Circuit arrangement

Abstract

circuit arrangement, characterized by that the circuit arrangement comprises a transformer constructed from nested capacitors forming at least four electrically insulated, stacked plates of conductive solid material, and that the at least four plates stacked on top of each other have a four-pole with a primary side and a secondary side.

Description

[0001] Transformers are well-known and widely used. Transformers are used to convert voltages and are components of electrical engineering. The majority of known transformers are inductive. They have two or more coils or windings and often one or more iron cores. The cores can be solid, laminated, or made of ferrite. Transformers typically convert an input AC voltage into an output AC voltage. They can also be used as isolation transformers.

[0002] Both the coils and the cores are lossy. The coils have disadvantages such as ohmic resistance, parasitic capacitance, and stray magnetic fields. The cores cause losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents.

[0003] The magnetic field of conventional transformers is not limited to the core and coils, but rather disperses and induces currents in the transformer's surroundings (losses). The ohmic resistance of the coils leads to their heating (losses). Any DC voltage component present on the primary side is not transmitted (transformed), but heats the entire transformer and leads the core to magnetic saturation. At high power levels, there is also a risk of armature fire.

[0004] The material costs are quite considerable, especially for higher demands. Typically, copper or aluminum are used for the coils, and iron, such as dynamo sheet or so-called "Grain Oriented Silicone Steel" (GOSS), or powder metallurgical materials are used for the cores.

[0005] DE 1 771 111 U1 discloses a circuit arrangement comprising several capacitor arrangements connected in series. The circuit arrangement operates as a capacitive voltage divider.

[0006] In contrast, the purpose of a transformer is to galvanically separate a primary side and a secondary side.

[0007] The object of the invention would be to propose a more favorable solution for the transformers compared to the problems in the prior art.

[0008] This object is achieved according to the invention in that the circuit arrangement has a transformer which is constructed from nested capacitors which form at least four electrically insulated, stacked plates made of conductive solid material, and in that the at least four stacked plates have a four-pole with a primary side and a secondary side.

[0009] A circuit arrangement according to the invention comprises, in particular, a transformer made of metal foils and insulating intermediate layers. The intermediate layers thus create capacitance.

[0010] In a switching arrangement according to the invention, a transformer operates capacitively, not inductively as usual. It uses the electric field, not the magnetic field.

[0011] The inventive switching arrangement with a capacitive transformer has at least four electrically insulated, stacked plates. This forms a quadrupole with an input side (primary side) and an output side (secondary side). The ohmic resistance of the coils leads to their heating and thus to further losses. Any DC voltage component present on the primary side is not transformed but heats the entire transformer and leads the core to magnetic saturation. At high power levels, there is also a risk of armature fire.

[0012] The circuit arrangements according to the invention can be manufactured very inexpensively, for example, using processes known for capacitors. Production can be carried out individually or in series, manually or mechanically. A design analogous to a conventional wound capacitor is also possible and optional. The circuit arrangements according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of devices.

[0013] Usability is particularly advantageous if a circuit arrangement is to be used without iron, as far as possible, since this is not required according to the invention.

[0014] The material used can be reused after its service life, with mechanical or chemical separation processes being suitable for separating the metal components from the insulating material.

[0015] The circuit arrangement according to the invention essentially functions as a capacitive transformer. It provides galvanic isolation. It can be constructed with a potential-free secondary circuit. It can step up or step down. It operates with alternating current. The circuit arrangement can also operate with high frequencies for the supplied currents or voltages, as the high quality of the capacitors used leads to a high level of efficiency of the circuit arrangement.

[0016] The parasitic inductances and ohmic resistances can be reduced considerably.

[0017] The circuit arrangement is high-frequency resistant, even for high voltage. No stray magnetic field or phase shift is generated, as the magnetic field is not used in this respect.

[0018] To save space, the capacitive transformer can also be wound up in the circuit arrangement.

[0019] Further preferred ideas and embodiments are set out in the claims.

[0020] In the following, exemplary embodiments of known and inventive circuit arrangements are shown with reference to the drawing.

[0021] It shows: Fig. 1 an embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the invention.

[0022] In the following description of a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the present disclosure of the various aspects is not limited to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components as shown in the following description and in the figures. The embodiment may be practiced or embodied in a variety of ways. It should also be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of specific description only and should not be construed as limiting by those skilled in the art.Furthermore, in the following description, the same reference numerals in the embodiment or the figures denote the same or similar features or objects, so that in some cases a repeated detailed description of the same is omitted in order to maintain the compactness and clarity of the illustration.

[0023] The Fig. Figure 1 shows a circuit arrangement constituting a coilless transformer according to the invention. An embodiment is shown here that includes parallel-connected elements on the left side and series-connected elements on the right side. If the source is on the left side, the voltage is step-up; if the source is on the right side, the voltage is step-down.

[0024] In the illustrated embodiment, the element in the circuit arrangement consists of twelve plates. Each plate has a layer 1 and a spacer layer 2 parallel to it. These layers alternate in the circuit arrangement, so that twelve layers 1 and twelve spacer layers 2 form the twelve plates in total, preventing short circuits.

[0025] Furthermore, electrically conductive lines 3 are provided. These lines 3 connect the layers 1 on one side to the P phase or the -P phase, respectively, and on the other side of the circuit arrangement to a +P phase and a -P phase. This results in the transformation of the voltages U to 2U and vice versa.

[0026] The circuit arrangement can be extended by additional elements of six plates each, i.e. six layers 1 with six spacer layers 2. In the Fig.1 these extended elements would have to be thought of upwards and / or downwards. List of reference symbols P-Phase P' phase ± π U voltage 1 metallic layer 2 insulating spacer layer 3 electrically conductive cable QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 1 771 111 U1

[0005]

Claims

[1] Circuit arrangement, characterized by , that the circuit arrangement includes a transformer constructed from nested capacitors forming at least four electrically insulated, stacked plates of conductive solid material, and that the at least four stacked plates have a four-terminal network with a primary side and a secondary side. [2] Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by , that each plate consists of a metallic layer (1) and an insulating spacer layer (2), each arranged parallel to the other, each of the metallic layers (1) being connected to the voltage sources on the primary or secondary side by means of electrically conductive lines (3). [3] Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the circuit arrangement has a total of six layers (1) or a multiple of six layers (1).

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