Biopesticide formulation system using Euphorbia latex for the control of sucking pests

Abstract

A system for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests, comprising: (a) a latex collection unit configured to collect latex from Euphorbia antiquorum and Euphorbia tirucalli plants; (b) a lyophilisation unit configured to convert the collected latex into powder form by freeze-drying; c) a formulation preparation unit configured to produce emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing 2.5% active ingredient using environmentally friendly solvents and optimised surfactant systems; (d) a stability test unit configured to evaluate the stability parameters of the formulation, including emulsion stability, creaming, sedimentation and phase separation; and (e) a bioefficacy assessment unit configured to assess pest control efficacy against sucking pests, including aphids and thrips.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests. More specifically, the present invention relates to a biopesticide formulation system using Euphorbia latex for controlling sucking pests. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Sucking pests, particularly aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) and thrips (Thrips parvispinus), cause significant yield losses in vegetable crops such as cabbage and chili. Conventional synthetic pesticides, while effective, have led to resistance, environmental pollution, and negative impacts on non-target organisms, necessitating the development of environmentally friendly alternatives within the framework of integrated pest management.

[0003] Botanical pesticides derived from latex-producing Euphorbiaceae species, particularly Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia tirucalli L., possess bioactive compounds with proven insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. However, the systematic formulation of these latex materials into stable emulsion concentrates (EC) suitable for commercial application remains limited.

[0004] The development of stable EC formulations from plant latex requires the optimization of environmentally friendly solvents, surfactant systems, and adjuvant properties to ensure physical stability, biological efficacy, and plant safety. Furthermore, improving dispersal and rainfastness properties with latex-based polymers is essential for effective field application and sustainable pest control.

[0005] There is a need for the systematic development and evaluation of latex-based EC formulations that combine the pesticidal efficacy of Euphorbia species with optimized formulation stability and broad-spectrum activity suitable for sustainable agricultural practices. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests. The present invention relates to a comprehensive system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species, particularly E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli, for effectively controlling sucking pests. The system comprises latex extraction, freeze-drying, formulation development into 2.5% emulsifiable concentrates using environmentally friendly solvents, stability evaluation, and assessment of bioefficacy against aphids and thrips, while incorporating latex-based polymers as natural adjuvants for improved dispersal and rainfastness properties.

[0007] The present disclosure aims to provide a system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests. The system comprises: a) a latex collection unit for collecting latex from E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli plants; b) a lyophilization unit for converting the collected latex into powder form by freeze-drying; c) a formulation preparation unit for preparing emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing 2.5% active ingredient using environmentally friendly solvents and optimized surfactant systems; d) a stability testing unit for evaluating formulation stability parameters, including emulsion stability, creaming, sedimentation, and phase separation; and e) a bioefficacy evaluation unit for evaluating pest control efficacy against sucking pests, including aphids and thrips.

[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests.

[0009] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a systematic approach for formulating stable emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations from E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli latex.

[0010] Another objective of the present disclosure is to develop an integrated evaluation system to assess the pesticidal efficacy of latex-based formulations against important sucking pests, including Brevicoryne brassicae aphids in cabbage and Thrips parvispinus in chili under laboratory and field conditions, while ensuring crop safety through comprehensive phytotoxicity assessments.

[0011] Another objective of the present disclosure is to develop and characterize latex-based polymer adjuvants that improve the spreading and rainfastness properties of biopesticide formulations.

[0012] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[0013] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the elements in the drawings are shown for convenience and are not necessarily to scale. For example, the flowcharts illustrate the method by key steps to enhance understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, with respect to device construction, one or more components of the device may be represented in the drawings by conventional symbols. The drawing may show only the specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of the present disclosure in order not to clutter the drawing with details that would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the present description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[0015] To facilitate understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and a clear description will be given. However, the scope of the invention is not limited thereby. Changes and further modifications to the illustrated system, as well as further applications of the principles of the invention, are possible, as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

[0016] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

[0017] References in this specification to "one aspect," "another aspect," or similar expressions mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, the occurrences of the terms "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," and similar expressions throughout this specification may or may not all refer to the same embodiment.

[0018] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method comprising a list of steps may include not only those steps, but also additional steps not expressly listed or inherent in that process or method. Likewise, the statement "comprises" for one or more devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components does not exclude, without further limitation, the existence of other devices, subsystems, elements, structures, components, or additional devices, subsystems, elements, structures, or components.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. The systems, methods, and examples provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0020] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The present invention relates to the development of advanced formulations based on plant latex from E. antiquorum (EA) and E. tirucalli (ET) that potentially exhibit pesticidal and fungicidal properties. To improve their stability, efficacy, and field applicability, the latex extracts are formulated in various dosage forms, including water-dispersible granules (WDG), microemulsions (ME), and oil dispersions (OD). These formulations ensure improved solubility, uniform dispersion, and controlled release of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the invention encompasses next-generation agrochemical formulation technologies, such as granule and seed coatings, to enable targeted and sustained release at the site of action, thus reducing environmental impact and improving crop protection.The latex-based formulations are biodegradable and environmentally friendly and represent a promising alternative to conventional synthetic agrochemicals.

[0022] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests. More specifically, the present invention relates to a biopesticide formulation system using Euphorbia latex for controlling sucking pests.

[0023] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system (100) for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Referring to Fig.1, the system (100) comprises: a) a latex collection unit (102) configured to collect latex from Euphorbia antiquorum and Euphorbia tirucalli plants; b) a lyophilization unit (104) configured to convert the collected latex into powder form by freeze-drying; c) a formulation preparation unit (106) configured to produce emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing 2.5% active ingredient using environmentally friendly solvents and optimized surfactant systems; d) a stability testing unit (108) configured to evaluate formulation stability parameters such as emulsion stability, creaming, sedimentation, and phase separation; and e) a bioefficacy evaluation unit (110) configured to evaluate the pest control efficacy against sucking pests such as aphids and thrips.

[0025] In one embodiment, the freeze-drying unit (104) is configured to operate at -105 °C and 0.259 MPa to preserve bioactive compounds without thermal degradation.

[0026] In one embodiment, the formulation preparation unit (106) is configured to use acetophenone as the green solvent for E. antiquorum latex and liquid paraffin for E. tirucalli latex.

[0027] In one embodiment, the formulation preparation unit (106) is configured to incorporate anionic and nonionic surfactant mixtures optimized for stable emulsification with minimal creaming and no sedimentation.

[0028] In one embodiment, the system (100) further comprises a polymer extraction unit (112) configured to isolate cis-1,4-polyisoprene polymer from the latex for use as a natural adjuvant.

[0029] In one embodiment, the system (100) further comprises an adjuvant evaluation unit (114) configured to evaluate the spreading and rainfastness properties of latex-derived polymers at concentrations ranging from 0.050% to 1%.

[0030] In one embodiment, the bioefficacy evaluation unit (110) is configured to conduct field trials against Brevicoryne aphids infesting cabbage and thrips and Parvispinus-infested chili peppers using a randomized block design.

[0031] In one embodiment, the system (100) further comprises a phytotoxicity assessment unit (116) configured to evaluate the safety of the crops using a standard rating system on a scale of 0 to 10.

[0032] In one embodiment, the system (100) further comprises a fungicidal activity testing unit (118) configured to evaluate the antifungal potential of the latex formulations through zone of inhibition measurements.

[0033] The present invention provides a comprehensive system for the development of environmentally friendly biopesticide formulations from plant latex of Euphorbiaceae species, thus addressing the growing need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides in modern agriculture. The system integrates several specialized units that work together in a coordinated manner to convert raw latex from Euphorbia antiquorum and E. tirucalli into commercially viable, emulsifiable concentrate formulations suitable for field application against sucking pests.

[0034] The latex collection unit enables the systematic extraction of latex from field-grown Euphorbia plants and ensures proper handling and transport under controlled conditions to preserve the bioactive constituents. The collected latex is processed in a freeze-drying unit at -105 °C and 0.259 MPa. This unit converts the liquid latex into a stable powder while preventing thermal degradation of the pesticides. This freeze-drying process preserves the integrity of the bioactive molecules responsible for the latex's insecticidal properties.

[0035] The formulation preparation unit represents the heart of the system. Here, the freeze-dried latex powder is dissolved in carefully selected green solvents to produce emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing 2.5% active ingredient. The system uses acetophenone as the optimal green solvent for E. antiquorum latex and liquid paraffin for E. tirucalli latex, based on extensive solubility testing and environmental impact considerations. The formulation process includes optimized surfactant blends of anionic and non-ionic surfactants, ensuring stable emulsion properties with minimal creaming and complete absence of sedimentation.

[0036] Quality control and stability assessment are integral components of the system. A dedicated stability testing unit evaluates critical formulation parameters such as emulsion stability, phase separation, and long-term storage properties according to established CIPAC standards. This ensures that the developed formulations retain their physical and chemical integrity throughout their shelf life and field application period.

[0037] The system includes advanced bioefficacy assessment capabilities through a specialized unit designed to conduct comprehensive laboratory and field trials. Field trials are conducted using a randomized block design against specific target pests, including Brevicoryne, aphids of the genus Brassicae, which infest cabbage plants, and Thrips parvispinus, which affects chili pepper crops. The evaluation shows a significant reduction in pest populations of up to 72.8% for aphids and 66.5% for thrips, demonstrating the economic viability of the latex-based formulations.

[0038] A unique aspect of the invention lies in its capabilities for polymer extraction and adjuvant development. The system includes a special unit for isolating cis-1,4-polyisoprene polymer from the latex materials, which serves as a natural adjuvant system. This latex-derived polymer improves the spreading properties and rainfastness of the formulations, enhances spray adhesion to leaf surfaces, and maintains efficacy under field conditions with natural rainfall.

[0039] The system also includes a comprehensive safety assessment by dedicated phytotoxicity assessment units, which assess plant safety using standardized rating scales, ensuring that the biopesticide formulations do not have any adverse effects on the treated plants. Furthermore, preliminary testing capabilities for fungicidal activity are integrated to investigate the broad-spectrum potential of the latex-based formulations beyond their primary insecticidal application.

[0040] The system design enables the production of environmentally friendly biopesticides that address numerous challenges of modern pest management while supporting integrated pest management frameworks and sustainable agricultural practices.

[0041] The present invention relates to a system for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from selected Euphorbiaceae species. The system aims to screen and select latex from E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli for its pesticidal activity, develop stable EC formulations, and evaluate their efficacy in the laboratory and in the field against aphids in cabbage and thrips in chili. The present invention also aims to investigate the adjuvant properties of latex-based polymers to improve dispersal and rainfastness, along with preliminary evaluations of their fungicidal activity, thus developing broad-spectrum plant biopesticides suitable for sustainable agriculture.

[0042] In one implementation, the latex collection unit was configured to collect latex from E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli plants. The plants were identified based on morphological characteristics, and the stem was tapped to extract latex. The system's freeze-drying unit (104) converts the collected latex into powder form using a freeze dryer (operating at 105 °C and 0.259 MPa). This ensures the stability and preservation of the bioactive compounds in the latex without thermal degradation.

[0043] In one implementation, solubility screening and surfactant optimization are performed to prepare the formulation. The freeze-dried latex powders of E. antiquorum (EA) and E. tirucalli (ET) were subjected to solubility screening in ten different solvents to identify suitable carriers for the EC formulation. Acetophenone was identified as the optimal green solvent for EA latex based on solubility, flash point, and environmental compatibility aspects, while liquid paraffin was used for ET latex. Various anionic and non-ionic surfactants were screened and blended in different ratios to determine the optimal emulsifier system that ensures stable emulsification, minimal creaming, and no sedimentation. The selected surfactant blends were incorporated into the formulations at the recommended standard amounts.The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations are prepared by dissolving 2.5% (w / v) latex powder in the selected solvent with a surfactant mixture under continuous stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. The formulations were tested for physical stability parameters such as emulsion stability, creaming, sedimentation, and phase separation according to the standards of the Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Council (CIPAC).

[0044] In one embodiment, a latex polymer is isolated to facilitate adjuvant development. The system includes a polymer extraction unit configured to isolate cis-1,4-polyisoprene polymer from the latex of E. antiquorum and E. tirucalli. Latex samples are first mixed 1:1 with methanol and transferred to a separatory funnel to allow phase separation. The emulsion layer that settles to the bottom is collected and filtered. The unfiltered residue is mixed 1:3 with acetone, which dissolves the solid. This acetone solution is then added to 50–60% n-hexane and transferred back to a separatory funnel, where the oil-rich layer is removed. The acetone fraction containing the polymer is dried in a water bath until the solvent is completely evaporated. The completely dried material is identified as the target polymer fraction and subsequently dissolved in liquid paraffin.The adjuvant evaluation unit is configured to evaluate this latex-derived polymer as a natural adjuvant for biopesticide formulations. Specifically, its performance in improving spreading and rainfastness is evaluated at concentrations ranging from 0.050% to 1%, supporting its use as a bio-based agent to improve formulation adhesion and persistence on plant surfaces. Four concentrations (0.050%, 0.1%, 0.50%, and 1%) of latex polymers were prepared and applied to leaf surfaces using micropipettes. Spreading area and contact angle were measured after 1 minute to assess wettability. Rainfastness was assessed by exposing treated leaves to simulated rain and recording formulation retention after 2 hours.

[0045] In one implementation, the system-produced formulations are used for field trials against cabbage aphids, with the experimental design comprising a randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replicates. The eight treatments include: T1-T4 (EA or ET 2.5% EC at 250, 375, 500, and 725 ml / ha); T5 (EA + ET 2.5% EC (1:1 combination) at 500 ml / ha); T6 (fluxametamide 10% EC at 500 ml / ha (standard)); T7 spinosad 45% SC at 500 ml / ha (standard)); and T8 untreated control (water only). Two foliar sprays are applied 10 days apart with a spray volume of 500 l / ha. The average aphid population per 3 leaves per plant was recorded before treatment and 3, 7, and 10 days after each spray (DAS).Similarly, field trials are conducted for the black chili thrips, using green chili vegetation for the experiment and following the same experimental setup, treatment, and observation as for cabbage.

[0046] In one embodiment, the system comprises a phytotoxicity assessment unit in which phytotoxicity symptoms such as leaf tip injury, necrosis, wilting, growth stunting, vein disintegration, epinasty, and hyponasty were visually recorded on five randomly selected plants per treatment per replication. The Central Insecticides Board (CIB) 0-10 scale (0 = no phytotoxicity; 10 = complete kill) was used at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 DAS.

[0047] In one embodiment, the system comprises a fungicidal activity testing unit that evaluates the antifungal potential of the latex formulations by measuring the zone of inhibition. The fungicidal activity of EA, ET, and their combination at 2000 ppm against tested fungal pathogens was evaluated using the agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured after 72 hours of incubation at room temperature to assess the antifungal potential.

[0048] In one embodiment, a statistical analysis is performed in which the data collected from bioefficacy and phytotoxicity studies are subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate for RBD using standard statistical methods. To interpret treatment efficacy, the percentage reduction compared to the untreated control was calculated.

[0049] The system with integrated units for the formulation of latex-based biopesticides from E. antiquorum (EA) and E. tirucalli (ET) demonstrated the successful development and evaluation of stable emulsifiable concentrates (EC). Both the EA and ET formulations exhibited good solubility profiles in their respective solvents, acetophenone for EA and liquid paraffin for ET, as well as stable emulsification and the absence of creaming or sedimentation. These properties confirmed the physicochemical stability of 2.5% EC formulations prepared using optimized anionic and nonionic surfactant blends, and met essential criteria for safe handling and storage, including the corresponding flash points.

[0050] Field trials conducted with the Bioefficiency Evaluation Unit showed that EA and ET formulations, when applied at higher doses (725 ml / ha), achieved pest population reductions comparable to those achieved with synthetic insecticides. In cabbage infested with Brevicoryne, an EA EC dose of 725 ml / ha reduced the aphid population by 72.80%, while an ET EC dose of 69.16% resulted in a reduction. A combination of EA and ET formulations resulted in reductions of 76.56% and 72.23%, respectively. Synthetic standards such as fluxametamide 10% EC and spinosad 45% SC achieved control of 88.62% and 85.92%, respectively. This confirms the superior efficacy of chemical treatments but also highlights the significant potential of plant-based alternatives.

[0051] In thrips-infested Chili peppers parvispinus, EA EC at 725 ml / ha showed an efficacy of 65.93%, while ET EC at the same dose achieved a reduction of 66.49%. The EA+ET combination treatment achieved a reduction of 69.08% and 72.22%, respectively. Synthetic standards again performed better, with fluxametamide and spinosad achieving reductions of 80.93% and 86.92%, respectively. These results confirm that both EA and ET latex formulations have significant efficacy against sucking pests, especially at higher doses or in combination.

[0052] The Adjuvant Evaluation Unit evaluated the functionality of latex-derived cis-1.4-polyisoprene polymers isolated from EA and ET latex using the Polymer Extraction Unit. When tested at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, these polymers improved the wetting and adhesion of the spray formulations. Spreading performance, assessed by contact angle measurements, showed excellent wetting with values ​​between 30° and 40°, indicating uniform distribution on plant surfaces. Rainfastness tests demonstrated effective retention of the formulations on leaves after simulated rain, thus supporting improved persistence under field conditions. Application of the polymer at a concentration of 0.1% significantly improved spreading and rainfastness, indicating its potential as a natural adjuvant to enhance field efficacy.

[0053] The Phytotoxicity Department evaluated all treatments for potential plant damage using a standardized scale of 0 to 10. No symptoms such as leaf tip necrosis, wilting, leaf vein loss, epinasty, or hyponasty were observed in either cabbage or chili plants during the observation intervals (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after spraying). These results confirmed the crop safety of both the EA and ET latex formulations, even at higher application doses.

[0054] Additionally, the Fungicidal Activity Test Unit evaluated the antifungal potential of the latex formulations using the agar diffusion method. Treatments with EA latex (2000 ppm), ET latex (2000 ppm), and their combination all showed visible zones of inhibition against test fungi. The combined EA+ET formulation produced the largest free zone, suggesting a possible synergistic effect in suppressing fungal growth. These results indicate that EA and ET latex formulations possess a dual action with insecticidal and antifungal properties, expanding their use in integrated pest and disease management systems.

[0055] The system demonstrated the following key results: Stable EC formulations made from EA and ET latex were successfully developed and demonstrated effective pest control activity. Efficacy improved with increasing dose and in combined applications. Latex-based polymers enhanced dispersal and rainfastness, thus contributing to improved field performance. No phytotoxic effects were observed, confirming the safety of the formulations. Furthermore, antifungal evaluations indicated promising fungicidal activity. In summary, these results demonstrate that EA and ET latex-based EC formulations are effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides.Their integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies offers a sustainable approach to crop protection and is in line with global efforts to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides while maintaining agricultural productivity.

[0056] The drawings and the foregoing description illustrate examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the described elements may well be combined to form a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be separated into multiple functional elements. Elements of one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of the processes described herein may be changed and is not limited to the manner described herein. Furthermore, the actions of a flowchart need not be performed in the order shown; nor do all actions need to be performed. Also, actions that are not dependent on other actions may be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples.Numerous variations, whether explicitly stated in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimensions, and use of materials, are possible. The scope of the embodiments is at least as broad as indicated in the following claims.

[0057] Advantages, further benefits, and solutions to problems have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, the advantages, advantages, solutions to problems, and any components that may result in an advantage, advantage, or solution occurring or becoming more apparent are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all of the claims. REFERENCES 100 A system for producing biopesticide formulations based on plant latex from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests. 102 Latex collection unit 104 Freeze-drying unit 106 Formulation Preparation Unit 108 Stability tester 110 Bioefficacy 112 Polymer extraction unit 114 Adjuvant Evaluation Unit 116 Phytotoxicity Assessment Unit 118 Test Unit For Fungicidal Efficacy

Claims

[1] A system for producing plant latex-based biopesticide formulations from Euphorbiaceae species for controlling sucking pests, comprising: (a) a latex collection unit configured to collect latex from Euphorbia antiquorum and Euphorbia tirucalli plants; (b) a lyophilisation unit configured to convert the collected latex into powder form by freeze-drying; c) a formulation preparation unit configured to produce emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing 2.5% active ingredient using environmentally friendly solvents and optimised surfactant systems; (d) a stability test unit configured to evaluate the stability parameters of the formulation, including emulsion stability, creaming, sedimentation and phase separation; and (e) a bioefficacy assessment unit configured to assess pest control efficacy against sucking pests, including aphids and thrips. [2] The system of claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying unit is configured to operate at -105°C and 0.259 MPa to preserve bioactive compounds without thermal degradation. [3] The system of claim 1, wherein the formulation preparation unit is configured to use acetophenone as the green solvent for Euphorbia antiquorum latex and liquid paraffin for Euphorbia tirucalli latex. [4] The system of claim 1, wherein the formulation preparation unit is configured to incorporate anionic and nonionic surfactant mixtures optimized for stable emulsification with minimal creaming and no sedimentation. [5] The system of claim 1, further comprising a polymer extraction unit configured to isolate cis-1,4-polyisoprene polymer from the latex for use as a natural adjuvant. [6] The system of claim 1, further comprising an adjuvant evaluation unit configured to evaluate the spreading and rainfastness properties of latex-derived polymers at concentrations ranging from 0.050% to 1%. [7] The system of claim 1, wherein the bioefficacy evaluation unit is configured to conduct field trials against Brevicoryne aphids infesting cabbage and thrips parvispinus infesting chili peppers using a randomized block design. [8] The system of claim 1, further comprising a phytotoxicity assessment unit configured to evaluate the safety of the crops using a standard rating system of 0 to 10. [9] The system of claim 1, further comprising a fungicidal activity testing unit configured to evaluate the antifungal potential of the latex formulations through zone of inhibition measurements.

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