Concrete formwork

Abstract

Concrete formwork block (10) for surface paving, in particular for laying on a base of compacted material layers, comprising: a hexagonal arrangement (8) of a first number of individual stones (11-16), wherein each of the individual stones (11-16) has a visible or treading surface (23) with a geometric shape and side surfaces (21, 22), wherein the geometric shape of the visible or treading surface (23) of each individual stone (11-16) differs from the respective geometric shape of the visible or treading surface (23) of all other individual stones (11-16) of the arrangement (8); wherein each of the individual stones (11-16) within the arrangement (8) is connected to the adjacent individual stone by a connecting bridge (30) at at least one first side surface (21) facing an adjacent individual stone; wherein contact cams (32) are formed on the second side surfaces (22) of the individual stones, which point outwards in the arrangement (8), which ensure a forced joint distance to adjacent concrete formwork stones and for this purpose form essentially flat, outwards facing contact surface (34) for contacting a contact surface of the adjacent concrete formwork stone, wherein the contact surfaces (34) in plan view of the arrangement (8) from above, perpendicular to the visible or tread surfaces (23) define an equilateral hexagon (SE) in which they are inscribed.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to a precast concrete block, particularly for paving surfaces laid on a base of compacted material layers. The invention also relates to a paving system comprising such a precast concrete block and an associated edge stone for paving surfaces primarily in areas with pedestrian and light traffic, but also subject to dynamic driving loads (e.g., by passenger vehicles). The precast concrete block and the edge stone can each be composed of a plurality of interconnected individual blocks. Technical background:

[0002] It is common practice to use precast concrete pavers instead of natural stone for paving surfaces subject to pedestrian and vehicular traffic. These precast concrete pavers ("concrete pavers") are less expensive than natural stone, both in terms of purchase and installation. Furthermore, they offer uniform dimensions because they are manufactured industrially according to specifications or predefined designs. This simplifies installation and ensures consistent joints. In addition, they are easier to cut and fit than hard natural stone, while also posing a lower risk of breakage during processing.

[0003] These and other advantages are offset by disadvantages, such as the fact that precast concrete blocks can appear less high-quality and, sometimes—for a given application—the uniform design in terms of color and shape can give the impression of less variety or individuality. Nevertheless, a wide variety of designs is available for precast concrete blocks.

[0004] It has therefore been proposed to create a natural stone look in concrete paving stones by introducing fractured surfaces. Examples are given in DE 297 14 875 U1 and DE 20 2009 010 403 U1. However, this presents the problem that a closer approximation of the natural stone look necessarily leads to individualization or, more generally, to a greater variety of designs. In this case, for example, a person laying the paving stones is confronted with a larger number of available shapes of individual concrete paving stones from which they must select in order to fit and interlock the remaining stones correctly, which at least increases the time required and therefore also the costs of creating the paved surface. Description of the invention:

[0005] It is therefore an objective of the invention to simplify surface paving with a paving system made of precast concrete blocks, while simultaneously allowing a diversity of design in terms of both shape and appearance, and thereby reducing effort and costs.

[0006] This problem is solved by a concrete formwork block for surface paving, in particular for laying on a base of compacted material layers, with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and exemplary embodiments are described in the dependent claims. The problem is further solved by a block system with the features according to claim 10.

[0007] According to aspects of the invention, the starting point is a concrete block with a hexagonal arrangement of a (first) number of individual blocks. Each of the individual blocks has a visible or tread surface with a geometric shape as well as side faces. The geometric shape of the visible or tread surface of each individual block differs from the respective geometric shape of the visible or tread surface of all other individual blocks in the arrangement. In other words, within the arrangement, each individual block is unique with respect to its geometric shape.

[0008] The surface of the visible or treaded area can be smooth or textured. In the latter case, the individual stones in the arrangement can also differ noticeably in their texture, and in both cases, they can also differ in color to achieve individualization that implies a subjective sense of superior quality and / or proximity to natural stone paving. The visible or treaded surfaces of the individual stones essentially form a plane that, when laid, defines the paving level. Due to the texture, the visible or treaded surfaces—as with natural stone paving—may deviate slightly from a perfectly flat surface.

[0009] The arrangement of the individual stones is essentially hexagonal. This means that the total surface area, including the gaps (or joints), formed by the sum of the visible or tread surfaces of the individual concrete blocks, describes a substantially hexagonal shape. Since the visible or tread surfaces are intentionally designed to deviate from idealized and simple geometric shapes such as triangles, circles, etc., with straight or constantly curved edges, a truly perfect hexagonal shape can only be achieved approximately, which may also be intentional for a more natural appearance.However, it is important that – as explained below – the concrete block has an exact, equilateral hexagonal shape defined by contact surfaces with adjacent concrete blocks, with visible or walking surfaces distributed as evenly as possible over the hexagon, namely with the same average joint widths in relation to individual blocks of the same arrangement as well as in relation to individual blocks of adjacent concrete blocks, so that in the laid state it is no longer recognizable which individual block belongs to which concrete block, because the joint widths are similar everywhere.

[0010] Each individual stone within the hexagonal arrangement is connected to an adjacent stone by a connecting rib on at least one side facing that stone. These side faces can be irregularly arranged compared to the visible or walking surface, and they need not be perfectly flat; they may even be curved. Rather, they define the position of the respective stone below the visible or walking surface. For practical reasons, however, they will essentially slope downwards perpendicular to the visible or walking surface to form a defined joint between adjacent stones. This joint can hold jointing material and channel rainwater laterally to a drainage channel. Thus, the side faces of the individual stones within the arrangement are aligned, allowing for the formation of the connecting ribs.These connecting webs determine the position of the individual blocks relative to each other and within the arrangement. The connecting webs can preferably be formed integrally or monolithically with the individual blocks. In particular, a common mold, especially a steel mold, can be used to manufacture the concrete block, in which the individual blocks and the connecting webs (as well as the contact lugs, which will be explained later) are formed.

[0011] The described design proposes a molded concrete block that advantageously allows for the individual arrangement of differently shaped individual blocks. The individual blocks do not need to be laid separately; instead, they are laid integrally with the concrete block, retaining the layout predetermined in the (steel) mold, while maintaining the appearance of a custom-made paving stone arrangement. The ability to lay several blocks together in a single step saves considerable time and therefore costs.

[0012] The aforementioned contact lugs are molded onto the outward-facing side surfaces of the individual stones, i.e., those opposite each other in the arrangement. These lugs ensure a mandatory joint spacing to immediately adjacent concrete blocks. For this purpose, the contact lugs essentially form flat, outward-facing contact surfaces for contacting a corresponding contact surface of the adjacent concrete block. This means that, according to aspects of the invention, while the concrete blocks are designed for contact installation, the subsequently visible surfaces of the individual stones exhibit a joint spacing—both between the individual stones of a single concrete block and between individual stones of adjacent concrete blocks—that is also highly irregular and therefore resembles natural stone paving.

[0013] According to the present aspects of the invention, the contact surfaces, viewed from above (i.e., perpendicular to the visible or treaded surfaces), define an equilateral hexagon within which they are inscribed. The contact surfaces are flat and preferably extend vertically, arranged such that each defines one of the six outer faces of a hexagonal body (mathematically: a regular hexagonal prism). The hexagonal arrangement of the individual stones, and thus also of their outer faces, already establishes the formation of the hexagonal body. However, the contact surfaces are only locally limited; the hexagonal body is formed only virtually by being inscribed within it. "Inscribed" means that the contact surfaces touch and define the outer faces.The planes formed by the contact surfaces can be extended in the circumferential direction of the concrete block until they intersect a plane formed by an adjacent contact surface. The resulting (vertically extending) lines of intersection form the edges of the hexagonal body. Thus, for each concrete block according to the invention, the hexagonal body defined by the contact surfaces is uniquely determined.

[0014] This hexagonal concrete block forms a kind of honeycomb-like cell within the overall layout of a paving plan for surface construction. The hexagonal shape allows for the close, direct placement of several identical concrete blocks side by side and across the surface. This is not possible with pentagonal, heptagonal, or octagonal blocks: these would require differently shaped concrete blocks to fill the gaps.

[0015] A particular advantage, according to aspects of the invention, arises from the fact that the concrete block can be rotated by 60° while still fitting into the same laying position or cell. The pattern created by the individual blocks thus changes its position relative to the adjacent concrete blocks. The joints between adjacent concrete blocks also change their shape. This successfully avoids the disadvantageous impression of a repetitive pattern, further enhancing the effect of a seemingly individual laying pattern.

[0016] According to a further development of the proposed concrete formwork block, each of the connecting webs has an upper end that is set back vertically from the visible or tread surface and forms a dummy joint groove between two corresponding individual blocks. This dummy joint groove can later be filled with jointing material.

[0017] According to a further development of the proposed concrete formwork block, adjacent connecting webs can be spaced apart. This allows vertical drainage channels to form between these connecting webs. The upper ends of the connecting webs, which form the dummy joint groove, can, for example, be inclined towards these drainage channels to facilitate the drainage of any water absorbed within them.

[0018] According to a related or alternative development of the proposed concrete block, the contact lugs have an upper end that is recessed vertically relative to the visible or treaded surface. Together with the upper end of an opposing contact lug of an identical concrete block, these lugs form a dummy joint groove between two opposing individual blocks of the two concrete blocks when this additional concrete block is laid adjacently. This transfers the internal structure of the concrete block, with regard to joint formation, to the spaces between individual blocks of adjacent concrete blocks, so that no difference between "inner" and "outer" joints remains visible after installation.

[0019] Furthermore, the contact lugs can be distributed along the outer surface of the concrete block in the direction of rotation and spaced apart from one another. Due to the spacing between adjacent contact lugs of the concrete block, vertical drainage channels can form between them in conjunction with the opposing contact lugs of an identical concrete block placed in the same configuration. Here, too, the previously mentioned advantage applies: within an arrangement of a concrete block and between arrangements of adjacent concrete blocks, a uniform drainage channel structure can be achieved, so that it is not externally apparent that groups of individual blocks belong together.

[0020] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the concrete formwork block according to the invention, each pair of adjacent and spaced-apart contact surfaces of the concrete formwork block jointly defines one of the six outer faces of the equilateral hexagon. They thus form the same plane. The corresponding contact lugs can certainly be formed on different individual blocks.

[0021] The entirety of the contact surfaces of the contact cams can be designed to be essentially rotationally symmetrical, such that when the arrangement is rotated by 60° around a center point (M) of the equilateral hexagon, the contact surfaces always end up in identical positions. This design ensures that an opposite contact surface of an adjacent concrete block always comes into contact with another contact surface, regardless of the rotational position of the concrete block in question.

[0022] Similarly, the contact surface, or, in the case of multiple contact surfaces per outer face of the equilateral hexagon, these contact surfaces, can be designed to be mirror-symmetrical to a vertical line bisecting the outer face. This design is also advantageous for ensuring reliable mutual contact between the contact surfaces of identical concrete blocks.

[0023] The term "identical in construction" also includes concrete blocks that differ in the hexagonal arrangement of the individual blocks and the geometric shape of the corresponding visible or tread surfaces, while otherwise having the same characteristics. The positions of the contact surfaces are particularly similar.

[0024] The concrete formwork blocks proposed here can have an upper layer of individual blocks, forming the visible or walking surfaces, made of a facing concrete. This allows for the modeling and structuring of a surface resembling natural stone.

[0025] Furthermore, a lower layer forming a base for the individual stones can be monolithic, including the connecting webs and contact lugs, and made of a core concrete that is harder than the facing concrete. This increases the stability of the entire structure.

[0026] Another aspect involves a paving system for areas primarily used by pedestrians and those with low foot traffic, as well as areas subject to dynamic driving loads. This system comprises one or more concrete blocks arranged in a hexagonal pattern as described above – in the case of multiple blocks, these blocks may be identical or have different layouts to allow for greater variety and individual design – as well as one or more edging stones.

[0027] The edging stone, or each of the several edging stones, now has a trapezoidal arrangement of a (second) number of individual stones, each of which, as with the concrete formwork stone with a hexagonal arrangement, has a visible or tread surface with a geometric shape as well as side faces. The geometric shape of the visible or tread surface of each individual stone can also differ from the respective geometric shape of the visible or tread surface of all other individual stones of the edging stone.Similarly, each of the individual stones of the edging stone within the arrangement can be connected to the adjacent individual stone by a connecting web on at least one side surface facing a neighboring individual stone, and contact lugs can be formed on the side surfaces of the individual stones of the edging stone that face outwards in the arrangement, as with the concrete formwork stone with hexagonal arrangement, which can ensure a forced joint distance to adjacent concrete formwork stones with hexagonal arrangement and for this purpose essentially form flat, outwards facing contact surfaces for contacting a contact surface of the concrete formwork stone with hexagonal arrangement, whereby the contact surfaces now define an equilateral hexagon bisected by a diagonal, i.e. a trapezoid in which they are inscribed when viewed from above, i.e. perpendicular to the visible or walking surfaces.

[0028] The edging stones can advantageously complete the honeycomb pattern of concrete paving blocks with a hexagonal arrangement of individual stones, creating a straight line at the edge of the paved area. The edging stones have the same thickness or height as the concrete paving blocks with the hexagonal arrangement (note: the edging stone is also a concrete paving block) and thus fit into their honeycomb pattern. Consequently, it is possible to create a consistent edge finish. However, individual cutting at the edge is also possible.

[0029] It should be noted that this paving system can be used for standard construction in accordance with the "Guidelines for the Standardization of Pavement Structures", edition 2012 / version 2024 (RStO 12 / 24). These guidelines regulate standard cases for new construction and renewal of standardized pavement structures for traffic areas both within and outside built-up areas.

[0030] Further advantageous embodiments of a concrete formwork block can be found in the attached claims. Brief description of the drawings:

[0031] The invention is explained below only by way of example with reference to the schematic drawings. Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a hexagonal ground plan (top view) of a concrete formwork block according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 2 shows starting from the one in Fig. The ground plan shown in 1 shows the placement of individual stones and the contact cams molded onto them in the hexagonal ground plan; Fig. 3 shows starting from the one in Fig. The floor plan shown in section 2 shows the placement of connecting bridges molded between the individual stones; Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of identical concrete blocks of a stone system laid next to each other for surface paving according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the plan of two trapezoidal ground plans (top view) for edge stones with individual stones, connecting webs and contact cams according to the embodiment for the stone system made of Fig. 4; Fig. Figure 6 shows in perspective a concrete form block according to a corresponding embodiment (above) and an edge termination block (below), which together with the concrete form block forms an embodiment for a stone system according to the invention; Fig. Figure 7 shows a laying plan of concrete form blocks according to exemplary embodiments and various edge finishing blocks, which together form an embodiment for a stone system according to the invention; Fig. Figure 8 shows a vertical section through a concrete formwork block according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed description of preferred embodiments:

[0032] In the following description of a preferred embodiment, it should be noted that the present disclosure of the various aspects is not limited to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components as shown in the following description and in the figures. The embodiment can be implemented or carried out in practice in various ways. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language and terminology used here are employed solely for the purpose of concrete description and should not be interpreted restrictively by those skilled in the art.Furthermore, in the following description, identical reference numerals in the embodiment or the figures denote identical or similar features or objects, so that in some cases a repeated detailed description of the same is omitted in order to preserve the compactness and clarity of the presentation.

[0033] In the Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a hexagonal base plan 1 of a concrete formwork block, which forms a basis for the construction of embodiments of the invention, which are described in the Fig. Figures 2 to 4 and 6 are shown. This floor plan 1 reflects a hexagonal arrangement of individual stones 11 to 16, which are to be placed in the floor plan to build the concrete formwork block.

[0034] For the geometric construction of the concrete block, an equilateral hexagon S6 is projected into a given rectangle R. The equilateral hexagon S6 has vertices A, B, C, D, E, and F with edges AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, and FA connecting them. The inner sides at the vertices all form an angle of 120°, and by definition, the edges are of equal length. Fig. Figure 1 shows the plan view for the concrete formwork block according to the invention, i.e., a top view of a three-dimensional body. The in the Fig. The edges AB, BC, CD, DE, EF and FA shown in Figure 1 therefore form outer surfaces SA, SB, SC, SD, SE and SF of a hexagonal prism as a geometric body which has a height h and hexagonal end faces.

[0035] The base plan 1 of the hexagon S6 or of the hexagonal body can be geometrically subdivided into 6 identical triangles SFA, SFB, SFC, SFD, SFE and SFF (spatially: triangular prisms) that are grouped around a geometric center M or a central axis M of the hexagonal body.

[0036] The triangles SFA, SFB, SFC, SFD, SFE, and SFF, or triangular prisms, can serve as placeholders for the placement of individual stones 11 to 16, particularly when exactly six individual stones are to be placed in the design of a concrete form block according to the invention. Preferably, however, the triangles can also serve only initially as a guide for modeling the individual stones to be formed, and then be removed. The hexagon is thus freed up, and the construction (geometric extent) of the individual stones 11 to 16 can then extend beyond the boundaries of the triangles in any desired way. Essentially, the individual stones are grouped around the center point, but can also overlap (cover) it.

[0037] In the Fig. 2 and Fig. Figure 3 shows the concrete formwork block 10 with an arrangement 8 of individual stones 11 to 16 placed within it. The six individual stones 11 to 16 of the arrangement 8 shown here are each unique. In particular, they differ with regard to the geometric extent or the geometric shape of their respective visible or tread surface 23, which is shown in the top view of the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 can be seen. Due to their irregular shape, they resemble natural stones, creating a high-quality appearance.

[0038] The six individual stones 11 to 16 of arrangement 8 are essentially in the in Fig. The triangles shown in section 1 are placed and can themselves roughly have a triangular geometric shape, allowing them to be placed against each other with relatively small gaps. However, one of the stones, for example, has a more rectangular shape. The shapes are in the Fig. 3 are designated with “Design 1” (single stone 11), “Design 2” (single stone 12), “Design 3” (single stone 13), “Design 4” (single stone 14), “Design 5” (single stone 15), and “Design 6” (single stone 16). In the Fig. For the sake of clarity, this has been omitted in Figure 2. It should be noted that the layout shown is purely arbitrary and other forms are equally possible. The arrangement may also include more or fewer individual stones (Figure 8).

[0039] The individual stones 11 to 16 have mutually facing side surfaces 21 (essentially perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), which form the joints 25, as well as side surfaces 22 pointing away from or outwards from the arrangement 8. Taken together, the side surfaces 22 already roughly form a hexagonal shape for the arrangement 8: the placement and design of the individual stones are such that the hexagon S6 is evenly filled, observing a minimal joint and edge distance, and larger empty areas are avoided. Connecting webs 30 are provided between the opposing side surfaces 21 of the individual stones 11 to 16, which are formed on both sides of the individual stones 11 to 16, as shown in the Fig. Figure 3 shows that each of the individual stones 11 to 16 has at least one connecting web 30, via which it is connected to another of the individual stones 11 to 16. The connecting webs 30 are spaced apart from each other, so that drainage channels 40 are formed between them, through which surface water, such as rainwater, can be drained from the joints.

[0040] In the Fig. 2. The connecting bridges 30 are omitted from the drawing (but are present) - instead, they are shown here in Fig. Three contact lugs 32 (not shown) are shown, each formed on the outer side surfaces 22 of the individual blocks 11 to 16. In this embodiment, each of the outwardly facing side surfaces 22 is provided with a contact lug 32. The contact lugs 32 each have a flat contact surface 34. The respective spanned plane coincides with one of the outer surfaces SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, and SF of the equilateral hexagon S6 (or the corresponding body). Thus, the contact surfaces 34 structurally define the equilateral hexagon S6 and are inscribed within it. In the laid state, the contact lugs 32, by means of their contact surfaces 34, ensure contact with corresponding contact lugs or surfaces of adjacent concrete blocks of the same block system. Given the inscribed hexagonal shape, this ensures a honeycomb-shaped laying pattern, as described in the Fig. 4 is recognizable. The contact cams 32 also ensure a forced joint distance, particularly to the adjacent concrete formwork block. As shown in the Fig. As can be seen in Figure 2, the contact cams 34 are arranged circumferentially, but spaced apart from each other. This allows drainage channels 42 to be formed between adjacent contact cams 32. The drainage channels are formed between adjacent concrete form blocks 10. For the sake of clarity, the drainage channels 42 are shown only in Figure 2. Fig. 6 indicated.

[0041] The Fig. Figure 4 shows a stone system 50, which is formed from several of the concrete formwork blocks 10. In the embodiment shown, all are identical in construction (here referred to as "Type A") and correspond to the one in the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Example shown. In the Fig. Figure 4 shows five concrete blocks laid in a hexagonal honeycomb pattern, purely as an example, to create a surface paving. The orientation of the bottom four of these concrete blocks 10 is (unintentionally) identical: the single block 11, which resembles a molar, is always facing upwards (in the Fig. 4) aligned. To achieve further variety, the fifth concrete block (top right in the Fig. 4) laid rotated by 180°. The sixth concrete block 10 (top left in the Fig. 4) The stones are laid in a further twisted position to reinforce the impression of the variety of individual stones. This creates a non-repeating laying pattern. By rotating (Type A rotated) the concrete blocks by 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, 300°, or 0° / 360°, different individual stones are always facing each other, resulting in a completely different joint pattern each time. The illustration in the Fig. As described, option 4 is based on only one type of concrete block 10 ("Type A") with 6 individual blocks. By including, for example, 5 differently designed concrete blocks (different layout of individual blocks, types "B", "C", "D", "E", and "F"), almost countless combination possibilities arise, along with the possibility of rotation in 6 available rotation positions.

[0042] The Fig. Figure 5 shows two edge stones 60 of different types ("Types G and H") for the stone system 50. They are therefore not identical. The edge stones 60 are each designed as a halved hexagon S6 / 2. This already provides a connection combination. They can also be referred to as half-stones. These two half-stones have a symmetrical trapezoidal shape. The upper half-stone has vertices G, H, I, J, and the lower half-stone has vertices K, L, M, G. The half-stones can be used in the design analogously to… Fig. 1 can be divided into four sectors each, similar to the triangles in Fig. 1. Four individual stones can then be placed in the respective sectors during the layout design. The four individual stones 17 to 20 of the edge termination stone 60 are connected by connecting webs 30, just like the solid concrete formwork stone 10 described above, and the contact cams 32 already described are again molded onto the outer edges of the trapezoid. Apart from the trapezoidal shape, the structure of the edge termination stones 60 is essentially the same as that of the concrete formwork stones 10.

[0043] The Fig. Figure 6 shows an isometric representation of an embodiment of a stone system 50 with the combination of the concrete formwork block 10 (the Fig. Figure 6 shows a different embodiment or design than the one in the Fig. 2 to 4 shown) and the edge termination stone 60. This illustration clearly shows how the surface water penetrating the joints 25 can drain away through drainage channels 40 and 42 between the connecting webs 30.

[0044] In the Fig. Figure 7 shows a possible edge finish for a surface paving system realized with concrete formwork blocks according to the invention. Both of the elements shown in the technical drawing are depicted. Fig. The 5 shown edge stones 60 are used. Since the central area is covered with solid stones (concrete formwork stones 10), the area between the edge stones can be filled. To demonstrate the variety of stone mixtures, the following is shown in the Fig. Between the concrete blocks 10 with six individual blocks, an alternative design with, for example, seven individual blocks (see approximately in the middle) is also incorporated. By rotating the concrete blocks 10 in different positions, a new joint pattern is always achieved between the solid blocks or between the solid blocks and the half blocks.

[0045] The Fig. Figure 8 shows a partial cross-section through a concrete block 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. The section passes, among other things, through two individual blocks 11 and 14.

[0046] A contact cam 32 is formed on an outward-facing (away from the concrete block 10) side surface 22. The contact cam 32 has a flat contact surface 34, which forms an outer surface (here: SD) of the equilateral hexagon S6 inscribed by it. The contact cam 32 terminates vertically well below the top edge of the individual block 14. Furthermore, the individual blocks 11 and 14 are connected by a formed connecting web 30. An upper end of the connecting web 30 is shaped as a trough 26. This trough 26 directs the infiltrating water to an infiltration point or drainage channel (not in Fig.(8 shown). The concrete block shown is manufactured according to the concrete production process with a fine facing concrete (approx. 1.5 cm high). The much larger part of the base of the concrete block 10 is formed from high-strength core concrete. The concrete block 10 is laid level and aligned on a base of compacted mineral layers within its application area. After filling with jointing material, only the surfaces of the concrete block 10 are visible. The desired design with a variety of individual blocks in different designs is thus achieved. Installation is also considerably simplified. All dimensions are approximate. For example, a preferred size is 30 cm x 30 cm x 8 cm. The edge stones 60 have the same thickness and fit into the hexagonal system. This allows for a consistent edge finish.

[0047] The concrete formwork block 10 can, according to specific embodiments without limiting generality, comprise, for example, 4 to 9 individual blocks, in particular 5 to 7 individual blocks, preferably 6 individual blocks. The edge termination block can, for example, according to specific embodiments, comprise 2 to 6 individual blocks, in particular 3 to 5 individual blocks, preferably 4 individual blocks. Reference symbol list 1 Floor plan 8 hexagonal arrangement of individual stones 10 concrete formwork blocks 11-16 individual stones (hexagonal concrete blocks) 17-20 individual stones (trapezoidal edging stone) 21 Side surface (towards the inside) 22 Side surface (outward) 23 Visible or walking surface 25 joint 26 dummy joint recess 30 connecting element 32 Contact cam 34 Contact area 40 Drainage channel (inside, between connecting struts and inner side surfaces of the individual stones) 42 Drainage channel (outside, between contact cams and outer side surfaces of the individual stones) 50 stone system 60 Edge finishing stone A, B, C... Key points M Center R rectangle S6 equilateral hexagon, hexagonal prism (concrete block) S6 / 2 symmetrical trapezoid (edge ​​capping stone) SA-SF Outer faces of the equilateral hexagon / hexagonal prism SFA-SFF triangles as placeholders for individual stones in the layout design QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 297 14 875 U1

[0004] DE 20 2009 010 403 U1

[0004] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] Guidelines for the standardization of the superstructure of traffic areas", Edition 2012 / Version 2024

[0029]

Claims

[1] Concrete formwork block (10) for surface paving, in particular for laying on a base of compacted material layers, comprising: a hexagonal arrangement (8) of a first number of individual stones (11-16), wherein each of the individual stones (11-16) has a visible or treading surface (23) with a geometric shape and side surfaces (21, 22), wherein the geometric shape of the visible or treading surface (23) of each individual stone (11-16) differs from the respective geometric shape of the visible or treading surface (23) of all other individual stones (11-16) of the arrangement (8); wherein each of the individual stones (11-16) within the arrangement (8) is connected to the adjacent individual stone by a connecting bridge (30) at at least one first side surface (21) facing an adjacent individual stone; wherein contact cams (32) are formed on the second side surfaces (22) of the individual stones, which point outwards in the arrangement (8), which ensure a forced joint distance to adjacent concrete formwork stones and for this purpose form essentially flat, outwards facing contact surface (34) for contacting a contact surface of the adjacent concrete formwork stone, wherein the contact surfaces (34) in plan view of the arrangement (8) from above, perpendicular to the visible or tread surfaces (23) define an equilateral hexagon (SE) in which they are inscribed. [2] Concrete formwork block (10) according to claim 1, wherein each of the connecting webs (30) has an upper end which is set back in a vertical direction from the visible or tread surface (23) and forms a dummy joint recess (26) between two corresponding individual blocks (11-16). [3] Concrete formwork block (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein adjacent connecting webs (30) are spaced apart from each other and thereby form vertical drainage channels (40) between them. [4] Concrete formwork block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the contact cams (32) have an upper end which is set back in a vertical direction from the visible or tread surface (23) and together with an upper end of an opposing contact cam of an identical further concrete formwork block forms a dummy joint recess (26) between two opposing individual blocks of the two concrete formwork blocks when this further concrete formwork block is placed adjacent to it. [5] Concrete formwork block (10) according to claim 4, wherein the contact cams (32) are distributed in the circumferential direction on an outer side of the concrete formwork block (10) and are spaced apart from each other, and Due to the mutual distance, adjacent contact cams (32) of the concrete form block (10) in conjunction with the respective opposite contact cam of an attached identical further concrete form blocks form vertical drainage channels (42) between them. [6] Concrete formwork block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each pair of adjacent and spaced-apart contact surfaces (34) define one of the six outer faces (SA-SF) of the equilateral hexagon (SE). [7] Concrete formwork block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the entirety of the contact surfaces (34) of the contact cams (32) is essentially rotationally symmetrical, such that the contact surfaces (34) come to be in identical positions when the arrangement is rotated by 60° about a center point (M) of the equilateral hexagon (SE); and / or wherein the contact surface (34) or, in the case of several contact surfaces per outer surface of the equilateral hexagon, these contact surfaces (34) are formed in a mirror-symmetrical manner with respect to a vertical line bisecting the outer surface (SA-SF). [8] Concrete formwork block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an upper layer forming the visible or tread surfaces (23) of the individual blocks (11-16) is formed from a facing concrete. [9] Concrete formwork block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a lower layer forming a base of the individual blocks (11-16) is formed monolithically with the connecting webs (30) and the contact cams (32) from a core concrete that is harder than the facing concrete. [10] Stone system (50) for surface paving for predominantly pedestrian and lightly frequented areas as well as driving dynamic loads, comprising one or more concrete formwork blocks (10) with a hexagonal arrangement (8) according to one of claims 1 to 9, and one or more edge termination blocks (60), wherein the edge termination stone (60), or each of the several edge termination stones (60), has a trapezoidal arrangement of a second number of individual stones (17-20), wherein each of the individual stones (17-20) of the edge termination stone (60) has, as in the case of the concrete formwork stone with hexagonal arrangement, a visible or tread surface (23) with a geometric shape and side surfaces (21, 22), wherein the geometric shape of the visible or tread surface (23) of each individual stone differs from the respective geometric shape of the visible or tread surface of all other individual stones of the edge termination stone, wherein each of the individual stones (17-20) of the edge termination stone (60) is connected within the arrangement (8) at at least one first side surface (21) facing an adjacent individual stone by a connecting web (30), wherein contact cams (32) are formed on the second side surfaces (22) of the individual stones of the edge termination stone (60), which point outwards in the arrangement, which can ensure a forced joint distance to adjacent concrete formwork stones with a hexagonal arrangement and for this purpose essentially form flat, outwards facing contact surfaces (34) for contacting a contact surface (34) of the concrete formwork stone (10) with a hexagonal arrangement (8), wherein the contact surfaces (34) in a top view of the arrangement (8) from above, perpendicular to the visible or tread surfaces (23), define an equilateral hexagon (S6 / 2) bisected by a diagonal, i.e. a symmetrical trapezoid in which they are inscribed.

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