Electric vehicle charged and discharged via dual batteries and its charging and discharging management system

Abstract

Electric vehicle charged and discharged by means of dual batteries, characterized in that: It includes a drive electric motor, a charging generator, a drive linkage device, a main battery, a reserve battery, a switching component, an external charging component, and a wheel component; the drive connection device is an elastic coupling or a belt transmission mechanism, rigidly connected at one end to an output shaft of the drive electric motor, and rigidly connected at the other end to an input shaft of the charging generator; The switching component includes a discharge drive switch, a generator charging switch, and an external charging switch; the external charging component includes an external charging socket; the wheel component comprises front drive wheels and rear driven wheels, the front drive wheels being arranged on a steering mechanism at a front part of the vehicle and being in drive connection with a drive output end of the drive electric motor, the rear driven wheels being arranged at a rear part of the vehicle as output support wheels; During driving, one battery is discharged to power the drive electric motor, the drive electric motor drives the front drive wheels to rotate, and simultaneously the charging generator is driven to operate by the drive connection device, the charging generator charges another battery, and in the case of external charging via the external charging socket and the external charging switch, it can be selected that the main battery, the reserve battery, or the dual batteries are charged separately or simultaneously.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles and battery management, specifically an electric vehicle charged and discharged by means of dual batteries and its equipped, intelligent charging and discharging management system. State of the art

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, electric vehicles are widely used in daily mobility due to their environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, and other advantages. However, problems such as insufficient battery range, inefficient charging and discharging management, and weak emergency power supply capacity limit their wider adoption. Currently prevalent electric vehicles often use a single-battery power supply system, which relies on a fixed-capacity battery to provide propulsion power. This system is limited by the battery's energy density, generally results in a relatively short driving range per charge, and has insufficient charging infrastructure. Charging times are also relatively long, easily triggering battery life anxiety among users.During long journeys or emergency situations, the vehicle cannot continue driving after the single battery is depleted, which significantly impairs the convenience of use.

[0003] At the same time, there are obvious weaknesses in the battery management system of existing electric vehicles: Firstly, the charging and discharging strategy is one-dimensional; a fixed power is often used for charging, and it is not dynamically regulated according to the battery's state of charge (SOC), which easily leads to the phenomenon of overcharging and over-discharging, and shortens the battery's lifespan; Secondly, the battery condition check is not up-to-date; the sample collection frequency is low, making it difficult to accurately detect sudden changes in voltage, temperature, and other key parameters, which increases safety risks; Thirdly, there is a lack of flexible charging mode selection; only static charging of a single battery is supported, and the differentiated charging needs of the user cannot be met; Fourthly, the technology for switching between the dual batteries is immature; in some cases, manual switching is used or the switching delay is too long (often more than 1 second); during the switching process, an interruption of drive power can easily occur, which affects driving stability.

[0004] Furthermore, a rigid connection is often used for a conventional drive connection device; the shock in the drive transmission process is too high and can easily lead to damage to the electric motor, generator, and battery interface; the battery protection mechanism is imperfect, the response to excessive temperature, overcurrent, short circuit, and other abnormal operating conditions is not timely, and there are safety risks.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop a dual-battery power supply system with a long range, intelligent charging and discharging management, seamless switching, and multiple protection functions to eliminate the pain points such as insufficient range, rough management, inconvenient use, and the like of existing electric vehicles, in order to promote the modernization and optimization of battery management technology for electric vehicles. Disclosure of the invention

[0006] The present invention is based on the objective of providing an electric vehicle charged and discharged by means of dual batteries and its charging and discharging management system in order to increase the range performance of the electric vehicle, alleviate range anxiety, enable seamless switching of the dual batteries, thus ensuring continuous stable driving, intelligently optimize the charging and discharging strategy and thus extend the battery life, establish a multiple safety protection mechanism, thus avoiding the risk of battery application, provide flexible charging modes, thus increasing the convenience of use for the user, and enable real-time monitoring of the battery status and feedback of the information, thereby facilitating maintenance and management.

[0007] To enable the above objectives, the present invention is realized by the following technical solution: Electric vehicle charged and discharged by means of dual batteries, comprising a drive electric motor, a charging generator, a drive linkage device, a main battery, a reserve battery, a switching component, an external charging component, a wheel component; The drive connection device is an elastic coupling or a belt transmission mechanism, rigidly connected at one end to an output shaft of the drive electric motor, and rigidly connected at the other end to an input shaft of the charging generator; The switching component includes a discharge drive switch, a generator charging switch, and an external charging switch; The external charging component includes an external charging socket; The wheel component comprises front drive wheels and rear driven wheels; the front drive wheels are arranged on a steering mechanism at the front of the vehicle and are in drive connection with a drive output end of the drive electric motor; the rear driven wheels are arranged at the rear of the vehicle as output support wheels; During driving, one battery is discharged to power the drive electric motor, the drive electric motor drives the front drive wheels to rotate, and simultaneously the charging generator is driven to operation by the drive connection device, the charging generator charges another battery, and with external charging, the external charging socket and the external charging switch allow the selection of whether the main battery, the reserve battery, or both batteries are charged separately.

[0008] A charging and discharging management system adapted to the electric vehicle charged and discharged by dual batteries, which includes: a battery condition monitoring module for recording operating status data of the main battery and the reserve battery; a central control module, which is electrically connected to the switch component, the battery status monitoring module, serves to control the switching on and off of the switch component based on the operating status data in order to enable the switching of the charging and discharging of the dual batteries and the regulation of a charging power; a protection module to protect the dual batteries from abnormal operating conditions during the charging and discharging process; a communication module for reporting the status of the dual batteries and relevant information on charging and discharging.

[0009] In comparison with the existing technology, the advantageous effect of the present invention is as follows: 1. Considerable increase in range performance: a main-plus-reserve dual battery structure is used, in combination with the dynamic charging of the inactive battery by the charging generator during driving, a "charge-discharge" cycle is formed, thereby significantly extending the driving distance per charge and reducing dependence on external charging, which is particularly suitable for long-distance driving scenarios or a lack of charging points; 2. Smooth switching without interruption: the central control module precisely controls the switch component; the switching time of the dual batteries is ≤ 0.5 seconds, enabling a seamless connection; there is no feeling of interruption in driving power during the journey to ensure a pleasant driving experience; 3. Flexible, easy use: voluntary selection of external charging modes (main single charge, reserve single charge, dual charge mode) is supported, adapting to different charging situations; through the communication module, the battery's SOC, voltage, temperature, and fault warning are reported back in real time to facilitate remote monitoring and maintenance by the user; 4. Stable and durable structure: an elastic coupling made of nitrile rubber is used for the drive connection device, thereby dampening the shock of the drive transmission, reducing wear on the electric motor, generator and battery interface, thus increasing the service life of the components of the entire vehicle and the operational stability. Explanation of the illustrations Fig. is a structural diagram of an electric vehicle of the present invention which is charged and discharged by means of dual batteries; Fig. is a representation of a circuit principle of an electric vehicle charged and discharged by double batteries according to the present invention; Fig. is an architecture diagram of a loading and unloading management system of the present invention. Designs

[0010] Combined with Fig. The specific structure and operating procedure of the present invention are explained in more detail below: Structural assembly: Wheel component: the front drive wheels are steering drive wheels, connected by a steering knuckle to a chassis at the front of the vehicle, their wheel axle being connected to the drive output end of the drive electric motor via a reduction gear to enable drive transmission; the rear driven wheels are driven support wheels, connected by a wheel carrier to the chassis at the rear of the vehicle, fulfilling only the function of support and guidance assistance; For the drive connection device, an elastic coupling is used, both ends of which are each attached by a push-button connection to the output shaft of the drive electric motor and the input shaft of the charging generator; the elastic coupling is made of nitrile rubber to dampen the shock of the drive; Lithium batteries are used for the main battery and the reserve battery, with identical nominal voltages (such as 48 V), and with capacities tailored to the vehicle's range requirements (such as 20 Ah), arranged in parallel within the vehicle's battery compartment; The charging and discharging management system is integrated into a control box, which is mounted next to the battery container and electrically connected via a wiring harness to the dual batteries, the electric motor, the generator, the switch component and the external charging socket.

[0011] The detailed operational procedure: Start-up phase: after the vehicle is started, the battery state monitoring module is initialized, records the data from the original SOC, the voltage, the temperature and transmits this to the central control module; the control module preferably selects the battery with a higher SOC as the discharge battery, controls the corresponding discharge drive switch to switch it off, the battery supplies the drive electric motor with power; Driving charging phase: the drive electric motor is running, driving the front drive wheels via the reduction gearbox to enable the vehicle to move; simultaneously, the charging generator is driven into synchronized operation via the elastic clutch, and the generator outputs electrical energy; the central control module controls the corresponding generator charging switch to switch off the generator and regulates the charging current based on the state of charge (SOC) of the charged battery (if SOC ≤ 30%, a 1C charge is used; if 30% < SOC ≤ 80%, a 0.5C charge is used; if SOC > 80%, a maintenance charge of 0.2C is used). Switchover phase: when the state of charge (SOC) of the discharge battery is reduced to 20% or the temperature has risen to 45°C, the central control module first switches off the discharge drive switch, then the discharge drive switch of the other battery, and simultaneously switches the generator charge switch to a charging circuit of the discharge battery, so that the seamless switchover is completed, the switchover time is ≤ 0.5 seconds, and the driving of the vehicle is not affected; External charging phase: an external charger is connected to the external charging socket, the charging mode (main single charging, reserve single charging, dual charging mode) is selected via a vehicle control panel, the external charging switch is controlled by the central control module to switch off the corresponding circuit, the voltage, charging current and battery temperature are monitored in real time by the protection module, the charging circuit is switched off when the battery's state of charge (SOC) is ≥ 98% or the temperature is ≥ 50°C; Protection mechanism: In addition to excessive charging, excessive discharging, and excessive temperature, the protection module immediately shuts off the corresponding circuit if a short circuit (current ≥ 100 A) of the battery is detected; the control module switches off the generator's charging circuit if the generator's output voltage is abnormal (15% higher or 85% lower than the battery's nominal voltage) to prevent battery damage.

Claims

[1] Electric vehicle charged and discharged by means of dual batteries, characterized by , that: It includes a drive electric motor, a charging generator, a drive linkage device, a main battery, a reserve battery, a switching component, an external charging component, and a wheel component; the drive connection device is an elastic coupling or a belt transmission mechanism, rigidly connected at one end to an output shaft of the drive electric motor, and rigidly connected at the other end to an input shaft of the charging generator; The switching component includes a discharge drive switch, a generator charging switch, and an external charging switch; the external charging component includes an external charging socket; the wheel component comprises front drive wheels and rear driven wheels, the front drive wheels being arranged on a steering mechanism at a front part of the vehicle and being in drive connection with a drive output end of the drive electric motor, the rear driven wheels being arranged at a rear part of the vehicle as output support wheels; During driving, one battery is discharged to power the drive electric motor, the drive electric motor drives the front drive wheels to rotate, and simultaneously the charging generator is driven to operate by the drive connection device, the charging generator charges another battery, and in the case of external charging via the external charging socket and the external charging switch, it can be selected that the main battery, the reserve battery, or the dual batteries are charged separately or simultaneously. [2] A charging and discharging management system adapted to the electric vehicle charged and discharged by dual batteries according to claim 1, characterized by , that it includes: a battery condition monitoring module for recording operating status data of the main battery and the reserve battery; a central control module, which is electrically connected to the switch component, the battery status monitoring module, serves to control the switching on and off of the switch component based on the operating status data in order to enable the switching of the charging and discharging of the dual batteries and the regulation of a charging power; a protection module to protect the dual batteries from abnormal operating conditions during the charging and discharging process; a communication module for reporting the status of the dual batteries and relevant information on charging and discharging.

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