Multifunctional roof for integrated rainwater retention, energy generation and climate adaptation

Abstract

Multifunctional roof system, comprising a) a substrate and drainage layer for storing rainwater, b) green roof components with UV-resistant materials for temperature reduction, c) roof-mounted ground collectors in Tichelmann arrangement for heat generation, d) solar air absorbers for utilizing ambient air energy, and e) a central controller for controlling energy flows.

Claims

[1] Multifunctional roof system, comprising a) a substrate and drainage layer for storing rainwater, b) Green roof components with UV-resistant materials to reduce temperature, c) Roof-ground collectors in Tichelmann arrangement for heat recovery, d) Solar air absorbers for the use of ambient air energy and e) a central controller to control energy flows. [2] Multifunctional roof system according to claim 1, wherein the substrate and drainage layer has a storage capacity of 20 to 50 liters per square meter and delays water runoff by at least 12 hours. [3] Multifunctional roof system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the green roof components comprise a multi-layer structure consisting of a root barrier made of high-density polyethylene with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm, a drainage and storage layer made of recycled polypropylene with a compressive strength of up to 50 kN / m 2 and a mineral substrate with sedum plants, which has a long lifespan thanks to UV stabilizers. [4] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the roof ground collectors comprise a pipe system made of frost-resistant plastic with a diameter of 16 to 25 mm, laid in parallel loops with a spacing of 10 to 20 cm in Tichelmann arrangement, and a brine fluid with a thermal output of up to 50 W / m 2 to a heat pump or ice storage. [5] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the solar air absorbers comprise flat, perforated collectors made of aluminum or coated steel with an absorption coefficient of over 90%, which have a thermal output of up to 700 W / m 2 and are connected to a heat pump or storage tank via a duct system with a diameter of 100-150 mm, controlled by a fan with a power of 20-50 W. [6] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the central controller is a microprocessor-based control unit with programmable logic that monitors the energy flows via temperature and flow sensors and communicates with a building management system via interfaces such as Modbus or BACnet in order to maximize the COP value of the heat pump up to 5.

0. [7] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising photovoltaic modules for power generation with an output of up to 200 W / m 2 and hybrid collectors for parallel energy generation, which generate thermal energy with an output of up to 700 W / m 2 and electrical energy with a power of up to 200 W / m 2 simultaneously from solar radiation, ambient air and green roof material. [8] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a cool roof coating with a solar reflection index of at least 90, which reduces the urban heat island effect by up to 14%. [9] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an ice storage unit as a low-temperature heat storage unit, which uses the latent heat during the phase transition from water to ice and is designed as an underground heat storage unit in the ground without insulation, the storage capacity being up to 10 kW. [10] Multifunctional roof system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the roof waterproofing is protected by the green roof components from UV radiation and mechanical stress, thereby extending the service life of the roof structure to over 40 years.

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