interaction. • Low maintenance requirements due to low-contact bearing technology, adaptive rotor shutdown and automated operation. • Maintenance-friendly design through segmentation of rotor, generator and control units. • Fast erection through container construction or modular prefabrication (plug-and-operate). • High availability through redundancy in cluster operation and independent sub-modules 8.3 System integration and self-sufficiency • Grid-independent operation through autonomous control units, particularly suitable for remote regions, temporary locations and island networks. • Seamless integration into existing energy networks, through support of open industry protocols (e.g. OPC UA, Modbus, MQTT) for integration into smart grids, microgrids and virtual power plants (VPPs) • Sector-coupled energy networking with: - Battery storage for peak load buffering or black start capability, - Hydrogen systems (H2 electrolysis, re-electrification), - thermal storage (e.g. PCM or stratified storage) for heating networks or tower support. • Cluster and multi-pipe structures support coordinated energy distribution, mutual redundancy and adaptive load distribution - even in mixed operation with solar thermal, PV or biogas sources. • Multifunctional infrastructure platform: The tower serves as a carrier system for environmental sensors, communication modules (4G / 5G / IoT), air pollution control systems (e.g. CO2 capture, particulate matter filters) and autonomous robotics (e.g. drone docking stations). 8.4 Sustainability and climate relevance • Emission-free electricity generation through the combined use of renewable air, solar and geothermal sources without fossil fuels. • Increased system efficiency through synergy effects in multi-pipe configurations (e.g. thermal feedback, aerodynamic interaction, common thermal base). • Decarbonization potential through integrated CO2 capture and air filtration systems, which actively contribute to air pollution control and climate compensation. • Resource-efficient thanks to vertical structure: Small space requirement compared to horizontal wind turbines; ideal for urban areas, commercial areas, or multiple uses. • Passive water harvesting in humid climates using humidity-controlled return flow and condensation modules to generate rainwater (e.g. for irrigation, cooling or off-grid supply). • Reduced raw material and maintenance requirements through modular design, durable components (e.g. air bearings, piezoelectric systems) and automatic operation. • Can be combined with waste heat recovery, especially in industrial environments, to maximize the efficiency of the thermal drive effect

[0051] These advantages make the system particularly suitable for use in urban areas, self-sufficient regions, disaster relief, industrial parks with waste heat, and as a platform for networked, resilient energy infrastructures. 9.0 Fields of application

[0052] The modular, multi-tube wind platform is suitable for a wide range of technical, geographical and infrastructural application scenarios, particularly where conventional energy supply reaches its limits or additional functions are required: 9.1 Off-grid and self-sufficient supply systems • Islands, highland regions, desert or polar zones without a reliable network connection • Modular single or cluster configuration with optional thermal storage and hydrogen system • Supply of environmental stations, research bases, military outposts or emergency facilities 9.2 Urban applications and building integration • Installation in cities with limited space thanks to vertical construction • Integration into building structures as an energy tower with combined use (electricity, heat, communication) • Reduction of fine dust, CO2 and noise through integrated air purification components 9.3 Industrial areas and sector coupling • Use in commercial and industrial parks with local waste heat recovery to increase efficiency • Coupling with heating networks, battery storage, PV systems or hydrogen infrastructure • Use of the platform for peak load buffering, self-generation and grid stabilization 9.4 Agriculture and greenhouse applications • Local supply for pump systems, lighting, sensors and heat supply • Use of passively obtained water from recondensation for irrigation • Possibility of retrofitting existing farms or self-sufficient business islands 9.5 Temporary infrastructure & disaster protection • Mobile, containerized version for crisis operations (e.g. after natural disasters) • Fast assembly using plug-in systems or prefabricated modules • Supply of medical infrastructure, communication systems and storage locations 9.6 Smart Grids, Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants • Connection of several towers in cluster operation as a controllable unit with high redundancy • Participation in VPPs and demand response systems through forward-looking operating strategy • Local source of flexibility in hybrid energy architectures with battery storage and H2 systems 9.7 Technological platform applications • Use as a combined energy and sensor platform (e.g. environmental measurement, weather station, mobile communications) • Integration of IoT and communication infrastructure via dedicated platform areas • Use as a drone base with charging function and real-time data transmission

[0053] These versatile fields of application demonstrate the broad applicability of the invention in technologically, geographically and infrastructurally challenging environments. 10.0 Technical performance parameters (reference values)

[0054] The following key figures describe typical performance data of the wind turbine according to the invention, based on realistic simulation values ​​and system scalability. They distinguish between single module (monotube), multi-tube structure (integrated on a common foundation), and cluster configuration (multiple independent towers with grid connection). 10.1 Tower dimensions (single module - monotube structure) • Tower height: 40-60 m • Outer diameter: 8-12 m • Number of rotors: 6-10 horizontally stacked units • Starting speed: < 0.8 m / s • Nominal power: 30-80 kW (depending on wind profile and heat input) • Annual electricity yield: • conservative (without thermal): 250,000-600,000 kWh • optimized (with thermal support): > 1,200,000 kWh • Overall efficiency (including thermal): 28-45% • Availability: > 95% with low maintenance cycles 10.2 Multi-pipe structure (common base with 3-6 flow pipes) • System height: 40-60 m (analog single module) • Pipe diameter (single pipe): 3-5 m • Total power: 100-250 kW (depending on configuration and heat level) • Heat storage integration: central latent or stratified storage (e.g. PCM ≥ 10 MWh) • Flow dynamics: higher flow velocity per channel due to reduced cross-section • Annual yield (optimized): 600,000-1,500,000 kWh 10.3 Cluster operation (multiple autonomous towers in synchronized operation) • Cluster size: 4-30 individual towers • Total rated power: > 1 MW (depending on number & equipment) • Load flexibility: suitable for load management, demand response, peak load buffering • H2 production capacity (at 100 kW surplus power): approx. 45 kg / day • District heating supply: up to 250 MWh / a per tower with heat exchanger integration • Grid stabilization: through targeted feed-in, storage discharge or CO2 shutdown 10.4 Further systemic parameters • Modularity: fully pluggable (e.g. container construction) • Platform use: can be combined with communication, sensor or air filter units • Self-sufficiency: fully possible including own load, grid replacement and island solution • Seasonal buffer (H2 or thermal): can be implemented via additional modules 10.5 Technical performance parameters (detailed) 10.5.1 Energy characteristics (per individual module / monotube) • Nominal power per tower: 30-80 kW (at average wind speed of 2.5-3.0 m / s) • Starting speed: < 0.8 m / s • Overall efficiency: 28-45% (including thermal effects) • Annual energy yield: • conservative (wind only): 250,000-600,000 kWh • optimized (with solar thermal / geothermal support): > 1,200,000 kWh 10.5.2 Availability and Maintenance • System availability: > 95% (made possible by modular design, low moving masses and low-contact bearing technology) • Ease of maintenance: • Adaptive component control minimizes interventions • Automatic diagnosis and condition monitoring via integrated sensors • Hot-swappable modules enable maintenance of individual units without system downtime • Maintenance intervals: extended by • low-friction rotor bearings • Wear-free energy conversion (e.g. linear generator, piezoactive modules) • AI-supported load control to protect mechanical components 10.5.3 Thermal performance (optional for heat system integration) • Thermal provision (e.g. for district heating, base heating): • up to 250 MWh / a per tower unit • Temperature rise: typically 8-20 K in the base area (geothermal / solar supported) 10.5.4 Additional service: Hydrogen system integration (optional) • Electrolysis performance (e.g. PEM electrolyzer): • approx. 9 kg H2 / day at 20 kW surplus power • Possible uses: • seasonal energy storage • Reconversion to electricity if required • Feeding into existing H2 infrastructure 10.6 Thermal performance and heat utilization • Thermal energy extraction: • Heat supply for local / district heating, building heating or air preheating • Thermal output: up to 250 MWh / a per module • Temperature range (ΔT): • Typical temperature rise in the base area due to geothermal or solar thermal feed-in: 8-20 K • Energy sources: • Use of solar thermal absorber surfaces, geothermal heat exchangers, latent heat storage (PCM) • System integration: • Thermal feed-in controllable via AI-controlled heat circuits • Coupling to return systems to enhance the chimney effect

[0055] Additional benefit: This thermal component not only serves to directly utilize heat, but also increases the air flow (chimney effect), which supports the electrical performance of the system 10.8 Additional service: H2 system integration (optional)

[0056] For seasonal energy storage and cross-sectoral use, the wind turbine can be equipped with a modular hydrogen electrolysis unit. This can be integrated either directly at the base of the tower or in a connected technical module. The following applies: • Electrolysis capacity: With a surplus power of approximately 20 kW, up to 9 kg of hydrogen can be produced per day (corresponds to approximately 270 kWh of chemically stored energy). • Storage and use: - The hydrogen produced can be temporarily stored in pressure tanks or LOHC systems. - Reconversion to electricity is possible via fuel cells or gas engines. - Alternatively, the hydrogen can be fed into combined heat and power systems, industrial processes or mobility solutions. • Autarky function: The H2 integration extends the system by a seasonal storage dimension, increases grid decoupling and allows load flexibility in cluster or island operation.

[0057] The integration of a hydrogen system makes the platform not only energy self-sufficient, but also capable of sector coupling and future-proof in line with the national hydrogen strategy and EU Green Deal goals.

[0058] These performance data qualify the system for off-grid applications, hybrid coupled supply systems and as an efficient component in sustainable energy structures. 11.0 Definitions

[0059] To improve the understanding of the technical terms used in this utility model description, key concepts are explained below in a generally understandable manner: • Venturi effect: Acceleration of an airflow through a cross-sectional constriction. This leads to a pressure reduction and flow acceleration, which is utilized in the tower base. • Chimney effect: Thermally induced buoyancy effect, in which a vertical airflow is generated by heating the air in the tower shaft. The basis for solar- or geothermally assisted flow. • Coanda effect: A physical phenomenon in which an airflow follows a curved surface. It is used to create airflow attachments to tower walls or vanes. • Swirl guidance: Spiral or helical air deflection creates a rotating column of air. This improves the flow to the horizontal rotors and increases energy yield at the same flow rate. • Morphing Blades: Rotor blades that can dynamically adapt their shape, e.g., through piezoelectric actuators or smart materials. Optimize efficiency in changing wind conditions and thus continuously adapt aerodynamics to turbulence, wind strength, and direction. • Riblets (shark skin structure): Microstructured surfaces for friction minimization in fluid mechanics. Inspired by the skin structure of sharks and applicable to rotor profiles. • Kärmänsche Vortex Street: Repeated, oscillating vortex formation behind objects surrounded by current. The basis for vibrating energy converters without rotating parts. • Latent heat storage (PCM): Storage technology based on a phase change (e.g. from solid to liquid) that can store large amounts of heat at a constant temperature level. • OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture): Industrial communication protocol for cross-manufacturer, secure data transmission and machine control. • Modbus: Simple and robust fieldbus protocol for connecting sensors, actuators and control technology. • MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): Lightweight IoT communication protocol suitable for energy-efficient, packet-based data transmission. • Piezo elements: Materials (usually ceramics) that generate an electrical voltage when mechanically deformed. Used for power generation or as actuators. • Ducted Fan / Impeller Diffuser: Rotor-impeller system in an aerodynamically shaped housing (diffuser), which stabilizes the flow, optimizes the pressure curve and generates a high flow performance with a low noise level in a compact design, is used especially at low air speeds for flow focusing • Smart Grid: A smart grid with digital communication between generators, storage facilities, and consumers provides the basis for real-time control and grid stability. • Virtual Power Plant (VPP): Software-controlled combination of several decentralized energy plants that are operated together like a large power plant. • Shape memory materials: Intelligent materials that automatically return to their original shape after mechanical deformation when the temperature changes. Application in adaptive rotor blades for shape adjustment. • Micro vortex generators: Small flow profiles on the surface of rotors or tower structures that deliberately generate vortices. These vortices stabilize the boundary layer and improve aerodynamic efficiency. • Magnus effect: A fluid dynamic phenomenon in which a rotating body experiences a lateral force in an oncoming air stream. This lateral force is caused by different flow velocities along the surface and can be used to specifically influence air flows. In addition to classic cylinder bodies, the effect can also be created by rotating slats, rollers or coated tower segments and serves to enhance the vertical air flow in the tower. • PCM (phase change material): Heat storage materials that absorb large amounts of heat through phase transitions (e.g., solid to liquid) and release them again over time. Used for thermal buffering. • Cluster operation: Linking several individual vertical wind towers into a centrally controlled interconnected system with shared control, grid management, and operational optimization. Each tower operates autonomously but is integrated into a coordinated energy and control concept. • Multi-tube structure: Internal configuration of a wind tower with several vertically flowing channels (flow tubes) on a common base structure to intensify the air flow, minimize pressure loss and increase power density. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 102004005962A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] Vertical wind turbine with a conical inlet and a cylindrical tower shaft, in which horizontal rotors are stacked, whereby an ascending air flow is generated by aerodynamic and thermal measures, which transfers mechanical energy to the rotors, which generate electrical energy via generators, and the entire system is controlled by an adjustable control unit. [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized bythat all aerodynamic flow guidance elements (including, but not limited to, Venturi inlets, swirl guides, air dampers, Coanda guide vanes) and thermal support components (including, but not limited to, solar thermal jackets, geothermal heat exchangers, recirculation and condensation modules) are controlled via a centralized, predictive control unit, whereby this control is based on an AI-supported analysis of real-time sensor data (e.g., wind speed, temperature, pressure, heat flow, generator load) and, optionally, on external weather forecasts, and all of the aforementioned systems are adaptively adjusted in real time to changing environmental and operating conditions. [3] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that spiral guide elements in the shaft create a swirling flow. [4] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the thermal support is provided by a geothermal heat exchanger and / or a solar thermal active shell surface. [5] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the rotors can be adaptively switched off and repositioned to minimize losses in weak flows. [6] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that an AI-supported control system based on internal sensors and external weather data carries out predictive control of the operating parameters. [7] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat a recirculation system is provided which, after flowing through the tower, returns part of the rising air to the inlet area via one or more return ducts, wherein the recirculated air is thermally pretreated - preferably by means of solar thermal external surfaces, geothermal heat exchangers or latent heat storage components - and wherein a humidity-controlled condensation chamber is provided in the upper tower area, in which a negative pressure is generated by cooling the exhaust air by means of evaporation or a cooling jacket, whereby the vertical air flow is increased, and wherein a pressure-modulating air guide unit is additionally provided which dynamically regulates the air throughput as a function of the ambient temperature, wind conditions and operating state. [8] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the rotor bearing is designed as a magnetic or air bearing. [9] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that within the vertical flow channel, in addition to or alternatively to horizontal rotors, one or more alternative energy conversion units are provided, selected from the group: • flow-optimized impeller units in combination with diffuser covers (impeller-diffuser systems), • piezoactive plates, membranes or support systems for the direct conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy, • translatory wave converters, which are set into linear generator movement by pressure pulses or air column oscillation, • or oscillating flow elements that are converted into periodic movements by vortex induction (especially Kärmän's vortex street). These energy converters are fully integrated into the airflow, electrically coupled, and optionally controllable via a central or segmented control unit. [10] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the rotors are designed with shape memory alloys that are capable of morphing. [11] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that bionically optimized rotor profiles, in particular owl wing or riblet structures, are used. [12] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that direct-drive permanent magnet or axial flux generators are used. [13] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat hybrid generator architectures are used for different load ranges. [14] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that efficiency optimization is achieved through targeted generator control. [15] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that storage, air flow and energy conversion are synchronously coupled. [16] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that active injectors are used for boundary layer control. [17] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that helical air flow is achieved through spiral-shaped screw diffuser elements. [18] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the outer sides of the tower are equipped with adjustable air flaps for flow modulation. [19] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat Coanda or Magnus effect components are used to enhance the flow. [20] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a thermodynamic pressure chamber is integrated in the foundation area. [21] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that return flow channels are used to direct the flow. [22] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a microcontroller or AI-supported control system with connection to external forecast data is implemented. [23] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that network coupling is carried out via the communication protocols OPC UA, MQTT or Modbus. [24] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it is compatible with smart grids and microgrids. [25] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat it can be integrated into virtual power plants. [26] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it includes features for data logging, remote monitoring and web interfaces. [27] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it has integrated feed-in management and demand response capabilities. [28] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a CO2 capture unit is integrated. [29] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it serves as a platform for mobile phone antennas, sensors or environmental monitoring modules. [30] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the tower shell is equipped with photovoltaic elements for energy generation. [31] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat a drone docking station with charging and data transfer functions is integrated. [32] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it has filter units to improve air quality and reduce fine dust or CO2. [33] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it is designed in a container modular design to enable quick installation. [34] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that several flow towers are combined as independent, vertically flowed modules in a ring-shaped, radially symmetrical or grid-shaped arrangement to form a cluster structure, each tower has its own air passage, its own rotor and generator unit and a local control unit, and air circulation, thermal heat input and electrical power output are controlled in a coordinated manner between the modules, in particular by: • common return flow channels or circulation lines, • coupled heat storage or heat feed components, • a higher-level control unit for dynamic load distribution, temperature control and efficiency optimization within the overall cluster. [35] Device according to claim 34, characterized bythat the cluster structure comprises a common thermal base which has one or more geothermal or solar thermal assisted heat storage units and which is designed so that thermal energy can be supplied to individual or multiple flow towers on demand, whereby the heat feed is dynamically controlled depending on ambient parameters, operating status and predicted load distribution. [36] Device according to claim 35, characterized by that the common heat base comprises at least one latent heat storage device based on phase change materials (PCM), which stores thermal energy and supplies it to individual flow towers in a targeted manner depending on temperature gradients, operating requirements and energy availability, whereby the distribution takes place via controllable heat conduction systems or heat exchanger units and can be dynamically prioritized by the central control unit. [37] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that there are return flow guides between the tubes for synchronized air circulation. [38] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that each tube has its own sensor and control unit. [39] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a central cluster control is provided for several tower units. [40] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the performance can be adjusted modularly by scaling the number of vertical tube modules. [41] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the outer shell of the tubes is used as an active sensor surface or photovoltaic energy surface. [42] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat controllable ventilation flaps are provided on the outside of the tower, which are used to actively utilize crosswinds and to regulate the external pressure conditions. [43] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the foundation module includes a latent heat storage (PCM), which serves for thermal buffering and operational stabilization in the absence of solar radiation. [44] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a humidity-controlled condensation chamber is provided in the upper part of the tower, which contributes to passive water extraction through air cooling and condensation. [45] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat a large number of integrated sensors are provided which collect data on wind speed, temperature, pressure, CO2 content, rotor position, generator load and heat flows in real time and which are used to automatically control the operating parameters. [46] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that an electrolytic hydrogen system is provided which uses excess electrical energy to generate H2, whereby the hydrogen produced can be stored, reconverted to electricity or fed into an external hydrogen infrastructure. [47] Device according to claim 1, characterized by that the horizontal rotors are equipped with a pitch control, whereby the angle of attack of the rotor blades can be adjusted in real time and in the event of strong wind events the rotors are automatically locked to provide protection. [48] ​​Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a latent heat storage device, in particular based on phase change materials (PCM), is integrated in the foundation area, which stores thermal energy and releases it again when required to support the chimney effect. [49] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that micro vortex generators are arranged on the rotor blades, which improve boundary layer stability and reduce aerodynamic losses. [50] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the rotor blades are made of adaptive materials, in particular piezoelectric or shape memory materials, which enable automatic geometric adaptation of the blade structure in real time (morphing blades). [51] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the tower unit consists of several vertically arranged flow channels which are modularly constructed within a common housing, with each channel being equipped with its own rotor and generator system and having individual air guidance and control components. [52] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that several vertical wind turbines are connected as autonomous units to form a synchronised cluster, with each unit having its own air intake, rotors and generator, and the cluster is operated in a coordinated manner via a central control unit, in particular for dynamic load distribution, heat networking and security of supply. [53] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat a hybrid generator architecture is used for energy conversion, combining linear generators for small flow units and rotating generators for larger rotors. [54] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it is coupled to at least one electrical, thermal or chemical storage system, in particular a battery storage system, a latent heat storage system or a hydrogen electrolysis unit, and wherein the coupling takes place centrally or decentrally and is controlled by a predictive control entity. [55] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the tower structure is additionally used as a platform for external applications, in particular for communication systems, environmental measuring stations, drone docking stations or air filtration units, whereby the supply of these additional functions is independent of the main energy system or via surplus energy. [56] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that in order to optimise efficiency, the generator control is variable speed, loss-optimised and adapted to the current load profile and the ambient conditions. [57] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the air flow is generated by a combined, coaxial vertical flow with fluid-mechanical air flow (Venturi, swirl, Coanda) and thermally induced lift (chimney effect), whereby neither large horizontal rotors nor external collector fields are required, and the energy conversion takes place exclusively by internally stacked, modular rotor or converter systems.